Composition based on Korolenko's story "In Bad Society". The plan and characters of the main characters

Reading is not always entertainment. The book sometimes upsets, makes you think, change your outlook on life. Therefore, the choice of fiction plays a significant role in the development of the personality of a teenager. It is extremely important to instill in the child the ability to sympathize, empathize with others. This extremely important topic was dedicated by Vladimir Korolenko “In Bad Society”. An essay on this story will reveal the true meaning of such words as compassion and mercy.

about the author

Before proceeding to the analysis of the work, it is worth saying a few words about the writer Vladimir Korolenko. He was born in the middle of the 19th century, and since he lost his father quite early, he experienced hardship and hardship from his own experience. Difficult childhood formed a special worldview. Korolenko reacted with pain to injustice, which is monstrously abundant in this world. He displayed his experiences in works of art, most of which are dedicated to children. One of them was called by Korolenko "In Bad Society". This work, however, has another name - "Children of the Underground".

Children of the outcasts

This story is dedicated to the restless life of the poor. Social inequality is a problem that was considered by great writers and thinkers. This topic is quite complex and controversial. But innocent children suffer from the inequality that adults have established. So it was, is, and probably will be for many more centuries. Only compassion can mitigate cruelty - a feeling to which Korolenko dedicated "In Bad Society". An essay on this topic should begin with the definition of this important moral category.

What is compassion?

What is the idea of Korolenko's work "In Bad Society"? An essay on the story of the children of the underground can begin with an interpretation of the polysemantic word "compassion". As already mentioned, this topic was considered by the classics of Russian and foreign literature. It is worth remembering the words of the Austrian writer believed that there are two kinds of compassion. One is a sentimental and cowardly feeling. The other is true. The first is nothing else than the desire to protect oneself from the sight of someone else's misfortune. The second encourages action. A person who knows how to truly sympathize is able to do everything in human power, and even beyond them.

The hero of Korolenko's story "In Bad Society", despite his very young age, shows pure selfless feelings. Vasya knows how to truly sympathize. An unusually mature and noble deed is performed by a boy from Korolenko's sentimental story "In Bad Society".

Composition "Marusya and Sonya - two childhoods"

There are two little characters in the story. They never meet. What do they have in common? Age and absence of mother. The comparison of these two girls plays an important role in the overall analysis of this work.

The first is Sonya, Vasya's sister. She lives in a comfortable house, she has a caring nanny and a loving father. The second - Marusya - a girl who lives in a cold, uncomfortable dungeon. She is also not deprived of fatherly love. In addition, she has a brother who is ready to do anything (and more often Valek goes to theft) in order to feed his sister. But the townspeople treat the Marusya family with contempt. It is similar to the life of those who are destined to be outcasts, not only in a decent society, but even among the same beggars as they themselves are. However, this fate bypasses the girl, since she passes away very early.

The fate of Sony is completely different. Her father is a respected man in the city. And therefore, those around Sonya herself are treated with warm sympathy. By the example of these two images, young readers should comprehend an important moral idea. It lies in the fact that various social prejudices present in any society give rise to cruelty. And it is especially scary when children suffer from it.

About friendship

After reading Korolenko's story "In Bad Society", the composition "My friend Vasya" is a standard creative task. Children write about how they see true friendship, and cite the good boy Vasya as an example. But in the image of this little hero, it is not so much his warm feelings for Valk and Marusa that are important, but his desire to help and support representatives of the outcast strata of society. After all, even before meeting the children from the dungeon, the “owner” of the abandoned castle kindly invites Vasya to visit, but he refuses. He is more drawn to those who have been rejected, to those whose existence causes pity and compassion. This, perhaps, is the main idea of Korolenko's story "In Bad Society". An essay about Vasya is very often written by children after reading the work.

Composition about Vasya

But if we are to dedicate a creative task to such a lofty topic as friendship, it is necessary first to state the content of that chapter in which a significant acquaintance is depicted.

Vasya, the son of a city judge, decided one day to take a short excursion together with the neighboring boys. The destination was an abandoned chapel. All other objects in the city have been examined for a long time and more than once. And only she alone remained an unexplored structure. This old gloomy building caused horror even more than curiosity. But what was Vasya's surprise when it turned out that someone lives in this half-destroyed building! The boy was the only one who knew about it. He didn't say anything to his friends.

Valek and Marusya

The children of Tyburtsy, the leader of the lower strata of the urban population, lived in the chapel. Vasya almost immediately became friends with Valk and Marusya. He helped these children, did everything in his power. And most of all, the brother and sister needed the most necessary for human existence - food. Later, Vasya realized that Valek was thieving, and although this discovery was extremely unpleasant for the son of the judge, he tried to treat his new friend's lifestyle with understanding. And after the boy realized that theft for these people is the only way to survive, he completely realized that he had no right to condemn them. This is how the relations of children from different social worlds are depicted in Korolenko's work "In Bad Society".

Composition "My favorite hero"

One of the most touching and sad chapters in this story is the one in which we are talking about the last days of Marusya's life. Perhaps the events that preceded the girl's death should be described and analyzed in detail when writing an essay about the character of Korolenko's work - a young hero, but who knows how to sympathize like not every adult.

