Arguments from the literature in the direction of “Courage and cowardice. Essay-reasoning on the thematic direction of art and craft

Examples of school essays on the topic "Art and Craft"

What does a person feel when it comes to art?
Some recall the paintings of famous artists,
others are sculptures or books of the great classics.

Art is not just an abstract concept, it is a reflection of the life of a person and the whole society over many centuries of their development.
The moral image of a person, his feelings and thoughts, worldview and the spiritual world - all this adds up to a certain system, which is usually called spiritual values. Spiritual values ​​serve to form a person's personality, his individuality.

Separate historical events or the atmosphere of an entire era, the class struggle or the struggle of generations, the conditions of life in any country or the situation in the world become a source for various kinds of art. History, as one of the critics noted, directly affects what themes and images will be relevant. Often artists turn to the events of the past, but this is only because they often echo the present.

At school, quite a lot of attention is paid to the study of literature, where the work of many writers from different countries and different times is considered. It is in works of art that the authors reveal what is really happening, give their assessment, and draw conclusions. And it's up to the reader to accept it or form their own opinion.

But each work reflects the spiritual development of society and the social conditions that contribute to this, the cultural heritage of a particular people. Not only literature is able to reflect reality, but also painting, sculpture, even fashion can tell about what is especially relevant at the moment.

Real presentation is the goal pursued by art as a whole. But it is necessary not only to state the events, but to artistically arrange them, to convey to the reader or viewer the significance and impact of these events on public consciousness.

Art creates the people themselves, which is why it reflects their life, their thoughts and experiences. It can show not only the beautiful, but depict evil in order to call for a fight against it, which will certainly lead to its fall before the beautiful and eternal: love, truth, happiness.

When raising the question of how to write an essay on the topic: "Art", it should be remembered that this concept will never lose its value and significance. Times may change, image styles may change. Romanticism is being replaced by realism, naturalism, and fantasy is in vogue today.

But the very role of art will never change, it will always bring truth to the people, eternal spiritual values, the artist's vision of time and his own perception of the era.
That is why, regardless of the situation in the world, regardless of the cultural development of the people, interest in works of art will not dry up.
And this is important, because only in this way can a person be inspired to do good deeds.

Essay-reasoning on the thematic direction Art and craft
Art originated in ancient times.
With the help of drawings and frescoes, ancient artists depicted different aspects of life: hunting, wars, everyday life.
Musicians expressed feelings and experiences through their works, and writers wrote ballads, describing phenomena, events and singing the exploits of their contemporaries.

Art has always accompanied mankind, changing over time and taking on the characteristics of different parts of the world.
Regardless of geographical, historical, natural and cultural qualities, works of art convey the character of life, human appearance, everyday life through musical, pictorial or other means.

Each type of art has its own characteristics, but all of them are called to one thing - to educate people, to participate in the formation of their personality, character, and creative abilities. Creating their works, the authors introduce us to their vision of the world. They explain and evaluate events that will be recorded forever on canvas, sheet music or in book volumes. But art would not be such if it showed only facts and life's vicissitudes. Rich imagination - this quality is always necessary for the master to create his masterpieces, which give aesthetic pleasure to mankind.

Millions of people love music. Romances, popular works, beautiful symphonies - our fate is inextricably linked with them throughout our life. What an aching joy from nostalgic memories or dreams can be experienced from the beautiful orchestral arrangements of Paul Maria! And while listening to Vivaldi's The Four Seasons, an exciting feeling arises in the heart, goosebumps run down the skin.

There are many people who collect art paintings, albums: originals or reproductions. They travel the world in search of certain works. Others are ready to stand in long lines at the galleries to see the paintings of El Greco or Ilya Repin. Looking into the faces of people who have visited the museum, one can often notice spirituality and satisfaction from what they see in their eyes: they have touched the beautiful, which means they have become a little better.

