Essay on the story The Captain's Daughter. Pushkin: The Captain's Daughter

Pushkin: Captain's daughter

Chapter 1

Sergeant of the Guard

The chapter opens with a biography of Pyotr Grinev: his father served, retired, the family had 9 children, but all, except for Pyotr, died in infancy. Even before his birth, Grinev was enrolled in the Semenov regiment. Until he came of age, he was considered on vacation. The boy is brought up by uncle Savelyich, under whose guidance Petrusha masters Russian literacy and learns to judge the merits of a greyhound dog. Later, the Frenchman Beaupre was assigned to him, who was supposed to teach the boy in French, German and other sciences, but he did not engage in Petrusha's upbringing, but drank and walked around the girls'. The father soon discovers this and kicks the Frenchman out. When Peter is in his seventeenth year, his father sends him to the service, but not to Petersburg, as his son hoped, but to Orenburg. Parting words to his son, the father orders to take care of his dress again, and honor from a young age. Upon arrival in Simbirsk, Grinev meets the captain Zurin in a tavern, who teaches him to play billiards, gets drunk and wins 100 rubles from him. Grinev behaved like a boy breaking free. The next morning, Zurin demands a win. Grinev, who wants to show his character, forces Savelyich, despite his protests, to give out money and, ashamed, leaves Simbirsk.

Chapter 2

counselor

On the way, Gritsev asks Savelich for forgiveness for his stupid behavior. On the way they are caught by a storm. They go off the road. They meet a man whose sharpness and subtlety of instinct amaze Grinev, the man asks to take them to the nearest dwelling. In the wagon, Grinev has a dream that he arrives at the estate, finds his father dying. Peter approaches him for a blessing and sees instead of his father a man with a black beard. Mother assures Grinev that this is his imprisoned father. The man jumps up, starts swinging his ax, the room is filled with dead bodies. The peasant smiles and calls to Peter under his blessing. At the inn, Grinev looks at the counselor. He was about forty, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered. There was gray in his black beard, and his large, lively eyes were running about. His face had an expression rather pleasant, but roguish. His hair was cut in a circle, he was wearing a tattered coat and Tatar trousers. The counselor speaks with the owner in an allegorical language: He flew into the garden, pecked hemp; grandmother threw a pebble, but past. Grinev brings a glass of wine to the counselor, gives him a rabbit sheepskin coat. From Orenburg, an old friend of his father, Andrei Karlovich R., sends Grinev to serve in the Belogorsk fortress (40 miles from the city).

Chapter 3

Fortress

The fortress looks like a village. A sensible and kind old woman, the wife of the commandant, Vasilisa Yegorovna, manages everything. The next morning, Grinev meets Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer of short stature, with a swarthy face and remarkably ugly, but extremely lively. Shvabrin transferred to the fortress for a duel. Shvabrin tells Grinev about life in the fortress, describes the family of the commandant, speaks especially unflatteringly about the daughter of the commandant Mironov, Masha. Shvabrin and Grinev are invited to dinner at the commandant's family. Along the way, Grinev sees exercises: commandant Ivan Kuzmich Mironov is in command of a platoon of disabled people. At the same time, he himself is dressed in a cap and a Chinese robe.

Chapter 4

Duel

Grinev is very attached to the commandant's family. He is promoted to officer. Grinev talks a lot with Shvabrin, but he likes him less and less, and especially his caustic remarks about Masha. Grinev devotes mediocre love poems to Masha. Shvabrin sharply criticizes them, insults Masha in a conversation with Grinev. Grinev calls him a liar, Shvabrin demands satisfaction. Before the duel, on the orders of Vasilisa Yegorovna, they are arrested, the yard girl Palashka even takes away their swords. After some time, Grinev learns from Masha that Shvabrin was wooing her, but she refused (this explains Shvabrin's stubborn slander against the girl). The duel resumes, Grinev is wounded.

Chapter 5

Love

Masha and Savelich tend to the wounded. Grinev proposes to Masha. Writes a letter to parents. Shvabrin comes to visit Grinev, admits that he himself was to blame. Grinev's father refuses to bless his son (he also knows about the duel, but not from Savelich. Grinev decides that Shvabrin told his father). Masha avoids Grinev, does not want a wedding without the consent of her parents. Grinev ceases to visit the Mironovs' house, loses heart.

