And the dawns here are quiet analysis of girls. Review of school programs in literature

The plot and system of images of the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet..."

story vasiliev artistic genre

"War has no female face” is a thesis for many centuries. Very capable of surviving the horror of war strong people Therefore, it is customary to consider war as a man's affair. But the tragedy, the cruelty of the war lies in the fact that along with the men, women also stand up and go to kill and die.

Five completely different girlish characters, five different destinies. Anti-aircraft gunner girls are sent to reconnaissance under the command of foreman Vaskov, who is used to living by the charter. Despite the horrors of war, he retained the best human qualities. He realizes his guilt before them for not being able to save the girls. The death of five girls leaves a deep wound in the heart of the foreman, he cannot find an excuse for her even in his soul. In this sorrow common man concluded the highest humanism.

The behavior of girls is also a feat, because they are completely unadapted to military conditions.

According to the author, the story is based on a real episode during the war, when seven soldiers, after being wounded, served at one of the junction stations of the Adler-Sakhalin railway, did not allow a German sabotage group to blow up railway on this area. After the battle, only a sergeant survived, the commander of a group of Soviet fighters, who after the war was awarded the medal "For Military Merit". “And I thought: this is it! A situation when a person himself, without any order, decides: I won’t let him in! They have nothing to do here! I started working with this plot, I have already written seven pages. And suddenly I realized that nothing would come of it. It will just be a special case in the war. There was nothing fundamentally new in this story. Work is up. And then it suddenly came up - let my hero have not men, but young girls as subordinates. And that's it - the story immediately lined up. Women have the hardest time in war. There were 300 thousand of them at the front! And then no one wrote about them.”

The story is told on behalf of Vaskov. The whole story is based on his memoirs. And it plays important role in the ideological and artistic perception of the story. It is written by a man who went through the whole war, so it is all believable. The author devotes it to the moral problem of the formation and transformation of the character and psyche of the individual in war conditions. The painful theme of the war is shown on the example of the heroes of the story. Each of them has his own attitude to the war, his own motives for fighting the Nazis. And it is these young girls who will have to prove themselves in the conditions of war. Each character Vasiliev has its own flavor and range of feelings. The events that take place make you empathize with each hero. As they said in the war, one life and one death. And all the girls can be called the same real heroines war.

For a more complete disclosure of images, Vasiliev uses such artistic technique like a retrospective. A retrospective review is a reference to the past. Reception of a flashback in fiction(inclusion in the narrative of past events).

It is from the memoirs of the heroes of the story that we learn more about their life before the war, their social correlation and characters. The characters in this story are very different. Each of them is unique, has an inimitable character and a unique destiny, broken by the war. These girls are united by the fact that they live for the same purpose. This goal is to protect the Motherland, protect their families, protect loved ones. And for this you need to destroy the enemy. For some, to destroy the enemy means to fulfill their duty, to avenge the death of their loved ones and relatives.

Let's consider each character separately. Let's start with the commandant Fedot Efgrafovich Vaskov. In this character, we see a lonely person for whom there is nothing left in life except for charters, orders from superiors and the department entrusted to him. The war has taken everything. He lived strictly according to the charter and imposed this charter on everyone who surrounded him. In the life of the commandant, everything changed with the advent of the sent anti-aircraft gunners. In addition to good looks, the newcomers were also sharp-tongued. Despite his noticeable rudeness, Vaskov takes care of all five anti-aircraft gunners. The image of Vaskov throughout the story is reborn. But not only the foreman himself is the reason. The girls also contributed a lot, each in their own way. Fedot Efgrafovich is having a hard time with the death of the girls. He became spiritually attached to each of them, each of the deaths left a scar on his heart. Vaskov's arm was shot through, but his heart ached many times more. He felt guilty for the death of each of the girls. Without losing the pouch, he might have avoided the death of Sonya Gurvich; without sending Lisa Brichkina on an empty stomach and more convincingly forcing her to rest on an island in a swamp, her death could also have been avoided. But was it possible to know all this in advance? You won't get anyone back. And the last request of Rita Osyanina became a real order, which Vaskov simply did not dare to disobey. There is a moment in the story when Vaskov, together with Rita's son, lays flowers on a memorial plaque with the names of all five anti-aircraft gunners. The thirst for revenge ruled Vaskov's mind after the death of Rita Osyanina, who asked to take her little son to her. Vaskov would later replace his father.

The story of Elizaveta Brichkina, who accepted an absurd, but terrible and painful death, is complex. Liza is a silent, somewhat self-contained girl. In the story, Lisa is dreamy and calm, but at the same time serious girl. She lived with her parents on a cordon in the forest. Filled with a sense of hope for happiness and the expectation of a brighter future, she walked through life. She always remembered the parting words of her parents and the promises to her of a happy “tomorrow”. Once in the squad of anti-aircraft gunners, Lisa was calm and reserved. She liked Vaskov. Lisa, without hesitation, asked, along with everyone else, to the squad to search for German saboteurs. Vaskov agreed. For all the time of the journey, Lisa more and more attracted the attention of Vaskov. He told her: “You note everything, Lizaveta, you are a forest man with us ...” (178). Realizing the danger of the situation, when instead of two saboteurs sixteen appeared on the horizon, Vaskov immediately realized who he would send for help. Lisa was in a hurry. She wanted to get help as soon as possible. All the way she thought about the words of Fedot Evgrafovich and warmed herself with the thought that they would definitely fulfill the order and sing. Passing through the swamp, Lisa experienced incredible fear. And this is understandable, because then, when she was walking along with everyone, they would definitely help her if something happened, and now she is alone, in a dead, deaf swamp, where there is not a single living soul who could help her. But Vaskov's words and the proximity of the "cherished stump" (201), which was a guide for Lisa, and therefore solid ground under her feet, warmed up Lisa's soul and lifted her spirits. But the author decides to take a tragic turn of events. Attempts to get out and heart-rending cries for help are in vain. And at the moment when the last moment in Lisa's life has come, the sun appears as a promise of happiness and a symbol of hope. Everyone knows the saying: hope dies last. This is what happened to Lisa. “Liza saw this blue beautiful sky for a long time. Wheezing, she spit out dirt and reached out, reached for him, reached out and believed... And until the last moment she believed that it would be tomorrow for her too...” (202)