When the warm days passed, Marusya began to feel worse and worse. And Vasya thought that the only way to save her could be a big bright doll. This expensive toy belonged to Sonya and was a gift from her late mother. Having begged the doll for a while from his sister, Vasya took it to the dying girl. And even when his father found out about the loss, the boy did not reveal the secrets about where his friends live. He was unfairly punished, but he kept his word, once given to Tyburtsiy.

Marusya is dead. Tyburtsy appeared at the judge's house, returned the doll and told about Vasya's kindness and mercy. For many years the judge was ashamed in front of his son for the cold attitude that he showed towards him. The father also felt guilty that Vasya did not meet understanding and love in his native home, among close relatives, but found them in the shelter of strangers and distant people from "bad society".

The role of "bad society" in the life of Vasya - the hero of the story "Children of the Underground" by V. G. Korolenko

Vasya is the protagonist of the story "Children of the Underground" by Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko. We see the events taking place in the work through the eyes of this boy. He says about his life: "I grew up like a wild tree in the field - no one surrounded me with special care, but no one hampered my freedom." Already from these lines it is clear that the hero was lonely. Vasya's mother died, and he was survived by his father and younger sister. The boy had a tender, warm relationship with his sister, but there was an "insurmountable wall" between him and his father. With particular tragedy, Korolenko describes how Vasya suffers from this. To avoid the "horror of loneliness", the hero is almost never at home, and hopes to find "something" that will change his life.

After the death of his mother, Vasya wanted to find the love that she did not have time to give him in the heart of his father. However, his father seemed to him a "gloomy man" who does not love his son and considers him a "spoiled boy." But in his story, Korolenko shows us how Vasya learns to understand other people, how he learns the bitter truth of life, and how, finally, this “insurmountable wall” between him and his father collapses.

Korolenko built the story on contrasts. Vasya was "the son of respectable parents", but his friends were children from "bad society" - Valek and Marusya. This acquaintance changed both the hero and his life. Vasya learned that there are children who do not have a home and who have to steal in order not to die of hunger. Describing the inner experiences of the hero, the author shows how at first Vasya was surprised at what he saw in “bad company”, and then he was tormented by pity and compassion for the poor: “I didn’t know what hunger was, but with the last words of the girl, I something turned in the chest ... ".

Vasya became very attached to Valek and Marusa. They are still quite children, and they really wanted to have fun and play from the bottom of their hearts. Comparing Marusya with his sister Sonya, Vasya sadly noted that Sonya "... ran so briskly ... laughed so loudly," and Marusya "... almost never ran and laughed very rarely ...".

Acquaintance with Valek, Marusya and their father Tyburtsy helped Vasya look at life from a different perspective. He learned that there are people who have nothing to eat and nowhere to sleep, and he was especially struck by a gray stone that takes strength from a little girl.

Vasya's father is a judge, and we see that the boy himself, in his thoughts, is trying to judge the actions of people from a "bad society." But this "contempt" drowned out compassion and pity, the desire to help. This is evidenced by the chapter "Doll", which can be called the climax.

People from the "bad society" helped Vasya to get to know and understand his father, to find "something dear" in him. Reading the story, we see that Vasya and his father always loved each other, but Tyburtsy and his children helped them express this love. The hero has such qualities as compassion, the desire to help people, kindness, courage, honesty. But the "bad company" helped not only Vasya, but also his father: he also looked at his son in a new way.

At the end of the story, Korolenko describes how, at the grave of Marusya, Vasya and Sonya, together with their father, made vows. I think the main one is the vow to help people and forgive them. I experienced with the guys all the events that are told in the story. I really like this book.

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The material of this lesson contributes to the development of literary text analysis skills; perception of art paintings by famous artists dedicated to literary works; fosters the ability to empathize and improve the communicative culture.

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Korolenko V.G.

Public lesson

"Bad society" and "dark personalities" in the story of V.G. Korolenko "Children of the Underground"

Lesson Objectives:
- to teach partial analysis of a work of art through the study of text, paintings by Russian artists, creative works of children; improve the skill of expressive reading, the ability to express one's thoughts orally and in writing;
- to develop the integrative qualities of thinking and artistic perception, the ability to analyze, compare, generalize, draw conclusions, develop the emotional and moral sphere of students;
- develop the ability to empathize; improve communication culture.

Lesson type:

Technology: elements of developing education, using information and computer technologies.

Lesson type: lesson - research with elements of discussion.

Equipment: computer, projector.

Didactic materials for the lesson: presentation.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Teacher's word.

Guys, today in the lesson we have to find out what the “bad society” and “dark personalities” are in the story “Children of the Underground” by V.G. Korolenko. But first, let's check whether you know the content of the story well.

Exercise. Mark the numbers of the correct sentences (Slide 3).

(+ ) The prison was the best architectural decoration of the city.

(–) The castle became disgusting to the boy, as it had an ominous appearance.

(+ ) Vasya and his father were separated by the death of Vasya's mother.

(–) Vasya and Valek first met in a grove.

(-) Valek refused to visit Vasya because he was afraid of the judge.

(+ ) Marusya was very different from Sonya.

(+) Valek was the first to explain to Vasya that his father was a good person.

(–) When Marusya was hungry, Valek asked Vasya for food for her

(+) Meat for Valek and Marusya was a rare meal.

(+) Marusya fell ill in the fall.

(-) Vasya secretly took the doll from Sonya.

