"take care of honor from a young age" - about the meaning of morality in the modern world. Composition Take care of honor from a young age based on the work of A.S.

The question of honor occupies the first place among moral symbols. You can survive the collapse of the economy, you can come to terms, although very difficult, with the collapse of the state, you can finally endure even parting with the dearest people and with the Motherland, but not a single people on earth will ever come to terms with the decay of morality. In human society, dishonorable people have always been treated with contempt.

The loss of honor is the fall of moral principles, followed by inevitable punishment. Immorality destroys a person's personality, entire nations have disappeared from the face of the earth as a result of the fact that their rulers forgot about moral standards.

Russian writers have always addressed the issue of honor in their works. We can say that this problem was and is one of the central ones in the great Russian literature.

The concept of honor is brought up in a person from childhood. On the example of A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" we can trace how this happens in life and what results it leads to. The protagonist of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, received a good upbringing in childhood. He had someone to take an example from. Pushkin, through the mouth of Savelich, on the first pages of the story, introduces readers to the moral attitudes of the Grinev family: “It seems that neither father nor grandfather were drunkards; there’s nothing to say about mother ..." With these words, the old servant of his ward Pyotr Grinev, who for the first time got drunk and behaved inappropriately.

The first time Pyotr Grinev acted honorably, returning the card debt, although in that situation Savelich tried to persuade him to evade the calculation. But nobility prevailed. A man of honor, in my opinion, is always kind and disinterested in dealing with others. For example, Pyotr Grinev, despite Savelich's displeasure, thanked the tramp for his service by presenting him with a hare sheepskin coat. His act in the future saved both of their lives. This episode, as it were, says that fate itself preserves a person who lives by honor. But the point is also that people remember the good, which means that a noble person has more chances for worldly happiness.

Moral trials awaited Grinev in the fortress where he served. Shvabrin interferes with Grinev's love for Masha Mironova, weaves intrigues. In the end, it comes down to a duel. Shvabrin is the opposite of Grinev in everything. He is a selfish and ignoble person. Even during a duel, he did not hesitate to take advantage of a dishonorable situation to strike. Fate in the future will also present him with an account for his position in life, but completely different from Grinev.

Shvabrin will join Pugachev, and he will be condemned as an officer who has violated his oath. On the example of Shvabrin, Pushkin shows that external culture has little effect on the formation of a person's character. After all, Shvabrin was even more educated than Grinev. He knew French novels and poetry well, and was an intelligent conversationalist. He even addicted Grinev to reading. Therefore, the conclusion suggests itself that the internal attitudes of a person, his concepts of good and evil, are of decisive importance.

During the Pugachev rebellion, the moral qualities of some heroes of the story and the baseness of the feelings of others were especially clearly manifested. We learned that Captain Mironov and his wife preferred death, but did not surrender to the mercy of the rebels. Pyotr Grinev did the same, but was pardoned by Pugachev. It seems to me that the author made it clear to the reader that Pugachev showed generosity towards the young officer not only from a feeling of gratitude for the old service. He equally, it seemed to me, appreciated in Grinev a man of honor. The leader of the popular uprising himself was not alien to the concepts of honor. Moreover, thanks to Pugachev, Grinev and Masha found each other forever.

Shvabrin was powerless in the implementation of his selfish plans. Pugachev not only did not support Shvabrin, but also clearly let him know that he was dishonest and therefore Grinev was not a competitor.

Young Grinev had influence even on Pugachev himself. So, the ataman told the officer a fairy tale he heard from an old Kalmyk woman, in which it was said that it is better to drink fresh blood once than to eat carrion for three hundred years. Of course, the fabulous eagle and raven in the fairy tale symbolize a different approach to the problems of the revolutionary transformation of the country. Pugachev clearly preferred the blood-feeding eagle. But Grinev boldly answered the ataman: "Intricate ... But to live by murder and robbery means, for me, pecking at the carrion." Pugachev, after such an answer by Grinev, plunged into deep thought.

Interesting ending to the story. It would seem that the connection with Pugachev would be fatal for Grinev. He is indeed arrested on a denunciation. He faces the death penalty, but Grinev decides for reasons of honor not to name his beloved. If he had told the whole truth about Masha, for the sake of whose salvation he, in fact, found himself in such a situation, then he would certainly have been acquitted. But at the very last moment, justice prevailed. Maria Mironova herself appeals to a lady close to the Empress to pardon Grinev. The lady takes the poor girl at her word. This fact suggests that in a society where the majority of people live in honor, justice is always easier to achieve. The lady turns out to be the Empress herself, and the fate of her beloved Masha is decided for the better.

Grinev remained a man of honor to the end. He was present at the execution of Pugachev, to whom he owed his happiness. Pugachev recognized him and nodded his head from the scaffold. This is the end of Pushkin's story,

So, the proverb "take care of honor from a young age" has the meaning of a life talisman that helps to overcome severe life trials.