Unnecessary was the death of Sonya Gurvich, who, trying to do a good deed, dies from an enemy blade. A student preparing for the summer session is forced to fight the German invaders. She and her parents were Jewish. Sonya got into the group that Vaskov recruited because she knew German. Like Brichkin, Sonya was quiet. She also loved poetry and often read it aloud, either to herself or to her comrades.

Vaskov dropped his commemorative tobacco pouch. Sonya understood his feelings about the loss and decided to help him. Remembering where she saw this pouch, Sonya ran in search of him. Vaskov ordered her to return in a whisper, but Sonya no longer heard him. A German soldier who grabbed her plunged a knife into her chest. Deciding to do a good deed to his boss, Sonya Gurvich passed away.

The death of Sonya was the first loss of the detachment. That is why everyone, especially Vaskov, took her very seriously. Vaskov blamed himself for her death. But nothing could be done. She was buried, and Vaskov removed the buttonholes from her tunic. He will subsequently remove the same buttonholes from all the tunics of the dead girls.

The next three characters can be viewed at the same time. These are the images of Rita Osyanina ( maiden name Mushtakov), Zhenya Komelkova and Gali Chetvertak. These three girls have always stuck together. Young Zhenya was incredibly good-looking. "Laughter" had a difficult life story. Before her eyes, the whole family was killed, a loved one died, so she had her own personal scores with the Germans. She, along with Sonya, fell into the hands of Vaskov a little later than the others, but nevertheless they immediately joined the team. Her friendship with Rita also did not immediately come out, but after a sincere conversation, both girls saw in themselves good friends. Zhenya, with the last bullets, began to lead the Germans away from her wounded friend, giving Vaskov time to help Rita. Zhenya accepted a heroic death. She was not afraid to die. Her last words meant that by killing one soldier, even a girl, they would not kill the whole Soviet Union. Zhenya literally cursed before her death, laying out everything that hurt her.

They also did not immediately accept the nondescript Galya into their “company”. Galya showed herself as good man who will not betray and give the last piece of bread to a comrade. Having managed to keep Rita's secret, Galya became one of them.

Young Galya lived in orphanage. She got to the front by deceit, lying about her age. Galya was very timid. WITH early childhood devoid of maternal warmth and care. She made up stories about her mother, believing that she was not an orphan, that her mother would come back and take her away. Everyone laughed at these stories, and the unfortunate Galya tried to come up with other stories to amuse others.

Gali's death can be called stupid. Giving in to fright, she takes off and runs screaming. A German bullet instantly overtakes her, Galya dies.

Rita Osyanina managed to get married and give birth to a son in her nineteen years. Her husband died in the first days of the war, but she did not know about this and was waiting for him all the time. Rita herself went into anti-aircraft gunners, wanting to avenge her husband. Rita at night began to run away to the city to her son and sick mother, returning in the morning. Once on the same morning, Rita stumbled upon saboteurs.

The death of Rita Osyanina is psychologically the most difficult moment story. B. Vasiliev very accurately conveys the state of a young twenty-year-old girl, who is well aware that her wound is fatal and that, apart from torment, nothing awaits her. But at the same time, she cared about only one thought: she thought about little son, realizing that her timid, sickly mother is unlikely to be able to raise her grandson. The strength of Fedot Vaskov is that he knows how to find the most accurate words at the right time, so you can trust him. And when he says: “Don’t worry, Rita, I understood everything” (243), it becomes clear that he really will never leave little Alik Osyanin, but most likely will adopt him and raise him honest man. The description of the death of Rita Osyanina in the story takes only a few lines. At first, a shot sounded quietly. “Rita shot in the temple, and there was almost no blood. Blue powders densely bordered the bullet hole, and for some reason Vaskov looked at them for an especially long time. Then he took Rita aside and began to dig a hole in the place where she had previously lain. (243)

The tragedy and absurdity of what is happening emphasizes fabulous beauty Legontov Skete, located next to the lake. And here, in the midst of death and blood, "the silence of the grave stood, as much as ringing in the ears." War is an unnatural phenomenon. War becomes doubly terrible when women die, because it is then, according to B. Vasiliev, that “the strings break” (214). The future, fortunately, turns out to be not only “eternal”, but also grateful. It is no coincidence that in the epilogue, a student who came to rest on Legontovo Lake wrote in a letter to a friend: “Here, it turns out, they fought, old man. We fought when we were not yet in the world ... We found a grave - it is behind the river, in the forest ... And the dawns are quiet here, I just saw it today. And clean, clean, like tears...” (246) In B. Vasiliev's story, the world triumphs. The feat of the girls is not forgotten, the memory of them will be an eternal reminder that "war does not have a woman's face."

B.L. Vasiliev in his story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” created figurative system characters. The image of the protagonist of foreman Vaskov is revealed when interacting with the heroines of the story. This comparison allows you to show inner world heroes.

Analysis of the work "The Dawns Here Are Quiet..."

war poem character story

I recently read Boris Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet...". Unusual theme. Unusual, because so much has been written about the war that one book is not enough, if you remember only the titles of books about the war. Unusual, because it never ceases to excite people, reopening old wounds and souls. Unusual, because memory and history merged together in it.

