What does it mean to emphasize the grammatical basis of a sentence. Lesson summary "simple sentence and its grammatical basis"

Task Formulation:

Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence 51. Write down the answer with a number:
(51) Anna Fedotovna closed her blind eyes, listened intently, but her soul was silent, and her son's voice no longer sounded in her.

Correct answer: 3

A comment: 1st basis - Anna Fedotovna closed her eyes, listened; 2nd - the soul was silent; 3rd - the voice did not sound.

Task 11 related to task 8OGE in Russian, in which it is required to write out the grammatical basis. Therefore, you should first repeat (Link will open in a new window). Given the specifics of task 11, your main task is to count the number of stems in the sentence. Therefore, in this article we will consider the theoretical material in more detail.

What you need to know:

Subject

SUBJECT- this is the main member of the sentence, denoting the object, the action or sign of which is expressed by the predicate, and answering the questions "who?", "What?". You can ask a question that will help you in any situation: "Who (or what) is doing the action?" When parsing a sentence, the subject is underlined with one line.

Most often, the subject is expressed by a noun or personal pronoun in the nominative case (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they).

Example: The book was on the table. In this sentence, the subject is - book. She was on the table. In this sentence, the subject is - she.

The subject can be:

1. any part of speech used in the meaning of a noun: Smart won't go uphill smart bypass the mountain(adjective in the sense of a noun). Asleep did not notice that the train had left for the depot (participle in the meaning of a noun) Walked towards him three (numeral).

2. indefinite form of the verb: Observe chasing birds is our cat's favorite pastime.

3. pronouns of other categories (relative-interrogative, definitive, demonstrative) in the nominative case: Who feed the cat? You can't help but love a cat which lives in our house.

The subject expressed by the phrase

The subject can be expressed as a whole value phrase:

1. proper name: At first sight Maria Sergeevna he didn't like, Black Sea Wonderful;

2. stable combination of words: Ugly duck actually was a swan. Railway goes along the coast of the Black Sea;

3. phraseological unit: Disservice in the form of a crib thrown by a comrade, prevented him from passing the exam the first time;

4. combination of a numeral with a noun in the genitive case:They sat on the bench three old men ;

5. a combination of a noun that has a quantitative meaning (most, series, part, etc.) with a noun in the genitive case: Part of a class went on an excursion;

6. a combination of an adjective, numeral or pronoun in the nominative case and a noun in the genitive case with a preposition from: Each of us wanted to be excellent;

7. combination of an indefinite pronoun with an adjective: Each of us has something special;

8. a combination of a noun or pronoun in the form of the nominative case with a noun or pronoun in the form of the instrumental case with the preposition c: Me and Tamara we go as a couple. (A. Barto)

In all these cases, the subject is the whole phrase, and not individual words in its composition.

1. It is necessary to distinguish nouns in the accusative case (they answer the questions “who?”, “What?” and are dependent words, performing the role of additions in the sentence) from nouns in the nominative case (they answer the questions “who?”, “What?” And play the role of the subject).

Example: The wind shakes the ear. In this sentence, two words answer the question "what?": wind and ear. But only the word wind is the subject, because it correlates with the predicate, therefore, it is in the nominative case. And the word ear is an addition. All new interested in young people. The subject here is "everything new," since its action is interesting. And the word youth is an addition.

2. There are sentences that do not have a subject. These are two-part incomplete or one-part sentences.

Example: From somewhere it blew. To me made it possible fix double.

Predicate

PREDICATE- this is the main member of the sentence, denoting the action or sign of the subject and answering the questions "what does it do?" or "what uhis that so? When parsing a sentence, the predicate is underlined by two lines.

Example: The guys underlined the predicate with two lines

Three types of predicate are studied at school: simple verb, compound verb, compound nominal.