The theme of honor can be called the main one in A.S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter". This work was created on the basis of a documentary work about the Pugachev uprising, which the writer was very interested in. For a long time he studied the history of the peasant revolt led by the false king, the very personality of Pugachev.
As a result of the work done, not only The History of Pugachev was born, but also The Captain's Daughter, in which Pushkin raises important questions: how a person should behave in difficult situations, which can serve as support and support in difficult times. The writer comes to the conclusion that only a sense of dignity and honor can save a person in a person. Pushkin demonstrates this throughout the entire work using the example of his heroes.
The very epigraph of The Captain's Daughter, taken from folklore, sets us up for the main theme of the story - "Take care of honor from a young age." Already from the first chapters, the theme of the honor of an officer's uniform and human duty enters into the work. So, Petrusha’s father certainly wants him to serve not in St. Petersburg, where the officers only “wind and hang out,” but in the provinces: “No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him sniff gunpowder, let him be a soldier, and not shamaton".
The theme of the honor of a soldier's uniform is inextricably linked with love for the fatherland, duty to the empress. Blessing Peter, the father admonishes him with these words: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey the bosses; do not chase after their affection; do not ask for service; do not excuse yourself from the service; and remember the proverb: take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age.
We see that the hero has made these words his life credo. In the most difficult circumstances that, by the will of fate, fell to his lot, he remained faithful to the empress and his country, because he swore to them: “No,” I answered with firmness. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.”
Even under pain of death, Grinev refuses to serve Pugachev. At the same time, the young hero behaves very simply and with dignity. Such behavior causes amazement and respect even among the “ruthless” rebel: “My sincerity struck Pugachev. “So be it,” he said, hitting me on the shoulder. “…Go to your four sides and do whatever you want.”
The theme of military honor in the story gradually develops into the theme of human honor. All the main characters of the work have it, including the "villain" Pugachev. At the very beginning, he helps travelers who get lost in a snowstorm - he leads Grinev and Savelich out of the snowstorm. For this, Peter gives the "muzhik" his rabbit sheepskin coat. Later, in a besieged fortress, when a peasant turns out to be the leader of the rebels, he remembers this sheepskin coat. Assessing the behavior of Peter, worthy and grateful, Pugachev saves his life and his uncle: “You are deeply guilty before me,” he continued; - "but I pardoned you for your virtue, because you did me a favor when I was forced to hide from my enemies."
And one more time Pugachev will save Grinev, showing nobility and honor. The false tsar will release Masha Mironova from the captivity of Shvabrin. It is important that he will do this not only out of sympathy for Grinev, but also because he considers it inadmissible to offend a girl, and, moreover, an orphan: “Which of my people dares to offend an orphan?” he shouted. - "If he were seven spans in his forehead, he would not leave my court."
Pushkin shows that with all the shortcomings, Pugachev behaves very worthily, right up to his death penalty, which was also attended by Grinev.
But the writer shows us not only positive examples. In The Captain's Tale there is also an anti-hero who traded his honor for life "behind enemy lines." This hero is Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin. Grinev meets him in the Belogorsk fortress.
From the very beginning, Shvabrin behaves unworthily. He, being rejected by Masha Mironova, slanders her, defames the honest name of the girl.
Later, when the fortress was taken by Pugachev’s troops, Shvabrin, forgetting about his origin and his oath, goes over to the side of the Cossacks: “After all, he cut his hair in a circle and now he feasts with us right there! Agile, nothing to say! And a little later, taking advantage of his position as a winner, Alexei Ivanovich vilely takes revenge on Masha: he by force - locking the girl in a room and not giving her food - tries to get her consent to marry him.
But the heroine does not even think to agree. So, along with the image of Masha Mironova, the story includes the theme of female honor and dignity. This simple girl turns out to be a strong and whole person, with strong beliefs and principles that she will uphold to the end.
So, Masha does not give up under the rough pressure of Shvabrin - she believes that it is better to die than to become the wife of a traitor: “But it would be easier for me to die than to become the wife of such a person as Alexei Ivanovich.”
Left alone, without parents and without a fiancé, arrested on Shvabrin's slander, Masha decides to go to the Empress herself.
Pushkin describes the episode of the girl's meeting with Catherine II. Masha keeps herself simple and sincere, but with great dignity: “Marya Ivanovna got up and respectfully thanked her. ... Marya Ivanovna took out a folded paper from her pocket and handed it to her unfamiliar patroness, who began to read it to herself.
As a result, the fate of the main characters is happy - they are reunited. Using their example, Pushkin shows that only honor and dignity are true helpers and guides in difficult life situations.
A person is often not free to control his own destiny, but how to behave, what principles to follow - this choice always remains only with a person. And on what decision he makes, his future life will depend. The story of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", in my opinion, is about this.

