Meaning of the word rock. History of Soviet rock music
Rock music refers to the synthesis of black rhythm and blues and country music. From the first direction a peculiar rhythmic pattern was borrowed (reverse beat: emphasis on the second and fourth beats of the bar), from the second - the completeness of the compositions and improvisation, simplified in comparison with the blues. Rock is a protest against the political situation in the country, the values of the older generation, a way of self-expression and a statement of one’s own views on life. The confrontation occurs due to the lyrics and aggressive manner of performance.
Story
Music of this style first appeared in 1954. In the movie "Chalkboard Jungle" the song "Rock round the clock" was performed by Bill Haley. At the same time, Elvis Presley's records came out. Somewhat later, the Beatles, Rolling Stones and Bob Dylan appeared on the music arena.
Gradually, rock music begins to be performed as a protest against the war in Vietnam, and organizations are created whose members do not welcome armed conflicts and racism.
With the emergence of the underground in the USA ( The Doors, Steppenwolf, Blood, Sweet & Tears), and in the UK musicians try to preserve the features of traditional culture ( Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, Pink Floyd). At the same time appears new form presentation of compositions - music album: several melodies united by one idea.
Gradually, the rock style is gaining popularity in other countries, developing and breaking up into different directions.
Jazz, hard, folk...
The style is based on classic rock. Musicians (Elton John, Sting, The Who) play electric guitar, bass guitar, drums and do not use stylistic features other directions.
Psychedelic rock is music that is composed under the influence, while progressive rock has other forms. musical construction, complexity and depth of the material presented. Progressive rockers include Blood, Sweat & Tears, Gong and others. The creativity of musicians who want to go beyond the boundaries of style is called experimental rock. The most famous experimenters are The Fugs, The Godz, Red Crayola, etc.
Another direction combines features of rock and jazz. It appeared not only because jazzmen became cramped in their style, but also as a result of the fusion of “white” and “black” music as part of the fight against racism. Famous musicians synthetic style - Georgie Fame, The Soft Machine, The Mahavishnu Orchestra, etc. Folk rock is a synthesis of rock and folk music (Bob Dylan, Joan Boez, Fairport Convention), and hard rock is characterized by specific guitar rhythms, heavy rhythm -section and excessive sound volume. Famous representatives directions - Jimi Hendrix, Iron Butterfly, Vanilla Fudge.
Also music critics they distinguish glam, gothic, etc. The definition of style varieties is somewhat arbitrary, since groups are constantly experimenting, changing the manner of playing or inventing new ways of performing.
Rock opera
Characteristic of all types of art, including music. An example of this is the synthesis of rock and drama, called rock opera. This includes episodes in which the plot is revealed. The arias are performed in rock style. Unlike classical opera, a keyboard player, guitarist, and other musicians may be present on stage. Most often, the performance is accompanied by the sound of a classical orchestra.
The singing style is assertive and aggressive, which is typical for rock music. Sometimes parts contain elements of other musical styles (jazz, folk, baroque, etc.). In addition to arias, musicians perform recitatives and plastic numbers.
Examples of works of this genre are “Hair” by G. McDermott, “Godspel” by S. Shuorz, “Juno and Avos” by A. L. Rybnikov, etc.
Rock culture
Over time, the music of rockers became so popular that elements of the style penetrated into other layers of culture, and a unique rock style arose. This is how a special language (slang) appeared, in which adherents of the style and fans speak. Slang is used to write song lyrics, but at concerts (sessions) non-verbal communication becomes more important. The unity of music, words, stage movements and images affects the human subconscious, causing certain sensations and emotional reactions.
Rockers are fond of Buddhism and other religious teachings, contrary to psychology West. In their free time from concerts, musicians and fans attend so-called happenings (meetings), where they communicate, play music, and express their opinions about everything that happens in their lives.
Trends in rock culture are manifested in clothing (indelible stains of dirt among hippies), demeanor (rock is the denial of everything and everyone, therefore aggression is characteristic of adherents of the style), rejection of traditional values, moral and aesthetic attitudes.
Rock and Christianity
The Christian religion does not recognize the right to the existence of rock, considering adherence to rock culture impossible for believers in God. Enhanced rhythms, increased frequencies, and soulful lyrics influence people’s subconscious and awaken deep instincts.