Simple verb predicate

A simple verbal predicate can be expressed:

1. With one verb in the form of indicative, imperative or conditional mood: Masha does his homework. Masha does not do her homework (negative particle Not always included in the predicate). Masha will do homework. (will do - this is a compound form of the future tense of the verb to do.) Do your homework! Let him do his homework (let him do it - this is an imperative mood formed with the help of a particle, even if the form is 3 l. singular of the verb). Masha would do homework if she felt good (would do - this is the form of the verb in the conditional mood).

2. A stable combination of verbal character: The student came to the conclusion (= understood) that the predicate consists of several words. I I will take part(= will participate) in testing.

3. Phraseologism (in such cases, the predicate is the entire phraseological unit, and not individual words included in the phraseological unit) : Quite beat the buckets! (= to mess around). Opponents often put sticks in each other's wheels (= interfere).

Compound verb predicate

A compound verb predicate can consist of:

1. An auxiliary verb denoting the beginning, continuation or end of an action, and an indefinite form of the verb: Wind continued to howl. I started studying literary theory.

2. An auxiliary verb denoting the desire, ability, ability or intention to perform an action, and an indefinite form of the verb:Mom wants to go to the sea.

3. The short form of the adjective (glad, must, must, ready, etc.) and the indefinite form of the verb : Everyone should study well. Children able to rejoice life. I was glad to help you.

4. A stable combination and an indefinite form of a verb A:I didn't want to take a walk down the street in such a frost.

5. Predicative adverbs: it is possible, it is impossible, it is necessary, it is necessary, it is necessary and the indefinite form of the verb: I need to finish the job. It's impossible not to think about future. Sometimes need to think not only about yourself. I should have talked about it right away.

The compound verb predicate always contains the indefinite form of the verb. Moreover, the indefinite form of the verb is not always included in the predicate.

Etc Name:
- Vasya began to sing.
- Petya asked Vasya

sing quieter.
In the first sentence, sing is part of the compound verb predicate, and in the second it is an addition (asked for what?).
I want to rest. She sat down (for what purpose?) to rest

Compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal predicate may consist of:

1. Linking verbs and nouns, adjectives, participles, adverbs, pronouns, etc.: The sky was overcast. Outside the window it was getting dark. Sun on the horizon seemed huge. Sea it was blue.

2. Noun, adjective, participle, adverb, pronoun, etc. and zero link: He doctor (he is a doctor). Mom is an engineer (mother is an engineer). Walking in the fresh air is useful (is useful). Although the predicate in these examples consists of one word, it is still called a compound nominal.

Complicated compound nominal predicate:

I I want to become a doctor.

In this case, the predicate consists of the union of two predicates: a compound nominal ( To become a doctor) and compound verb ( I want to be). Sometimes such a predicate is called complex or mixed.

I should have been a doctor.

In this case, the predicate can be represented as a combination of three predicates: a compound nominal ( had), compound verb ( should have become) and compound nominal ( To become a doctor).

If you are looking for the grammatical basis of a sentence, check

A) whether the predicate is compound. If you are dealing with a compound predicate, then the auxiliary verb and the main semantic verb or another part of speech are included in the predicate.

b) whether the predicate is expressed by a stable combination or phraseological unit. In this case, all words in the composition of a stable combination or phraseological unit are included in the predicate.

Particles in the predicate

The composition of the predicate includes some particles. The most common of these is the particle Not.

I I don't like fatalities.
I never get tired of life.
I don't like any season
When I don't sing funny songs. (V. Vysotsky)

Modal particles ( yes, let, let, let's, let's, it was like, like, like, like, exactly, hardly, almost, just etc.) are also included in the predicate.

let's talk compliments to each other. (B. Okudzhava)

Let them talk!

He almost wept with resentment.

In addition, the composition of the predicate includes particles so, yes, know (to yourself), well, so, to yourself.

Well you so late so late I've been waiting for half an hour. (As a rule, with a particle like this, the verb is repeated.)

There is noise and din in the house, and know your cat is sleeping.

Grammatical basis

The subject and predicate together form the grammatical basis of a sentence.

The grammatical basis of the sentence - the main part of the sentence, consisting of its main members: subject and predicate or one of them.