“Take care of honor from a young age” essay based on the story “The Captain’s Daughter” (2nd version)

One of the main themes of Pushkin's historical novel The Captain's Daughter is the theme of honor. This is set even in the very epigraph to the work and is picked up on its very first pages. After all, it is precisely such parting words that Andrey Petrovich Grinev gives to his young son, sending him to military service. This is also emphasized by the fact that Petrusha, the successor of the old noble family of the Grinevs, is sent by his father to serve in "a deaf and distant side." He is not looking for any concessions for his son, on the contrary, he wants him to become a real officer, a man of honor and duty. Before the eyes of Petrusha all his life was a worthy example. Pushkin emphasizes the severity of Andrei Petrovich's morals, his wisdom, self-esteem.
The concept of honor and duty in the story is ambiguous. The theme of noble honor sounds distinctly in the story of Petrusha's acquaintance with Zurin. Then the young man lost a large sum of money. Petrusha's money was kept by Savelich, and the young nobleman had to quarrel with his uncle in order to get this amount. Savelich, horrified by the amount of money lost, begged Grinev to refuse to pay the debt, saying that he did not have that kind of money. But Petrusha was inexorable. He cannot fail to pay the billiard debt, because this is a matter of noble honor.
In the history of Grinev's relationship with Masha Mironova, the theme of honor also arises. The girl was terribly slandered by Shvabrin. It was simply impossible for Petrusha to endure such a thing. Defending the honor of his beloved girl, he challenges the scoundrel to a duel, which was prevented by the intervention of the commandant. Nevertheless, she resumed, because a truly honest and decent person could not tolerate such treatment of a girl. Here we are talking about the honor of the lady, about the duty to her.
Having fallen in love with a young girl, he feels responsible for her fate. To protect and protect his beloved is his direct duty. Therefore, when Masha becomes a prisoner of Shvabrin, Grinev is ready to do anything to save her. Very interesting is the fact that Petrusha did not find any support from the official authorities. At this moment, he is ready to turn to Pugachev for help. And so it turns out that it is this robber, rebel and murderer who helps him. Pugachev frees Masha, despite the fact that she is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, an officer of the enemy troops. The theme of not only knightly honor, but also that of men is connected with the image of Petrusha. After all, the main character could hardly consider himself a real man if he could not rescue his beloved from such a humiliating situation.
It is also noteworthy here that after the arrest of Grinev, a trial took place. But, defending himself, the hero could not discover the true state of things. He was afraid to involve Masha Mironova in this matter: “It occurred to me that if I named her, the commission would demand her to account; and the thought of entangling her name between the vile tales of villains and herself, bringing her to face-to-face confrontation with them - this terrible thought struck me so much that I hesitated and was embarrassed. It is easier for the hero to suffer an undeserved punishment than to offend Masha's good name. We can say that this is a truly chivalrous act, because Petrusha is ready at the cost of his life to protect the peace of Marya Ivanovna.
Also in the story one can note the theme of military honor, duty to the fatherland, loyalty to the oath. This is especially noticeable thanks to the history of Grinev's relationship with Pugachev. After the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev recognizes Petrush as his former companion and saves him from inevitable execution. But the robber demands Grinev to recognize him as a sovereign. The young man cannot do this, realizing that before him is an impostor, guilty of the death of not only the commandant of the fortress and his wife, but also many other innocent people. Grinev refuses to kiss Pugachev's hand, realizing that this could be followed by a terrible reprisal. But Pugachev does not touch Petrusha, he only joked that the young man was "stupid with joy." Grinev refuses to see his sovereign in the robber and serve him, although the life of a young man hangs in the balance. Petrusha tells Pugachev that he is a nobleman who swore allegiance to the Empress and will not break his oath. In addition, Grinev cannot even promise Pugachev that he will not oppose the rebels. After all, he is obliged to obey the themes of military duty, to obey orders. I think Pugachev was able to appreciate the nobility of Petrusha's nature, so he let him go.
Also, the theme of honor is embodied with the help of other characters. For example, Ivan Kuzmich Mironov refuses to recognize the impostor as his sovereign and prefers to die, fulfilling the duty of the commandant of the fortress to the end. For him, death is better than betrayal of his duty. Ivan Ignatievich, a garrison lieutenant who refused to swear allegiance to Pugachev, also dies heroically.
Thus, the topic of honor is close and understandable to all the positive characters of the story, each of them is ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of his duty, considering it inexpressibly better than betraying his own ideals.