Rock has a serious impact on the psyche. After listening to such music, a person loses the ability to self-control. The content of many songs is devoted to the theme of death, human depression, and self-destruction. In many cases, passion for rock music is closely related to drug use and violence, which also does not correspond to the Christian lifestyle.
Art historians and cultural experts view rock music and everything connected with it as a confrontation traditional culture.
A fairly complete explanatory dictionary of the language of rock musicians and journalists would take up a lot of space. Therefore, the proposed “glossary” is limited - and from two sides at once.
Firstly, it did not include many popular words of youth slang that do not have the most direct, specific relationship to rock - say, “party”, “high”, “bummer” and many others. Secondly, it does not seem necessary to explain many specific technical terms, for example, the names of electronic effects (“wah”), playing techniques (“slap”), types of earnings (“parnos”), etc. The dictionary is compiled at a “professional” level amateur" - which, by the way, is the majority in the rock community.
Underground (English)- literally, underground music. Before 1980, virtually all of our rock was underground. Until 1985 - all “non-philharmonic” rock. Since all groups received the right to perform legally, underground rock, in the strict sense of the word, does not exist in our country. Now the most radical punk and avant-garde groups are called underground - which, in general, corresponds to the international understanding of this term. Some style variations even include Adidas sneakers latest models, which can be purchased on the official online store with delivery throughout Russia.
Blank— a preliminary, basic version of multi-channel sound recording. As a rule, they are recorded on a blank percussion instruments, bass and rhythm guitar. Then the vocal parts and instrumental solos are overdubbed, and finally the final mixing (or “mix”) of all recorded audio tracks is carried out.
Bootleg (English)- cassettes or records replicated without the knowledge or consent of the musicians. As a rule, bootlegs include unauthorized recordings from concerts.
Knit (screw), knitting- a frequent ending to underground events: a ban or forced termination of a concert, accompanied by the detention of musicians, organizers and part of the audience.
Jam (English)— joint informal music-making of performers from different groups. Sometimes happens after big concerts and festivals. The music is almost exclusively traditional rock and roll and blues.
Drive— intensity, degree of energy output in the game.
Drums (drums), drumsist (English)- percussion instruments, drummer.
Factory- approximately the same as drive, but slightly more in a broad sense: the ability of musicians to stir up and excite listeners.
Image (English)— stage image of a soloist or the entire group. It is created with the help of clothes, makeup, hair, a special manner of acting on stage, and facial expressions.
Kabak- in a narrow musical sense - cheap, restaurant style, style of performance.
Keyboard (English) — keyboard instrument, usually electronic.
Labukh- a disparaging nickname for restaurant musicians or musicians playing in a tavern style.
Screw up, screw up- in a broad sense: mistake, trouble; do something wrong. In musical practice, accordingly, there is a false note, unrhythmic playing, incorrect text, etc.
Master (abbreviated from English "master-tape")— original, “zero copy” of film with studio recording.
Manager (English)- in underground practice, concert organizers. Nowadays it is increasingly used in its real meaning - “the manager of the affairs” of a particular artist or ensemble.
Mouzon- music. The word has a rough artisanal connotation and is used mainly by professional musicians.
Mainstream (English)- literally, "the main channel" of any musical direction(rock, jazz, pop), the totality of its most popular this moment characteristics.
Untied, untied- behave on stage in the most relaxed manner, give the heat, no matter what. Particularly outrageous concerts often end in scandals.
Lotions- a generalized name for all kinds of sound effects and processors - “fuzz”, “crossover”, “chorus”, etc.
Unwind, unwind- an active propaganda campaign to penetrate the consciousness of the audience new song, album or group. As a rule, “their” channels on TV, radio and the press are used for this.
Riff (English)- a short, repeated musical phrase played in unison by the guitar and bass guitar. Very often - especially in hard and heavy - entire songs are built on one riff.
Rocker (from the word "rock")- the same as a rock musician. True, in Lately they began to be confused with “informal” motorcyclists.