(+) Father understood Vasya after he learned the truth from Tyburtsy.

And now let's get acquainted with the strokes of the biography of the writer. Let's start our acquaintance with the work on the portrait of V.G. Korolenko by the artist I.E. Repin (Slide 5).

Examine the portrait carefully and try to suggest what the person depicted on it was like, what kind of life he lived. (The artist depicted the writer's pensive, penetrating, slightly sad eyes, wrinkles on his face, a gray beard, tired hands lying on the armrests. All this suggests that his life was not easy, he apparently saw a lot in his lifetime. He seems strict and kind.)

The phonogram of the song from the film “Generals of the Sandpits” is turned on.

- Why do you think the conversation about Korolenko's story "Children of the Underground" is preceded by such a song?

(Children recall the extraordinary personality of Tyburtsiy, who was thrown out into the street by life, Valek and Marusya, who live among the “gray stones”, and also talk about the outcasts, about the starving, about their forced relationship. This is exactly what Korolenko’s story is about and this is what the song sings about.)

What exactly did this story make you think? What was the most bitter and saddest thing about it for you? Why?

(A story about the illness and death of Marusya, Vasya's loneliness in his home, about his longing for a loved one, about the need to love and be loved.)

Teacher: The theme of the destitute and unfortunate worried not only writers, but also many Russian artists, so often works of literature and fine arts echo each other, complementing each other.

III. View Slideshow "Dark Persons" from "Bad Society"(Slides 6-13). The slides are shown against the background of A. Vivaldi's organ music "Adagio".

These are paintings by Russian artists of the 19th century: V.G. Perov “Sleeping children”, “Savoyar”, F.S. Zhuravlev “Children-beggars”, P.P. " and others. After watching the slide show, students answer the teacher's questions:

1. What is the consonance of the paintings of Russian artists in Korolenko's story?
(The bare, beaten feet of sleeping children, the broken shoes of Savoyar, the bundles in the hands of beggars, the sad eyes of grandfather Vasily, puddles and cold rain in the painting by V.P. Jacobi, the unhappy faces of little beggars on the canvases of Chistyakov and Zhuravlev.)

2. People like those we saw on the canvases of Russian artists in the city of Knyazhie - Veno, where the events of the story take place, are called "bad society" and "dark personalities." What is this "bad society"? Who belongs to it? These are “unfortunate dark personalities”, frightened, pitiful”, in rags, barely covering their thin bodies, left without shelter and a piece of bread, vagabonds and thieves, beggars and bottomless - those who could not find a place in a dusty small town where the prison is “ the best architectural decoration.” What attitude do these people have among the townspeople?
(The townspeople despise and fear these vagabonds, treat them with “hostile anxiety”, at night they go out into the streets and knock on fences with sticks, letting the outcast know that the townsfolk are on their guard and will not allow them to steal anything, nor hide near human habitation The city knew that people were wandering its streets in the rainy darkness of a rainy night, hungry and cold, trembling and wet, realizing that cruel feelings must be born in the hearts of these people, the city became alert and sent its threats towards these feelings.”)

3. Where do these “dark personalities” live? Why?
(The abandoned castle on the island and the dilapidated chapel “among decayed crosses and collapsed graves” became their haven, since “the unfortunate exiles did not find their track in the city.” Only here, among the ruins, could they find shelter, because only “the old castle is hospitably accepted and covered both a temporarily impoverished scribe and orphan old women, and rootless vagrants.”)

4. Find descriptions of the old castle and chapel. What feeling do they evoke? Describe how you imagine them.
(There are “legends and stories more terrible than one another” about the castle. Dasha, on clear sunny days, it causes “panic attacks” in children - the black cavities of long-broken windows looked so scary, a mysterious rustle walked in the empty halls; pebbles and plaster, coming off, fell down, waking up a resounding echo…” “And on stormy autumn nights, when the giant poplars swayed and hummed from the wind blowing from behind the ponds, horror spread from the old castle and reigned over the whole city.” “At the chapel, “in some places the roof collapsed, the walls crumbled, and instead of the booming, high-pitched copper bell, the owls started their ominous songs in it at night.”)

IV. Work on illustrations by V.Gluzdov “Old Castle” and V.Kostitsyn “A stately decrepit building”(Slide 16).

1. Guys, based on the description of the old castle and the chapel, draw verbal illustrations and compare them with the illustrations of V. Gluzdov and V. Kostitsyn.
(Gluzdov’s illustration is designed in stingy gray-green tones. It seems that we are seeing a gloomy autumn sky that has sunk low over a dilapidated castle. The sun peeps through the fog, from which a feeling of pain rather than joy emanates. Three huge crows bring sadness, hopelessness, alarm. The old castle in Kostitsyn's illustration seems to emerge from the darkness of the night. Gloomy, gloomy, lonely, it produces a frightening and mysterious impression at the same time. It is such a structure that can be the habitat of "dark personalities".)

(He always “looked with fear ... at that stately decrepit building,” but when the boy saw how the “pathetic ragamuffins” were driven out of there, the castle became disgusting to him.) (Slide 17.)