I, like all my peers, do not know war. I do not know and do not want war. But after all, those who died did not want it, not thinking about death, that they would no longer see the sun, or grass, or leaves, or children. Those five girls didn't want war either!

The story of Boris Vasiliev shook me to the core. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Galya Chetvertak. In each of them I find a little of myself, they are close to me. Each of them could be my mother, could tell me about the beautiful, teach me how to live. And I could be in the place of any of them, because I also like to listen to the silence and meet such “quiet, quiet dawns”.

I don't even know which one is closer to me. They are all so different, yet so similar. Rita Osyanina, strong-willed and gentle, rich spiritual beauty. She is the center of their courage, she is the cement of achievement, she is the Mother! Zhenya... Zhenya, Zhenya, cheerful, funny, beautiful, mischievous to adventures, desperate and tired of war, of pain, of love, long and painful, for a distant and married man. Sonya Gurvich is the embodiment of an excellent student and a poetic nature - a “beautiful stranger”, who came out of a volume of poetry by Alexander Blok. Lisa Brichkina... “Oh, Liza-Lizaveta, you should study!” Learn to see Big city with its theaters and concert halls, its libraries and art galleries. And you, Liza... The war got in the way! Do not find your happiness, do not write lectures to you: I did not have time to see everything that I dreamed about! Galya Chetvertak, never matured, funny and awkwardly childish girl. Notes, escape from orphanage and also dreams... to become new love Orlova.

None of them had time to fulfill their dreams, they just did not have time to live their own lives. Death was different for everyone, just as their fates were different: Rita had an effort of will and a shot in the temple; Zhenya's is desperate and a little reckless, she could hide and stay alive, but she did not hide; at Sonya - a dagger stab at poetry; Gali's is as painful and merciless as she herself; from Liza - “Ah, Liza-Lizaveta, she didn’t have time, she couldn’t overcome the quagmire of war ...”.

And there remains the foreman of the Basques, whom I have not mentioned yet, alone. Alone in the midst of pain, flour; one with death, one with three prisoners. Is it one? He has five times more strength now. And what was best in him, human, but hidden in his soul, everything was suddenly revealed, and what he experienced, he felt for himself and for them, for his girls, his “sisters”.

How the foreman laments: “How can we live now? Why is it so? After all, they don’t need to die, but give birth to children, because they are mothers!” Tears well up as you read these lines.

But one must not only cry, one must also remember, because the dead do not leave the lives of those who loved them. They just do not age, remaining forever young in the hearts of people.

Why, then, is this particular work memorable to me? Probably because this writer is one of best writers our time. Probably because Boris Vasiliev managed to turn the theme of the war to that unusual facet, which is perceived especially painfully. After all, we, including myself, are used to combining the words “war” and “men”, but here women, girls and war. Vasiliev managed to build the plot in such a way, to tie everything together in such a way that it is difficult to single out individual episodes, this story is a single whole, merged. A beautiful and inseparable monument: five girls and a foreman, who stood in the middle of the Russian land: forests, swamps, lakes - against an enemy, strong, hardy, mechanically killing, who significantly exceeds them in number. But they did not let anyone through, they stood and stand, poured out of hundreds and thousands similar fates, deeds, from all the pain and strength of the Russian people.

Women, Russian women who won the war and death! And each of them lives in me and other girls, we just don't notice it. We walk the streets, we talk, we think, we dream like them, but there comes a moment, and we feel confidence, their confidence: “There is no death! There is life and struggle for Happiness and for Love!”

Composition

About the cruelty and inhumanity of war, B.L. Vasiliev’s amazing story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” about girls - anti-aircraft gunners and their commander Vaskov. Five girls, together with their commander, go to meet the fascists - saboteurs, who were noticed in the forest in the morning by Rita Osyanina. There were only 19 fascists, and all of them are well armed and prepared for operations behind enemy lines. And so, in order to prevent the impending sabotage, Vaskov, along with the girls, goes on a mission.
Sonya Gurvich, Jackdaw Chetvertachok, Liza Brichkini, Zhenya Komelkova, Rita Ovsyanina - here they are, the fighters of a small detachment.
Each of the girls carries some vital beginning, and together they represent feminine life, and their presence in the war is as disharmonious as the sounds of shooting on the shore of Lake Ferapontov.
It is impossible to read the story without tears. How terrible it is when the girls, whom nature itself intended for life, are forced to defend their Fatherland with weapons in their hands. This is the fundamental idea of Boris Vasiliev's story. It tells about a feat, about a feat of girls who defend their love and youth, their family, their homeland and did not spare their lives for this. Each of the girls could live, raise children, bring joy to people ... But there was a war. None of them had time to fulfill their dreams, they did not have time to live their own lives.
Woman and war are incompatible concepts, if only because a woman gives life, while any war is, first of all, murder. It was difficult for any person to take the life of his own kind, but what was it like for a woman in whom, according to B. Vasiliev, hatred for murder is inherent in her very nature? In his story, the writer showed very well what it was like for a girl to kill for the first time, even an enemy. Rita Osyanina hated the Nazis quietly and mercilessly. But it's one thing to wish someone dead, and quite another to kill yourself. When I killed the first one, I almost died, by golly. The bastard dreamed for a month ... ”In order to calmly kill, you had to get used to it, to harden your soul ... This is also a feat and at the same time a huge sacrifice of our women, who, for the sake of life on earth, had to step over themselves, go against their nature.
B. Vasiliev shows that the source of the feat was love for the Motherland, which needed protection. It seems to Sergeant Major Vaskov that the position that he and the girls take is the most important. And he had such a feeling, as if it was behind his back that all of Russia had converged, as if it was he who was her last son and a protector. And there was no one else in the whole world: only he, the enemy, and Russia.
The story of the staninstruktor Tamara speaks in the best way possible about the mercy of our women. Stalingrad. The most, most fights. Tamara was dragging two wounded (in turn), and suddenly, when the smoke cleared a little, she, to her horror, found herself dragging one of our tankers and one German. The instructor knew perfectly well that if she left the German, he would die from blood loss in just a few hours. And she continued to drag both of them ... Now, when Tamara Stepanovna recalls this incident, she does not cease to be surprised at herself. “I am a doctor, I am a woman ... And I saved my life” - this is how she simply and uncomplicatedly explains her, one might say, heroic deed. And we can only admire these girls who went through all the hell of the war and did not "harden their souls", remained so humane. This, in my opinion, is also a feat. moral victory- our greatest victory in this terrible war.
All five girls die, but they complete the task: the Germans did not pass. And although their battle with the Nazis was only "local", but it was thanks to such people that the a great victory. Hatred of enemies helped Vaskov and the heroines of the story to accomplish their feat. In this struggle, they were driven by a sense of humanity, which makes them fight against evil.