Rap (English)- literally, "chatter." A technique that has become popular since the mid-80s is to quickly rhythmically recite the lyrics of a song instead of singing them. Practiced not only by rock singers, but also by some disc jockeys.
Samopal- a homemade musical instrument, a piece of sound equipment.
Sound (English)— sound, the sound of the group both at a concert and on recording. It consists of several components: arrangement, sound balance, playing style, sound production style, quality of equipment (or recording). Along with the composition, text and skill of the performers is the most important characteristic any rock work.
Single (English)- a small record (45 rpm), usually contains two songs.
Session (English)- the “old hippie” name of a rock concert that still exists today.
Take off- copy, reproduce famous (usually Western) samples. Shooting “to zero” or “one to one” means close enough to the original. Previously, entire songs were filmed, including the vocal part in the original language. Now they take individual favorite fragments (an instrumental solo, an arrangement technique, a piece of melody) and use them organically.
Scoop, scoop- something close-minded, of low quality and smack of officialdom. Say, the characteristic "soviet festival" would presumably mean that the rock festival was poorly organized or took place in a formal setting. The title “scoop” can also be awarded to people.
Banter, mock (Leningr.)- to fool, ironize, mock, while maintaining an innocent appearance. During the years of stagnation (they are also the heyday of Aesopian language), banter was the most in a safe way expressions of attitude to reality. Now it is gradually going out of fashion.
Ström, sköm- risky, on the verge of what is permitted. As a rule, the darkest lyrics are those that are ideologically and artistically questionable. However, there is also a terrible image and terrible music. As a matter of fact, all Soviet rock until some time was a continuous stream.
Sampling (English)— recording sounds by digital recording into the timbre memory of a music computer. The tool that allows you to do this is called a sampler.
Top (English)- top, elite. To get to the top, to be at the top - to have success, to be popular.
Fenka (less often - chip)- a highlight, a successful find in music and image.
Company, branded- foreign. A branded self-propelled gun is a locally made tool, but with all the foreign labels. The stress in the word "company" can be placed on any syllable.
Freebie (for free, free)- for nothing. IN figuratively- shoddy, cheap, small. For example, the expression “freebie concert” can be understood in two ways: a concert for which the musicians were not paid anything, or, on the contrary, an easy hack job that they themselves “gave for free.” Very often, however, these two meanings coincide.
Hit, hit (English)- a particularly popular song. There may be one or two of these in the ensemble’s current repertoire. As a rule, there are also old hits, beloved by the public, performed as an encore. Sometimes the entire group is called a hit, meaning that big success she is provided for.
Happening (English)- an eccentric theatrical performance. Most often it unfolds spontaneously and covers part of the audience.
Ches- hacky tours (usually around the province), when up to three concerts are given per day. Once upon a time this word was used only among musicians of philharmonic societies.
rock
m. south zap. year, summer.
Star. deadline, scheduled, scheduled time, time, extra. Come... to the appointed fate. But the Jews did not accept that fate.
Now, fate, predestination, fate, inevitable, narrowed. Muslims believe in fate, Christians in providence. You can't escape rock. You can't go against fate. He is killed, oppressed by fate. No one can escape their destiny. Rock is looking for his head. The fate of the guilty (the fate of the doomed) will find. Imminent marriage is a visible fate. Fear, do not be afraid, but without fate there is no death. The fateful day, the anniversary of the fateful deed; urgent, timely, when something must happen, be decided; when fate decides, decided fate, or an important event. Happy for dinner, fatally hit.
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov
rock
rock, plural no, m. (book). Fate (obsolete poet.). Fate threatens me again with envious misfortune. Pushkin. And what is taken once in life, fate cannot take away from us. Nekrasov. And rock left on his brow youthful days stamp of passions. Lermontov.
In Greek mythology and in mystical ideas - an otherworldly force or the will of a deity that predetermines the events of human and earthly life in general.
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.
rock
A, m, (high). Unlucky fate (1 value). By the will of fate. Angry R. gravitates over kvm-n.
rock
A, m. Usually eccentric pop music, full of socio-dramatic expression, performed in fast rhythms, often on electronic instruments, involving voice(s). Electronic r. Heavy r. (with amplified sound, especially energetic, hard and dynamic, causing aggressive excitement in listeners).