Humanity lives, develops, learns and strives for knowledge and embodiment. It feels the need to capture the interesting and best moments in music or canvas for its posterity. Art is like a huge book, where the most beautiful thing in the world is stored. Many pages in it have not yet been written. And I would like to hope that this volume will be replenished with worthy works for many centuries to come.

Essay-reasoning on the thematic direction Art and craft
A sign of craft is stability.
An artisan can mold a pot any day and sell it, and talent will seek inspiration, be tormented by creativity, and as a result, it may turn out that no one will buy.

Talent creates outside the framework and rules.
And the craftsman analyzes the finished product, chooses a strategy and copies the method.

The craftsman simply works mastering the technique and does not tell anything with his creativity.
It just works.

Art is creativity, the creation of something new.
A craft is the reproduction of what has already been created, in this case, objects of art.
Although this is also a useful activity, not everyone can buy the originals of the great masters, and a copy or poster is inexpensive.

Art and craft seem to be similar concepts, but they have significant differences.
You don't have to be extremely talented to learn a craft.

Art, on the other hand, appears purely thanks to people who are exceptionally gifted in their field.
The craft helps to get a livelihood, but art does not let go of the artist, it is equal to existence for the creator.

FIPI comment on the direction "Courage and cowardice":
"This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of complex, sometimes extreme life situations. On the pages of many literary works, both heroes capable of bold actions and characters showing weakness of spirit and lack of will."

Recommendations for students:
The table contains works that reflect any concept related to the direction "Courage and cowardice". You DO NOT NEED to read all of the titles listed. You may have already read a lot. Your task is to revise your reading knowledge and, if there is a lack of arguments in one direction or another, fill in the gaps. In this case, you will need this information. Take it as a guide in the vast world of literary works. Please note: the table shows only a part of the works in which the problems we need are present. This does not mean at all that you cannot bring completely different arguments in your works. For convenience, each work is accompanied by small explanations (the third column of the table), which will help you navigate exactly how, through which characters, you will need to rely on literary material (the second mandatory criterion when evaluating a final essay)

An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Courage and cowardice"

The topic "Courage and cowardice" was proposed among other topics of the final essay on literature for 2019 graduates. Many great people have talked about these two phenomena. “Courage is the beginning of victory,” Plutarch once said. “The courage of the city takes,” A.V. Suvorov agreed with him many centuries later. And some even made provocative statements on this topic: “Real courage rarely does without stupidity” (F. Bacon). Be sure to include such quotes in your work - this will have a positive effect on your assessment, as well as mentioning examples from history, literature or from life.

What to write about in an essay on this topic? You can consider courage and cowardice as abstract concepts in their broadest sense, think about them as two sides of the coin of one person, about the truth and falsity of these feelings. Write about the fact that courage can be a manifestation of excessive self-confidence, that there is a direct connection between selfishness and cowardice, but rational fear and cowardice are not the same thing.

A popular topic for reflection is cowardice and courage in extreme conditions, for example, in war, when the most important and previously hidden human fears are exposed, when a person shows character traits previously unknown to others and to himself. Or vice versa: even the most positive people in an emergency situation can show cowardice. Here it would be useful to speculate about heroism, heroism, desertion and betrayal.

As part of this essay, you can write about courage and cowardice in love, as well as in your mind. Here it would be appropriate to recall willpower, the ability to say “no”, the ability or inability to defend one’s opinion. You can talk about human behavior when making decisions or getting to know something new, getting out of your comfort zone, the courage to admit your mistakes.

Other directions of the final essay.

Topic of the essay - What qualities should a brave person have?

Lesson plan:

Essay discussion :

How can we explain the lexical meaning of the words "courage" and "cowardice"?

Courage and cowardice are the moral choice of a person.

In what situations is courage and cowardice manifested?

What traits of a person allow him to show courage?

Workshop.

Analysis of specific literary arguments.

Write differentoptions introduction to this topic.

Writevariants of the main body of the essay on this topic (each group makes its own version of the work).

Writeconclusion options on this topic.

Checking and discussion of essays.