The foreman is having a hard time with the death of the girls. All of it human soul can't deal with it. He thinks about what they will definitely ask from them, soldiers, after the war: “Why couldn’t you, men, protect our mothers from bullets? Were they married with death? And finds no answer. Vaskov's heart hurts because he laid down all five girls. And in the grief of this uneducated soldier - the highest human feat. And the reader feels the writer's hatred for the war and pain for something else that few people wrote about - for broken threads human birth.
In my opinion, every moment of the war is already a feat. And Boris Vasiliev only confirmed this with his story.

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Introduction

Conclusion

Introduction

Events of the Great Patriotic War further and further into the past. But the years do not erase them from our memory. Herself historical situation brought to life great deeds human spirit. The authors of books about the war explored military everyday life, authentically depicted battles, they also spoke about courage. native land, about priceless human life, how ordinary people those who have a conscience and a sense of duty to the Motherland, sacrificed themselves. One of these writers is Boris Lvovich Vasiliev.

At the age of seventeen, he volunteered for the front. In 1943, after a shell shock, he entered the military-technical academy of armored and mechanized troops. After graduating in 1948, he worked as a test engineer for combat vehicles. In 1954 he left the army and took up professional literary activity. B. L. Vasiliev began to publish his works in 1954. Fame brought him the story of 1969 "The dawns here are quiet." More than 15 films have been made based on books and scripts by Boris Vasiliev.

The war in the image of front-line prose writers is not so much heroic deeds, outstanding deeds, but tedious hard and bloody work, vital, and victory depended on how everyone in their place performed it.

The essence of war contradicts human nature and especially feminine nature. There has never been a single war in the world that women would have unleashed, their participation in a war has never been considered normal and natural. A woman in war is an inexhaustible topic. It is this motif that runs through the story of Boris Vasilyev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet..."

The aim of this work is to determine artistic originality works by B.L. Vasiliev “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…”. To achieve it, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

To study the literature related to this topic;

Identify the means by which images are created;

Reveal genre features works.

The topic under study is relevant because of the necessary attitude to this issue. The reader's interest in this kind of literature is shown. It is important to understand the significance of this topic as a literary unit in the general cultural process. The novelty of this work is due to the insufficient study of the work of B.L. Vasiliev. The object of the work is the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet...". The subject of the work will be the artistic originality of the story.

1. The plot and system of images of the story "The dawns here are quiet ..."

story vasiliev artistic genre

"War has no woman's face" has been a thesis for many centuries. Very strong people are capable of surviving the horror of war, therefore it is customary to consider war as a man's business. But the tragedy, the cruelty of the war lies in the fact that along with the men, women also stand up and go to kill and die.

Five completely different girlish characters, five different destinies. Anti-aircraft gunner girls are sent to reconnaissance under the command of foreman Vaskov, who is used to living by the charter. Despite the horrors of the war, he retained the best human qualities. He realizes his guilt before them for not being able to save the girls. The death of five girls leaves a deep wound in the heart of the foreman, he cannot find an excuse for her even in his soul. In the sorrow of this simple man lies the highest humanism.

The behavior of girls is also a feat, because they are completely unadapted to military conditions.

According to the author, the story is based on a real episode during the war, when seven soldiers, after being wounded, serving at one of the junction stations of the Adler-Sakhalin railway, did not allow a German sabotage group to blow up the railway in this section. After the battle, only a sergeant survived, the commander of a group of Soviet fighters, who after the war was awarded the medal "For Military Merit". “And I thought: this is it! A situation when a person himself, without any order, decides: I won’t let him in! They have nothing to do here! I started working with this plot, I have already written seven pages. And suddenly I realized that nothing would come of it. It will just be a special case in the war. There was nothing fundamentally new in this story. Work is up. And then it suddenly came up - let my hero have not men, but young girls as subordinates. And that's it - the story immediately lined up. Women have the hardest time in war. There were 300 thousand of them at the front! And then no one wrote about them.”

The story is told on behalf of Vaskov. The whole story is based on his memoirs. And this plays an important role in the ideological and artistic perception of the story. It is written by a man who went through the whole war, so it is all believable. The author devotes it to the moral problem of the formation and transformation of the character and psyche of the individual in war conditions. The painful theme of the war is shown on the example of the heroes of the story. Each of them has his own attitude to the war, his own motives for fighting the Nazis. And it is these young girls who will have to prove themselves in the conditions of war. Each character Vasiliev has its own flavor and range of feelings. The events that take place make you empathize with each hero. As they said in the war, one life and one death. And all the girls can equally be called the true heroines of the war.