Ah, m. Same as rock and roll (colloquial).
unism. Related to rock music. Dance in the style of R. Jazz-r.
adj. also rbkovy, -aya, -oe. Rock music.
New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.
Rock (Calvados)
Rock- a commune in France, located in the Lower Normandy region. Department of the commune - Calvados. The 1st canton is part of the canton of Lisieux. The district of the commune is Lisieux.
The INSEE code of the commune is 14540.
Rock (album)
"Rock"- the sixth album of the group “Naiv”. This record is also the first concert CD recorded at the 12th anniversary of the group at the KFOR MAI on December 2, 2000. In 2004, the album was re-released in new version album, instead of a live recording of the song “Rock,” a studio recording appeared.
Rock (lake)
Lake Rock- lake in southeastern Wisconsin, USA. The lake lies 20 miles east of Madison, Wisconsin.
Rock County, Minnesota
Rock- a county in Minnesota, USA. The capital and largest city is Luverne. According to the 2009 census estimate, the county has a population of 9,483. Area - 1251 km², of which 1250.4 km² is land, and 0.63 km² is water. The population density is 8 people/km².
Rock County, Nebraska
Rock County is a county located in Nebraska, USA with a population of 1,526 people according to the 2010 census. There are two settlements in the district - the city of Bassett, which is the county seat of the district, and the village of Newport.
Rock (county)
There are three counties in the United States of America named Rock :
- Rock County is in the state of Wisconsin.
- Rock County is in Minnesota.
- Rock County is in Nebraska.
Rock (film)
« Rock» - a documentary film by Alexey Uchitel dedicated to Soviet rock 1980s. According to critics, this was the first film covering the topic of Russian rock, shot by domestic specialists. Filming took place in places where rock musicians worked, including in “Kamchatka”, which is now a place in memory of Viktor Tsoi, and on the street. Rubinshteina, 13, in the Leningrad rock club (V rock festival). A bonus to the DVD, released in the late 1990s, was a report on the funeral of the poet A. Bashlachev, one of the most prominent figures rock culture of those years.
Rock (studio)
Creative and production association "Rock" is a Russian film company engaged in the production of feature films and documentaries. General Director - Alexey Uchitel. Producer - Kira Saksaganskaya.
Rock (Big Sioux tributary)
Rock- a river in the United States, in southwestern Minnesota and northwestern Iowa.
It originates in Pipestone County, Minnesota, 21 km northeast of the city of Pipestone. It flows primarily in a southerly direction, passing through Rock County and Lyon County. Then it turns southwest and flows through the territory of Sioux County. It flows into the Big Sioux River about 10 km north of Howarden. The length of the river is about 232 km.
In its lower reaches it receives a large tributary, Little Rock (about 120 km). The following settlements are located on the banks of the river: Holland, Edgerton, Luverne, Rock Rapids, Doune and Rock Valley.
Rock County, Wisconsin
Rock County located in Wisconsin, USA. Officially formed in 1836. As of 2010, the population was 160,331.
Rock (Haute-Garonne)
Rock(, Also Roque-sur-Garonne) is a commune in France, located in the Midi-Pyrenees region. Department - Haute-Garonne. It is part of the canton of Porte-sur-Garonne. The district of the commune is Muret.
The INSEE code of the commune is 31458.
Examples of the use of the word rock in literature.
It was this morning that her childhood friend, Hélène de Rock, Abbess of Monglane.
Paradoxical as it may seem, rock more willingly accepted the ideas of modal and avant-garde jazz, ignoring earlier harmonic traditions.
It included Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Minister of Economy and Planning, one of the authors of Cuban reforms Jose Luis Rodriguez, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Isabel Allende and members of the State Council Felipe Perez Roque and Jose R.
Most shi rock about in the mid-80s domestic rock was presented at the underground level, where many interesting and highly professional groups were formed that did not set themselves the task of entering the official stage.
It's just yours rock brought his father to Holland, where he met a woman, Anneke van Drost, who became his wife, and he saw Spanish Catholics, priests and the Inquisition for the first time.
No one influenced the story rock in just one year, just like the Beatles did in 1963.