3. Guys, let's imagine that the walls of a gloomy castle and a chapel were able to speak. What could they tell us about the events that took place here, about those who huddled there? Will this story sound with sympathy or with hostility?
(The walls could tell about the poor who huddled among them, about their need, suffering, illness; about how they were expelled even from this miserable shelter. This story could sound like with sympathy. This is indicated in the story by the words: “Old the castle welcomed and covered everyone…”, and with hostility: “All these poor people tormented the insides of the decrepit building, breaking off the ceilings and floors…”).

4. Who calls the society “bad”, and the people representing it “dark personalities”? From whose point of view is it "bad"?
(“Bad” he is called by the townspeople, as ragamuffins pose a threat to their well-being and tranquility.)

5. Is there really anything bad in him, and how does this manifest itself? (Yes, there are. “... These poor people, completely deprived of any means of livelihood since the time they were expelled from the castle, formed a friendly community and were engaged in ... petty theft in the city and its environs.” They are thieves. Taking someone else's sin, a crime.)
- But what pushes the poor to it? (Need, hunger, rejection, it is impossible to earn money by honest work.)

V. Analysis of Chapter V. A conversation between Valek and Vasya about rolls.

1. Why Vasya, who firmly knows that “stealing is not good”, cannot condemn his new friends, call them “bad”?
(Vasya's regret for Valek and Marusya intensified and aggravated, but the attachment did not disappear. The conviction that “it is not good to steal” remained. But when the imagination drew Marusya's lively face, licking her greasy fingers, Vasya rejoiced at her joy and Valek's joy.)

2. And now consider the illustration by V. Gluzdov “Tyburtsy with children” (slide 18). What is in the center of the illustration?
(A piece of roast, on which Tyburtius's thoughtful gaze is fixed.)

3. What is its expression?
(It is sad, because Tyburtius also knows that “stealing is not good”, but he cannot calmly look at the hunger of his children, therefore he goes to crime. Looking at the children eating roast, he sadly thinks about their fate: “I am a beggar, and he beggar. I ... and he will steal" The prospect is bleak and inevitable.)

4. How did the artist portray Valek and Marusya?
(Children eat greedily, licking their fingers. It can be seen that “a meat dish is an unprecedented luxury for them ...).

5. Vasya's illustrations are in the foreground. Why did the artist depict him turned away from the “feast” and with his head down?
(Vasya is ashamed of the bad inclinations of his friends, of the stolen food, but he cannot but sympathize with their misfortune, their lives, because they are beggars, they have no home, but Vasya knew that contempt was combined with all this. He felt how all the bitterness of contempt rises from the depths of his soul, but he instinctively defended his attachment to this bitter admixture.)

6. Why, in spite of everything, was he unable to cheat on Valeka and Marusya?
(Vasya has a kind, sympathetic heart. He watched with suffering the expulsion of “dark personalities” from the castle; and himself, deprived of love and affection, he is able to appreciate and understand the loneliness of vagabonds. Giving his heart to the little beggars, sharing their troubles and worries, he's matured.)

VI. Summary of the lesson.

VII. Reflection(Slide 19).

Each student is invited to fill out a card and put a mark on himself.

Are you satisfied with how the lesson went?

Have you managed to acquire new knowledge?

Were you active in class?

Have you managed to show your knowledge?

VIII. Homework (Slide 20). Three options for written assignments (optional):

The story of the old walls of the chapel.

The story of the old castle walls.

The story of the old castle.

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Korolenko V.G.

Public lesson "Bad society" and "dark personalities" in the story of V.G. Korolenko "Children of the Underground" Teacher of Russian language and literature Agnaeva Svetlana Georgievna SOMSh No. 44

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko

1853 – 1921

… through all the works of Korolenko - large and small ... passes faith in man, faith in immortality, the invincible and victorious nobility of his nature and mind.

A. Platonov

The prison was the best architectural decoration of the city.

The castle became disgusting to the boy, as it had an ominous appearance.
Vasya and his father were separated by the death of Vasya's mother.
Vasya and Valek first met in a grove.
Valek refused to visit Vasya because he was afraid of the judge.
Marusya was very different from Sonya.
Valek was the first to explain to Vasya that his father was a good person.
When Marusya was hungry, Valek asked Vasya for food for her.
Meat for Valek and Marusya was a rare meal.
Marusya fell ill in the fall.
Vasya secretly took the doll from Sonya.
Father understood Vasya after he learned the truth from Tyburtsy.

Goals and objectives:

To teach partial analysis of a work of art through the study of text, paintings by Russian artists, creative works of children;

To analyze the cause-and-effect relationships of the world of feelings of the child, the nature of his relationship with adults and the surrounding reality on the material of the story by V.G. Korolenko "Children of the Underground";

To develop the integrative qualities of thinking and artistic perception, the ability to analyze, compare, generalize, draw conclusions, develop the emotional and moral sphere of students;

Cultivate the ability to empathize; improve communication culture.

I.R. Repin. Portrait of the writer V.G. Korolenko. 1902

V. Perov. Sleeping children. 1870

F.S. Zhuravlev. Beggar children. 1860s

V.P. Jacobi. Autumn.

P.P. Chistyakov. Beggar children.

V. G. PEROV Savoyard.

N.V. Nevreev. Grandfather Vasily.

F. Bronnikov. The old beggar.

Group work

I group - based on the description of the old castle and the chapel, draw word illustrations and compare them with the illustrations of V. Gluzdov and V. Kostitsyn.

II group - What feelings did the castle and the chapel evoke in Vasya?