For a more complete disclosure of images, Vasiliev uses such an artistic technique as a retrospective. A retrospective review is a reference to the past. Reception of retrospection in fiction (inclusion in the narration of past events).

The story of Elizaveta Brichkina, who accepted an absurd, but terrible and painful death, is complex. Liza is a silent, somewhat self-contained girl. In the story, Lisa is a dreamy and calm, but at the same time a serious girl. She lived with her parents on a cordon in the forest. Filled with a sense of hope for happiness and the expectation of a brighter future, she walked through life. She always remembered the parting words of her parents and the promises to her of a happy “tomorrow”. Once in the squad of anti-aircraft gunners, Lisa was calm and reserved. She liked Vaskov. Lisa, without hesitation, asked, along with everyone else, to the squad to search for German saboteurs. Vaskov agreed. For all the time of the journey, Lisa more and more attracted the attention of Vaskov. He told her: “You note everything, Lizaveta, you are a forest man with us ...” (178). Realizing the danger of the situation, when instead of two saboteurs sixteen appeared on the horizon, Vaskov immediately realized who he would send for help. Lisa was in a hurry. She wanted to get help as soon as possible. All the way she thought about the words of Fedot Evgrafovich and warmed herself with the thought that they would definitely fulfill the order and sing. Passing through the swamp, Lisa experienced incredible fear. And this is understandable, because then, when she was walking along with everyone, they would definitely help her if something happened, and now she is alone, in a dead, deaf swamp, where there is not a single living soul who could help her. But Vaskov's words and the proximity of the "cherished stump" (201), which was a guide for Lisa, and therefore solid ground under her feet, warmed up Lisa's soul and lifted her spirits. But the author decides to take a tragic turn of events. Attempts to get out and heart-rending cries for help are in vain. And at the moment when the last moment in Lisa's life has come, the sun appears as a promise of happiness and a symbol of hope. Everyone knows the saying: hope dies last. This is what happened to Lisa. “Liza saw this blue beautiful sky for a long time. Wheezing, she spit out dirt and reached out, reached for him, reached out and believed... And until the last moment she believed that it would be tomorrow for her too...” (202)

The next three characters can be viewed at the same time. These are the images of Rita Osyanina (Mushtakov's maiden name), Zhenya Komelkova and Gali Chetvertak. These three girls have always stuck together. Young Zhenya was incredibly good-looking. "Laughter" had a difficult life story. Before her eyes, the whole family was killed, a loved one died, so she had her own personal scores with the Germans. She, along with Sonya, fell into the hands of Vaskov a little later than the others, but nevertheless they immediately joined the team. With Rita, she also did not immediately become friends, but after a sincere conversation, both girls saw good friends in themselves. Zhenya, with the last bullets, began to lead the Germans away from her wounded friend, giving Vaskov time to help Rita. Zhenya accepted a heroic death. She was not afraid to die. Her last words meant that by killing one soldier, even a girl, they would not kill the entire Soviet Union. Zhenya literally cursed before her death, laying out everything that hurt her.

They also did not immediately accept the nondescript Galya into their “company”. Galya showed herself as a good person who will not betray and give the last piece of bread to a friend. Having managed to keep Rita's secret, Galya became one of them.

Young Galya lived in an orphanage. She got to the front by deceit, lying about her age. Galya was very timid. From early childhood deprived of maternal warmth and care. She made up stories about her mother, believing that she was not an orphan, that her mother would come back and take her away. Everyone laughed at these stories, and the unfortunate Galya tried to come up with other stories to amuse others.

Gali's death can be called stupid. Giving in to fright, she takes off and runs screaming. A German bullet instantly overtakes her, Galya dies.

The death of Rita Osyanina is psychologically the most difficult moment in the story. B. Vasiliev very accurately conveys the state of a young twenty-year-old girl, who is well aware that her wound is fatal and that, apart from torment, nothing awaits her. But at the same time, she cared about only one thought: she thought about her little son, realizing that her timid, sickly mother was unlikely to be able to raise her grandson. The strength of Fedot Vaskov is that he knows how to find the most accurate words at the right time, so you can trust him. And when he says: “Don’t worry, Rita, I understood everything” (243), it becomes clear that he really will never leave little Alik Osyanin, but will most likely adopt him and bring him up as an honest person. The description of the death of Rita Osyanina in the story takes only a few lines. At first, a shot sounded quietly. “Rita shot in the temple, and there was almost no blood. Blue powders densely bordered the bullet hole, and for some reason Vaskov looked at them for an especially long time. Then he took Rita aside and began to dig a hole in the place where she had previously lain. (243)

The tragedy and absurdity of what is happening is emphasized by the fabulous beauty of Legontov Skete, located next to the lake. And here, in the midst of death and blood, "the silence of the grave stood, as much as ringing in the ears." War is an unnatural phenomenon. War becomes doubly terrible when women die, because it is then, according to B. Vasiliev, that “the strings break” (214). The future, fortunately, turns out to be not only “eternal”, but also grateful. It is no coincidence that in the epilogue, a student who came to rest on Legontovo Lake wrote in a letter to a friend: “Here, it turns out, they fought, old man. We fought when we were not yet in the world ... We found a grave - it is behind the river, in the forest ... And the dawns are quiet here, I just saw it today. And clean, clean, like tears...” (246) In B. Vasiliev's story, the world triumphs. The feat of the girls is not forgotten, the memory of them will be an eternal reminder that "war does not have a woman's face."

B.L. Vasiliev in his story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ..." created a figurative system of characters. The image of the protagonist of foreman Vaskov is revealed when interacting with the heroines of the story. This comparison allows you to show the inner world of the characters.