The hero fights rock, the hero fights with fate, the hero fights with chance: here are three parallel formulations of the fight against death in three genres, varying the same thing depending on the nature of the conceptualization that creates them.
For greater effect, he could calmly withstand any blow with a pole, but with a mace there are no jokes: a blow to the head, slammed from the heart Rock, could easily deprive him of his senses.
A minivan with a running engine stands on the side of the road, the driver's door is open, blue smoke flies out of the exhaust pipe, rock coming from the cabin.
That way I could end up in Castle Roque, kill Homer Gamache and put your fingerprints all over his car.
You are beautiful, like a miracle, you are destiny, eternal rock
For your wondrous gaze, all people - everyone in a row - are ready to fall, Even all the steppe fallow deer are ready to fall for your glance, All for your single lock of hair, they say, are ready to fall, For the outfit you put on, Rum, Baghdad are ready to fall, And in confusion before you I am embraced, ready to fall, - You are beautiful, like a miracle, you are fate, eternal rock: No matter how much you torment me angrily, I have no grief or anxiety.
Endure the anger rock, And we will wait for change: Fate, cruel goddess, Yesterday a flower, today a corpse, Changing, our destiny will change With a smile of capricious lips.
It seemed to her that she was far from Mr. Gaunt, from Needful Things, from Castle Rock, even from.
PROFESSIONAL JARGON OF MUSICIANS.
Transfer from musical language to human and back:
♪ In C major - naked (ran out of the room in C major)
♪ Wave - conduct, direct music playing (who is waving today?)
♪ The instrument of profit is a musical instrument.
♪ "That's the conductor!" - let me leave the rehearsal early (at least an hour before the end.)
♪ He got involved - well, that’s what he whistled for free, according to by and large, is not
♪ From under the hair - no notes (accompaniment)
♪ Flat - belly (look how flat he grew!)
♪ Bekar - failure, failure (with a salary a complete bekar...)
♪ Quietly - secretly, stealthily (I grabbed two sandwiches quietly)
♪ With two bows - love triangle(corrected by censor)
♪ Blow, whistle, peep, yell, pluck, knock - play various musical instruments.
♪ Potato - long note. (all potatoes vibrate!!!)
♪ Ches - an abundance of very fast music (two minutes of crazy scratching)
♪ Ches, scratch (another meaning) - play many concerts in a row.
♪ Serve a client - play accompaniment to a soloist (Yes, I got a difficult client...)
♪ Half a brick - a difference of a quarter tone. (yes, he plays half a brick higher!!!)
♪ Two bricks (yes, he plays two bricks higher!!!) is the same as half a brick, but with a tinge of personal hostility.
♪ Puzoches - performer on plucked folk instruments.
♪ To bake - accordingly, to refuse
♪ Under the kochum - quietly.
♪ To wander - to remain silent, to rest, to pause.
♪ I played it under the piano - I didn’t play the piano very well.
♪ What about three? - which musical composition currently executing
♪ A deceptive gesture is a conductor’s affront to a chord or introduction that does not exist at the moment.
♪ Past the cash register - past the notes.
♪ By neighbors - play past the required notes, ending up in neighboring ones.
♪ Black caviar - a whole page of sixteenth notes
♪ String players - string players bowed instruments
♪ Clergy - wind musicians
♪ Demobilize - modulate, move to another key
♪ Shara (on the ball) - something that is given for free
♪ Berlo - food
♪ Take - eat
♪ Drive to Berlin - run to the dining room.
♪ Bashley - money
♪ Show off - pay money
♪ Sheet - sheet music pages glued or laid out one after another due to continuous scratching without the ability to turn over. The maximum length of the sheet is theoretically limited solely by the width of the stage. To unfold a sheet, an average of three remote controls are required, combined with the composure and attentiveness of the performer when unfolding. A correctly laid out sheet provides a 27.5% success rate. At the same time, an incorrectly laid out sheet with a probability of up to 97% leads to inevitable failure at the concert.
♪ Lazha is a basic musical term, an error in performance and, in general, any unpleasant situation.
♪ Hackwork is a part-time job that turns up, most often one-time.
♪ Sha-flat-callus is a very uncomfortable key with many signs and difficult positions. Another option is an indefinite key with a very out of tune performance.