Chapter 6

Pugachevshchina

The commandant receives a notice about Yemelyan Pugachev's gang of robbers attacking the fortress. Vasilisa Yegorovna finds out everything, and rumors of an attack spread throughout the fortress. Pugachev calls on the enemy to surrender. One of the appeals falls into the hands of Mironov through a captured Bashkir who has no nose, ears and tongue (the consequences of torture). Ivan Kuzmich decides to send Masha out of the fortress. Masha says goodbye to Grinev. Vasilisa Egorovna refuses to leave and stays with her husband.

Chapter 7

Attack

At night, the Cossacks leave the Belogorsk fortress under the banner of Pugachev. The Pugachevites attack the fortress. The commandant and the few defenders of the Fortress defend themselves, but the forces are unequal. Pugachev, who has captured the fortress, arranges a trial.

Ivan Kuzmich and his comrades are executed (hanged). When the turn comes to Grinev, Savelich throws himself at Pugachev's feet, begging to spare the lord's child, promising a ransom. Pugachev agrees. Residents of the city and the garrison

Cool! 26

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the protagonist of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter".

While reading the book, we see a series of events that vividly characterize the personality of Pyotr Grinev, allowing us to see the formation and formation of his inner world, views and foundations.

Grinev's character was influenced by his mother's upbringing, he adopted her kindness, sensitivity and even some gentleness. Little Petrusha lived with his father on the estate, where he received the usual, for that time, home education. He was trained first by the stirrup Savelich, and then by the French teacher Beaupre. However, the concepts of justice, honor and devotion, he acquired, for the most part, not from his tutors, but in a noisy company of his friends - yard boys.

Peter developed a sense of reverence and respect for his parents. Therefore, when his father decided to send him to serve in Orenburg, and not in the long-desired Semenovsky regiment, Pyotr Grinev obediently fulfilled his will.

Thus, young Pyotr Andreevich ended up in the Belogorsk fortress, where instead of the full brilliance of Petersburg life, village silence awaited him behind a log fence. But Grinev did not have to be upset for long. Unexpectedly for himself, he finds here a simple charm in communicating with kind, unpretentious people living in the fortress. It is in conversations with them that the best qualities of Pyotr Grinev are finally strengthened and formed.

To such a young and open person as Grinev, a high feeling could not but come. Pyotr Andreevich fell in love with Masha Mironova, the lovely daughter of the commandant of the fortress. The subsequent duel with Shvabrin, who insulted Masha, ends with Grinev's injury and a ban on the marriage of lovers from the hero's father.

Lyrical events in the life of Peter Andreevich are interrupted by the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev. At this time, such qualities of Pyotr Grinev as honesty, straightforwardness and nobility, which used to seem like an unnecessary burden, now help to save the life of not only himself, but also Masha. Grinev's courage and courage make an indelible impression on Pugachev, causing sincere, genuine respect.

Everything that Grinev experienced made him think more and more about the meaning of human life, allowed him to grow up. Throughout the story, we see the continuous development and growth of Peter Grinev. From a frivolous boy, Grinev imperceptibly grows into a self-affirming, looking for the meaning of existence, a young man, and, in the end, a brave, determined and mature man appears before us.

I think that the heightened sense of justice that the author put into the image of his hero seems so sincere only because the nobility and defense of honor were very important for Pushkin himself. As well as his character, Alexander Sergeevich, subsequently defended the honor of his wife, challenging the offender to a duel. Therefore, the straightforwardness and inner dignity of Grinev does not seem to be a literary exaggeration. This is the quality of a real, adult person.

More essays on the topic: "The Captain's Daughter"

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the protagonist of the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".

Peter lived on his father's estate and received the usual home education. He was brought up first by the stirrup Savelyich, and then by the Frenchman Beaupre, and in his free time, Peter spent with the yard boys.

Peter honored his parents and respected their wishes. When his father decided to send him to serve in Orenburg, Peter did not dare to disobey, although he really wanted to serve in St. Petersburg. Before the dear father ordered Peter to serve faithfully and remember the proverb: "take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." Grinev remembered well the words of his father and faithfully served the empress.