2. Artistic originality of the story

By genre definition“And the dawns here are quiet ...” - a story. Most often, this is the story of one human life, which inevitably comes into contact with the fate of other people, told on behalf of the author or the hero himself. We learn the life of the protagonist from his own memories, which he was inspired by "thoughts" after the arrival of young anti-aircraft gunners at his disposal. The author describes the life of Vaskov laconic, pointing out only certain life events. Fedot Efgrafovich lost his father early. I was forced to go to work, graduating from only 4 classes of school. Despite all the hardships, he persevered. Married, left to fight in Finnish. Vaskov considered his life calm, here at the 171st junction. But everything changed with the new arrival: “Sergeant Vaskov lived peacefully. Quiet to this very day. And now ... The foreman sighed. ”(148). Having met young anti-aircraft gunners in his life, watching them and realizing that their place is not in the war, Fedot Efgrafovich became more sentimental. Only once Vaskov remembered something tender, kind and happy from childhood. More precisely dreamed. And this was connected with the image of the mother “but it seemed that she was lying on the stove ... and I saw my mother: nimble, small, that for many years she had been sleeping in snatches, in some pieces, as if stealing them from her peasant life” (176)

In his story, Boris Lvovich often uses the use of opposing conjunctions "a" and "but". Even the title of the story begins with "a". This makes us understand that the work will deal with something that contradicts the quiet summer dawns. “And the dawns here are quiet, quiet…” are repeated repeatedly in the text. Thus begins chapter 3, which describes the nightly return of Rita. It was on this night that she saw the saboteurs, which was the reason for the campaign of the group at the disposal of Vaskov. The next time we can see this combination during the night of the heroes in the forest, “it’s damp here in the evening, and the dawns are quiet, and therefore you can hear it as far as five miles away” (178). By this phrase, we can judge all the tension that builds up the atmosphere. We understand that the fatal outcome of events is not far off. The story ends with the words from the student's letter "And the dawns here are quiet, quiet, only now I saw ..." (246). From them we understand how, in the midst of such calmness, we could fight. How unnatural it is to violate the harmony created by nature itself by cruel and barbaric deeds.

There is something opposite in the fate of each of the heroines. Before the war, they all dreamed, lived, loved ... but the war came. And they, completely different, by the will of fate ended up here at the 171st siding. On the other hand, the use of the union "a" gives us the opportunity to consider in detail the fate of the heroes. The author, masterfully using this technique, shows the internal experiences of the characters in the smallest possible passage of text. This is especially clearly seen in the scene after the girls bathed in front of the saboteurs on the example of Zhenya Komelkova: “Zhenya pulled his hand, he sat down next to him and suddenly saw that she was smiling, and her eyes, wide open, were full of horror, like tears, and this horror is alive and heavy as mercury."(193)

At the same time, B. Vasiliev uses "a" as a particle, with the help of which tragedy and awareness of inevitability are enhanced. The author, using this non-independent part of speech, artificially escalates any situation, focusing the reader's attention on it. So, for example, the pre-war life of Rita Osyanina is described. And then…Yes, then he went to see her off.”(148) Here, as it were, the author shows us the systematic, everyday course of Rita's pre-war life, and with her, many other girls similar to her. And it becomes clear that such girls had to face the terrible reality of war. “And that shore was silent.” (192), “and time passed ...” (218), “but help didn’t come and go” (221) - this is how the author conveys the painful and long expectations of the denouement of this story, the hopes of the heroes for salvation .

special role in the system artistic expressiveness B.L.Vasiliev gives the portrait of his heroes. Portrait - a description of the character's appearance, which plays a certain role in his characterization; one of the means of creating an image. Typically, a portrait illustrates those aspects of the hero's nature that seem especially important to the author. He describes the girls through the eyes of foreman Vaskov, an inveterate warrior who has lived all his life "according to the charter." We understand how tenderly and touchingly the author himself relates to anti-aircraft gunners. From Vaskov’s thoughts, we can see that the girls are not ready to fight, they are not made for war, since “boots on a thin stocking” (162) and “footcloths are wound like scarves” (162), and this “guard” was sent (162): “Rifles almost drag on the ground” (162). The author assigns a special place to such a portrait feature as the eyes, uses a variety of epithets. The eyes reflect the inner world of the hero, his spirituality and determine the character. So, on the one hand, Komelkova has “childish eyes: green, round, like saucers” (151), and on the other, “dangerous eyes, like whirlpools” (177), “eyes of incredible power, like a 152-millimeter howitzer gun” (177) . If the first definition belongs to the girls when meeting Zhenya even before arriving at the 171st junction, then the other two are Vaskov's notes at the moment of danger. The author shows how the eyes of the same person change in different periods life. It can be seen how a young girl becomes a woman, and then in a moment of danger is a deadly weapon. And this is confirmed when she cracks down on the German who killed Sonya Gurvich “and here, after all, a woman beat her living head with a butt, a woman, a future mother, in whom the very nature of hatred for murder is embedded” (212). You can also judge Eugene by the eyes, as a desperate nature, an open soul and an unfading spirit. The whole family was shot in front of her eyes. Zhenya survived thanks to one Estonian woman who hid her. But, despite all the vicissitudes of life, Evgenia Komelkova always remained sociable and mischievous.

An interesting image of Galya Chetvertak "and sad eyes, like a heifer's: anyone will be blamed" (179). She grew up in an orphanage, but she didn't want to admit it. Galya constantly lived in the world she invented, she was constantly in dreams, the other girls supported her, not exposing her friend in a lie. Only once Rita sharply said that they know the whole truth about Galya. It was at the time of Sonya's funeral, and Galya “cried. Bitterly, offended - as if a child's toy was broken ... "(215). B. Vasiliev shows how naive and sensitive Galya Chetvertak was as a child. How she wanted to be happy, to have her own home and people close to her. She saw life at the front as somehow romantic and interesting, which is why she was so eager to go there. But little Galya was not immediately taken to the front, she did not despair and resolutely walked towards her goal. But having got to the 171st junction, on this campaign, having seen the first deaths, she is aware of this reality and does not want to accept it “she always lived in an imaginary world more actively than in the real one, and now she would like to forget everything, erase it from memory, she wanted - and could not. And this gave rise to a dull, cast-iron horror, and she walked under the yoke of this horror, no longer understanding anything ”(222).