“Take care of honor from a young age” essay based on the story “The Captain’s Daughter” (3rd option)

At the lessons of literature, we got acquainted with the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" An epigraph is placed before the work: "Take care of honor from a young age." I have heard this proverb more than once, but I understood its meaning only now, reflecting on what I read, comparing two heroes, Grinev and Shvabrin.
These are young officers sent to serve in the Belogorsk fortress. At first I thought that both of them are negative characters. The author writes that Shvabrin was exiled to the fortress because of participation in a duel. And Grinev from the very first pages of the story made a bad impression on me. He did not really want to study, he somehow knew how to read French, he dreamed of leading a cheerful life in St. Petersburg, serving in the guard. On the way to the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev drank and played billiards. Only in the fortress he appeared before me as a completely different person.
Here Peter defends the honor of his beloved girl, challenging Shvabrin to a duel. It didn't stop him that he might die. It's a matter of honor to protect the name of your beloved. And ahead of Grinev is waiting for an even more severe test.
The fortress is occupied by Pugachev. Shvabrin goes over to the side of the rebels (not because of ideological convictions, of course, but wanting to save his life), and Pyotr Grinev, feeling sympathy for Pugachev, refuses to serve him even under the gallows. "I swore allegiance to the sovereign - the empress, I can not serve you." This scene reveals the meaning of the proverb very well. Shvabrin tarnished his honor by becoming a traitor. Grinev showed himself to be courageous, able to keep his word, to defend his convictions.
And, finally, another act of Pyotr Grinev, confirming that he is a decent person, his trip to the rebel camp to save Masha. This episode helped me to conclude that for Grinev, honor is not only loyalty to the empress, it is nobility, the ability to love, the ability to be responsible for one's actions, and readiness for self-sacrifice. Decently getting out of difficult life situations, Grinev proved that he is a man of honor.

Darovskaya Elizabeth

Composition-reasoning based on the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" with arguments from literary works.

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A.S. Pushkin wrote the story "The Captain's Daughter" from 1833 to 1836.The central problem of the work is the problem of honor and duty, as evidenced by the epigraph: “Take care of honor from a young age”, which, as we will see later, will determine the life of the protagonist everywhere.

The author's position in this text is expressed indirectly, through the actions and thoughts of the protagonist (the narration is conducted on behalf of the protagonist). At the beginning of the story, we see Pyotr Grinev as a minor, “chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys,” but from childhood he lived in an atmosphere of extraordinary morality. The first time Grinev acted honorably, returning the card debt, although Savelich tried to dissuade him from such a step. But the innate nobility of the nobleman prevailed here too. A man of honor, Pyotr Andreevich, is always kind and disinterested. He can easily deliver a hare sheepskin coat from his shoulder to some vagabond with a thievish appearance. As it turns out later, this act saved him and his servant's life. The arrival at the Belogorsk fortress was also marked by many changes in the outlook of Peter Andreevich. Here he meets Masha Mironova, here a tender feeling flares up between them. Grinev acted like a true officer and nobleman, standing up for the honor of his beloved girl and challenging Shvabrin to a duel. Then the author tells us about the Pugachev rebellion, in which the moral qualities of all its participants were especially clearly manifested. What is the true heroism of Captain Mironov and his wife, who preferred death to serving the impostor. They fulfilled their duty to the end. Pyotr Andreevich did the same, which caused respect from Pugachev. Gradually revealing the image of the leader of the peasant uprising, Pushkin makes us understand that Pugachev is not alien to the concepts of honor and duty. He was able to appreciate these qualities in Grinev and did him good in everything. Exclusively through the efforts of Pugachev, Petr Andreevich and Masha found each other. Subsequently, even Grinev himself was able to see and appreciate in the rebel and impostor a man of honor, who also has a sense of duty. Friendship with the leader of the peasant uprising should have had the most negative effect on the fate of the hero. And indeed, we see how he is arrested on a denunciation and are already preparing to be sent to the scaffold after Pugachev. However, the matter is decided by Masha Mironova, who considers it her duty to go to St. Petersburg and tell the Empress how it really happened, hoping for the “mercy” of the monarch, and not for “justice”. The miraculous meeting of the girl with the lady, who later turned out to be the empress herself, and the pardon of Grinev once again show that in a society that lives according to the laws of honor and duty, it is much easier to achieve the truth.

The author is certainly right in arguing that honor and duty are important qualities of every person. In my opinion, the problem of honor and duty at the present time is not to lose these noble concepts. The most important thing is the realization by each person of the presence of higher values, concluded in the concepts of honor and duty. People tend to look up to each other, unconsciously take an example from others. What is the result? The concept of honor is changing far from for the better due to the desire of people to look up to unworthy personalities and justify their ignoble deeds by the fact that they behave no worse and no better than others.

Russian writers have always addressed the issue of honor in their works. We can say that this problem was and is one of the central ones in Russian literature. So, for example, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky" such a person is Vladimir Dubrovsky, who could not sacrifice his honor and kill the bailiffs and the landowner Troekurov, who killed his father.

