Essay on the Unified State Exam. The problem of art

Essay based on the text:

Mikhail Osipovich Gershenzon (1869 – 1925) – Russian literary critic, philosopher, publicist and translator. In his article he describes the problem of art.
The relevance of this problem is obvious, especially these days, since many people have begun to pay special attention art. For some it has become a part of life, and for others it has become an exciting hobby.
Mikhail Osipovich writes: “All art reveals secrets.” In his own words, the author speaks of mystery.
The literary critic says, “the external captivating nature of art is important.” The author says that art plays big role on earth, comparing it with flora.
The translator speaks. “Art is given to everyone to taste it according to their strength.” The philosopher says that not everyone is able to comprehend the full depth of art. It will not open to everyone!
The author believes that art is given for human self-development. And everyone chooses for themselves what they consider necessary.
I agree with the author. Indeed, art captures a person headlong into its gentle and warm environment.
First, let's remember an extraordinary picture I. I. Shishkina “Morning in pine forest" This beautiful picture inspires many artists to create something unusual and beautiful.
Secondly, let's remember the beautiful and great artist of Russia - Nikas Safronov, inspired by nature home country, writes magnificent paintings.
Thus, I want to make a conclusion. Art is an important part of humanity, without which we would find it difficult to imagine our lives!

Text by Mikhail Osipovich Gershenzon:

(1) Every art reveals secrets, and everything in its perfection is certainly captivating. (2) The artist’s job is to express his vision of the world, and it has no other goal. (3) But such is the mysterious law of art that the vision on the outside is expressed the more harmoniously, the more original and deeper it is in itself. (4) Here, in contrast to the material world, external charm is an unmistakable sign of inner truth and strength. (5) The captivating quality of art is that smooth, shiny, iridescent ice crust with which the fiery lava of the artist’s soul seems to cool down when it comes into contact with the outside air, with reality.

(6) This external captivatingness of art is extremely important: it plays into spiritual world the same role that the bright color of a flower plays in the plant kingdom, attracting insects that are destined to spread flower dust. (7) The melodiousness of the form attracts the attention of people, not yet knowing what value is hidden in artistic creation, people are unconsciously attracted to him and perceive him for his external charms. (8) But at the same time, the shiny ice crust hides the depth from them, making it inaccessible; This is the wise trick of nature. (9) Beauty is a lure, but beauty is also a barrier. (10) A beautiful form of art attracts everyone with obvious temptation. (11) Truly beauty will not deceive anyone; but it completely absorbs weak attention; for the weak gaze it is opaque: he is condemned to amuse himself with it alone. (12) Only an intense and sharp gaze penetrates it and sees the depths, the deeper, the sharper it itself is. (13) Art allows everyone to taste according to their strength: to one the whole truth, because he is ripe, to another - a part, and to the third it shows only its brilliance, the beauty of its form, so that the fiery truth, entering the fragile soul, does not burn it fatally and did not destroy its young tissues.

(14) So Pushkin’s poetry is fraught with deep revelations, but the crowd easily glides through it, rejoicing in its smoothness and brilliance, reveling without thought in the music of the poems, the clarity and colorfulness of the images. (15) Only now are we beginning to see these depths under the ice and learning to understand the wisdom of Pushkin through the dazzling sparkle of his beauty.

(16) In science, the mind cognizes only individual series of phenomena, but man also has other knowledge, holistic, because his very personality is holistic. (17) And this highest knowledge is inherent in everyone without exception, complete in everyone and different in everyone. (18) This holistic vision of the world is unconsciously real in every soul and powerfully determines its existence in desires and assessments. (19) It is also the fruit of experience. (20) There is not a single person among people who does not carry within himself his own, unique vision of the Universe, as if a secret record of things. (21) And we don’t know that it is in us, we don’t know how it appears in a wonderful pattern in our scattered judgments and actions. (22) Only occasionally and for a moment will a person be illuminated by his personal truth, burning in secret, and will again disappear in the depths. (23) Only the chosen ones are given the opportunity to contemplate their vision for a long time, at least partially, in fragments of the whole; and this sight intoxicates them with such joy that they, as if in delirium, rush to tell the whole world about it. (24) It is not depicted in concepts; one can only talk about it incoherently, in images. (25) And Pushkin conveyed his knowledge to us in images; in images it is warmly covered and pleasant to look at. (26) I take it out of the images and know that, taken out into daylight, it will seem strange, and maybe even incredible.

(According to M. Gershenzon*)

*Mikhail Osipovich Gershenzon (1869-1925) - Russian literary critic, philosopher, publicist and translator.

Art transforms our life into something beautiful, capable of unfolding. inner essence man, and teaching him ways to comprehend the truth. What is considered most important in a work of art – form or content? The problem of the relationship between these two components is touched upon by the author in his reasoning.

In order to substantiate his own thoughts, the outstanding Russian philologist and translator M. Gershenzon had to resort to using a spectacular image.