The author actively uses various means of expression in his prose. One of them is artistic detail(French detail - part, detail) - a particularly significant, highlighted element artistic image, an expressive detail in a work that carries a significant semantic and ideological and emotional load. A detail is capable of conveying the maximum amount of information with the help of a small text volume, with the help of a detail in one or a few words you can get the most vivid idea of the character (his appearance or psychology), interior, environment. So in the story, Vasiliev uses a costume to reveal the characters of the heroes. The suit is the most delicate, true and unmistakable indicator hallmarks society, a small particle of a person, lifestyle, thoughts, occupations, professions. “I lived with a belt. Tightened to the very last hole. So the author writes about Rita Osyanina. And immediately a person appears who is strict with himself and others. So it turns out. Rita, having lost her husband, went to the front to take revenge "and she learned to hate quietly and mercilessly" (150). There is an emotional restraint in her, she even gets angry when others are having fun, because she considers her friends "green" (150), who have not seen anything in life yet.

Evgenia Komelkova has a completely different character. Zhenya is always in a hospitable mood, she is open-hearted and very optimistic. “Beautiful underwear was Zhenya's weakness. Young, light, flirtatious…”

According to the description of Sonya Gurvich, it is immediately clear that she is modest, shy, grew up in a family of intellectuals “she wore dresses altered from the dresses of her sisters. Long and heavy, like chain mail ... Not for long, however, wore: only a year. And then I put on a uniform. And the boots are two sizes too big” (206). By this, the author shows that Sonya is not at all ready to fight. This is emphasized by the way Vaskov perceives it. His attitude towards Sonya is read in the lines: “Ah, you sparrow scumbag, is it possible for you to grieve on a hunchback?”

In his story, B. Vasiliev, describing the heroines, shows his reverent attitude towards them, respect and pities each of them. A completely different attitude of the author to the image of the enemy. Here he is not verbose. Vasiliev's enemy is impersonal, and therefore soulless, just “gray-green figures” (183), “... he saves himself, the skin is fascist. He doesn't care about the dying man, the order, the friends... Yes, the Fritz turned out to be not a hero when death looked into his eyes. Not a hero at all…” (233). The condition during the battle of the girls who were not afraid to die is described in a completely different way. “They beat - it means they are alive. It means that they keep their front, their Russia. They are holding!..” (237). All these words are imbued with a sense of pride and love for the author, both for his heroes and for his homeland. Reading these lines, you imagine how much you need to have internal forces to, overcoming the fear of death, to protect themselves and their neighbors.

“Behind the pine forest lay the mossy, boulder-covered gently sloping shore of Lake Legontov. The forest began, retreating from it, on a hillock, and a gnarled birch forest and rare round dances of Christmas trees led to it ”(203). This is how Vaskov saw the place where the saboteurs were, where the anti-aircraft gunners were destined to die. The fog “helped” (227) hide the heroes from saboteurs in the evenings, while “it is damp here in the evening, and the dawns are quiet, and therefore you can hear it as far as five miles away” (178). The annoying mosquitoes that constantly annoyed Vaskov in ambush "ate mosquitoes, drank blood, and he was even afraid to blink" (232). The description of nature enhances the emotional intensity of both the characters and the reader. The picture of the spring cold forest is vividly presented. A particularly striking characteristic of the swamp is when Liza Brichkina dies: "An eerie lonely cry rang for a long time over the indifferent rusty swamp."

The author uses elements of sentimentalism. The hero in sentimentalism is more individualized, his inner world is enriched by the ability to empathize, sensitively respond to what is happening around. The landscape in the works receives an emotional characteristic - it is not just a passionless background against which events unfold, but a piece of wildlife, as if rediscovered by the author, felt by him, perceived not by the mind, not by the eyes, but by the heart.

Conclusion

Working in the traditions of Russian military prose, Vasiliev enriched the theme with new plot collisions, for the first time introducing his front-line heroes into the framework of historical time, showed the dialectical unity of Time and Space, thus expanding the scope of the problematic. The author is perhaps the first, using elements of sentimentalism and romanticism in the literature of the late 20th century, to achieve the effect of catharsis, when, purged with tears, indignant in many ways from unexpected death hero, earnestly grieving for him, the reader eventually comes to the conclusion that good is indestructible, and good people yet the majority.

The temporal space of Vasiliev's prose often organizes the causal and psychological connection of events, forming their complex interweaving. The writer purposefully expresses the continuity of the chain of temporal layers in the fate of a person, the relationship of macro- and microworlds, shows and explains both the personality in time and the time in it. Through the artistic "autobiographical space" the author captures the swiftness and depth of the events taking place, the dialectic of feelings, the inner experiences of the characters, their spiritual and moral insight. Author's time -- effective form expressions of the internal concept and artistic and aesthetic position.

B.L.Vasiliev with the help of variety artistic means, through the system of images he created in his story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ..." showed the influence on human destiny tragedy of war. Inhumanity and unnaturalness are emphasized in the way quiet dawns, symbolizing eternity and beauty in the land where thin threads are torn women's lives“After all, I put you, I put all five of you ...” (242). Vasiliev "kills" girls to show the impossibility of women's existence in a war. Women in war perform feats, lead on the attack, save the wounded from death, sacrificing own life. They don't think of themselves when saving others. In order to protect their homeland and avenge their loved ones, they are ready to give their last strength. “And the Germans wounded her blindly, through the foliage, and she could have hidden, waited out and, maybe, left. But she shot while there were bullets. She shot lying down, no longer trying to run away, because strength was leaving along with the blood ”(241).

