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Type "man-artistic image". Types of mental activity of a person according to I.P.

The book sphere of communication is expressed through the artistic style - a multi-tasking literary style that has developed historically, and stands out from other styles through means of expression.

Artistic style serves literary works and aesthetic human activity. The main goal is to influence the reader with the help of sensual images. Tasks by which the goal of artistic style is achieved:

  • Creation of a living picture describing the work.
  • Transfer of the emotional and sensual state of the characters to the reader.

Art style features

Artistic style has the goal of emotional impact on a person, but it is not the only one. The general picture of the application of this style is described through its functions:

  • Figurative-cognitive. Presenting information about the world and society through the emotional component of the text.
  • Ideological and aesthetic. Maintenance of the system of images, through which the writer conveys the idea of ​​the work to the reader, is waiting for a response to the idea of ​​the plot.
  • Communicative. The expression of the vision of an object through sensory perception. Information from the artistic world is associated with reality.

Signs and characteristic linguistic features of the artistic style

To easily define this style of literature, let's pay attention to its features:

  • Original syllable. Due to the special presentation of the text, the word becomes interesting without contextual meaning, breaking the canonical schemes of constructing texts.
  • High level of text ordering. The division of prose into chapters, parts; in the play - the division into scenes, acts, phenomena. In poems, the metric is the size of the verse; stanza - the doctrine of the combination of poems, rhyme.
  • High level of polysemy. The presence of several interrelated meanings in one word.
  • Dialogues. The artistic style is dominated by the speech of the characters, as a way of describing the phenomena and events in the work.

The artistic text contains all the richness of the vocabulary of the Russian language. The presentation of the emotionality and imagery inherent in this style is carried out with the help of special means, which are called tropes - linguistic means of expressiveness of speech, words in a figurative sense. Examples of some trails:

  • Comparison is part of the work, with the help of which the image of the character is complemented.
  • Metaphor - the meaning of a word in a figurative sense, based on an analogy with another object or phenomenon.
  • An epithet is a definition that makes a word expressive.
  • Metonymy is a combination of words in which one object is replaced by another on the basis of spatial and temporal similarity.
  • Hyperbole is a stylistic exaggeration of a phenomenon.
  • Litota is a stylistic understatement of a phenomenon.

Where Fiction Style Is Used

The artistic style has absorbed numerous aspects and structures of the Russian language: tropes, polysemy of words, complex grammatical and syntactic structure. Therefore, its general scope is huge. It also includes the main genres of works of art.

The genres of artistic style used are related to one of the genera, expressing reality in a special way:

  • Epos. Shows external unrest, thoughts of the author (description of storylines).
  • Lyrics. Reflects the author's inner worries (experiences of the characters, their feelings and thoughts).
  • Drama. The presence of the author in the text is minimal, a large number of dialogues between characters. Theatrical performances are often made from such a work. Example - The Three Sisters of A.P. Chekhov.

These genres have subspecies that can be subdivided into even more specific varieties. Main:

Epic genres:

  • Epic is a genre of work in which historical events predominate.
  • The novel is a large manuscript with a complex storyline. All attention is paid to the life and fate of the characters.
  • The story is a work of a smaller volume, which describes the life case of the hero.
  • The story is a medium-sized manuscript that has the features of the plot of a novel and a short story.

Lyric genres:

  • Ode is a solemn song.
  • An epigram is a satirical poem. Example: A. S. Pushkin "Epigram on M. S. Vorontsov."
  • An elegy is a lyrical poem.
  • A sonnet is a poetic form of 14 lines, the rhyming of which has a strict construction system. Examples of this genre are common in Shakespeare.

Drama genres:

  • Comedy - the genre is based on a plot that ridicules social vices.
  • Tragedy is a work that describes the tragic fate of heroes, the struggle of characters, relationships.
  • Drama - has a dialogue structure with a serious storyline showing the characters and their dramatic relationships with each other or with society.

How to define literary text?