Pyotr Grinev is very noble and honest. Having lost a hundred rubles to Zurin, he forces Savelich to repay the debt, considering it a debt of honor. And when Shvabrin insulted Masha, Peter did not hesitate to challenge him to a duel.

Grinev showed himself to be a brave, courageous and courageous person. When talking with Emelyan Pugachev, he did not lie to him, but directly said that he would not go over to his side, and if ordered, he would fight against Emelyan's gang. Peter was not afraid to go to save Masha from Shvabrin, although he knew that he could be caught and killed. He risked his life making his way into the fortress, showed courage and ingenuity.

Grinev's kindness and generosity were very useful to him, because Pugachev remembered the gift and that was the only reason he pardoned him.

In the story, Pyotr Grinev is shown in development: first, a frivolous boy, then a self-affirming young man, and finally, an adult and determined man.

Source: sdamna5.ru

Pyotr Grinev is the main character of the story. He is 17 years old, he is a Russian nobleman who has just entered the military service. One of the main qualities of Grinev is sincerity. He is sincere with the characters of the novel and with the readers. Telling his own life, he did not seek to embellish it. On the eve of the duel with Shvabrin, he is excited and does not hide it: “I confess that I did not have that composure, which almost always boast of those who were in my position.” He also directly and simply speaks of his condition before the conversation with Pugachev on the day he captured the Belogorsk fortress: “The reader can easily imagine that I was not completely cold-blooded.” Grinev does not hide his negative actions either (an incident in a tavern, during a snowstorm, in a conversation with the Orenburg general). Gross mistakes are atoned for by his remorse (the case of Savelch).
Grinev's Duma has not yet hardened in military service, he kept some of them until the end of his life. He shuddered at the sight of the mutilated Bashkir, captured while distributing Pugachev's leaflets. The singing of the Pugachevtsy makes a strong impression on him: “It is impossible to tell what effect this simple song about the gallows, sung by people doomed to the gallows, had on me. Their formidable faces, slender voices, the dull expression that they gave to words that were already expressive - everything shook me with some kind of poetic horror.
Grinev was not a coward. He accepts the challenge to a duel without hesitation. He is one of the few defending the Belogorsk fortress, when, despite the command of the commandant, "the timid garrison does not move." He returns for the straggler Savelich.
These actions also characterize Grinev as a person capable of love. Grinev is not vindictive, he sincerely puts up with Shvabrin. He does not tend to be malicious. Leaving the Belogorsk fortress, with Masha freed by order of Pugachev, he sees Shvabrin and turns away, not wanting to "triumph over the humiliated enemy."
A distinctive feature of Grinev is the habit of paying good for good with the ability to be grateful. He gives Pugachev his sheepskin coat, thanks for saving Masha.

Source: litra.ru

Pyotr Grinev is the main character in A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter". The reader goes through the entire life path of the protagonist, the formation of his personality, reveals his attitude to the ongoing events, of which he is a participant.

The kindness of the mother and the simplicity of the life of the Grinev family developed softness and even sensitivity in Petrusha. He is eager to go to the Semyonovsky regiment, where he was assigned from birth, but his dreams of life in St. Petersburg are not destined to come true - his father decides to send his son to Orenburg.

And here is Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress. Instead of formidable, impregnable bastions, there is a village surrounded by a log fence, with thatched huts. Instead of a strict, angry boss, there is a commandant who went out for training in a cap and a dressing gown; Instead of a brave army, there are elderly invalids. Instead of a deadly weapon - an old cannon clogged with garbage. Life in the Belogorsk fortress reveals to the young man the beauty of the life of simple kind people, gives rise to the joy of communicating with them. “There was no other society in the fortress; but I didn’t want anything else, ”recalls Grinev, the author of the notes. Not military service, not reviews and parades attract a young officer, but conversations with nice, simple people, literature studies, love experiences. It is here, in the “God-saved fortress”, in the atmosphere of a patriarchal life, that the best inclinations of Pyotr Grinev grow stronger. The young man fell in love with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress Masha Mironova. Faith in her feelings, sincerity and honesty caused a duel between Grinev and Shvabrin: Shvabrin dared to laugh at the feelings of Masha and Peter. The duel ended unsuccessfully for the main character. During the recovery, Masha looked after Peter and this served to bring the two young people closer. However, their desire to get married was opposed by Grinev's father, who was angry with his son's duel and did not give his blessing for the marriage.