III group -

2. What is in the center of the illustration?

Based on the description of the old castle and the chapel, draw word illustrations and compare them with the illustrations of V. Gluzdov and V. Kostitsyn.

V. Kostitsyn."A stately decrepit building." 1984

V. Gluzdov. Old lock. 1977

1. Consider the illustration by V. Gluzdov "Tyburtsy with children."

2. What is in the center of the illustration?

3. How did the artist depict Valek and Marusya?

4. Why did the artist depict Vasya turning away from the “feast” and with his head down?

V.Gluzdov. Tyburtius with children

Reflection

1. Are you satisfied with how the lesson went?

2. Have you managed to gain new knowledge?

3. Were you active in the lesson?

4. Have you managed to show your knowledge?

The story of the old walls of the chapel.
The story of the old castle walls.
The story of the old castle.

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Introduction

In our life we meet many people who act "like everyone else", "as is customary." There are other people - there are very few of them, and meetings with them are precious - meetings with people who act as the voice of conscience tells them, never deviating from their moral principles. By the example of the life of such people, we learn how to live. Such an amazing person, the "moral genius" of Russian literature was Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko, who created works that to this day remain permanent textbooks of morality, more than one generation of children grew up on them.

Reading a work of art, we try to understand the main thing that the author wanted to convey to us. Writers introduce us into the world of human relations, trying to awaken in our souls kind and sincere feelings, interest and respect, respect for a person.

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko, possessing a unique literary talent, managed to penetrate the secrets of the human soul and show that the greatest gift given to a person is a sensitive heart, capable of perceiving the condition of other people, understanding them, penetrating into their inner world, sympathizing with them, sharing with them joy and sorrow. The writer himself possessed such a gift - a sensitive heart. At the heart of his worldview are compassion, sympathy, the feeling of someone else's pain as his own.

"In Bad Society" is one of Korolenko's signature works. The action takes place in an environment where only a very loving heart can reveal glimpses of human consciousness - in a gathering of thieves, beggars and various crazy people sheltering in the ruins of an old castle in one of the Volyn towns. Society is really "bad". The author resisted the temptation to make his outcasts Protestants against public untruth, "humiliated and insulted", although he could do this very easily, having at his creative disposal the colorful figure of Pan Tyburtius, with his subtle wit and literary education. All the gentlemen "from the castle" regularly steal, drink, extort - and, however, the son of the "pan judge", having accidentally become close to the "bad company", did not take anything bad out of him, because he immediately met high examples of love and devotion. Tyburtsiy really did something ugly in the past, and in the present he continues to steal and teach his son the same, but he loves his little daughter, slowly melting in the dungeon. And such is the power of any true feeling that everything bad in the life of a “bad society” bounces off the boy, only the pity of the whole society for Marusa is transmitted to him, and all the energy of his proud nature is directed to alleviate the sad existence of this girl.

Hypothesis: "it is better to have a piece of a human heart in your chest instead of a cold stone"

Purpose of the work: to find evidence in favor of the fact that Vasya changed under the influence of meeting new friends and chose the path of goodness, as well as to find out what moral lessons we can learn by observing the relationship of the hero with representatives of the "bad society".

To achieve our goals and confirm the hypothesis, we put forward the following tasks:

1. Analytical reading of V.G.Korolenko's story "In Bad Society".

2. Compilation of characteristics of the main character and analysis of his behavior in various life circumstances.

3. Revealing the changes that happened to Vasya after meeting new friends.

4. The study of literature on the topic.

5. Generalization and systematization of the material.

1. The story of V.G. Korolenko "In a bad society"

analytical story korolenko hero

The story is told on behalf of the boy Vasya. He is the son of a judge. The judge is perhaps the only representative of the law in a small town, a "town" located in the southwest of the Russian Empire. From the very first pages of the story, the image of the city attracts attention.

"Sleepy, moldy ponds", "gray fences", "blind-sighted huts gone into the ground" - all this creates the image of a town living a shallow life, in which there are no vivid feelings and events.

And against this background, the story of Vasya unfolds - an unfortunate child who suddenly became lonely and orphaned with a living father.

Vasya's mother died when he was six years old. Since that time, the boy felt constant loneliness. The father loved the mother too much when she was alive, and did not notice the boy because of his happiness. After the death of his wife, the grief of the man was so deep that he withdrew into himself. Vasya felt grief from the fact that his mother had died; the horror of loneliness deepened, because the father turned away from his son "with annoyance and pain." Everyone considered Vasya a tramp and a worthless boy, and his father also got used to this idea.

Why did the boy start to wander? The answer is simple.

The hero "did not meet greetings and affection" at home, but not only this made him leave the house in the morning: he had a thirst for knowledge, communication, goodness. He could not reconcile himself with the musty life of the town: “It always seemed to me that somewhere out there, in this big and unknown light, behind the old fence of the garden, I would find something; it seemed that I had to do something and that I could do something. do something, but he just didn't know what.

In search of this "something" Vasya tried to disappear from the house, the house without love, without participation. It is no coincidence that he compares himself with a "young wolf cub", useless to anyone and only annoying those around him with his unhappy appearance and behavior. Perhaps Vasya's only outlet was his little sister. But communication with her was also limited, because the nanny saw him as a threat and was afraid of his bad influence on the girl.

