What is the difference between ancient Greek theater and modern theater. Mature stage in the history of theatrical art

The word "theater" is translated from Greek as a "spectacle" and as a "place for spectacles".

"Spectacle", "spectator", "vision" are related words, the same root.

That is, the theater is:

what the viewer is watching: performances, concerts, performances (required on stage so that you can see the performance from anywhere in the auditorium);
where the viewer looks: a special place, a building in which a theatrical performance takes place.

Therefore, you can say: "We were in the theater." And you can and "We watched the theater."

The emergence of theater

Theater originated in ancient times. In ancient Greece it was customary to celebrate significant events: the onset of spring, the harvest. The Greeks especially loved the holiday of the god Dionysus, who personified the forces of nature, falling asleep in winter and reborn again with the first rays of the sun.

(Commentary for adults: This essence of Dionysus is also associated with his second hypostasis of the god of grapes and winemaking. The whole process of processing grapes, fermenting them and turning them into an exciting spiritwine can be considered a metaphor for death and rebirth Dionisa.)

This festival joy and freedom, when prisoners were released on bail, debtors were left alone and no one was arrested, so that everyone could take part in the fun,so it was called "Great Dionysius" and triumphed over the complete victory of spring over winter.

People sang songs, changed clothes, put on masks, made stuffed animals. At first, the holiday was held in city squares, and then special architectural structures were built for performances.

The theater building was built on a hillside. At the foot was a round platform - an orchestra, where singers, reciters, actors performed. Behind the orchestra there was a skena - a tent for changing clothes of actors and props.

Some theaters were truly huge and quite comparable in capacity to modern stadiums.

Ancient Greek theater located in the city of Larisa on the south side of Mount Furourio

Actors in the ancient Greek theater could only be men: they played both male and female roles. It was a very respected profession. And very complex. The actors had to perform in special masks(more details here), the audience could not see their facial expressions, so it was necessary to convey all the emotions with gestures and voice.

And yet, the actors of the tragedies went on stage in special sandals on a high platform - they were called koturny. These high sandals made the gait slower, stately, proud, as befits a character in a tragedy.

(Interestingly, in ancient Rome, cothurni boots were worn onlyactors portraying gods and emperors to distinguish themselves from actors portraying ordinary people.

And at this link you can read a study that proves a different origin of the cothurni: "When the Greek tragedian received the role of a god, he had to solve a dilemma:<...>how to move around the stage? To lower the gods from their pedestals to the ground of an orchestra, to put them on the ancient stage "on the same level" with a man? Greek of the 6th-5th centuries BC. e. did not consider it possible to do this with the images of the gods. He was too closely bound to them by the bonds of religion. The actor has only one way left: to move along the stage along with the pedestal without leaving it. To do this, the pedestal was cut into two halves and each of them was tied to the leg. This is how the cothurni were invented.")

As we can see, the theater has reached our days, retaining the basic concepts. A visit to the theater is now holiday, A actor and now plays on a special site stage- before spectators trying to show the whole gamut emotions his character.

The Odeon of Herodes Atticus and the Acoustic Hall at the Mariinsky Theater (Mariinsky-2 )

Ancient Greek actors and actors of the play "Cipollino" ("Taganka Theatre")

Theater is a great miracle.As one of the heroines Tove Jansson said, "the theater is the most important thing in the world, because they show what everyone should be and what they dream of being - however, many do not have the courage for this - and what they are in life."

Serega Pupil (128) 6 years ago

Greek theater was different from modern theater in many ways. First, in Greece there was no permanent troupes, yes and professional actors did not appear immediately. Funding and organization theatrical performance(liturgies) were one of the duties (choregia) of the richest citizens. Secondly, the device itself Greek theater was peculiar and resembled, rather, a modern stadium. The show went on open sky, on a round platform - an orchestra. Benches for spectators were cut right into the rocky slopes of the hill, at the foot of which the orchestra was arranged. This simple auditorium was called by the Greeks the theatron. In such a huge open theater it was impossible to see either the facial expressions of the actors or the details of their costumes, so the actors performed in masks, denoting either the stage type of the character, or state of mind or character. It was also necessary to increase the figure of the actor, who for this put on shoes on ...

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What is the difference modern theater from ancient Greek?