It is easier to understand and consider the features of this style when the reader is provided with an artistic text with a good example. Let's practice to determine what style of text is in front of us, using an example:

“Marat's father, Stepan Porfirievich Fateev, an orphan from infancy, was from the Astrakhan bandit family. The revolutionary whirlwind blew him out of the locomotive vestibule, dragged him through the Michelson plant in Moscow, machine-gun courses in Petrograd ... "

The main aspects confirming the artistic style of speech:

  • This text is built on the transfer of events from an emotional point of view, so there is no doubt that we have a literary text.
  • The means used in the example: “the revolutionary whirlwind blew it out, dragged it in” is nothing more than a trope, or rather, a metaphor. The use of this trope is inherent only in a literary text.
  • An example of a description of the fate of a person, the environment, social events. Conclusion: this literary text belongs to the epic.

Any text can be parsed in detail according to this principle. If the functions or distinguishing features that are described above are immediately evident, then there is no doubt that you have a literary text in front of you.

If you find it difficult to deal with a large amount of information on your own; the main means and features of a literary text are incomprehensible to you; task examples seem complicated - use a resource such as a presentation. A ready-made presentation with illustrative examples will intelligibly fill in knowledge gaps. The sphere of the school subject "Russian language and literature" serves electronic sources of information on functional styles of speech. Please note that the presentation is concise and informative, contains explanatory tools.

Thus, having understood the definition of artistic style, you will better understand the structure of works. And if a muse visits you, and there is a desire to write a work of art yourself, follow the lexical components of the text and the emotional presentation. Good luck with your study!

fine arts

    Painting

    Monumental painting, presented in the form of mosaics and frescoes, also belongs to a very ancient art form.

    Easel painting includes paintings of various genres, which are painted on canvas, paper using oil paint.

    The genres of painting include:

    • Portrait
    • historical genre
    • mythological genre
    • Battle genre
    • household genre
    • Scenery
    • Marina
    • Still life
    • Animal genre

  1. Graphic arts and its types

    • Engraving- a pattern applied to a flat surface of a material, covered with paint for printing on paper. Engraving materials include: metal (steel, zinc, copper), wood, plastic, cardboard.
    • print- This is an impression from an engraving board, which is an easel work of artistic graphics. Prints include engraving, lithography, silk-screen printing, monotype.
    • Book graphics - included in the design of the book, is its decorative design, illustration.
    • ex libris- a sign that indicates the owner of the book. The sign is located on the inside of the binding or cover.
    • Poster- an image aimed at attracting everyone's attention, which is created for educational or promotional purposes.
    • Linocut- engraving on linoleum.
    • Woodcut- woodcut.
    • Etching- metal engraving.
    • Computer graphics- images compiled on a computer, dynamically or statically.

  2. Sculpture

    Definition 2

    An art form that originated in antiquity. The found sculptures consisted of clay, wood, stone and depicted people and animals, quite similar to the originals.

    Sculpture is divided into round, which extends in space and relief, in the form of three-dimensional images on the plane. Both in painting and in sculpture there are easel and monumental forms.

    Monumental sculpture is intended for streets and squares and long-term use, therefore bronze, marble, granite are used for this type of sculpture.

    Easel sculpture includes portraits, small genre groups, which are performed in wood, plaster and other materials.

    Arts and Crafts

    The main goals of the creators of works of arts and crafts are $2$:

    • Creating a thing necessary for everyday life
    • Endowing things with certain artistic qualities

    Thus, objects and things related to everyday life should serve a person not only for practical purposes, but also decorate his life.

    To date, most of the works of decorative and applied art have mainly an aesthetic function, but this was far from always the case.

    The types of arts and crafts include:

    • Batik - hand-painted on fabric.
    • Embroidery
    • Macrame
    • Knitting
    • beading
    • Lace making
    • Tapestry
    • Ceramics
    • Mosaic
    • Art painting on wood, ceramics and metal
    • stained glass
    • Origami
    • Graffiti

Non-Visual Arts

  1. Architecture

    Definition 3

    Architecture is the art of designing and building buildings. Architectural structures can be presented in the form of separate buildings, as well as in the form of architectural ensembles. Ensembles can also be formed historically.