We also see such a hero in the famous literary work of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Taras himself kills his son, who betrayed his brothers in arms and the Motherland.

Thus, we all must understand that honor and dignity these days are very rare qualities that need to be protected and developed in oneself, since the loss of honor is a fall in moral principles, the decay of society.

Of course, there is nothing significant in the young noble heroes of the novel. They accidentally find themselves in a stream of formidable historical events. But the storm of rebellion did not break them (as it didShvabrina, who turned out to be a scoundrel and a scoundrel), but cleansed, helped to show not class prejudices at all, but the best human qualities, the high nobility of the soul.

In human society, dishonorable people have always been treated with contempt.
The loss of honor is a fall in moral foundations, followed by an inevitable punishment: entire states disappear from the map of the earth, peoples disappear into the black hole of history, individuals die.
Russian writers have always addressed the issue of honor in their works. We can say that this problem was and is one of the central ones in Russian literature.
The concept of honor is brought up in a person from childhood. On the example of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" clearly shows how this happens in life and what results it leads to.
The protagonist of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, was brought up from childhood in an atmosphere of high worldly morality. He had someone to take an example from. Pushkin, through the mouth of Savelich, on the first pages of the story, acquaints readers with the moral attitudes of the Grinev family: “It seems that neither father nor grandfather were drunkards; there is nothing to say about mother ... ”The old servant of his ward Pyotr Grinev brings up with these words, who for the first time got drunk and behaved unsightly.
The first time Pyotr Grinev acted honorably, returning the card debt, although in that situation Savelich tried to persuade him to evade the calculation. But nobility prevailed.
A man of honor, in my opinion, is always kind and disinterested in dealing with others. For example, Pyotr Grinev, despite Savelich's displeasure, thanked the tramp for his service by presenting him with a hare sheepskin coat. His act in the future saved both of their lives. This episode, as it were, says that fate itself preserves a person who lives by honor. But, of course, it's not about fate, but simply on earth there are more people who remember good than evil, which means that a noble person has more chances for worldly happiness.
Moral trials awaited Grinev in the fortress where he served. Officer Shvabrin interferes with Grinev's love for Masha Mironova, weaves intrigues. In the end, it comes down to a duel. Shvabrin is the exact opposite of Grinev. He is a selfish and ignoble person. It shows up in everything. Even during a duel, he did not hesitate to take advantage of a dishonorable situation to strike. Fate in the future will also present him with an account for his position in life, but completely different from Grinev. Shvabrin will join Pugachev, and he will be condemned as an officer who betrayed his oath. Using the example of Shvabrin, the author wants to show that external culture has little effect on the formation of a person's character. After all, Shvabrin was more educated than Grinev. Read French novels and poetry. He was a smart conversationalist. He even addicted Grinev to reading. Apparently, the family in which a person was brought up is of decisive importance.
During the Pugachev rebellion, the moral qualities of some heroes of the story and the baseness of the feelings of others were especially clearly manifested. We learned that Captain Mironov and his wife preferred death, but did not surrender to the mercy of the rebels. Pyotr Grinev did the same, but was pardoned by Pugachev. It seems to me that the author made it clear to the reader that Pugachev showed generosity towards the young officer not only out of a sense of gratitude for the old service. He equally, it seemed to me, appreciated the man of honor in Grinev. The leader of the popular uprising himself set noble goals for himself, therefore he was not alien to the concepts of honor. Moreover, thanks to Pugachev, Grinev and Masha found each other forever.
Here, too, Shvabrin was powerless in carrying out his selfish plans. Pugachev not only did not support Shvabrin, but also clearly let him know that he was dishonest and therefore Grinev was not a competitor.
Grinev's morality even influenced Pugachev himself. The ataman told the officer a fairy tale he had heard from an old Kalmyk woman, in which it was said that it is better to drink fresh blood once than to eat carrion for three hundred years. Of course, the fairy eagle and the raven were arguing at the moment, solving a purely human problem. Pugachev clearly preferred the blood-feeding eagle. But Grinev boldly answered the ataman: “It is intricate ... But to live by murder and robbery means, for me, pecking at the carrion.” Pugachev, after such an answer by Grinev, plunged into deep thought. So, in the depths of his soul, Pugachev had noble roots.
Interesting ending to the story. It would seem that the connection with the rebellious ataman would be fatal for Grinev. He is indeed arrested on a denunciation. He faces the death penalty, but Grinev decides for reasons of honor not to name his beloved. If he had told the whole truth about Masha, for the sake of whose salvation he, in fact, found himself in such a situation, then he would certainly have been acquitted. But at the very last moment, justice prevailed. Masha herself asks for a pardon for Grinev to a lady close to the Empress. The lady takes the poor girl at her word. This fact suggests that in a society where the majority of people live in honor, justice is always easier to prevail. The lady turns out to be the Empress herself, and the fate of her beloved Masha is decided for the better.
Grinev remained a man of honor to the end. He was present at the execution of Pugachev, to whom he owed his happiness. Pugachev recognized him and nodded his head from the scaffold.
So, the proverb “take care of honor from a young age” has the meaning of a life talisman that helps to overcome severe life trials.