Theater has always been great amount admirers. But in the era of its inception, it was somewhat different from what it is now. So, let's find out what is the difference between modern theater and ancient Greek.

A bit of history

The first performances, the heroes of which tried on various roles, began to be played even before the advent of special places called theaters. It happened in the days mass festivities in honor of Dionysus, the revered god of winemaking. The myths about Dionysus say that spring, and with it the rebirth of life in Greece, begins with the advent of this particular god. He wanders the earth not alone, but surrounded by loyal subjects - satyrs, to the tunes of pipes and flutes.

The holiday was called by the name of God - the Great Dionysius. The Greeks, trying to look like satyrs from myth, put on comical goat masks, dressed in the skins of these horned animals and tied up ...

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Greek theater was different from modern theater in many ways. Firstly, there were no permanent troupes in Greece, and professional actors did not appear immediately. Financing and organizing a theatrical performance (liturgy) was one of the duties (choreia) of the richest citizens. Secondly, the very arrangement of the Greek theater was peculiar and rather resembled a modern stadium. The performance was held in the open air, on a round platform - an orchestra. Benches for spectators were cut right into the rocky slopes of the hill, at the foot of which the orchestra was arranged. This simple auditorium was called by the Greeks the theatron. In such a huge open theater, it was impossible to see either the facial expressions of the actors or the details of their costumes, so the actors performed in masks, denoting either the stage type of the character, or their state of mind or character. It was also necessary to increase the figure of the actor, who for this put on shoes on a high platform (koturny). In the Greek theater there was almost no ...

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What is the difference ancient greek theater from modern

IN ancient theater only men played. The Greek theater differed in many ways from the modern one. Firstly, there were no permanent troupes in Greece, and professional actors did not appear immediately. Financing and organizing a theatrical performance (liturgy) was one of the duties (choreia) of the richest citizens. Secondly, the very arrangement of the Greek theater was peculiar and rather resembled a modern stadium. The performance was held in the open air, on a round platform - an orchestra. Benches for spectators were cut right into the rocky slopes of the hill, at the foot of which the orchestra was arranged. This simple auditorium was called by the Greeks the theatron. In such a huge open theater, it was impossible to see either the facial expressions of the actors or the details of their costumes, so the actors performed in masks, denoting either the stage type of the character, or their state of mind or character. It was also necessary to increase the figure of the actor, who ...

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Answer options:
1)
1. There were no permanent troupes in Greece, and professional actors did not appear immediately.
2. Financing and organizing a theatrical performance (liturgy) was one of the duties (choreia) of the richest citizens
3. The very device of the Greek theater was peculiar and rather resembled a modern stadium.
4. Only men played in the ancient theater
5. There were almost no scenery in the Greek theater. All this limited set of visual means (masks, costumes, lack of scenery, etc.) was associated with the orientation of the entire ancient culture, including the Greek theater, auditory, acoustic ...

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ancient greek theater

COURSE WORK

ancient greek theater

Introduction

Of course, the theater is one of the most mysterious forms of art. This art is on the verge of two worlds, ours and the other world. Before the eyes of the audience, long-dead heroes, “dead” works and all famous stories. That is why they considered it to be demonic and from the devil. But the theater is also a means of propaganda and influence on a person who, watching the performance, subconsciously perceives what the author, director or actor wants to tell him. After all, it is no coincidence that Guiro in his book "Private and public life Greeks" places the section "Dramatic performances" in the chapter "Religion", i.e. an action closely related to the service of the Gods (i.e. associated with other world) and impact on a large number of of people.

Now theatrical life diverse: there are theaters of one actor, theaters where the audience themselves take part in the production and are the characters of the play, theaters, ...

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ANCIENT GREEK THEATER (lesson - excursion)

LESSON PLAN

1. Historical warm-up.

2. What is theater?

- The emergence of the theater.

- The device of the theater.

- Theatrical performances.

- Tragedy and comedy. Aeschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes.

3. Modern theater.

Problem task.

COMPARE MODERN AND ANCIENT GREEK THEATERS.

WHAT IS COMMON AND DIFFERENT?

Historical workout.

1. The emergence of the theater.

At the origins of the Greek theater lay holidays in honor of the god Dionysus (Bacchus), the patron saint of winemaking.