    Architecture provides an opportunity to analyze the technical achievements and artistic styles of different eras. For example, the Egyptian pyramids, which make it possible to judge the style of that period, the temples of Ancient Greece, Rome, etc.

  2. Literature

    In the broadest sense of the word, literature can be considered the totality of written texts.

    The types of literature include:

    • Art
    • Prose
    • Memoirs
    • Scientific and scientifically popular
    • Reference
    • Training
    • Technical

    Depending on certain criteria, literary works are classified as one or another genre:

    Criteria.

    • Form - short story, opus, ode, essay, story, short story, play, novel, epic, epic, essay.
    • Content - comedy, tragedy, farce, parody, sideshow, drama.
    • epic genus
    • lyric gender
    • dramatic gender

  3. Music

    Music is an art form that uses sound and silence to embody artistic images, which are organized in time.

    Types of music:

    • classical
    • Popular
    • Non-European
    • ethnic
    • Variety
    • Vanguard
    • Alternative
    • instrumental
    • chamber
    • Sonata
    • Nocturne
    • Prelude

Remark 1

The arts also include:

  • Cinema
  • Theater
  • Choreography

Studies have revealed very significant differences among people in terms of the degree of adequacy of perception of non-verbal information. They are very significant and are both individual and personal in nature, and reflecting the connection with social categories - age, professional, etc.

The dependence on age, which is characteristic of any sensory process, is quite explicable from the standpoint of the acquisition and accumulation by the individual of the social experience of verbal and non-verbal communication. Along with this, the advantages of people in artistic professions (musicians, actors, etc.) compared to people in "thinking" professions (mathematicians, etc.) can be explained both by obvious professional training in the field of non-verbal perception (for example, musicians), and natural genetic predispositions of certain people to adequate perception and processing of non-verbal information by the brain, i.e. their belonging to the so-called artistic personality type.

Keeping in mind that this issue is of no small theoretical and practical importance (for example, in terms of career guidance), special comprehensive studies of people of an artistic type were carried out, especially according to the criterion of perception of different types of non-verbal information.

The concept of an "artistic" type of person was put forward by Academician I.P. Pavlov along with the concept of "thinking" type. Pavlov saw the difference between these types in the fact that the "thinker" is characterized by an analytical, element-by-element perception of reality, and the "artist" - a complex, holistic perception. A similar idea was expressed by B. Pascal (1623-1663). He wrote about two types of mind: mathematical, based on abstract ideas about reality (in which it is easy to recognize the “thinker” according to Pavlov) and direct, which is characterized by direct sensory perception of reality (“artist” according to Pavlov). “... A purely mathematical mind will work correctly only if all definitions and beginnings are known to it in advance. Otherwise, he gets confused and becomes unbearable... And the mind, knowing directly, is not able to patiently seek out the first principles, abstract concepts that it does not encounter in everyday life and are unusual for it... Mathematicians are rarely capable of direct knowledge, and those who know directly - to the mathematical ... ”(Pascal, ed. 1990, pp. 146-147). Attempts to similarly classify people in the literature can be found repeatedly.

According to modern scientific concepts, the presence of two human types - mental and artistic - is explained by the functional asymmetry of the human brain: the "thinker" is characterized by the predominance of the left hemisphere abstract-logical perception of the world, and the "artist" - the right hemisphere emotional-figurative perception. The problem of human typology is very important for solving a whole range of theoretical and applied problems related to understanding the essence of human nature, artistic creativity, improving the system of general and vocational training and education (especially in art), professional selection and career guidance of people, understanding the mechanisms of mental disorders and choice optimal means of treating such diseases, etc., etc. It is important to emphasize that the “artistic” and “thinking” types were identified by I.P. Pavlov as specific human types, in contrast to the known four Hippocratic types (phlegmatic, choleric, melancholic, sanguine) described by Pavlov and his followers (B.M. Teplov, V.D. Nebylitsyn, V.M. Rusalov, E. A. Golubeva and others) in the categories of strength, mobility and balance of nervous processes and distributed by them to the animal world.