“Sister Sonya was four years old. I loved her passionately, and she repaid me with the same love; but the established view of me as an inveterate little robber erected a high wall between us. noisily and briskly, the old nanny, always sleepy and always tearing, with closed eyes, chicken feathers for pillows, immediately woke up, quickly grabbed my Sonya and carried away to her, throwing angry glances at me; in such cases, she always reminded me of a disheveled mother hen, I compared myself with a predatory kite, and Sonya with a little chicken. I became very bitter and vexed. No wonder, therefore, that I soon stopped all attempts to entertain Sonya with my criminal games, and after a while it became crowded in the house and in the kindergarten, where I did not meet with anyone greetings and affection. I began to wander.

How much pain, despair and longing in these words!

However, neither the feeling of loneliness, nor the indifference of his father - nothing could drown out in the boy the thirst for knowledge of life, interest in the world around him, the desire to know its secrets, until this led Vasya to the old chapel, among the ruins of which Vasya found sincere and devoted friends, learned how to To truly love and understand others.

Valek knew Vasya as the son of a judge, considered him a barchuk, touchy and decided to teach him a lesson so that he would lose interest in the chapel forever. But Valek liked Vasya's courage, determination, readiness to accept an open battle, and he did not raise his hand to Vasya. In turn, Vasya was pleased with the appearance of Valek in the chapel: after all, he was a living person, not a ghost. Although Vasya was ready to stand up for himself, at the first opportunity to avoid a fight, he willingly unclenched his fists. Vasya immediately felt sympathy for the tall and thin, like a reed, boy with pensive eyes and for his little sister.

"I moved a little away from the wall and, according to the knightly rules of our bazaar, also put my hands in my pockets. This was a sign that I was not afraid of the enemy and even partly hinted at my contempt for him.

We stood facing each other and exchanged glances. Looking at me from head to toe, the boy asked:

Why are you here?

So, - I answered. - What do you care? My opponent moved his shoulder, as if intending to take his hand out of his pocket and hit me.

I didn't blink an eye.

I'll show you! he threatened. I pushed my chest forward.

Well, hit ... try! ..

The moment was critical; the nature of further relations depended on it. I waited, but my opponent, giving me the same searching look, did not move.

I, brother, and myself ... too ... - I said, but more peacefully.

Meanwhile, the girl, resting her little hands on the floor of the chapel, also tried to climb out of the hatch. She fell, got up again, and finally moved with unsteady steps towards the boy. Coming close, she grabbed hold of him tightly and, clinging to him, looked at me with surprised and somewhat frightened eyes.

This decided the matter; it became quite clear that in this position the boy could not fight, and I, of course, was too generous to take advantage of his uncomfortable position.

Mutual sympathy grows when Vasya cordially invites them to his home, expresses sincere surprise at the impossibility of being friends and, most importantly, his firm intention to keep the secret revealed to him. Vasya likes Valek's independence and the way the children treat each other: Marusya, going up to Valek, tightly grabbed him, pressed herself against the tenderness. Valek stood stroking the girl's blond head with his hand.

For Valek and Marusya, who felt rejected, friendship with Vasya was a great joy of life. Vasya not only constantly gave them delicacies, which she had never seen, but, most importantly, he brought great animation to their boring, joyless existence. Vasya started funny games, laughed out loud, told Marusa fairy tales.

The girl was very happy with Vasya and his gifts: her eyes lit up with a spark of delight; her pale face... flashed with a blush, she laughed... For Valek, Vasya was the only comrade with whom he could talk, play, and make bird traps. He valued his friendship with Vasya so much that he was not even afraid of the wrath of Tyburtius, who forbade initiating anyone into the secret of the dungeon.

Vasya also appreciated the resulting friendship. In his life he really lacked friendly attention, spiritual intimacy, real friends. Comrades in the street at the first check turned out to be cowardly traitors who abandoned him without any help. Vasya, by nature, was a kind and faithful person. When he felt that he was needed, he wholeheartedly responded to it. Valek helped Vasya get to know his own father better. In friendship with Marusya, Vasya invested that feeling of an older brother, that care that at home prevented him from showing towards his sister. It’s still difficult for Vasya to understand why Marusya is so strikingly different from his sister Sonya in appearance and behavior, and Valek’s words: “The gray stone sucked the life out of her” do not clarify, they only exacerbate the feeling of regret felt by Vasya even more. towards friends.

Behind the epithets and comparisons that characterize Marusya, we feel the emotional power of the artistic word, we see Vasya's excitement, his feelings. In the portrait of Marusya, the most important emotional elements are easily detected; a pale, tiny creature, like a withered flower grown without the rays of the sun; she walked ... badly, stepping uncertainly with crooked legs and staggering like a blade of grass; her hands were thin and transparent; the head swayed on a thin neck, like the head of a field bell; almost never ran and laughed very rarely; her laughter sounded like the smallest silver bell; her dress was dirty and old; the movements of her thin hands were slow; the eyes were a deep blue in the pale face.

The touching tenderness of the narrator, which comes through in his every word about the girl, draws attention to himself, sad admiration of her beauty (blond thick hair, turquoise eyes, long eyelashes), bitter regret about the bleak existence of the child.

Sonya was the exact opposite of Marusa. Comparing the appearance of Marusya and Sonya, who was round like a donut and elastic like a ball, ran briskly, laughed loudly, wore beautiful dresses, you come to the conclusion about the cruel injustice of the laws that reigned in life, dooming the innocent and defenseless.