The quiet and measured life of the inhabitants of the distant fortress was interrupted by the Pugachev uprising. Participation in hostilities shook Peter Grinev, made him think about the meaning of human existence. The son of a retired major turned out to be an honest, decent, noble man; Hatred and disgust for cruelty and inhumanity, Grinev's humanity and kindness allowed him not only to save his life and the life of Masha Mironova, but also to earn the respect of Emelyan Pugachev - the leader of the uprising, the rebel, the enemy.

Honesty, straightforwardness, loyalty to the oath, a sense of duty - these are the character traits that Peter Grinev acquired while serving in the Belogorsk fortress.

Source: answer.mail.ru

The story "The Captain's Daughter" is a unique and interesting work by A. S. Pushkin, in which the author describes pure and sincere love that suddenly flared up and warms the heart throughout the story.

Pyotr Grinev is the main character of the work. This is an honest, noble and kind person who was raised by his father.

Andrei Petrovich Grinev is a former military man with an open heart and a sincere soul. He does not want to be dependent on others and "beg for" ranks. That is why his service ended quickly. He devoted himself entirely to raising his son and raised a noble man

Adult Petya dreamed of a bright and interesting service in St. Petersburg, but a strict father chose a worthy place for him and sent him to serve near Orenburg. At parting, Andrei Petrovich said: "Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." Peter carried these cherished words throughout his life.

In Orenburg, young Grinev met his true love - a modest and shy girl Masha Mironova. The main character of the story lived in the family of the commandant, a brave and correct man, a loyal subject of Empress Catherine II.

The character of the father and the nobility of the nobleman with age are manifested in Pyotr Andreevich more and more. I was especially impressed by the duel between Grinev and Shvabrin, an evil and mean coeval of Peter. Shvabrin publicly insulted Masha, and Grinev defended the honor of the girl. As a result, Peter was wounded, and Shvabrin emerged victorious, but what! This unfortunate coward struck from behind.

In the story "The Captain's Daughter" the image of Pyotr Grinev is one of the most vivid and memorable. This guy is not distinguished by a dodgy mind and heroic strength, but he is open, sincere and naive. It is these qualities that make readers especially sympathetic. He does not hypocrite and does not pretend, even being on the verge of death. This is the expression of strength of character and true nobility.

Source: sochinenienatemu.com

Narration in "The Captain's Daughter" by Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, who talks about his youth, plunged into the cycle of historical events. Grinev appears in the novel, therefore, both as a narrator and as one of the main characters of the events described.

Petr Andreevich Grinev is a typical representative of the provincial Russian nobility of the second half of the 18th century. He was born and raised on the estate of his father, a landowner in the Simbirsk province. His childhood passed as it did for most of the poor provincial nobles of that time. From the age of five, he was given into the hands of a serf uncle Savelich. Having overcome the letter in the twelfth year under the guidance of his uncle, Grinev comes under the supervision of Monsieur Beaupre, a French tutor, discharged from Moscow "along with a year's supply of wine and Provencal oil" and who turned out to be a bitter drunkard.

Describing his student years with good-natured humor, Grinev says: "I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with yard boys." It would be a mistake, however, to think that we have before us a minor like Mitrofanushka from Fonvizin's comedy. Grinev grew up as an intelligent and inquisitive teenager and subsequently, having entered the service, writes poetry, reads French books and tries his hand even in translations.

A decisive influence on Grinev's spiritual warehouse had a healthy atmosphere of family life, simple and modest. Grinev's father, a retired prime minister who had gone through a harsh school of life, was a man of firm and honest views. Seeing off his son to the army, he gives such instructions: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; do not ask for service, do not refuse service; do not chase after the caress of the boss; take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age. Grinev inherited a sense of honor and a sense of duty from his father.
The first life steps of young Grinev reveal his youthful frivolity and inexperience. But the young man proved with his life that he had learned the basic rule of his father's morality: "take care of honor from a young age." For two years, Grinev experiences many events: acquaintance with Pugachev, love for Marya Ivanovna, duel with Shvabrin, illness; he almost dies when the fortress is taken by the troops of Pugachev, etc. Before our eyes, the character of the young man develops and grows stronger, and Grinev turns into a mature young man. A sense of honor and courage save him in life's adversity. With intrepid courage, he looks into the eyes of death when Pugachev orders him to be hanged. All the positive aspects of his character are revealed: simplicity and not depravity of nature, kindness, honesty, fidelity in love, etc. These properties of nature captivate Marya Ivanovna and arouse sympathy from Pugachev. Grinev comes out of life's trials with honor.