Understanding specific human types - an artist and a thinker, as modern research has shown, relies not only on the basal physiological levels of human life, but also on the entire complex architectonics of higher mental functions, communication abilities and, in particular, the dominant type of information interaction of an individual with the outside world ( perception and processing of sensory information) within the model of the two-channel (verbal-non-verbal) nature of the human communication system. In particular, it is shown that all types of abstract-symbolic information are better perceived and processed by people of the mental type, and non-verbal types of information - by people of the artistic personality type (Morozov et al., 1994). The degree of connection, orientation of the psyche to concrete reality is higher in the artist than in a typical representative of the category of abstract thinkers. Specifically, this is expressed in a higher accuracy and adequacy of the reflection in the psyche of the artist (in comparison with the thinker) of various aspects of this reality. For example, there is a more subtle differentiation in the perception of shades of color, sound, better memorization, more accurate, strong and adequate relationships and associations between various not only elementary, but also complex images of reality, on the one hand, and their verbal description, on the other. As it has been known since the time of Jan Amos Kamensky's "Great Didactics", there is nothing in a person's actions and there cannot be anything that was not previously in his feelings and perceptions. That is why the perfection of the sphere of sensory perception of the artist is the basis for his artistic and reproductive activity.

But the essence of the artist is not limited to the subtlety of sensory perception - this is a necessary but not sufficient condition.

Artistic creativity is in close connection with the second signal system, based on the intellectual and creative potential of a person, speech, thinking. A true, great artist is characterized not only by a truthful reflection of reality, but also by its refraction through the prism of social and social significance and even philosophical understanding. In this understanding, a true, great artist, artist, musician is a kind of thinker, based in his thinking not on abstract symbolism, but on images of concrete reality. Contrary to the traditionally established idea of ​​the exclusively verbal essence of thinking, in recent years, the idea of ​​the non-verbal nature of language and human thinking has also begun to “receive the rights of citizenship” (Spirkin, 1972; Gorelov, 1980,1985; Voronin, 1982; Simonov, 1987).

One of the most important aspects that distinguishes the "artistic" type of personality from the "thinking" one lies in the sphere of the individual's emotional attitude to the world around him: for the "thinker" the rational-rational attitude is dominant, and for the "artist" - the emotional-figurative one. In relation to musicians, this property was noted by B.M. Teplov, who believed that "... The ability to respond emotionally to music should be, as it were, the center of musicality" (Teplov, 1947).

The important role of emotions as a factor integrating the creative process in art was pointed out by Academician P.K. Anokhin (1983, pp. 261-262). A number of well-known works of Academician P.V. Simonov, revealing the psychophysiological foundations of the system of K.S. Stanislavsky, the emotional mechanisms of artistic creativity and acting transformation, substantiating the informational theory of emotions developed by the author (Simonov, 1962, 1966, 1970, 1981, 1987; Simonov, Ershov, 1984). In particular, P.V. Simonov believes that Pavlov's "specially human" types - "thinking" and "artistic" - should be considered in the light of modern data on the functional asymmetry of the large hemispheres of the human brain: "... where the artistic type will correspond to the relative predominance of the right (non-speech) hemisphere "(Simonov, 1967, p. 142). These ideas are confirmed in experimental studies (Petrov, Boyadzhieva, 1996). Somewhat earlier, the Center "Art and Science" of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, extensive comprehensive studies made it possible to establish a number of distinctive features of people of an artistic type according to various criteria.

For the category of artistic professions, in comparison with the category of non-artistic professions as a whole, the following is characteristic: a) an increased level, lability and a more diverse palette of emotional background (constant and situational, according to the method of Izard-Serebryakova); b) increased emotional hearing (according to Morozov's tests) (Fig. 17); c) increased coefficients of confidence when testing emotional hearing; d) increased ability to determine the age of a person by the sound of his voice (Fig. 17); e) increased anxiety (according to Spielberger-Khanin); f) increased empathy (according to Mehrabyan's test);

g) the predominance of non-verbal intelligence (according to Veksler); h) the predominance of extraversion (according to Eysenck); i) a more right-sided character of the functional asymmetry of the brain (a tilt towards equipotentiality and ambidexterity in the auditory, visual and manual spheres according to the methods of E.D. Khomskaya); j) higher lability and shorter latent periods of evoked potentials of the brain (according to the method of E.A. Golubeva); k) the predominance of metaphor and plot of verbal-non-verbal associations (according to the method of Luria's pictograms in the modification of O.F. Potemkina

N.S. Samsonidze, see fig. 17), (Morozov, 1994). Within the surveyed groups of persons - representatives of both artistic and non-artistic professions, significant individual differences are found, manifested to a greater or lesser extent by the coincidence of all the listed indicators characterizing both "artistic" and "thinking" types.