In the autumn, after harvesting the grapes, the Greeks dressed in goat skins and masks, depicting forest satyr gods.

Their processions, bacchanalia, were accompanied by wild dances and dithyrambs-songs glorifying Dionysus.

theater spectacle

1. The emergence of the theater.

In the 6th century BC on these holidays, a script was introduced. So...

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Developmental learning lesson

"Ancient Greek Theatre"

Kovtonyuk Natalia Alekseevna, teacher of history at school No. 6 in Kursk.

IN Lately Increasingly, the teacher turns to the literature on developmental learning - this is the need of the time. Target modern education help children learn to learn. Every 7-10 years the volume scientific information doubles. The student must be able to work with information, acquire knowledge, an information culture, a culture of self-organization, must be formed. Developmental education is in line with this goal.

Developing education is a specially organized, in accordance with the laws of mental development of schoolchildren, education. The purpose of developmental education is to form a person who is able to independently set certain tasks for himself, to find optimal means and ways to solve them. The ultimate goal of this type of education is to provide the conditions for the formation of the child as a subject of educational activity.

The teacher must...

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Purpose: To acquaint with the features of the emergence, arrangement and functioning of the ancient Greek theater; to promote awareness that the ancient Greek theater was an important tool education of the broad masses of the people; develop attentiveness, curiosity, acting abilities of students; to cultivate respect for theatrical art and ancient culture.

Equipment: Plan of arrangement of the ancient Greek theater; depiction of the theater at Priene, the ruins of the theater of Dionysus in Athens.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Motivation for learning activities

teacher's word

Do you remember how Plato called the poetess Sappho? So, the tenth muse. Or do you know who were the 9 muses that existed in ancient Greek mythology?

(From Zeus and Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory, 9 muses were born, patrons of various types of art and science:

Melpomene - the muse of tragedy,

Clio - the muse of history,

Thalia is the muse of comedy

Euterpe is the muse of lyric poetry,

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Ancient theater, its structure and main elements

Introduction

2. Theater architecture

3. Organization of theatrical performances

Conclusion

List of sources and literature

Introduction

Story ancient theater makes it his task to consider how the theater was born and developed near the two great cities of antiquity - the Greeks and the Romans. The Greek theater reached its peak earlier than the Roman one. And the fall of the Western Roman Empire at the end of the fifth century led to the decline of all ancient culture. History of Greco-Roman theater culture based on documents and written sources, covers at least a whole millennium (fifth century BC - fifth century AD). Ancient theater - theatrical art Ancient Greece, ancient rome, as well as a number of countries in the Middle East, whose culture developed under strong Greek influence during the Hellenistic era - a period that began in the 4th century BC. e. And...

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This question was also revealed by numerous myths that glorify the strength of men, but do not forget the beauty of women. §2. The difference between the ancient Greek theater and the modern one (generalization).

Secondly, the very arrangement of the Greek theater was peculiar and rather resembled a modern stadium. The performance was held in the open air, on a round platform - an orchestra. Benches for spectators were cut right into the rocky slopes of the hill, at the foot of which the orchestra was arranged.

This simple auditorium was called by the Greeks the theatron. In such a huge open theater it was impossible to see either the facial expressions of the actors or the details of their costumes, so the actors performed in masks, denoting either a stage type ...

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MBOU "Malo-Lyzinskaya secondary comprehensive school» Baltasinsky municipal district

Republic of Tatarstan

Development of a history lesson ancient world in 5th grade

"Ancient Greek Theatre"

The lesson was developed by the teacher

history and social studies

MBOU "Malo-Lyzinskaya secondary school" Baltasinsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan

Medvedeva N.N.

Theme: Ancient Greek theater

Lesson Objectives:

Educational: to introduce students to the ancient Greek theater, its origin, structure and development.

Developing: developing the ability to compare past and present phenomena, analyze them, and identify stable causal relationships.

Educational: the formation of a morally educated personality, high civic feelings.

Type of lesson: learning new material.

Equipment: tragic and comic masks, ancient Greek theater tickets, a scheme of ancient Greek ...

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1. The origin of the ancient theater

Theater of Ancient Greece

Since ancient times, all the peoples of the world have holidays associated with the annual cycles of dying and rebirth of nature, with the harvest. These holidays gave life to the drama and theater of Greece and Rome.