Plan-scheme for the composition

Courage Cowardice

Working materials for the essay .

Courage is the ability to soberly assess the situation and yourself in it, it is the ability to overcome fear and emotions.

Courage is not the absence of fear, it is power over it.

Courage is the ability to be stronger than fear.

Courage is opposed to cowardice.

Courage is the basis for respect.

Courage is bound with the ability to face fear

Courage is not the absence of fear, but the understanding that there is something more important than fear.

Fear is the first helper of the enemy.

Sometimes a person lacks a drop of courage, but it can change a life.

A coward cannot be called a worthy person, since in any situation he can betray, abandon, saving himself.

The ability to control oneself in the face of fear is the main property of a brave person.

Cowardice is the behavior of a person expressed by refusing to do something out of fear.

Variant of the final essay in the direction "Courage and cowardice"

T ema - What qualities should a brave person have?

1. Introduction .

Courage and cowardice... Each of us treats this in his own way, everyone is responsible for his actions and deeds... There are people who overcome the difficulties that have arisen in life without much effort. And there are those for whom courage is overcoming fear in everyday life or in extreme situations. Courage is not the absence of fear, it is power over it. So, to show courage or to be afraid is a moral choice of a person.What are the qualities of a brave person? Why does one become strong and courageous, while the other shows cowardice? What does it depend on?The answers to these questions can be found in the literature.

2-a. Main part. First literary argument.

So, the hero of the novel by Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev, once in the Belogorsk fortress, from the very first days falls in love with the daughter of captain Mironov-Masha. But Grinev immediately had to experience another feeling. He had to fight for his love, overcome the hostility from Shvabrin, who does not feel love for the girl, but passion, it is passion that is the reason for Shvabrin's low deeds. Rivalry is a rather complex phenomenon in life. Shvabrin challenged Grinev to a duel. Peter quicklydecided to fight , because I thoughtit is your duty to show courage in this situation : After all, he fought for his love!

We see how Pushkin's hero showed courage in another most difficult moment of his life. When Pugachev burst into the fortress with his troops, Grinev, seeing the gravity of the situation, understood that going over to the side of the enemy could save his life,but honor, duty, fidelity, dignity, determination, courage and self-respect did not allow the hero to become a traitor. And Shvabrin, going over to the side of Pugachev, turned out to be a coward.

Grinev alone.saves his beloved from the camp of the enemy. From the neighboring fortress, where Peter wanted to enlist support, he alone rode through all the obstacles to save Masha Mironova.

This is how it appearedcourage the hero of Pushkinin different situations ! We are convinced that Pyotr Grinev knows how to carefully assess the situation and himself in it, boldly opposes cowardice. All these actions and deeds are highly valued in life.

2b. Main part. Second literary argument.

And in Vasil Bykov's story "Obelisk" it is told about the modest village teacher Ales Ivanovich Moroz, for whom it was not the baggage of knowledge of the students, but what his pupils would become, that was most important. The struggle for children's souls continued during the occupation. The students of Ales Moroz staged a diversion on the road with the aim of killing a local policeman. The Nazis promised to keep the children alive on the condition that their teacher appears. Frost understood the whole situation. He was a worthy man, so he could not abandon his students in order to save himself. AND,showing determination, courage, self-respect and courage , Ales Ivanovich left the partisan detachment at night to share their terrible fate with his students.This is the most difficult situation in which the true courage of the teacher was manifested!

3. Conclusion (conclusion)

What conclusion did these arguments lead me to? A brave person is one who respects himself and his choice, finds courage in a difficult situation, gathers strength and believes in victory over fear. Pyotr Grinev and teacher Ales Ivanovich Moroz showed the ability to control themselves in the face of fear, and this is the hallmark of a brave person. Such people deserve true respect! Courage is the greatest virtue in the world! You can't do without it in life. Therefore, I really want to hope that courage will actively work in our life today. Then our world will become kinder, cleaner, brighter!