The whole atmosphere of the dungeon made a painful impression on Vasya. He was not so much struck by the very spectacle of the gloomy underground crypt, but by the fact that people live in it, while everything testifies to the impossibility of human stay in the dungeon: the light that barely breaks through, the walls of stone, wide columns, closing up with a vaulted ceiling. But the saddest thing in this picture was Marusya, barely standing out against the background of the gray stone as a strange and small misty speck that seemed about to blur and disappear. All this amazes Vasya, he clearly imagines how cruel, cold stones, closing in strong hugs over the tiny figure of a girl, suck the life out of her. Having witnessed the unbearable living conditions of a poor girl, Vasya finally fully realizes the terrible meaning of Tyburtsy's fatal phrase. But it seems to the boy that it is still possible to fix it, to change it for the better, one has only to leave the dungeon: "Let's go ... let's get out of here ... Take her away," he persuades Valek.

After meeting Valek and Marusya, Vasya felt the joy of a new friendship. He liked to talk with Valek and bring gifts to Marusa. But at night, his heart sank from the pain of regret, when the boy thought about the gray stone that sucks life out of Marusya.

Vasya fell in love with Valek and Marusya, missed them when he could not come to them on the mountain. Not seeing friends was a great deprivation for him.

When Valek told Vasya directly that they were beggars and they had to steal in order not to die of hunger, Vasya went home and wept bitterly from a feeling of deep grief. His love for his friends did not diminish, but was mixed with "a sharp stream of regret, reaching the point of heartache."

At first, Vasya was afraid of Tyburtsy, but after promising not to tell anyone about what he saw, Vasya saw a new person in Tyburtsy: "He gave orders, like the owner and head of the family, returning from work and giving orders to the household." Vasya felt like a member of a poor but friendly family and stopped being afraid of Tyburtsy.

Under the influence of new friends, Vasya's attitude towards his father also changed.

Let us recall the conversation between Valek and Vasya (chapter four), Tyburtsiy's statement about the judge (chapter seven).

The boy believed that his father did not love him, and considered him bad. The words of Valek and Tyburtsy that the judge is the best person in the city made Vasya take a fresh look at his father.

Vasya's character and his attitude to life after meeting with Valek and Marusya have changed a lot. Vasya learned to be patient. When Marusya could not run and play, Vasya patiently sat next to her and brought flowers. The character of the boy showed compassion and the ability to alleviate the pain of others. He felt the depth of social differences and realized that people do not always do bad things (for example, steal) because they want to. Vasya saw the complexity of life, began to think about the concepts of justice, loyalty and human love.

This rebirth of the hero is especially clearly seen in the chapter "Doll"

In the episode with the doll, Vasya appeared before us as a person full of kindness and compassion. He sacrificed his peace and well-being, incurring suspicion so that his little friend could enjoy a toy - for the first and last time in her life. Tyburtsy saw this kindness of the boy and himself came to the judge's house at a time when Vasya was especially ill. He could not betray his comrades, and Tyburtius, as a man of insight, felt this. Vasya sacrificed his peace for the sake of Marusya, and Tyburtsy also sacrificed his secretive life on the mountain, although he understood that Vasya's father was a judge: "He has eyes and a heart only as long as the law sleeps on his shelves ..."

The more significant are the words of Tyburtsy addressed to Vasya: "Maybe it's good that your path ran through ours"?

If a child from a wealthy family learns from childhood that not everyone lives well, that there is poverty and grief, then he will learn to sympathize with these people and pity them.

Tyburtsiy Drab was an unusual person in the small town of Knyazhie-Veno. Where he came from in the town, no one knew. In the first chapter, the author describes in detail the "appearance of Pan Tyburtsiy": "He was tall, his large features were roughly expressive. Short, slightly reddish hair stuck out apart; a low forehead, a slightly protruding lower jaw and a strong mobility of the face resembled something monkey; but the eyes, sparkling from under the overhanging eyebrows, looked stubbornly and gloomily, and sharp insight, energy and intelligence shone in them, along with slyness. The boy felt a constant deep sadness in the soul of this man.

Tyburtsy told Vasya that once upon a time he had "a certain clash with the law ... that is, you understand, an unexpected quarrel ... oh, fellow, it was a very big quarrel!" We can conclude that Tyburtsiy inadvertently broke the law, and now he and his children (his wife apparently died) are outside the law, without documents, without the right to reside and without means of subsistence. He feels like "an old toothless beast in his last lair", does not have the opportunity and means to start a new life, although it is clear that he is an educated person and he does not like such a life.

Tyburtius and his children find shelter in an old castle on the island, but Janusz, a former servant of the count, together with other servants and descendants of servants, drives out strangers from his "family nest". The exiles settle in the dungeons of the old chapel in the cemetery. To feed themselves, they engage in petty theft in the city.

Despite the fact that he has to steal, Tyburtius keenly feels injustice. He respects Vasya's father, who does not make a difference between rich and poor and does not sell his conscience for money. Tyburtsy respects the friendship that began between Vasya, Valek and Marusya, and at a critical moment comes to Vasya's aid. He finds the right words to convince the judge of the purity of Vasya's intentions. With the help of this person, the father looks at his son in a new way and begins to understand him.