♪ To crush is to sleep. Drushlag - bed.
♪ Double dominant - very big butt.
♪ Get excited - play. How exactly depends on the intonation. “You and I should get loose” - this is when musicians dream of playing something together to mutual pleasure. “We had fun on the ball yesterday, we had a blast” - they played somehow, without rehearsals.
♪ Labat zhmura - play at a funeral (usually brass players play zhmura).
♪ Going to blind man's houses - playing at funerals.
♪ Solo - drink alcohol. "They soloed all the way to Volsk..."
♪ Go to diminuendo - smoothly get out of the binge.
♪ Tremolo - shaking hands from a hangover.
♪ Toscanini - moving equipment or large instruments.
♪ Perform - refers to any action, for example: We performed a couple of beers.
♪ Sounded like an expression of satisfaction from something, for example from a couple of beers.
♪ Diez - prison. The hash mark in telephones and intercoms is also often referred to as a sharp.
♪ Ear - French horn.
♪ Top - accordion, button accordion.
♪ Trumpet players are brass players.
♪ Turnip - rehearsal.
♪ Snot is a slow and sad part of music.
♪ Goose bang - a fast part of music that suddenly comes after a slow one.
♪ Rubilovo, mochilovo, quality - an intense part of the music.
♪ Dr04it - diligently practice playing the instrument alone.
♪ Board is an electric guitar whose body is usually made of solid wood.
♪ Bank - acoustic guitar, its body is empty inside.
♪ Oar, shovel, ax – electric guitar.
♪ Substrate – a syncopated instrumental part that sounds as a counterpoint to the main rhythm.
♪ According to Prokofiev? - According to Tchaikovsky! – Should we have some coffee? - At this time of day I prefer tea!
♪ F**k-f**k, f*ck-fuck-fuck-fuck-fuck-fuck-fuck-fuck-fuck-fuck-fuck-fuck, f*ck! - mnemonic combinations of sounds that help the drummer remember his part.
♪ Pi©ka-pipi©ka is a mnemonic expression of the swing rhythm on the drums.
♪ Rims-kiy-Kor-sa-kov-sov-sem-su-ma-so-shel - a mnemonic combination of sounds that allows you to remember the 11/8 time signature, actively used by Rimsky-Korsakov.
♪ Lambs, rams - excessive uncontrollable vibration in the voices of some not very good vocalists.
♪ Spitting out the ligaments is an expression that is used by singers after performing a complex part with a large vocal load.
♪ Geography is a term for working with an opera director. It means from where and where to go on stage.
♪ Give a rooster - take it poorly high note.
♪ To scuff - to play uncertainly, confusedly.
♪ Metal in the voice - the brightness in the voice that singers strive for.
♪ The Walrus is a singer who is usually performed at the “food is served” party. Set phrase- walrus party.
♪ Pour - sing with full sound, fill the entire acoustic space of the hall, amaze with the volume of your voice.
♪ To produce is a very commendable term among vocalists; it means to sing with the necessary timbre content.
♪ Wardrobe - double bass.
♪ Shkvarka is a bad double bass.
♪ Pin - play in the transition, on the street. Accordingly, shtyrshchik is a street musician, shtyrka is a place for street music playing. A stable expression is to go to the pin.
♪ Fur coat on the stove - a flightless voice with a dim timbre.
♪ Beat on the piano - sing or play something too quietly when you can’t hear it from the audience.
♪ Right now I’ll explain to them in C major - an expression of extreme indignation.
♪ Vokalyuga is a singer who sings very loudly from the point of view of an instrumentalist.
♪ Gorlovik is a singer with a vocalization defect, a hard, “throat” timbre.
♪ Doshnik - the note “C” of the third octave, for tenors and sopranos it is approximately the same as a three-turn jump for figure skaters. Reshnik - respectively, a quadruple jump. Most famous example- tenor aria from Donizetti’s “Daughter of the Regiment” with nine upper “Cs”. For the coloratura soprano, the lightest voice, the same test is the fascinator, that is, “F” of the third octave. A classic example is the Queen of the Night’s aria from “ The Magic Flute» Mozart.