Each of us wanted to become more educated. In this sentence, the grammatical basis is - each of us wanted to be more educated.

Sometimes a sentence can have only a subject or only a predicate. Then the sentence is one-part.

A sentence can have several homogeneous subjects or several homogeneous predicates. In this case, all of them are included in the grammatical basis.

How boys, and girls passed sports standards. (Boys, girls are homogeneous subjects). Trees in a large forest during a storm groan, crackle, break down. (Moaning, cracking, breaking - homogeneous predicates).

As part of the grammatical basis, there are subject and predicate. If the sentence consists of one main member, then this is only the subject or predicate. There are no proposals without a basis (with the exception of incomplete ones)!

Stage number 1. We find the subject. WHO questions? or WHAT?

The subject is the main member of the sentence, grammatically independent.

In a typical sentence, this is the subject (in the broad sense) that the sentence is talking about. This word is in the nominative case. Most often, this is a noun or pronoun that answers the questions: Who? or What?

Examples:

• Wolf came out of the forest (What or what is the sentence talking about? About the wolf, that is, we raise the question: Who? Wolf. Noun).
• shaggy black dog suddenly jumped out from somewhere in the thicket of sedge (Who? Dog. Noun).
• I smiled and walked forward. (Who? I. Pronoun).

There are some cases when the subject is expressed in other ways (not a noun and not a pronoun):

Stage number 2. We find the predicate. Questions: WHAT IS IT DOING? (and etc.)

What are the predicates?

The predicate is connected with the subject and answers the question that is asked to it from the subject: What does the subject do?

But with the appropriate expression of the subject (see the table above), these can be other questions: What is the subject?, What is the subject), etc.

Examples:

• Wolf left the forest (We ask a question from the protagonist, from the subject: what did the wolf do? Came out - this is a predicate expressed by a verb).
• shaggy black dog suddenly jumped out from somewhere in the thickets of sedge (What did the dog do? Jumped out).
• I smiled and walked forward. (What I did - smiled and went).

There are three types of predicates in Russian:

• Simple verb (one verb). Example: The wolf is out.
• Compound verb (auxiliary verb + infinitive). Example: I am hungry. I have to go to Suzdal (essentially two verbs in the predicate).
• Compound nominal (verb-link + nominal part). Example: I will be a teacher (essentially a verb and another part of speech in the predicate).

see also:

• Materials on the topic: and "".

Difficult cases in determining predicates

Situation 1. Often problems with the definition of the predicate arise in a situation where a simple verbal predicate is expressed in more than one word. Example: Today you will not have lunch alone (= you will have lunch).

In this sentence, the predicate you will have lunch is a simple verb, it is expressed in two words for the reason that it is a compound form of the future tense.

Situation 2. I got into difficulty doing this work (= found it difficult). The predicate is expressed by a phraseological unit.

Situation 3. Another difficult case is sentences in which the compound predicate is represented by the form of a short participle. Example: Doors are always open.

An error in determining the type of predicate may be due to an incorrect definition of the part of speech (should be distinguished from the verb short participle). In fact, in this sentence, the predicate is a compound nominal, and not a simple verb, as it might seem.

Why compound, if expressed in one word? Because in the present tense, the verb has a zero link. If you put the predicate in the form of the past or future tense, then it will appear. Compare. doors always will open. doors always were open.

Situation 4. A similar error can also occur in the case of expressing the nominal part of a compound nominal predicate with a noun or adverb.

Example. Our hut is the second from the edge. (Compare: Our hut was the second from the edge).

Dasha is married to Sasha (Compare: Dasha was married to Sasha).

Remember that words are part of the compound predicate can, must, can't.

Determining the stem in one-part sentences

In denominative sentences, the stem will be presented by the subject.

Example: Winter morning.

In indefinite personal sentences there is only a predicate. The subject is not expressed, but it is clear.

Example: I love the storm in early May.

The most difficult case of expressing the stem in impersonal sentences. Most often, these are just different types of compound nominal predicates.

Examples A: I need to act. The house is warm. I'm upset. There is no comfort, no peace.