Grinev is not a hero in the usual sense of the word. This is an ordinary person, an average nobleman. This is a typical representative of those army officers who, in the words of the historian V. O. Klyuchevsky, “made our military history of the 18th century.” Pushkin does not idealize him, does not put him in beautiful poses. Grinev remains a modest ordinary person, retaining all the features of a realistic image.

Source: biblioman.org

Initially, Pushkin wanted to write a novel dedicated only to the Pugachev movement, but the censorship would hardly have let him through. Therefore, the main storyline of the story is the service of a young nobleman for the good of the fatherland and his love for the daughter of the captain of the Belogorod fortress. In parallel, another topic of Pugachevism that interested the author is given. The second topic, of course, Pushkin devotes much less pages, but enough to reveal the essence of the peasant revolt and acquaint the reader with the leader of the peasants, Emelyan Pugachev. In order for his image to be more reliable, the author needed a hero who personally knew Pugachev and would subsequently speak out about what he saw. Such a hero was Pyotr Grinev, a nobleman, an honest, noble young man. A nobleman was needed, and precisely a noble one, in order to make what he told look plausible and be believed.

The childhood of Petrusha Grinev was no different from the childhood of other children of the local nobles. Through the mouth of the hero himself, Pushkin ironically speaks of the customs of the old local nobility: “Mother was still my belly, as I was already enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant ... If, more than any expectation, mother gave birth to a daughter, then the father would have announced where it should be about the death of the sergeant who did not appear, and that would be the end of the matter."

The author also makes fun of Pyotr Grinev's studies: at the age of five, Savelich was assigned to the boy as an uncle - a courtyard man, to whom such trust was given "for sober behavior." Thanks to Savelich, Petrusha learned to read and write by the age of twelve and "could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog." The next step in the training was the Frenchman Monsieur Beaupre, who was supposed to teach the boy "all sciences," discharged from Moscow "together with a year's supply of wine and Provence oil." However, due to the fact that the Frenchman was very fond of wine and the fair sex, Petrusha was left to his own devices. When the son reaches the age of seventeen, the father, filled with a sense of duty, sends Peter to serve for the good of the motherland.

Descriptions of the independent life of Pyotr Grinev are already devoid of irony. From the young man left to himself and to the simple Russian peasant Savelich, a noble nobleman turned out. Having lost at cards due to inexperience, Peter never succumbed to Savelich's persuasion to fall at the feet of the winner with a request to forgive the debt. He is guided by honor: lost - give it back. The young man understands that he must be responsible for his actions.

The meeting with the “counselor” reveals in Pyotr Grinev such a purely Russian quality as generosity. Finding themselves in the steppe during a blizzard, Grinev and Savelich accidentally stumbled upon a man who knew the way. Then, already at the inn, Pyotr Grinev really wanted to thank this stranger. And he offered him his hare coat, which, according to Savelich, cost a lot of money. At first glance, Grinev's act is a manifestation of youthful carelessness, but in fact it is a manifestation of the nobility of the soul, compassion for man.

Arriving at the service in the Belogorod fortress, Pyotr Grinev fell in love with the daughter of the captain of the fortress, Masha Mironova. Nobility and honor do not allow him to ignore the slander directed at his beloved by another nobleman, Alexei Shvabrin. The result of this is a duel that could cost Peter Grinev his life.

It is not in vain that the author introduces into the story the clever, well-read and at the same time vile and dishonorable Shvabrin, and also a nobleman. Comparing two young officers, Pushkin argues that high morality is not the lot of people of a separate class, and even more so, it has nothing to do with education: nobles can be scoundrels, and nobility can be a hallmark of a simple person, Pugachev for example.