The honor and duty of an officer were not empty words for the nobles of the 18th century, especially for the patriarchal nobility, shown in the person of Grinev Sr. and the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, Captain Mironov. The captain prefers to die rather than swear allegiance to the impostor, and Grinev Sr. considers it his duty to “sniff the gunpowder”, which is why he sends his son to serve not in St. Petersburg, but in a remote province. The image of Petrusha Grinev is shown by the author in development. At first it is a “undergrowth”, “chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with yard boys”, and then, by the will of fate, it turns out to be plunged into the abyss of historical events.
Arriving at the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev falls under the command of Captain Mironov. He immediately notices that the commandant was an "uneducated" person, "simple, but the most honest and kind." In the Mironov family, he was accepted as a native, because he did not notice any fundamental differences from his own family with its patriarchal way of life, honey jam and the Court calendar. He explains his initial prejudice against Marya Ivanovna by the slander of a friend. Shvabrin slandered the Mironov family, which did nothing wrong to him. He avenged his offended ambition. Shvabrin is a person of a completely different environment than Grinev and the family of Captain Mironov. Having arrived from St. Petersburg, where he saw luxury and a different life with different principles and values, he cannot fit into the garrison society in any way, he meets with silent, but stubborn rejection. Marya Ivanovna, a simple poor girl who has no prospect of marriage in this God-forsaken fortress, suddenly refuses him. Shvabrin's pride is wounded.
He is trying to take revenge. To lie, betray, slander a person for him is absolutely no difficulty. Shvabrin's vindictiveness also manifests itself in court in the same way as during the capture of the fortress by Pugachev.
Being a naturally intelligent person, Pugachev immediately sees the difference between Shvabrin and Grinev. He cannot but respect the latter, who, even in the face of death, continues to behave with dignity, speaks the truth and remains faithful to the oath once given. He cannot fail to understand that Grinev personally harbors no evil against him, and if he fights, then only obeying the order that this young nobleman poses no more danger than, say, Shvabrin, Khlopusha or Beloborodoe, who, according to to the expression of Pugachev himself, “at the first failure ... they will redeem their neck with my head.”
Grinev correctly believes that truth is “the simplest, and at the same time the most reliable” way of justification. He hasn't seen much in his life. Almost the only examples he could observe were his father and Captain Mironov. And although Grinev in life and, in particular, in St. Petersburg “suspected miracles” and even tried to get drunk, lose and get married, he still did not disgrace the name of his ancestors and the honor of his family, but, in principle, repeated their example. But it cannot be said that Grinev was no different from the representatives of the previous generation. Although there was no obvious enemy in front of him - a Turk or a Swede - in front of him was his Russian people, split into two halves, it was a tangled tangle of relationships in which Grinev himself was a participant. Grinev's duty was not just a duty to the Fatherland, a duty to act and act in the interests of the authorities, but a duty to a person, the need to make the only just decision. To do this, one had to possess many moral qualities.
The concept of duty, which develops into the concept of fidelity, is also inherent in the female images of the story. Masha Mironova remained faithful to her heartfelt affection in spite of fear. She is the true daughter of her father. Mironov in life was a gentle and good-natured man, but in an extreme situation he showed determination worthy of a Russian officer. His daughter fainted from a cannon shot, but when it came to her honor, she was ready, like her father, to die rather than do anything contrary to her conscience. Pushkin leads us to the conclusion that honor and dignity are the necessary qualities of an integral and organic personality. Each of the heroes of the story understands these concepts differently and acts as his conscience tells him.