If you do not form the skill of determining the basis of a sentence in the lower grades, then this will lead to difficulties in the analysis of one-part and complex sentences in grades 8-9. If you gradually develop this skill by the method of complication, then all problems will be resolved.

is a syntactic unit containing a thought and consisting of one or more words. With the help of a sentence, you can express thoughts and feelings, an order, a request, etc. For example: Morning. The sun rises from the horizon. Open the window! What a wonderful morning!

The offer is minimum unit of utterance . In sentences, words are linked together by syntactic links. Therefore, sentences can be defined as strings of syntactically related words . Thanks to this, even in a text without punctuation marks (for example, in the monuments of ancient Russian writing), one can guess where one sentence ends and another begins.

Features of the offer:

1. A sentence is a statement about something in the form of a message, question or motivation.
2. The sentence is the basic unit of communication.
3. The sentence has intonational and semantic completeness.
4. The proposal has a certain structure (structure). Its core is the grammatical basis.
5. The sentence has lexical and grammatical meaning.

Lexical meaning sentences are its specific content. Winter was snowy and frosty.

grammatical meaning sentences are the general meaning of sentences of the same structure, abstracted from their specific content. She went on a tour (person and action). Travelers are cold and tired (person and his condition).

Meaning and intonation offers are narrative (contain a message) interrogative(contain a question) exclamatory (pronounced with a strong feeling, with an exclamation), incentive(induce to action), for example: Golden Moscow is the best. Are you funny? And what stars! Raise your sword higher! (According to I. Shmelev)

By the presence of secondary members both one-part and two-part sentences can be uncommon (no minor members) and widespread (there are secondary members), for example: I doze (simple two-part uncommon preposition). Ice has grown on the windows (a simple two-part common preposition).

By the presence or partial absence of members of the proposal proposals can be complete and incomplete , For example: In a cold room, a Christmas tree mysteriously slumbers a (full sentence). Glass - penny (incomplete sentence, predicate released costs ). (According to I. Shmelev)

Grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence

Offers have grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate or one of them. For example: Freezing. White beauty birch. I'm afraid. There is a rainbow over Moscow. (According to I. Shmelev)

The grammatical basis may include both both main members suggestions, and one of them- subject or predicate. Stars fade and fade. Night. Freezes. (I. Nikitin)

According to the structure of the grammatical basis simple sentences are divided into two-part (with two main members) and one-component (with one main member): Trumpets rumble in the passage. It smells of rubbed floors, mastic, Christmas tree. Here is frost! (According to I. Shmelev)

By the number of grammatical bases proposals are divided into simple(one grammatical basis) and complex(two or more bases related to each other in meaning, intonationally and with the help of lexical means). For example: Our Christmas is coming from afar (simple suggestion). The priests sing under the icon, and the huge deacon cries out so terribly that my chest shudders. (complex preposition). (According to I. Shmelev)

Subject and predicate

Subject- the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the predicate and answers the questions of the nominative case Who? or What?

Ways of expressing the subject:

1. A noun in the nominative case or another part of speech used in the meaning of a noun. Meanwhile sky(n.) continued to clear. Our fallen(and) - like sentries.
2. Pronoun in the nominative case. You you bloom alone, and I can’t return these golden dreams, this deep faith (A. Blok).
3. Infinitive. Work it was not difficult, and most importantly - fun (P. Pavlenko).
4. Phraseologisms. Skillful fingers were with this master (P. Bazhov).
5. Indivisible phrase. We are with a friend we left before sunrise (M. Sholokhov).

Predicate- the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers questions what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? what is he? who is he?Dissuaded golden grove (S. Yesenin).

In a sentence, as a unit of connected speech, all words differ in function and are divided into primary and secondary. The main members express the key table of contents of the statement and are its grammatical basis. Without them, the proposal has no meaning and cannot exist.

Instruction

1. To highlight grammar basis any offers, you need to find and emphasize its main members. These include the subject and the predicate.