♪ Pipes - string instruments: violin, viola, cello. “How do you like my new Stradivarius pipe?” - an example of the refined humor of a string player.
♪ Perfume - wind blowers.
♪ Playing with schmaltz - playing strings with pronounced “Jewish” shades, with glissando, etc. Nowadays it is more a sign of bad taste.
♪ Like a dog's nose - extreme acting inexpressiveness.
♪ Mezzukha - mezzo-soprano.
♪ Police whistle - a common vocalization flaw coloratura sopranos.
♪ Orevo - loud style of singing.
♪ Tovarit is a very commendable term among vocalists, excluding any condescending everyday connotation that may seem at first. It means to sing with the necessary timbre filling.
♪ Quail - a state of voice fatigue after excessive stress.
♪ Rezhopera - director's opera (which is usually also called “modern”).
♪ Hands like feet is a working expression among pianists after a long break from practicing.
♪ Silovik is a singer who sings strainedly.
♪ Cartilage is a characteristic unpleasant sound among string players.
♪ Cha major - out of tune singing.
Introduction
Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for describing the jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians
§ 2. On the types of division of language and forms of its existence
§ 3. Jargon, argot, slang: on terminological redundancy and homonymy in the metalanguage of sociolinguistics
§ 4. About jargon as a secondary communicative system of the national language and the functions of jargon
Conclusions on the first chapter
Chapter 2. Linguistic description of the jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians
§ 1. Rock culture and language
§ 2. Extralinguistic basis of the concept “jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians”
§ 3. Lexico-semantic features of the jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians
§ 4. Borrowings in the jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians
§ 5. Phraseologisms in the jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians
§ 6. Lexico-semantic groups in the jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians
§ 7. Features of the morphemic structure of a slang word and methods of forming slang units
§ 8. Semantic transfer as a way of forming the jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians
Conclusions on the second chapter
Conclusion
List of used literature
List of lexicographic sources
Appendix 1. Materials for the dictionary of jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians
Appendix 2. List of respondents
Introduction
The Russian national language is a historically established linguistic community and unites the entire set of linguistic means of the Russian people, including all Russian dialects and dialects, as well as social jargons. Highest form The national Russian language is the Russian literary language. Until recently philological science, while studying the dynamics of Russian speech, she paid primary attention to the positive - verbal creativity in its highest sense: bookish literary language, literary texts, poetic speech, worthy manifestations of national folklore - and was significantly less concerned with the elements of mass urban speech, an organic part of which are professional sublanguages, social jargons, and argot. Meanwhile, urban speech, as a living organism that exists relatively independently, is part of the general Russian linguistic and cultural space, with which the literary language itself is connected through many factors.
Due to its geographical remoteness from other Russian cities, as well as a number of objective social reasons (occupation of residents, influence of local dialects, living conditions, natural and climatic conditions, remoteness from large centers), the urban speech of Severodvinsk has its own personality traits. Within the framework of this speech, jargons take their place, including the jargon of musicians - a relatively small social group, which, according to our observations, are not characterized by close contacts with their own kind from other cities.
The study of social dialects is associated with certain difficulties. Subsystems are very mobile, they are uncodified and subject to laws, primarily the sociolinguistic norm, which is much less stable than the linguistic one. The main form of implementation of social dialects is oral. In written texts, elements of non-literary language occur occasionally, performing various kinds of stylistic functions. Collecting samples of oral speech is always a more labor-intensive and painstaking task than analyzing written texts, since this material clearly shows correlations between linguistic and social phenomena. However, the subject of research in itself does not necessarily predetermine the sociolinguistic nature of its description. In principle, each social dialect can be studied from a purely structural point of view - its vocabulary is described, the sources of its replenishment are identified (of course, these facts can also be given a sociolinguistic interpretation, but they can also be illuminated exclusively lexicologically), the most frequent morphological patterns are identified , features of phonetics and syntax (if any). Thus, turning to such a dynamically developing and changing idiom of Russian speech as the jargon of musicians, and in a territorially marked form (Severodvinsk), must be considered relevant and scientifically promising. The fact that the slang vocabulary of Severodvinsk has not been studied by anyone determines the scientific novelty of the study.