The central problem of the work is the problem of honor and duty, as evidenced by the epigraph: “Take care of honor from a young age”, which, as we will see later, will determine the life of the protagonist everywhere.
Pyotr Andreevich lived in an atmosphere of extraordinary morality from childhood. The author, through the mouth of an old servant Savelyich, reveals the moral principles of the Grinev family: “It seems that neither father nor grandfather were drunkards; there is nothing to say about mother ... ”The devoted servant of his young master, who got drunk for the first time and showed himself not from the best side, teaches with these words.
The first time Grinev acted honorably, returning the card debt, although Savelich tried to dissuade him from such a step. But the innate nobility of the nobleman prevailed here too. A man of honor, Pyotr Andreevich is always kind and disinterested. He can easily deliver a hare sheepskin coat from his shoulder to some vagabond with a thievish appearance. As it turns out later, this act saved him and his servant's life. Here Pushkin carries out the idea that true good will never remain unappreciated; it is much easier for kind and honest people to exist than for evil and mercenary people.
The arrival at the Belogorsk fortress was also marked by many changes in the outlook of Peter Andreevich. Here he meets Masha Mironova, here a tender feeling flares up between them. Grinev acted like a true officer and nobleman, standing up for the honor of his beloved girl and challenging Shvabrin to a duel.
The image of Shvabrin is directly opposite to the image of Grinev. According to his position, he belongs to the guards officers. A brilliantly educated man of the world, however, very unprincipled by nature. We know little about his past: his career was broken as a result of the “murder”, there are no hopes of returning to St. Petersburg. Shvabrin joined the uprising solely for his own benefit, because otherwise the gallows would have awaited him. Having sacrificed his noble honor in this way, Shvabrin joined the ranks of the rebels, although the goals of the uprising were absolutely alien to him.
During the rebellion itself, the moral qualities of all its participants were especially clearly manifested. What is the true heroism of Captain Mironov and his wife, who preferred death to serving the impostor. They fulfilled their duty to the end. Pyotr Andreevich did the same, which caused respect from Pugachev. Gradually revealing the image of the leader of the peasant uprising, Pushkin makes us understand that Pugachev is not alien to the concepts of honor and duty. He was able to appreciate these qualities in Grinev and did him good in everything. Exclusively through the efforts of Pugachev, Petr Andreevich and Masha found each other. Subsequently, even Grinev himself was able to see and appreciate in the rebel and impostor a man of honor, who also has a sense of duty. This is the main difference between Grinev the son and the old man Grinev, for whom the honor and duty of an officer nobleman were most important. Grinev Jr. managed to expand these concepts to their universal meaning and did not refuse humanity to such a seemingly alien person as Pugachev.
Friendship with the leader of the peasant uprising should have had the most negative effect on the fate of the hero. And indeed, we see how he is arrested on a denunciation and are already preparing to be sent to the scaffold after Pugachev. However, the matter is decided by Masha Mironova, who considers it her duty to go to St. Petersburg and tell the Empress how it really happened, hoping for the “mercy” of the monarch, and not for “justice”. The miraculous meeting of the girl with the lady, who later turned out to be the empress herself, and the pardon of Grinev once again show that in a society that lives according to the laws of honor and duty, it is much easier to achieve the truth.

This idea can be confirmed by the example of a peasant truth-seeker, the hero of V. Rasputin's work "Fire". His consciousness and adherence to moral duty does not make society more humane. However, the existence of people like him proves that the concepts of honor, duty and dignity still continue to operate.
There is another component of the problem of honor and duty. This is the consciousness of a moral duty, coupled with love for one's fellow tribesmen and giving a person courage, determination, strength. And although people often do not even notice the sacrifice made for their salvation, duty towards others remains in our understanding the most noble and sublime. The relevance of the latter observation is confirmed by the allegorical image of Danko from the famous literary work of M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil". Danko is brave, resolute and strong, but saving people from physical death, he cannot save them from moral decline. At the cost of death, he led his fellow tribesmen out of the dense darkness of the forest, but they will not improve the world with their humanity and purity.

Take care of honor from a young age (According to the story by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter")

The loss of honor is the fall of moral principles, followed by inevitable punishment. Immorality destroys a person's personality, entire nations disappeared from the face of the earth as a result of the fact that their rulers forgot about moral standards.

Russian writers have always addressed the issue of honor in their works. We can say that this problem was and is one of the central ones in the great Russian literature.

Moral trials awaited Grinev in the fortress where he served. Shvabrin interferes with Grinev's love for Masha Mironova, weaves intrigues. It comes down to a duel. Shvabrin is the opposite of Grinev in everything. He is a selfish and ignoble person. Even during a duel, he did not hesitate to take advantage of a dishonorable situation to strike. Fate in the future will also present him with an account for his position in life, but completely different from Grinev.

During the Pugachev rebellion, the moral qualities of some heroes of the story and the meanness of the feelings of others were especially clearly manifested. We learned that Captain Mironov and his wife preferred death, but did not surrender to the mercy of the rebels. Pyotr Grinev did the same, but was pardoned by Pugachev. It seems to me that the author made it clear to the reader that Pugachev showed generosity towards the young officer not only out of a sense of gratitude for the old service. He equally, it seemed to me, appreciated the man of honor in Grinev. The leader of the popular uprising himself was not alien to the concepts of honor. Moreover. Grinev and Masha, thanks to Pugachev, found each other forever.

Shvabrin was powerless in the implementation of his selfish plans. Pugachev not only did not support Shvabrin, but also clearly let him pester that he was dishonest and therefore Grinev was not a competitor.

So, the proverb "take care of honor from a young age" has the meaning of a life talisman that helps to overcome severe life trials.