2. The subject is what is being said in the sentence. It invariably stands in its original form (nominative or infinitive) and, as usual, answers the questions: “who?”, “What?”. The subject is expressed by approximately all parts of speech, if they act in the meaning of a noun in the nominative case. The noun itself: "what?" The truth does not always lie on the surface. Pronoun: "who?" I am not a follower of drastic measures. Adjective or participle: "who?" the well-fed does not understand the hungry; "Who?" vacationers were waiting for the bus. Numerals: "who?" three were responsible for cleaning up the area. Infinitive (indefinite form of the verb): singing is her passion. Any word that has the meaning of a noun in the nominative case: "what?" oohs and aahs came from the street. Phraseologism: "who?" from small to large went out into the field. Compound title: "what?" The Milky Way stretched out in a wide strip. Syntactically complete phrase: "who?" Grandma and I went home.

3. The predicate indicates what exactly is being reported about the subject, and answers the questions: “what is he doing?”, “what is he like?”, “what is happening to him?” etc. Depending on the method of expression, the predicate may be a simple verb; compound nominal; compound verb and difficult.

4. The primitive verbal predicate is expressed by the verb in the form of one of the moods: the letter “what did you do?” came in a timely manner. The combined nominal predicate consists of 2 parts (a copula and a nominal part): he “what did he do?” was a builder ("was a builder" - a predicate). The combined verb is made up of a copula and an infinitive: the children “what did they do?” stopped quarreling. A difficult predicate is a combination of elements of a compound nominal and a compound verb predicate: my brother invariably “what did he do?” wanted to be a lawyer. the last part offers(“I wanted to work as a lawyer”) is a difficult predicate, since only all the words as a whole provide the necessary information about the subject.

5. To determine the grammatical basis, read the whole sentence and determine whether it is primitive or difficult, consisting of 2 or more primitive ones. If the sentence belongs to the first type, then it will have one grammatical basis, and if it belongs to the second, then several. It depends on the number of primitives offers included in the difficult. Let's say: we were late because it was pouring downpour. “We were late” and “it poured downpour” - the grammatical foundations of the complex offers .

6. Find the subject in the sentence. To do this, ask the questions “who?”, “What?” and identify the word or phrase that answers them. After that, from the discovered subject, ask the questions “what is he doing?”, “What is he like?” and discover the predicate.

7. If there is only one of the main members, then this is a one-part sentence. Please note that for its understanding and interpretation it is not necessary to refer to the context. In Russian, there are five varieties of single-component sentences: denominative (with subject) “Hot July Day”; definitely-proper, indefinitely-proper, generalized-proper and impersonal (with a predicate). "Get busy." "You are being asked." "A reasonable person you recognize immediately." "Darker".

8. In syntactic parsing, the subject is underlined with one line, and the predicate with two.

In the Russian language lessons, students are required to master not only the skills of literate writing, but also the knowledge to see the construction of a sentence, to highlight its members. To do this, you need to learn to distinguish the main and secondary members. How to find the subject in a sentence? What are its main signs?

Instruction

1. Before everyone, you must know that all members of the sentence are divided into two groups: main and secondary. The main members are the subject and the predicate. They form the grammatical basis of the sentence. In order to find the subject, try to put a question to the word. It answers the question of the nominative case ("who?" Or "what?"). For example, in the sentence "Spring will come soon" to the question "what?" answers the word "spring". That is what the sentence is talking about. Remember that the subject is the main member of the sentence, the one that denotes who or what the sentence says. These words are traditionally expressed in the nominative case.

2. The subject can be nouns (more often than not), pronouns, participles, numerals, and even an indefinite form of the verb. So, in the sentence "To live - to serve the motherland" the word "to live" will be the subject. It is an indefinite form of the verb. Please note that in this sentence there is a dash between the main members. This happens, among other things, when the subject and predicate are expressed in an indefinite form of the verb. In the sentence “We had a great rest,” the main member of the sentence, answering the question “who?” is the pronoun "we".