The research material was lexical units representing the jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians, collected by the author.
The purpose of the thesis research is to describe the linguistic features of the jargon of Severodvinsk rock musicians.
In connection with the stated goal, the following tasks were set:
– study scientific literature on the research topic;
– characterize the place of slang vocabulary in the system of the modern Russian national language;
– identify and characterize the sources of slang vocabulary;
– to reveal the concept of “musician jargon” and its place in the Russian language space (in the system of forms of existence of the modern Russian language);
– collect and systematize examples of slang speech of Severodvinsk rock musicians;
– identify signs of systemic organization of jargon;
– describe the main methods (techniques) of the formation of slang units, identify among them the dominant ones in the formation of jargon that are part of the jargon of Severodvinsk musicians;
– present a description of the lexical-semantic groups of slang (actually slang and professional slang) vocabulary of Severodvinsk rock musicians.
At different stages of work we used various methods and techniques of analysis. The method of linguistic description with all its techniques was chosen as the main one; as well as private methods: participant observation method, comparative method. The participant observation method allows us to draw certain conclusions about speech behavior the reference group being studied, adjust the results of specific language material obtained through interviews and questionnaires. In a number of cases, slang speech was recorded without the knowledge of the informants. The technique of self-observation was also used. The recordings of the informants' speech, as well as their own speech, recorded the use of lexical units in natural conditions. When qualifying the semantics of slang units, the techniques of component analysis turned out to be productive; when characterizing the word-formation features of the studied vocabulary, formal connections within chains, prospective word-formation analysis was used, in cases where attention was paid to some combinability properties of LSV, methods of distributional analysis were used.
Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for describing the jargon of Severodvinsk musicians
§ 1. The concept of the Russian language space and the space of Russian culture
The modern language situation in Russia is characterized by great dynamics, especially in the sphere of uncodified speech. Understanding and analyzing the current situation is one of the pressing problems facing modern linguistics.
The works of many scientists are devoted to the study of social dialects from various positions [Schweitzer, Nikolsky 1976; Krysin 1989; Lisovsky 1996; Grachev 1997; Khimik 2000 and others]. Currently out whole line dictionaries of various jargons and argot [Bykov 1994; Elistratov 2000; Large Dictionary of Russian Jargon 2000; Kveselevich 2003; Dictionary of the modern Russian city 2003, etc.].
According to many linguists, Russian speech is the use of the Russian language in its main functions: communication, communication, influence, etc. However, from this statement we can conclude that speaking, or the Russian language in action, is a diverse, multi-aspect process, depending, according to V.V. Chemist, from the one who says what he communicates, with whom he communicates, for what purpose and under what conditions [Khimik 2000: 3]. Russian speech is diverse. And this “diversity of the speech element as a whole is the Russian language space” Lotman 1993: 15].
Linguistic space constitutes a condition for the generation and development of cultural space and a means of its formation and existence. In other words, “language is a mirror of culture, main source history of the people and their spirit" [Khimik 2000: 8].
Your view on the concepts of Russian language and cultural space in the article “Linguistic space as a component of the paradigm of sociocultural space” is defended by N.K. Frolov: “the concept of “space”, which has become recent decades fashionable, super common in the field of science, culture, education, and is synonymous with the concepts of “field”, “habitat”, “field of activity”. For example, we can cite words and expressions such as spiritual, national, linguistic, political, legal, geographical space and even moral space<…>. Beliefs, morals, convictions, certain knowledge, methods of obtaining a livelihood, socio-political organization, etc. are fixed in oral folklore traditions and recorded by linguistic means. The totality of all these sensory-cognitive, incentive-communicative factors precisely constitutes the form of spatial existence - spiritual culture<…>. The cultural-linguistic environment includes a number of linguistic and non-linguistic components: a) orthnic language as a ready-made system of signs and meanings, famous writers, creators of language (verbal-significative component; b) material objects (denotative component); c) cognitive ethnic component, i.e. a complex of knowledge, beliefs, ideas and cognitive stereotypes; d) psychological component, which is a factor of ethnic consciousness of its linguistic orientations. Linguistic space is objectified in speech activity."