At the core ancient Greek dramaturgy myths lie. At the Pantheon Greek gods an important place was occupied by Dionysus, or Bacchus, the god of vegetation, fertility, viticulture and winemaking. During noisy festive processions in honor of Dionysus, scenes from his life were played on which dithyrambs (praise songs) were sung. Along with solemn and sad songs, cheerful and often obscene songs were sung. The solemn part of the holiday gave birth to tragedy, cheerful and playful - to comedy. Where there is a game, there must be rules of the game. They also developed gradually. And first important rule there was a division into spectators and actors.

The heyday of the ancient theater falls on the 5th century. BC e. It was at this time that great poets created ...

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Theater at all times had a huge number of admirers. But in the era of its inception, it was somewhat different from what it is now. So, let's find out what is the difference between modern theater and ancient Greek.

A bit of history

The first performances, the heroes of which tried on various roles, began to be played even before the advent of special places called theaters. This happened during the days of mass festivities in honor of Dionysus, the revered god of winemaking. The myths about Dionysus say that spring, and with it the rebirth of life in Greece, begins with the advent of this particular god. He wanders the earth not alone, but surrounded by loyal subjects - satyrs, to the tunes of pipes and flutes.

The holiday was called by the name of God - the Great Dionysius. The Greeks, trying to resemble satyrs from myth, put on comical goat masks, dressed in the skins of these horned animals and tied their beards from wavy oak leaves. The noisy procession moved along the city streets until it reached a spacious square. A singer would separate from the group of mummers and begin in a loud voice to deduce stories about the wanderings of Dionysus. The rest of the participants sang along with him. Then scenes were played before the public, the heroes of which were mythological characters.

Such annual performances were so long-awaited and loved that special places began to be allocated for them. The site was usually equipped at the foot of the hill - sitting or standing on a slope, it was most convenient for the audience to see exciting game actors. This is how the theater was born, which has not only survived to this day, but now appears as an extraordinarily valuable art form.

Comparison

Continuing the conversation, let us dwell in more detail on some points that allow us to compare the theater that existed at different times.

Place of performances

Modern theaters- These are, as a rule, graceful buildings, in the design of which, of course, there is a roof. The interior arrangement includes an auditorium with special seats, a stage with a curtain, backstage.

ancient greek theater- it is specially designed open space. The stage is a round platform, properly called an orchestra. Benches for spectators are hard rocky thresholds carved into the slopes of the hill. The curtain is missing.

Display Frequency

The difference between the modern theater and the ancient Greek is that now performances are offered to the attention of the audience constantly. And the most bright events in this area of art are theater festivals.

In ancient times, actors delighted the audience much less often - only a few times in a whole year. And the Dionysian festivities served as a kind of reference point. By the way, only those who had a ticket, made of lead or baked clay, received the right to observe a bewitching spectacle.

Gender of actors

Nowadays, both men and women have the opportunity to prove themselves in the acting field. In the ancient Greek theater, only men could have such a privilege. Female roles they also performed. This was due to the fact that performances were often dedicated to the gods, and it was considered impermissible to entrust such a responsible mission to women.

Game features

In the modern theater, lighting and other details are organized so that the facial expressions of the actors and important elements their costumes are clearly visible. Therefore, the viewer can easily determine the stage type of each character and catch his state of mind.

There was good audibility in the huge ancient Greek theater, but it was difficult for the public to see many details. In this regard, the actors had to apply special figurative means. One of them was expressive clay masks. Simultaneously with the change of emotions and mood of the hero, the actor also changed the mask.

Staged genres

What is the difference between modern theater and ancient Greek theater, if we compare their genre palette? The fact that now the theater shows the most diverse performances in this regard.

The list of genres of ancient dramaturgy is quite small. This is a tragedy (in such productions, the death of characters often occurs) and a comedy that made the naive and impressionable Greek audience laugh heartily.

Perhaps it's time to start our conversation about theatrical art.

In an introductory article, I want to talk about why people go to the theater, why theatrical art is so attractive, and how it differs from all the others.

Last Friday I opened mine theater season by visiting the premiere performance of one of my favorite theaters. Before the start of the performance, I, as never before, carefully examined the audience, and tried to understand what brought all these people to the theater, for what benefits did they cross the threshold of the temple of Melpomene on this autumn evening?