3. In a sentence in which there is a verb, it is easier to detect. It is a word denoting the one who does the action. Consider the sentence: “The children happily rushed to the river.” You see that it has the verb “rushed.” Identify who is doing this action. This word will be the subject. Consequently, the word "children" answers the question of the nominative case, indicates the one who does the action and is the main member in this sentence, namely, the subject.

4. The subject can also be an indivisible combination of words. For example, in the sentence “A man with a child floated down the river”, the subject is the phrase “a man with a child.” Pay attention to the verb “floated”. It is used in the plural form. Consequently, the subject will be more than one word, oh, a phrase. This allows us to say that the action does not one, but two faces.

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It is known from the school curriculum that one-component sentences are called impersonal, which indicate an action or a state that arises and exists independently from the carrier of the state or the manufacturer of the action.

Impersonal offers hefty colorful, short. They are of great importance in the dialogues of works of art. Often used in colloquial speech. In the text, this kind of offers We express the states of nature, the environment, the well-being of a person, his mental and physical state. impersonal offers It is easier for us to formulate the impracticability, the inevitability of action, the denial. Also, according to Dietmar Rosenthal, these syntactic constructions have a shade of inertia, passivity. According to another well-known linguist, Alexander Peshkovsky, with the support of impersonal sentences, it is possible to express: - ease of action. Such a construction helps the author to show that the action takes place on its own, without the efforts of a person (“It was sown freely ...”); - a state that a person himself cannot cope with ("She could not sit still"); - the suddenness of an act. When people themselves do not expect such actions from themselves (“Here I’m going to them ...,” Brykin said by itself”); - the time when the action is performed on its own, against the freedom of man. Some reasons, sometimes unclear (retreat and an impersonal form of expression), stop him, force him to act differently (“What, couldn’t you say?” Tanya asked. “Yes, somehow it didn’t affect,” he answered her "); - the work of memory, its clarification and other features of the body ("Suddenly, my head started to work very clearly. I remembered: I was driving across a faded field. "); - cardiac processes associated with the activity of the imagination ("Now I'm dreaming: I would get sick for weeks on two, three"); - a person's hope for something that has no basis. A person believes because wants it to come true (“It was believed for some reason that spring would be early”); - the work of thought, which is performed independently on whether a person wants to think about it or not (“And I also thought that now everything will go differently”) Thus, the universal meaning of impersonal sentences is the statement of an independent action (sign) that is not correlated with the agent.

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When parsing a sentence, you must first find it basis. Thus, the construction of the phrase becomes clear, as well as often where and how to place punctuation marks. Consequently, any person who wants to write correctly, it is desirable to be able to determine this basis .

Instruction

1. Define what a grammatical basis is. More often than not, it is represented by the subject, expressing the object or subject of the action, and the predicate, which describes the action. Such proposals are called 2-combined. A single-component base becomes if one of the 2 elements is missing in it.

2. Find the subject in the sentence. It should mean something about someone or something. It should also answer the question "who?" or "what?". The subject can be expressed by different parts of speech. More often than not, this is a noun in the nominative case. The subject may also be a pronoun, and not only personal, but also indefinite, interrogative or negative. It must also be in the nominative case. If the supposed subject is part of an inseparable phrase, say, "Ural Mountains", then each phrase becomes part of the stem of the sentence.

3. Highlight the predicate in the analyzed phrase. It must denote an action done by or on the subject. More often than not, this member of the sentence is expressed by a predicate, and verbal adjectives also occur in this role. The predicate must agree with the subject in person, number and gender.

4. When performing a written task, underline the subject with one, and the predicate with two lines.

5. When finding several subjects and predicates, analyze the construction of the sentence. If you see two or more semantic combinations of sentence members in front of you, then we are talking about a difficult sentence with a coordinating or subordinating connection. In the case when several predicates refer to one subject and vice versa, then you have a primitive sentence with an extended stem. However, such repeating elements must still be connected with the union "and" or separated by commas.

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The grammatical basis of a sentence is its most important structural part, which largely determines the meaning of each phrase. The grammatical basis in linguistics is often called the predicative core. The term "predicative basis" is also often used. This grammatical phenomenon exists in many languages.