He describes the form as a sparkling ice crust, which becomes the result of the transformation of the “fiery lava of the artist’s soul.” Its brilliance hides its deep content, which is revealed not to everyone, but only to a person with an attentive and inquisitive mind. Some are given the opportunity to understand more in a work, and others less, while there are also those who were able to see external beauty without comprehending the depth of this creation.

content is considered to be its external harmony. An example confirming this truth is, according to M. O. Gershenzon, the poetry of Pushkin, in which everyone manages to find as much as fits into his own soul. According to the author, there is a law in art that implies the unity of form and content, but often we are not able to come to the realization of the artist’s hidden thoughts.

Indeed, while reading poetry or listening to music, we often experience emotions of admiration for the skill of the composer who became the creator of the work that amazed us. But we cannot always immediately comprehend the depth of an artist’s thought. We think the work is quite simple, since everything in it is weightless and light, similar to the flight of a butterfly. But years later, we come to realize the wise truth that the author of the masterpiece shared with us. Form tends to clarify the content, although when admiring it, it is important to show a desire to realize what is hidden between the lines.

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Every art reveals secrets, and every art in its perfection is certainly captivating. The artist’s job is to express his vision of the world, and it has no other purpose.

Composition

Often, when analyzing a particular object of art, we pay attention to only one of its sides: the external, without thinking at all about what it can mean and what it can lead to. In this text M.O. Gershenzon raises the problem of interaction between form and content in art.

Analyzing this problem, the author cites as an example the poetry of A.S. Pushkin: many pay attention only to the form of the poem, glide through it, “rejoicing at its smoothness and brilliance,” enjoying the musicality of the lines and the colorfulness of the images. But all this was conceived in order to convey the poet’s “deep revelations,” which, taken “into the light of day,” may seem strange or even incredible. The literary critic emphasizes that not everyone can discern the secret essence of an object of art behind its form: “Only now are we...learning to understand the wisdom of Pushkin through the dazzling sparkle of his beauty.” This happens with paintings and music. The author brings us to the conclusion that the form serves to attract people’s attention to the content, and at the same time makes it inaccessible to fragile minds - this is the “wise trick of nature.”

M.O. Gershenzon believes that in art form and content are inseparable: first, the form draws attention to the entire work as a whole, and then arouses interest in its essence and content.

I completely agree with the author’s opinion and also believe that form and content in art are an inseparable tandem that can give a person incredible pleasure, philosophical rapture or a crushing mystery. One serves to attract attention and aesthetic pleasure, while the other gives secrets and revelations of the creator.

Creativity V.V. Mayakovsky is known not only for its expression, but also for its completely new form, unusual for that time. The poet’s famous “ladder” attracts most people with its shape and sonority, and it did not serve to enrich V.V. Mayakovsky on the number of lines, as many envious people argued, - this form is an integral part of his poetry, it served and continues to serve to convey the mood of the poem, its message. So, in the poem “Lilychka!” this form conveys abruptness of speech lyrical hero, his excitement, rapid heartbeat due to parting with his beloved. All this more fully expresses the image of the lyrical hero and his beloved and is a cry of despair from V.V. himself. Mayakovsky.

Sometimes the maximum reduction of words in a poem contributes to the depth of its meaning. Matsuo Basho, being the founder of the haiku genre, used a unique, attractive form in his poems, famous for its “linked stanzas”. Tercetes, like “The Path to the North,” served to convey inner beauty the described phenomenon or object, its “soul”, “inner life” in a simple, laconic form. With such a “sparseness” of lines, the poet drew attention to the essence of his works and gave the reader the opportunity to immerse himself in them as deeply as possible.

Thus, we can conclude that form and content in art serve to convey the thoughts of the creators in a deeper and more vivid way. They are inseparable and inseparable: form without essence is empty, and essence without form cannot find its reader.

What is art? What is its influence on human consciousness? What should art be? These and other issues are addressed by M. O. Gershenzon. However, the author examines the problem of captivating art in more detail.

To draw the attention of readers to this problem, the author argues that art is certainly captivating. It attracts people with its beauty, originality, and harmony. Art contains secrets that always interest people: “The melodiousness of the form attracts the attention of people, not yet knowing what value is hidden in an artistic creation, people are unconsciously attracted to it and perceive it for its external charms.” The problem of captivating art is relevant today, since contemporary art contains many unsolved secrets.

To prove the above, I will give the following example. Let us recall the story by A.P. Chekhov “Rothschild’s Violin”. Yakov Matveevich, the hero of the work, found a melody of amazing beauty, touching and sad, forcing him to make philosophical enrichments of a humane nature. The melody captivated the hero with its beauty and musicality.

The following example can be used as an argument. The outstanding Russian poet Vasily Zhukovsky, talking about his impressions of Raphael’s painting “ Sistine Madonna”, said that the hour he spent in front of her belongs to happiest hour his life, and it seemed to him that this picture was born in a moment of miracle.

I read the text by M. O. Gershenzon with interest. I believe that art can captivate the soul and consciousness of a person, enriching the inner world, inspiring good deeds.

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