"He quickly came up to me and put a heavy hand on my shoulder";

"Let the boy go," repeated Tyburtsiy, and his broad palm lovingly stroked my lowered head";

"I again felt someone's hand on my head and shuddered. It was my father's hand, gently stroking my hair."

With the help of the selfless act of Tyburtius, the judge saw not the image of a tramp son, to which he was accustomed, but the true soul of his child:

“I raised my eyes inquiringly at my father. Now another person was standing in front of me, but in this particular person I found something familiar, which I had been looking for in vain in him before. He looked at me with his usual thoughtful look, but now there was a shade in this look surprise and as if a question. It seemed that the storm that had just swept over both of us had dispelled the heavy fog hanging over the soul of my father. And only now my father began to recognize in me the familiar features of his own son.

Tyburtsy understands that the judge, as a representative of the law, will have to arrest him when he finds out where he is hiding. In order not to put the judge in a false position, Tyburtsy and Valek disappear from the town after the death of Marusya.

Friendship with disadvantaged children helped Vasya's best inclinations, kindness, returned good relations with his father, played a major role in choosing a life position

Conclusion

Vasya lives according to the laws of his heart, and he responds to the heartfelt participation, warmth and attention of those who are called "bad society." However, the social status of these people does not close their spiritual qualities from him: sincerity, simplicity, kindness, striving for justice. It is here, in "bad company", Vasya finds real friends and goes through the school of true humanism.

The story of a boy's friendship with the children of the underground is the story of his inner rebirth. After the death of his mother, Vasya's life in his home became difficult. The boy moved away from everyone, became isolated, "grew like a wild tree in the field." His life completely changed after meeting Valek and Marusya. In the soul of the child woke up love, responsiveness, compassion, the ability to be caring. For the first time, Vasya learned what hunger is, how hard it is to live without your own home, how scary it is when you are despised.

He did not condemn his friends for stealing. The boy realized that this was the only way for them not to die of hunger. Thanks to Valek, Vasya changed his mind about his father, became proud of him. And the story with the doll not only showed all the best qualities of the boy, but also helped to destroy the barrier between him and his father.

It is no coincidence that Tyburtsy remarked: "Maybe it's good that your path ran through ours." Vasya also realized how much his acquaintance with the children of the dungeon gave him. Therefore, he did not forget Marusya, he constantly visits her grave.

The story of VG Korolenko is a lesson of mercy and love for people. The author tells readers: "Look around! Help those who are in trouble! And then our world will become a better place."

Vasya and Sonya came to the grave of Marusya, because for them the image of Marusya became a symbol of love and human suffering. Maybe they made a vow to always remember about little Marusa, about human grief and help this grief wherever it occurs, to change the world for the better with their deeds.

The story of V. G. Korolenko "Children of the Underground" teaches each of us to put ourselves in the place of another person, to see the world through the eyes of other people, to understand it in the same way as they do. One must be able to sympathize with a person, sympathize with him, be tolerant towards other people.

In conclusion, I want to quote the wonderful words of the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy: "Mercy consists not so much in material benefits as in spiritual support. Spiritual support consists primarily in non-judgment of one's neighbor and respect for his human dignity."

Bibliography

1. Byaly G.A. "V.G.Korolenko". - M., 1999

2. Korolenko V.G. "Stories and Essays". - M., 1998

3. Fortunatov N.M. "V.G.Korolenko". - Gorky, 1996

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Theme of the story

The main characters of the work:

boy Vasya - he is a storyteller;
Vasya's father is a rich judge;
pan Tyburtsy Drab - a poor man from a "bad society";
the boy Valek and the girl Marusya are the children of the pan.

In the city of Knyazh-Gorodok, the poor and the poor live in an old ruined castle. One day, a split occurs among these people. The servant of the local count allows Catholics, former servants or descendants of the former servants of the count to remain in the castle, calling them "decent society", and expels all other beggars. They constitute a "bad society"; these people have to settle in the dungeon of the local chapel.

Vasya is a boy from a wealthy family, deprived of his father's attention. Out of curiosity, he enters the dungeon and there he meets Valek and Marusya, as well as their father, Pan.

Friendship is born between the children, Vasya is very sorry for the poor people. Soon, Marusya begins to get sick due to her constant stay in the dungeon, and also because of constant hunger. Vasya gives her his sister's doll. The father, having learned about his son's friendship with "bad company", forbids the boy to communicate with them and locks him at home.

Soon Pan Drab himself comes to them and informs them that Marusya has died. Vasya's father shows compassion and allows his son to say goodbye to the girl. After her death, Pan and Valek disappear from the city.

Growing up, Vasya and his sister Sonya still visit Marusya's grave; sometimes their father visits her with them.

The main thoughts of the story "In Bad Society"

The main idea of the story is that labeling people is wrong. Pan Tyburtsy, his children and entourage are called "bad company" only because of their poverty, although in fact these people did nothing wrong. They are honest, kind, responsible and caring towards relatives and friends.

Also this story is about goodness. You always need to be kind, and it doesn’t matter who is in front of you - rich or poor. So Vasya acted in the story. He supported the pan's children as best he could, and in return received unforgettable life lessons: he learned to be compassionate, to help his neighbor; he learned what real friendship is and that poverty is not an evil or vice at all.