The results obtained, on the one hand, are a reflection of the complex nature of man, which combines - and what is very important - in different (!) Proportions

The features of both artistic and mental types, on the other hand, reflect the fact known from life practice that any professional team, as a rule, consists of persons with different natural predispositions to one or another type of professional activity.

3 The results of the work are described in more detail in the monograph “The Artistic Type of a Person: New Comprehensive Research”. - M., 1994.

Rice. 17. People of the artistic type of personality with emotionally abstract thinking (group I in positions A, B, C, D, E, F) compared to people in whom the abstract-symbolic type of thinking predominates (group III in the same positions) are characterized by a number of features of perception of information from the outside world: A - increased emotional hearing (average 80.7%, group I compared with 53.6% group III), B - reduced average errors in determining a person's age by voice (7.6 years, group I, compared to 9.8 years of group III), the predominance of metaphorical (C) and plot (D), but a reduced number of abstract-symbolic (E) sketches using the pictogram technique. The "artists" are also more likely to find images of a person in their sketches (D). Based on a survey of 105 applicants of the Moscow State Conservatory. (Orig.).

artistic type

(from Greek typos - image, imprint, sample) - an artistic image endowed with characteristic properties, a bright representative of any group of people (in particular, estate, class, nation, era). The embodiment of the aesthetic category of the typical.

Example:

Khlestakov, Nozdrev, Manilov, Plyushkin (N. Gogol. "Dead Souls" and "Inspector")

"A high degree of distinctness and activity of expressing the general, generic in the individuality of this or that phenomenon makes this phenomenon an artistic type" (GN Pospelov).

“Literature not only reflects human life types, social and psychological, it creates new personalities and types similar to real ones, explaining, evaluating and “continuing” them. Such a type created by literature and as if introduced into real life was, for example, the famous image "an extra person" (S.G. Bocharov).


Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism. From allegory to iambic. - M.: Flinta, Nauka. N.Yu. Rusova. 2004

See what "artistic type" is in other dictionaries:

    TYPE OF NERVOUS SYSTEM- (type of higher nervous activity) a set of properties of the nervous system that make up the physiological basis of the individual originality of human activity. The concept of T. n. With. introduced by I. P. Pavlov as a result of the properties of the nervous ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy

    The method and form of mastering reality in art, characterized by an inseparable unity of sensual and semantic moments. This is a concrete and at the same time a generalized picture of life (or a fragment of such a picture), created with the help of creative ... ...

    See art type... Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism

    Type- (Greek imprint, model). The problem of T. and typification is not a specific problem of literary criticism. It takes place in the sciences of different fields of knowledge. The question of T. and typification in the literature is characterized by its own characteristics, to rye ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

    type of higher nervous activity- (Type of the nervous system) a set of properties of the nervous system that make up the physiological basis of the individual originality of human activity and animal behavior. The concept of T. in. n. introduced into science by I. P. Pavlov. Initially it……

    type- n., m., use. often Morphology: (no) what/whom? like what/who? like, (see) what? type, (see) who? like what/who? type, about what/whom? about the type; pl. what/who? types, (no) what/whom? types, to what/to whom? types, (see) what? types, (see) whom? types, ... ... Dictionary of Dmitriev

    ARTISTIC IMAGE- universal category of arts. creativity, a means and a form of mastering life by art. An image is often understood as an element or part of a product that has, as it were, self-standing. existence and meaning (for example, in literature, the image of a character, ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