Interpretation of concepts. Quotes. Phraseologisms. From history, arguments for commenting, examples of essays.

"How to distinguish cowardice from prudence..."

An example of the final essay 2017-2018: “How to distinguish cowardice from prudence, and courage from recklessness?” [Courage and cowardice]

How often do we think about the true meaning of words? It would seem that it could be easier than to explain the concepts of "courage" and "cowardice"? Anyone who is able to risk his life is, of course, a daredevil, not a small one from a timid dozen. And if a person retreats in case of danger, he is most likely timid and cowardly ...

But is it really that simple? Courage or stupidity governs those who ride on the roofs of rushing trains in search of strong emotions? Should indecision or prudence be seen in the actions of a doctor who sends a patient for examination before surgery? It seems to me that courage and cowardice are qualities that can only be defined in the light of the ultimate goal of an act.

Literature has given us many heroes whose courage or cowardice is interesting to speculate about. Consider the characters of the wonderful novel by A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter". It is hard to argue with the fact that Shvabrin, who saves his miserable life by betrayal, is a coward. The courage of Pyotr Grinev, who is ready to give his life for what is dear to him, is also understandable.

And Masha Mironova? Is she a "coward" as her mother calls her? Or is she a prudent girl, as her lover thinks? To answer this question, you need to read the work to the end. We remember that the timidity of the captain's daughter disappears when Peter faces the death penalty: Masha boldly goes for mercy to the empress herself.

You can also refer to the novel by L.N. Tolstoy " War and Peace". Let us recall the cold-blooded and cruel Dolokhov, who is able to challenge a person to a duel for no reason. Fedor risks his life, but the purpose of this risk is self-affirmation, not self-sacrifice. In my opinion, this is not courage, but the reckless pranks of an egoist who does not have to kill a person.

And what can be said about Kutuzov's decision to retreat the Russian army? Can you call it cowardice? No, the great commander showed wisdom and prudence by giving the devastated Moscow to the French. While Napoleon's soldiers turned into marauders, the Russian troops replenished supplies and strengthened, which decided the outcome of the war.

The material was prepared by Natalya Alexandrovna Zubova, the creator of the online school "SAMARUS".

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"Essay in the direction"

Composition in the direction "Courage and cowardice."

Each of us perceives courage differently. For some, it is an opportunity to overcome all sorts of difficulties without much difficulty, for someone, courage is fearlessness in all areas of life. Someone begins to consider himself brave after an ordinary street fight, and sometimes even the most fearless person does not have enough strength to simply admit to himself the mistakes he made. And yet, what qualities should a brave person have? It seems to me that the first and most basic indicator of courage is absolute and unwavering determination. Only a truly brave person, imbued with the situation, will not instill fear in himself and come up with some kind of excuse. Courage helps a person to act quickly and decisively, choosing a short path to a result. In other words, what is the point of being afraid that this will happen anyway?

The hero of the novel M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" is a truly strong and courageous person. He has such a quality as faith in his own strength, and therefore he fights to the last on the battlefield, listening to the whistle of bullets, the sound of exploding grenades, but wresting victory from the hands of the enemy. In addition, Andrey Sokolov respects himself and his choice, and therefore understands perfectly well that cowardice will lead to disrespect both from fellow soldiers and from himself. Therefore, the hero goes to talk with Miller with a clear understanding that the result will be either death or mercy, but not cowardice or betrayal. And, indeed, some desperate audacity and fearlessness of the Russian soldier aroused respect even among the Germans, and they, in turn, expressed this by giving Andrey Sokolov some food. And, finally, the most striking indicator of the courage of the hero was his determination during the last escape from captivity. Realizing that it is necessary to act very quickly, Andrei takes the uniform from the drunken non-commissioned officer and prepares a weight, with which he later stuns the German major and brings the “present” to the front to his soldiers. For his courage, the hero was presented to the state award.