Each of these girls “could give birth to children, and those would have grandchildren and great-grandchildren, and now there will be no this thread. A small thread of the endless yarn of humanity, cut with a knife” (214). This is the tragedy of the fate of women in war.

B.L. Vasiliev, recalling his first years at the front, said in an interview with the Mir News newspaper: “In the morning we were awakened by a deafening roar, the city was on fire ... we rushed to the forest, four out of nine guys ran up ... they started bombing and shooting people. I saw a picture that continues to torment me in nightmares today: women and children pressed to the ground, digging it with their hands, trying to hide ... ". Do not these words reflect the attitude of the front-line writer, and indeed just a person, to the whole monstrous essence of the war? We need to know at what cost our happiness was won. To know and remember those girls from Boris Vasiliev's story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…”, who looked death in the eyes, defending their homeland.

Many generations, reading this story by Vasiliev, will remember the heroic struggle of Russian women in this war, they will feel pain. B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet..." was translated into 26 languages of the world, which indicates a high reader's interest. The feat of those who fought and defeated fascism is immortal. The memory of their feat will live forever in the hearts and literature.

List of used literature

1. Vasiliev B. And the dawns here are quiet ... - M .: Eksmo, 2011.

3. B. Vasiliev. To remember // World of news, 2003.- 14(1005)

4. Bakhtin M. M. Questions of literature and aesthetics. M., 1975

5. Bakhtin M. M. Tetralogy. M., 1998

6. Belaya G. A. Art world modern prose. M., 1983

7. Guralnik 3. Poetics of B. Vasiliev's military prose in the historical and literary context of the 60s-70s. --Thesis. -- L., 1990. -- S. 19.

8. Polyakov M. Rhetoric and literature. Theoretical aspects. - In the book: Questions of Poetics and Artistic Semantics. - M.: Sov. writer, 1978.

9. Timofeev L.I. and Turaev S.V. Concise Dictionary literary terms. A manual for secondary school students.-M.: Education, 1978.

10. Small academic dictionary. -- M.: Institute of the Russian Language of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Evgenyeva A. P. 1957--1984

11. Literary criticism: Reference materials. - M., 1988.

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And the dawns here are quiet...

Boris Vasiliev - famous writer, in the past a participant in the Great Patriotic War. He saw with his own eyes the cruelty and horrors of the war, he knows firsthand what later, in Peaceful time decided to tell my readers. His the best works, in my opinion, “I didn’t appear on the lists” and “The dawns here are quiet.”

Behind Lately many talented and truthful stories have been written, but B. Vasiliev's stories are not lost in all the variety of military subjects. This is primarily due to the bright and heroic images created by the author.

“The Dawns Here Are Quiet” - a story about women in the war. Many works are devoted to this topic, but this one is special. The story is written without excessive sentimentality, in a tough laconic manner. She tells about the events of 1942.

German saboteurs are thrown into the location of the anti-aircraft machine-gun battery, commanded by the Basque foreman. At first, the foreman thinks that there are two Germans, so he decides to destroy the Nazis with the help of his unit, in which there are only girls.

Five anti-aircraft gunners were selected for this task. The foreman performs the task, but at what cost?!

Basque - a participant in the Finnish war, knows the area where the saboteurs go. Therefore, he confidently leads his unusual fighters to complete the task. At first, the girls had a low opinion of their commander: “a mossy stump, twenty words in reserve, and even those from the charter.” The danger brought all six together, revealed extraordinary spiritual qualities foreman, ready to take on any difficulties, but only to save the girls.

Undoubtedly, Basque is the core of the story. He knows a lot and knows how, he has front-line experience, which he is trying to pass on to his fighters. He is laconic and appreciates only deeds. The foreman absorbed best qualities defender, soldier, thanks to the feat of such Vaskovs, a victory was won.

The assistant foreman in the group was Sergeant Osyanina. Baskov immediately singled her out among others: “Strict, never laughs.” The foreman was not mistaken - Rita fought skillfully, she avenged her dead border guard husband, for her ruined life, for the desecrated Motherland. Before her inevitable death, Rita tells the foreman about her son. From now on, she entrusts the boy to Vaskov, a reliable and congenial person.

Zhenya Komelkova has her own scores to settle with the Germans. She saves the foreman and the group three times: first, at the canal, stopping the Germans from crossing. Then he stabbed the German who was attacking Vaskov. And, finally, at the cost of her life, she saved the wounded Rita, leading the Nazis further into the forest. The author admires the girl: “Tall, red-haired, white-skinned. And the children's eyes are green, round, like saucers. Sociable, mischievous, a favorite of others, Komelkova sacrificed herself for the sake of a common cause - the destruction of saboteurs.

All of them - Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich, Chetvertak, Rita Osyanina and Zhenya Komelkova - died, but the foreman Basque, shocked by such losses, brought the matter to an end.

This Russian soldier was on the verge of insanity. He realized that he would not live if he allowed the Nazis to fulfill their plan. No, he must finish what he started. The author showed that there is no limit to human capabilities. The Basque does not so much take revenge on the enemies for the murdered girls, as he fulfills his military duty.

He was able to survive, go through the war and stay alive in order to raise his son Rita Osyanina, in order to justify his life for the dead girls.

It's not easy to live with such a burden, but it strong man. The merit of B. Vasiliev as a writer is that he was able to create an image of the heroic generation of our fathers and grandfathers.