    TYPE- (Greek typos, from typein to hit). 1) the prototype of any creature, the original, the main image, the totality of characteristic features: the type of the south, the type of the Englishman, etc .; in literature: the character created by the writer, sharply defined and inherent in the whole group ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

    type- A; m. [Greek. typos imprint, form, sample] 1. Sample, model or variety, form, which corresponds to a certain group of objects, phenomena. Different types of strollers. Obsolete vehicle t. Railway bridge. New t.… … encyclopedic Dictionary

    type of nervous system- nervous system: type (type of the nervous system; type of higher nervous activity) a set of properties of the nervous system that make up the physiological basis of the individual originality of human activity and animal behavior. The concept of them was introduced ... ... Great Psychological Encyclopedia

Books

  • Russia in Pictures, Ass. Artistic and industrial album / A. Ass M 105/7: Odessa: Type. Book of G. N. Karanta, 1902: A. Ass Reproduced in the original author's spelling of the 1902 edition (Odessa Publishing House, ...

1. Artistic personality type - emotional-figurative perception of reality, when a person thinks in images.

2. Research, search type of personality - a rational-logical perception of reality, when a person thinks in symbols, abstractions.

In its pure form, such people do not meet. In each person, these types are represented proportionally, but some always dominates. If the dominant ability is not developed, it gradually fades. Accompanying abilities in the process of creative activity can also develop: a poet - an artist, a mathematician - a musician, etc.

Abilities do not exhaust themselves, do not disappear. The more I realize my abilities, the more they manifest. There is no limit to the realization of the ability. Plato said: "How much you need to know to know that you know nothing."

There are many methods of various creative abilities (by types, genres of art). Let's dwell on the main and general points.

1. The ability to be creative can only develop in a creative environment, which implies the possibility of free initiative, aims at creating something new, original, and not repetition, copying of the known. Reproductive activity, imitation of models can improve skills, but not develop creative inclinations. Such activities can play the role of learning (at best), at worst - can block the creative abilities of the participant, lead to thoughtless copying.

The family plays a huge role in the development of creative abilities. “From birth to 5 years - eternity, from 5 to death - one moment” (L.N. Tolstoy. Diaries).

2. Development of a value attitude towards originality. To teach participants to distinguish and appreciate originality, individuality, innovation in the work of great masters, artists. This requires quality training.

It is very important to inspire confidence in the participants that authenticity, innovation is available not only to professionals, but also to amateur participants. To acquaint them with the best examples of folk art, craftsmen, self-taught inventors, naive but fresh creations of children.

The attitude towards creativity is fixed if in the process of educational activities, at exhibitions, reviews, festivals, the individuality of their style, their “own style”, freshness and originality are actively supported. But it requires tact, high personal culture and skill on the part of the leader. Otherwise, the attitude toward originality can turn into originality, the attitude toward novelty - into a denial of the experience of predecessors.

3. An important means of developing an attitude towards creativity is the encouragement of an individual style of activity. In the author's types of amateur performances, it manifests itself to a greater extent than in performing (collective) ones.

4. Since creativity is not any novelty, but the creation of a socially valuable, new one, then when developing an attitude towards creativity, it is important to encourage participants not to any innovations, but only those that have undeniable social significance.

5. It is necessary to develop the ability of participants to make their own decisions. This can be done through individual tasks related to the analysis of something (review of a film or performance, review of specialized literature, preparation of reports on a given topic, etc.). Thinking is formed by comparing several points of view or sources on the same topics.

6. A prerequisite for creativity is a developed imagination, the ability to make distant associations and unexpected solutions. The main methodological technique is the formulation of a creative problem with the condition to find a non-standard solution. The most effective here is a collective search, when the imagination of some awakens the imagination of others.

Build work and give assignments on little-known material. Working on the unknown immediately puts the performers in a creative situation, forcing them to look for their own figurative solution.

7. In developing the creative abilities of participants, it is important to create conditions for the realization of the individuality of each. Accounting for individual capabilities is one of the principles for selecting a repertoire in amateur performances. Along with large works, stage small ones (in a theater group - stage miniatures, in choreographic groups - group, solo dances).