Bibliography

For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://kostyor.ru/student/

KEEP YOUR HONOR IN YOUR YOUNG TIME. I believe that honor occupies the first place in the series of moral symbols. You can survive the collapse of the economy, you can come to terms, although it is very difficult, with the collapse of the state, you can finally endure even parting with the dearest people and with the Motherland,

but not a single people on earth will ever put up with the decay of morality. In human society, dishonorable people have always been treated with contempt.

The loss of honor is a fall in moral foundations, followed by an inevitable punishment: entire states disappear from the map of the earth, peoples disappear into the black hole of history, individuals die.

Russian writers have always addressed the issue of honor in their works. We can say that this problem was and is one of the central ones in Russian literature.

The concept of honor is brought up in a person from childhood. On the example of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" clearly shows how this happens in life and what results it leads to.

The protagonist of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, was brought up from childhood in an atmosphere of high worldly morality. He had someone to take an example from. Pushkin, through the mouth of Savelich, on the first pages of the story, acquaints readers with the moral principles of the Grinev family: “It seems that neither father nor grandfather were drunkards; there’s nothing to say about mother ... ”The old servant of his ward Pyotr Grinev brings up with these words, who for the first time got drunk and behaved unsightly.

The first time Pyotr Grinev acted honorably, returning the card debt, although in that situation Savelich tried to persuade him to evade the calculation. But nobility prevailed.

A man of honor, in my opinion, is always kind and disinterested in dealing with others. For example, Pyotr Grinev, despite Savelich's displeasure, thanked the tramp for his service by presenting him with a hare sheepskin coat. His act in the future saved both of their lives. This episode, as it were, says that fate itself preserves a person who lives by honor. But, of course, it's not about fate, but simply on earth there are more people who remember good than evil, which means that a noble person has more chances for worldly happiness.

Moral trials awaited Grinev in the fortress where he served. Officer Shvabrin interferes with Grinev's love for Masha Mironova, weaves intrigues. In the end, it comes down to a duel. Shvabrin is the exact opposite of Grinev. He is a selfish and ignoble person. It shows up in everything. Even during a duel, he did not hesitate to take advantage of a dishonorable situation to strike. Fate in the future will also present him with an account for his position in life, but completely different from Grinev. Shvabrin will join Pugachev, and he will be condemned as an officer who betrayed his oath. Using the example of Shvabrin, the author wants to show that external culture has little effect on the formation of a person's character. After all, Shvabrin was more educated than Grinev. Read French novels and poetry. He was a smart conversationalist. He even addicted Grinev to reading. Apparently, the family in which a person was brought up is of decisive importance.

During the Pugachev rebellion, the moral qualities of some heroes of the story and the baseness of the feelings of others were especially clearly manifested. We learned that Captain Mironov and his wife preferred death, but did not surrender to the mercy of the rebels. Pyotr Grinev did the same, but was pardoned by Pugachev. It seems to me that the author made it clear to the reader that Pugachev showed generosity towards the young officer not only out of a sense of gratitude for the old service. He equally, it seemed to me, appreciated the man of honor in Grinev. The leader of the popular uprising himself set noble goals for himself, therefore he was not alien to the concepts of honor. Moreover, thanks to Pugachev, Grinev and Masha found each other forever.

Here, too, Shvabrin was powerless in carrying out his selfish plans. Pugachev not only did not support Shvabrin, but also clearly let him know that he was dishonest and therefore Grinev was not a competitor.

Grinev's morality even influenced Pugachev himself. The ataman told the officer a fairy tale he had heard from an old Kalmyk woman, in which it was said that it is better to drink fresh blood once than to eat carrion for three hundred years. Of course, the fairy eagle and the raven were arguing at the moment, solving a purely human problem. Pugachev clearly preferred the blood-feeding eagle. But Grinev boldly answered the ataman: “Intricate ... But to live by murder and robbery means, for me, to peck at carrion.” Pugachev, after such an answer by Grinev, plunged into deep thought. So, in the depths of his soul, Pugachev had noble roots.

Interesting ending to the story. It would seem that the connection with the rebellious ataman would be fatal for Grinev. He is indeed arrested on a denunciation. He faces the death penalty, but Grinev decides for reasons of honor not to name his beloved. If he had told the whole truth about Masha, for the sake of whose salvation he, in fact, found himself in such a situation, then he would certainly have been acquitted. But at the very last moment, justice prevailed. Masha herself asks for a pardon for Grinev to a lady close to the Empress. The lady takes the poor girl at her word. This fact suggests that in a society where the majority of people live in honor, justice is always easier to prevail. The lady turns out to be the Empress herself, and the fate of her beloved Masha is decided for the better.

Grinev remained a man of honor to the end. He was present at the execution of Pugachev, to whom he owed his happiness. Pugachev recognized him and nodded his head from the scaffold.

So, the proverb “take care of honor from a young age” has the meaning of a life talisman that helps to overcome severe life trials.