The possibility of execution did not force the Pushkin hero to change the ideals of morality. He does not go into the enemy camp to save his life, he learned all too well.

the words spoken by the father as parting words: "Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." Honest Grinev and in a conversation with Pugachev: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” Moreover, to Pugachev’s question whether Grinev could make a promise not to go against him if ordered, the young man answered with the same sincerity and directness: “How can I promise you this ... You know, it’s not my will: they tell me to go against you - I’ll go , nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse the service when my service is needed?

Grinev's sincerity struck Pugachev. Imbued with respect for the young man, he lets him go. Pugachev's conversation with Grinev is very important. On the one hand, he shows the nobility of a nobleman, on the other hand, the same quality of his opponent: only an equal can appreciate another person.

All the same nobility, as well as love and tender affection, do not allow Grinev to name Masha Mironova at the trial, and this could explain a lot in the story with Pugachev, save him from imprisonment.

The events in the story are presented on behalf of Grinev, who, many years later, talks about two years of his life, about a meeting with Pugachev. The narrator strives to tell everything without exaggeration, objectively. Pugachev in his eyes does not look like a real beast. And we believe him, we cannot but believe: we know this man too well - noble, honest, just. And we think: who is this Pugachev really and what is it - Pugachevism?

"The Captain's Daughter" is one of the most remarkable works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. It was written in 1836 and still conveys those events so colorfully and not to be forgotten.

Reading the story, it is impossible not to admire the character of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. As an adult, he honestly admitted that in his teenage years he lived like a barefoot kid, ran after birds and played games with other barefoot boys. At the age of seventeen, at the behest of his own father, he went to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, Petrusha and his servant Savelich stopped at Simbirsk. There, being overly self-confident and frivolous, Petrusha lost 100 rubles in snooker to Zurin. Having learned that the debt in payment is red, he rudely talks to Savelich so that he gives him the required amount. But Peter knows how to listen to his conscience and admit that he is wrong; so he later apologizes to Savelich. Youth, with a lack of even the slightest experience and naive, he terribly dreams of growing up as soon as possible. However, for this he often chooses the wrong methods. And although in his heart he is kind and ashamed of the bad deeds that he commits out of inexperience, he still does not stop experimenting with his behavior.

Having met during a snowstorm with a traveler who led them to a real court, Petrusha presents him with a hare sheepskin coat, acting nobly.

Petrusha's first impressions of the Belogorsk fortress were not the best at once. He misses. He began to get involved in writing poetry and gradually falls in love with Masha Mironova. Because of his love for Masha, he decides to duel with Shvabrin. Well, Petrusha shows himself on the other side as a protector, benefactor and a brave person. He is no longer a noble boy, he knows how to stand up for his honor, knows how to handle weapons.

A great influence on the character of Petrusha was played by his love for Mary. We see that Petrusha is not just in love, he is ready to do everything for his beloved. Peter's growing up and readiness for self-sacrifice are manifested during the execution of Petrusha, when he behaved calmly and boldly looked into the eyes of Pugachev.

Petrusha rejected Pugachev's offer to go to him and remained faithful to the oath, did not change his honor.

Love for Masha forced Petrusha to violate military discipline. Saving Savelich, Petrusha again shows kindness and courage. Boldly and truthfully, he talks with Pugachev, which inspires confidence and thereby saves himself and his beloved Maria.

Petrusha still does not think about how he looks from the outside when he accepts Pugachev's help. But still, once in prison, Petrusha did not even try to defend himself, not wanting to involve Maria in the trial.

In the story, we see Peter gradually maturing, sacredly observing this oath and the covenant of his father. His character is sometimes youthful, but kind and persistent. The ability to repay kindness for kindness and to be noble cannot but arouse admiration.

The Captain's Daughter tells of hard times and the uprising that Emelyan Pugachev started.

The main character, Pyotr Grinev, has been learning to read and write since the age of 5. And upon reaching the age of 17, his father sends him to the Belgorod fortress for service. On the way to it, Peter gets into a strong snowstorm, having lost his way and got lost, he meets a simple Cossack. The Cossack helps Grinev, for which he receives a sheepskin coat from him.