8. A necessary condition for creativity is the activity of the individual. Create such rules for the life of the team, such situations when it is difficult to be passive.

There is a problem-heuristic technique - a system of logical rules for theoretical research, which contributes to the development of personality activity. It comes from the recognition of several levels of independence and activity, as well as from the need to build work in sequential switching to a higher level.

1 level. The leader formulates and solves the problem. The participant remembers and reproduces the course of the decision.

2nd level. The leader sets a task or problem, formulates conditions, introduces possible solutions and offers to choose the most effective ones.

3rd level. The leader only points out the problem or task. Participants are invited to comprehensively explore it and solve it.

4th level. The participant himself must see the problem, formulate and solve it.

6. Types of amateur creativity

Artistic creativity

Technical creativity

Applied art

natural science creativity

Let's give a detailed description of each of them.

Technical creativity

Technical creativity is the process of mastering technical knowledge and creating technical systems based on previous experience and knowledge.

The purpose of technical creativity is the development of the technical abilities of the individual, the formation of his technical solution.

The incentive is scientific and technological progress.

Classification of technical creativity

I. According to the degree of connection with technology

1. Purely technical types (modeling, design, computer programming, etc.);

2. With a predominance of the aesthetic moment (cinema and amateur photography, art casting, Kuznetsk work, etc.);

3. With a sports dominant (karting, model aircraft, hang gliding, etc.).

1. Technical creativity associated with the latest areas of technology (electronics, computer technology);

2. Technical creativity associated with traditional areas of technology (mechanics);

3. Technical creativity associated with crafts associated with the simplest "ancient technology" (carpentry, artistic processing of metal, stone, etc.).

III. According to the degree of creative contribution

1. Design and creation of fundamentally new material systems. Possible solution at the level of the invention.

2. Repetition of known technical systems with minor changes.

3. Modeling.

4. Mastery in the operation of something (repair, virtuoso work with a ready-made "purchased" system).

There is technical creativity in the professional sphere (the All-Russian Society of Inventors and Innovators - VOIR, the Bureau of Innovators and Inventors at Factories - BRIZ), as well as technical creativity that is not related to professional production activities. It can be both unorganized and organized amateur activities, represented by such forms as stations of young technicians and youth technical clubs.

Applied art

Applied art is the process of independent creation of materialized objects that have a utilitarian value.

Goals of applied art:

Education of artistic creativity or the creation of real things through the introduction of artistic taste;

Mastering certain skills and abilities;

Elimination of professional limitations of the individual.

Applied creativity synthesizes artistic and technical creativity, it has a utilitarian meaning, since all products are used in everyday life. Applied art teams were among the first in Russian cultural and leisure practice to work on a self-sustaining basis.

natural science creativity

Natural science creativity is a process for the development of the logical abilities of an individual.

The purpose of natural science creativity is to discipline a person’s thinking, to teach him to think logically.

In cultural and leisure activities, elements of scientific creativity are associated with:

a) Humanitarian research - associations of local history, search orientation, Brain Ring clubs, art history clubs of interest (Clubs for lovers of reading, lovers of science fiction, poetry, ballet, theater, literary and musical living rooms, etc.);

b) Natural science research - environmental associations, associations related to such sciences as astronomy, archeology, geology, biology, zoology (Clubs of cactus lovers, aquarists, cats, dogs, exotic animals, pigeons and birds, ufology, etc.) .

Forms of work - expeditions, scientific conferences, seminars, exhibitions.

Socio-political amateur performance

Two types of associations of socio-political amateur performance:

1. Associations of a political orientation set themselves political goals and objectives. It can be mass movements, for example, the Popular Fronts of Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia.

2. Associations of social orientation set themselves the goal of protecting the social rights of certain categories of citizens. These include the Clubs of Veterans of the Great Patriotic War and Labor, the wars in Afghanistan, Chechnya, the Chernobyl Union, the Committee for the Protection of the Victims of Stalinist Repressions, the Committee for Juvenile Prisoners of Fascism, the Union of Large Families, etc.