Instruction

1. Determine if the phrase you need to parse is actually a sentence. Some phrases in Russian are both sentences and statements at the same time, but there are also those that can only be attributed to the 2nd category. In the first case, it is allowed to single out the members of the sentence in the phrase or to determine their syntactic positions. As usual, statements consisting of several words are sentences.

2. Find the subject. This member of the sentence denotes the subject, the action of which is described in the phrase itself. The subject is grammatically independent, it answers the questions of the nominative case. However, the subject can also be expressed by another part of speech, which in this case will perform the functions of a noun. Consequently, determine the active object, even if it is expressed not by a completely familiar part of speech or by a noun not in the nominative case. For example, in the sentence “VKontakte invites you to register”, the subject will be “VKontakte”. At the same time, in the sentence “The VKontakte public network invites you to register”, the subject will be the word “network”.

3. Define the predicate. It denotes the action of the subject and answers the questions of verbs. Remember that the predicate cannot always be expressed by the verb. The verb predicate can be simple or compound. In the second case, the grammatical basis includes both verbs, that is, standing in the individual form and in the infinitive. The combination of subject and predicate is the predicative core.

4. One of the main members of the proposal may be missing. In this case, the statement remains a sentence if it is allowed to determine the position of the missing member of the sentence. Occasionally, this can only be learned from the context. Let's say that the participants in the dialogue can discuss someone's actions and answer each other's questions in one word. It is clear to the interlocutors who or what is being discussed, they can only name the actions of the subject. In this case, there is a grammatical basis, but it consists of one member of the sentence. For example, if the interlocutors talked about social networks before, then one of them may ask which one is preferable. The result of "VKontakte" is a sentence, from the fact that there is a subject and a predicate is implied.

Note!
In some cases, syncretic members of a sentence are part of the grammatical core. They are grammatically connected with both the subject and the predicate and can simultaneously be the subject and, say, the circumstance.

Helpful advice
Be extremely careful in cases where phraseological cycles occur in a sentence. The subject can be expressed in such a cycle, and then in the grammatical basis there will be not two words, but several, and it is unthinkable to divide them.

A large amount of time is given to the grammatical analysis of sentences in the Russian language lessons, it is certainly included in the final control program. Schoolchildren need to be able to correctly determine the grammatical basis of the sentence; tea, in case of an error, the entire task will be considered unfulfilled.

You will need

• -offer;
• -ruler;
• -pencil.

Instruction

1. Study the offer carefully. Remember that the definition of the grammatical basis is the first stage from which its review begins. Every proposal has a basis! In most cases, it consists of a subject and a predicate, but can be represented by only one of them. Such proposals are referred to as two-part and one-part sentences, respectively. In difficult sentences, there are often two grammatical bases or more.

2. Find the subject in the sentence you are comprehending and underline it. In order not to confuse the subject and the object, it should be remembered that the subject answers the questions “who? What?". It can be expressed both by a noun or a pronoun in the nominative case, and by other parts of speech: adjective, numeral, verb. If the pronoun in the sentence is in a different case, then with a high probability it will be an addition. The subject can consist of one or more words and is underlined when parsing with one horizontal line. He is hot. (There is no subject in this sentence, the predicate is hot). The walls were decorated with beautiful paintings. (Pictures - subject, decorated - predicate). The strongest of the children quickly ran to the finish line. (The strongest of the children is the subject, ran - the predicate).

3. Find the predicate and underline it. To do this, you need to ask questions from the subject “what is he doing? what is he? More often than not, the predicate is expressed by a verb, but, as in the case of the subject, other parts of speech can be used: noun, adjective, adverb. The verb predicate can be represented by one or more words. When parsed, it is underlined by two parallel horizontal lines. The students did not find the notebooks. (Students - the subject, did not find the predicate). The mental game is chess. (Chess is the subject, the game is the predicate). It got dark. (The sentence consists of one predicate). I need to get off at the next stop. (Combined predicate - you need to get out)

Tip 7: How to determine the grammatical basis of a sentence

In order to understand the grammatical structure of a sentence, it is necessary to discover its basis before everyone. To do this, use the methods developed by linguists. When you understand the basis of a sentence, you will be able to, say, correctly punctuate.