The fortress is a simple village, in which Grinev really liked to live, here he found a good friend, but he spoke badly about Masha, Peter's new lover. The main character dedicates poems to her, which he writes himself, but Masha lived in poverty, and Grinev was rich. Peter wanted to marry Masha, but his father refused. In parallel with this, Grinev, offended by his friend's statements about Masha, challenges him to a duel, where Peter is wounded. Masha takes care of him while he lies bedridden. News comes to the fortress about Pugachev's uprising, and the order to prepare for defense. Pugachev was able to conquer the fortress and now calls everyone to him for an oath. Grinev, along with others who refused, was taken to the gallows, but he was saved by the money of his parents, who promised Peter as a reward for saving his life. Masha is kept in the fortress by Shvabrin (the one who is a friend of Peter), and Grinev is led to Pugachev. Peter tells Emelyan what happened to Masha, and together they go to free her. Pugachev lets them go, but they are arrested on the way. Peter is taken in for questioning. And Masha goes to Petersburg to help him. And (how lucky they are) she complains just to a woman who turns out not to be “Just a woman”, but Catherine 2. Catherine, amazed at Masha’s story and frees Grinev.

Later they will come together to the execution of Pugachev.

Together with the article “Essay on the topic “The Captain’s Daughter”, Grade 8 (summary)” they read:

The idea of ​​the story itself dates back to the beginning of 1833. Then Pushkin begins to collect material related to the Pugachev uprising. Having finished the story in the fall of 1836, he put under it the lyceum date that was dear to him - October 19 and titled it about the Russian rebellion, "senseless and merciless" - "The Captain's Daughter", giving the historical event associated with the shock of state foundations, the significance of a family affair. In fact, this work is the moral testament of the poet, since from October 19, 1836, one hundred days remained until Pushkin's death. And having gone through a difficult life path, being already the father of a family, he wonders: what is saving in this world - the Russian rebellion, the force of law, or something else ...

The main problem of the story is connected with understanding the historical paths of Russia. Pushkin transfers the right to talk about the Pugachev uprising to Pyotr Grinev, a nobleman from a wealthy, well-born family, who has moral principles, loyalty to duty and honor - all these are integral features of his character, faithful to the traditions of a patriot.

In the story “The Captain's Daughter”, the positions of the author and the narrator coincide in one place, but not in another. For example, Pushkin admires Pugachev, when he speaks allegorically with the host of the lodging, he is cunning, hiding something. So is Grinev, he is interested in Pugachev. The writer does not doubt the originality and strength of the personality of the people's leader, his talent as a commander and courage. Pushkin betrays a certain romanticization to the robber, which is explained by the author's attention to the inner world of Pugachev.

Emelyan Pugachev is a Cossack, a good military organizer, a generous and fair person, this is proved by the act when he did not hang Grinev, but also let him go: “Execute so execute, pardon so pardon. Step on all four sides and do what you want.” Natural mind, intelligence, energy, all this contributed to the fact that he led the peasant uprising. The appearance of his narrator seemed remarkable. He was about forty, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered. Gray hair showed in the black beard; his eyes were big and lively and ran about. He was pleasant, but somewhat sly. His hair was cut in a circle. He was wearing a tattered coat and Tatar trousers. Pugachev brutally cracks down on those whom he considers the oppressors of the peasants. But he also remembers the good that was once done to him. He is grateful for the way Grinev treated him, a simple Cossack, for a glass of vodka, and for a rabbit coat.

Pushkin portrays Emelyan Pugachev not only as the leader of the uprising, but also as a simple Cossack. His speech is filled with proverbs and sayings. There is no servility in his relations with his subordinates. The author shows that Pugachev is able to show mercy and gratitude, but he is also able to appreciate the honor and courage of the enemy.

The image of the leader of the peasant uprising is closely connected with the image of the people. Emphasizing the love of freedom and the rebellious spirit of the people. The images of Savelich and Captain Mironov help to understand the spirit of the people. What they have in common is their lack of self-awareness. They live in the power of tradition. Pushkin showed with genuine realism the peasant uprising, its leader and its participants - the people.

The author is far from idealizing Pugachev. He prefers reforms to revolution, he does not accept bloodshed. That is why we read in his story the words that have become widely known: “God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless! ”Regarding the Pugachev uprising as nothing more than a senseless rebellion, the author, at the same time, did not set out to show the villainy of the Pugachevites in the work. He tried to recreate the history of the uprising and the personality of the peasant leader, and it should be noted that Pushkin realized this plan.

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