The hero of the novel A.S. has the same qualities. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Once in the Belogorsk fortress, Peter from the very first days becomes "his own", falls in love with the captain's daughter and finds an enemy in the person of Shvabrin, who also desired the location of Mary. Was Peter afraid of rivalry? Of course not, he perfectly understood that everything was in his own hands, and therefore, when Shvabrin challenged our hero to a duel, Peter immediately agreed, because the fear of death was much weaker than the desire to show his courage. Peter showed her at the moment when Pugachev burst into the fortress with his people. Seeing how those closest to him die, Peter, it would seem, perfectly understood that only going over to the side of the enemy could save him from certain death, but self-respect did not allow him to do so. Between betrayal and death, he confidently chooses the latter, unlike, for example, the cowardly Shvabrin. The most important indicator of Peter's courage is, of course, his decision to single-handedly save his beloved from the bosom of the enemy. Having got out for help to a neighboring fortress, Peter does not find like-minded people who want to break into the fortress with Pugachev with him, after which he takes a horse and rides alone through all obstacles, not being afraid of anything except that Mary might suffer.

Summing up the above, we can conclude that a brave person must respect himself and his choice, believe in his own strength and not be afraid to act directly, and also be able to make quick and correct decisions.

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"Themes for op. Courage and...

An approximate list of topics for the final essay in the 2017/2018 academic year in the official direction from FIPI - Courage and cowardice.

Cowardice takes away the mind. Friedrich Engels

Courage is the beginning of victory. Plutarch

When can cowardice be justified?

Does luck really favor the brave?

When do you need to be bold?

Cowardice is knowing what to do and not doing it. Confucius.

Do you agree that courage is cowardice overcome?

There is no place for happiness in the souls of the cowardly. M. Cervantes.

Cowardice is the worst vice. M. Bulgakov.

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4. "Courage and cowardice"

This direction is based on the comparison opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of difficult, sometimes extreme life situations.

On the pages of many literary works are presented both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.

From a very early age, we begin to understand what courage is and what cowardice is, that being brave is good, and being cowardly is bad, that courage means a person’s ability to take decisive action in any situation, and cowardice is an avoidance of these actions. .

Rereading Russian literature, one can come across many examples of the brave actions of heroes, and vice versa, the actions of those who proved themselves to be a real coward. In the famous novel by M.Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”, one of the heroes is the young cadet Grushnitsky. In the description of Pechorin, Grushnitsky appears as a person who demonstrates some kind of courage that is not ours: “I saw him in action: he waves his saber, shouts and rushes forward, closing his eyes. This is something not Russian courage! Grushnitsky has a St. George Cross, but Pechorin considers him a coward. Is he right? I recall the scene of a quarrel between Grushnitsky and Pechorin, when the former cadet slandered the princess in order to take revenge, while Pechorin demanded an apology. It was easier for Grushnitsky to lie than to admit in front of everyone that he actually slandered the girl. He was afraid of the vile water society, ready to slander anyone, just to look like a hero in the eyes of others. Grushnitsky has not changed, even standing in the face of death, he "wraps himself in magnificent phrases", proclaiming nonsense: "There is no place for us on earth together ...". However, real courage is alien to him. If he were bold, he would admit his cowardice, his fear of appearing pathetic in the face of a pompous society proclaiming false values. But Grushnitsky is simply not capable of this.

I also recall Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", in which Nikolai Rostov considers himself a brave man. And indeed it is. Yes, in the first battle near Shengraben, he did not open fire on the French, instead he threw down his pistol and, like a hare, rushed to run away. But it was his first fight. Then Rostov became a real officer, not only in battle, but also in life. When he lost a serious amount to Dolokhov, he confessed to himself the crime he had committed, and vowed never to sit at the card table and make up for the entire loss to the family. And when fate brought him to Princess Bolkonskaya, he quickly put things in order among the rebellious serfs, putting them in their place.

Courage is a priceless quality that develops over time. Courageous deeds can only be done by truly kind and strong people. Only brave people can make the world a little better and kinder, change it for the better.

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