It should be noted that the target audience of this particular theater is mainly young people - students of philology (two girls were sitting right behind me discussing our common teacher in foreign literature), young couples: the guys are dressed in casual style, the girls are in elegant cocktail dresses, but the older couple discusses the theaters of Moscow, then I watch family outing in the light of an elderly couple with adult children, there are many single spectators who came to appreciate the performance of their favorite theater. Here is such a very inspiring picture appeared before me. It should be noted that this situation is not in all theaters (but we will talk more about this in other publications).

Theater is not just a spectacle, it is a ritual, which begins with studying the repertoire and posters, choosing a performance, buying tickets. Theater is a holiday. You can put on a moderately elegant dress, make up your lips brightly, push your gentleman to dress up in a suit, and not in the usual jeans ... All these fees tell us that going to the theater is way to show yourself and look at others.

Nice bohemian party smart conversations about directing and acting, a glass of champagne in the buffet, looking at the gallery of portraits in the foyer - all this is entertainment that brings ordinary person to the beautiful world. Everyone at such moments can feel like a true connoisseur of art. A person, having escaped from everyday life, work and obligations, tries on new role, and feels different, discovers new facets of his character, enjoys what is elementary broadens the mind.

Going to the theater should be treated like a tasting good wine- not just drink everything in one gulp, but look at the color, feel the aroma, and only then take a sip.

But let's leave aesthetic manners and romantic dates aside, and start getting closer to the essence of the conversation. Theater is very simple and affordable way to touch beauty, live someone else's life, disconnect from everything, try on a story invented by a playwright, enjoy the acting of actors, the work of a director and artist ... Theater is opportunity to live a new life every time.

Yes, you will agree, but what about cinema? It also immerses us in new worlds, and with the help of modern special effects, these worlds can almost be felt. And then I'll remind you that theater is a living art. The performance, although created in advance, is born only before your eyes. Only in the theater is the spectator a direct participant in the creation of the work. Yes, yes, that's exactly it. Because if the artists show a performance in an absolutely empty hall, the act of creativity will not work. The performance exists only at the moment when you look at it. A movie recorded on a cassette can be played at any time, but for the birth of a performance, both the audience and the actor are equally needed. You only have to feel it once. magical transformation how you become a real fan theatrical art. I really want to believe it.

Next, let's take a look at our school years. How teachers of literature enlightened us - rightly so, they arranged a cult trip to theaters where there was always plenty of performances based on works school curriculum. Many of my acquaintances still recall with horror the trips to the three-hour opera Eugene Onegin. I imagine their horror - an unprepared crowd and immediately to the lyric opera! Apparently, the writer was not a very good theater-goer either! But, putting aside the school complexes, I hasten to admit that the theater is a great opportunity, affordable and fast. get to know a lot of works, not only literary, but with amazing plays and musical and choreographic works Same.

And, of course, we go to the theater to watch our favorite actors live. Lucky are those who live in Moscow or St. Petersburg and have the opportunity to go to performances with Yevgeny Mironov, Konstantin Khabensky, Yevgeny Valts and other famous personalities.

But when they bring to us in Omsk, for example, “ white guard» Moscow Art Theater, crowds of people go to this four-hour drama not to appreciate the golden-mask performance, but to touch the "genius" of Khabensokgo and Porechenkov. I still remember how the fans, tired of the dramatic action, nevertheless found energy reserves to start taking the stage by storm right on the bow in order to kiss their favorite movie characters. This, of course, is extreme. But sometimes "actor" trips can greatly expand your repertoire: for example, you liked someone in The Cabal of the Holy Ones, and you decided to go to another performance with this actor, and got into something from the "new drama", or there from McDonagh - and then you might have ended up in the theater networks forever!

More sophisticated viewers go to the director. But this is the next level of theatrical enlightenment. If you start to understand the director's work, to see common places in the productions of the same director, to understand his tasks and decipher his plans, then congratulations - you are a real theatrical specialist!

Here, in fact, are all the main motives of people to visit the theater, which I can recall at the moment))

But do not forget that any cultural trip is not so much an action for the development of your "inner esthete" (this, of course, too), but also an easy way to have a good evening.

So go to the theatre!

And I will conjure over a new publication in which I will talk about theater etiquette And genre diversity stage performances.