Physical culture and recreation activities

Teams of physical culture and health-improving orientation function in almost all cultural and leisure institutions that work in two directions:

Promotion of physical culture.

Promotion of healthy lifestyles.

The first direction includes jogging clubs, health clubs, tourist clubs, aerobics (shaping, fitness) clubs, athletic gymnastics clubs, paintball, bowling, billiards, towns, arm wrestling, darts, extreme activities, etc.

The second direction includes hardening clubs or walrus clubs; associations that promote the teachings of Porfiry Ivanov and have one name - "Illumination", associations that promote healthy eating, vegetarian clubs, sobriety clubs, etc.

Artistic creativity

Artistic creativity is the process of creating new, never been original, socially significant spiritual values ​​based on previous experience and knowledge.

The goals of amateur artistic creativity:

Education of aesthetic artistic taste;

Development of the creative abilities of the individual;

Art propaganda.

There are 2 levels of artistic creativity:

Level 1 - reproductive (performing)

Level 2 - creative (directly creativity)

ARTISTIC CREATIVITY = ARTISTIC ARTISTRY + CREATIVE LEVEL

Classification of amateur performances

I. By focusing on the main layers of artistic culture

1. Amateur art activities focused on ethno-folklore types of national folk art (national folklore groups, ensembles of accordion players, spoon players, the “Play, accordion!” Movement, etc.);

2. Amateur art activities focused on types, schools, styles of professional (academic) art (academic and folk choirs, orchestras, theatrical, choreographic groups, literary associations, photographic studios, etc.);

3. Artistic amateur performances are original, having no analogue either in professional or in folk art (KVN teams, propaganda teams, amateur song clubs, etc.).

II. By type of creativity

1. Performing amateur performances (musical, choreographic, theatrical, circus groups);

3. Improvisational amateur performances (musical session, burime, entertainer, parodies, etc.).

III. By the degree of organization and the subject of the organization

1. Unorganized or informal (self-organizing), as a rule, temporary, unstable (yard, in youth companies, etc.);

2. Amateur activities of unstable organizational forms, organized in absentia by the media (on the pages of newspapers and magazines, for example, the Club of Business Women or the Grace Club, the TV Club What? Where? When?);

3. Amateur activity, organized into stable associations of various types on the basis of various socio-cultural institutions, socially controlled and pedagogically directed.

IV. By predominant type of activity

1. Educational type associations (studios)

2. Cognitive and art-research associations (art history associations, debating club "Culture and the spiritual world of the individual", B. Pasternak's poetry lovers club, etc.);

3. Artistic and propaganda and artistic and organizational (propaganda teams);

4. Game-type associations (KVN teams, brain ring, "Dad, Mom and I are a sports family");

5. Creative associations (amateur groups);

6. Unions of complex type.

V. By location (location)

1. Rural amateur performances

2. Amateur art activities of small towns (with a weak artistic and professional background);

3. Amateur art activities of a large city (with a strong artistic and professional background).

VI. By age group

1. Children's amateur performances (preschool, primary school age, teenagers, youth);

2. Amateur art activities of adults (youth and older age groups);

3. Amateur art groups of different ages.


List of used literature

1. Drankov, V.L. The nature of artistic talent / V.L. Drankov; St. Petersburg State. University of Culture and Arts. - St. Petersburg, 2009. - 324 p.

2. Kargin, A.S. Educational work in an amateur art group. – M.: Enlightenment, 2008.

3. Kargin, A.S. Folk art culture: a course of lectures for students of higher and secondary educational institutions of culture and art. Tutorial. - M .: State. Republican center of Russian folklore. 2007. - 288 p.

4. Meerovich, M.I., Shragina, L.I. Technology of creative thinking: Practical thinking. - Minsk: Harvest, 2008. - 432 p.

5. Mikhailova, L.I. Folk art and its place in Russian culture / L.I. Mikhailova // Sociol. research – 2009.-No. 4.- P.3-16.

6. Popova, F.Kh. Social signs of amateur creativity. On Sat. Socio-cultural space of the region: mater. Regional scientific-practical. conf. - Tyumen, Vector Book, 2004. - P.21-25.

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