Instruction

1. Find out what the grammatical basis is. These are the main members of the sentence - the subject and the predicate, which traditionally constitute the core sense of the sentence. In some cases, sentences may contain only the subject or only the predicate, as well as several words that perform identical functions of the main members of the sentence.

2. Find the subject. Most often it is expressed by a noun or a pronoun. In this case, it certainly stands in the nominative case and answers the question "who?" or "what?". In a rare case, the role of an object or subject of an action in a sentence is played by a numeral or even a whole phrase. If you see a proper name in the nominative case in a sentence, it is highly likely that this will be the subject.

3. Determine the predicate in the sentence. It denotes the action of the subject, the one that is the subject. In most sentences, the predicate is a verb coordinated with the subject in number and gender. Also, this member of the sentence can be expressed by verbal phrases, verbal adjectives and even nouns. The verb must answer the question "who does?" or “what is he doing?”, grammatically coordinated with the first part of the stem of the sentence.

4. Mark the found basis in the sentence. Underline the subject with one constant horizontal line, and the predicate with two.

5. If there are several subjects and predicates, specify the grammatical structure of the sentence. If all subjects and predicates agree with each other grammatically and in meaning, then this indicates a primitive sentence. On the contrary, if they are independent and have an independent meaning, then you have sentences with two or more stems, between which there is a coordinating or subordinating connection.

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Note!
Be careful if the sentence contains the words "to be", "to be", "to appear". Emphasizing only them, it is easy to make a mistake and skip another part of the predicate.

Helpful advice
The words “permitted”, “necessary”, “impossible”, “necessary” are included in the combined predicate.

When studying the Russian language, each student sooner or later comes across such a concept as a grammatical basis. What is it? The grammatical basis is the “foundation” of the sentence or its main part, consisting of the subject and the predicate (sometimes the sentence consists of one or another part, that is, the subject or the predicate). In one sentence, one or several grammatical bases can occur.

How to find the grammatical basis

Skills in finding a grammatical basis will help the student to quickly and correctly punctuate and determine its meaning.

The grammatical basis and all its constituent parts can be determined with the help of correctly chosen questions.

To correctly determine the grammatical basis, first read the entire sentence well and try to understand its essence. Conditionally divide the sentence into several parts according to the meaning. Then move on to defining the subject. Please note that some offers do not contain it. In this case, the search for a grammatical basis begins and ends with the search for a predicate. If you have a sentence with two components, then immediately proceed to the definition of the subject. Here you need to be extremely careful, since the correct definition of the grammatical basis as a whole will depend on the definition of the subject.

Then move on to the definition of the predicate. To do this, ask a question from the subject. The predicate characterizes the action of the object, its property, etc.

The dependence of the grammatical basis on the type of sentence

A simple sentence contains only one grammatical basis, while a complex one contains two or more. A one-part sentence contains only one part of the grammatical basis (subject or predicate). In a two-part sentence, both the subject and the predicate occur.

Examples

To better understand the essence of the topic, we give a few examples.

1. Clouds covered the sun.
   In this simple example, determining the grammatical basis is not so difficult. The subject is the word "clouds". It answers the question "what?". The predicate is the verb "closed", which answers the question "what did you do?". Thus, the grammatical basis is the phrase “clouds closed”.
2. My aunt was in a hurry to work.
   In this case, the subject is "my aunt" and the verb is "in a hurry." So the grammatical basis is "my aunt was in a hurry"
3. That's how I was taught.
   In this case, there is no subject in the basis, there is only the predicate "taught". It will be the grammatical basis.

The grammatical basis is the core of the sentence, the correct definition of which will allow you to correctly identify the remaining members of the sentence, correctly punctuate and determine the meaning of the text.