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Metaphorical cards are a new, but already proven direction in psychology, related to projective methods. Psychologists who use associative cards in their work confirm their effectiveness. The advantage of this method is that you can work with cards on your own for development creativity, .

What are metaphorical cards?

Metaphorical associative cards (MAC) - a set of cards or postcards that depict various kinds of events, figures, faces, nature, objects, animals, abstractions. Why do we need metaphorical maps, which sometimes seem simple and primitive pictures? Psychologists say that such primitiveness is deceptive, and work with cards is multi-layered and gives a wonderful healing, therapeutic effect in a short time.

Metaphorical cards in psychology

Metaphorical cards in the work of a psychologist are a powerful and effective tool that allows you to explore the associations and images of the human subconscious. Known fact that the subconscious mind resists being manifested, and such projective technique how MAC helps to bypass this resistance and reveal the subjective causes of ineffective patterns of behavior and response.

The purpose of working with metaphorical cards

Psychosomatics and metaphorical maps as a diagnostic method have long been used in the work of psychologists to identify a problem that served as an impetus for the development of an existing condition, an illness. Any field of psychology, whether family, individual or group, can use associative maps as a serious helping tool. Goals of working with MAC:

bypassing rational thinking;
implementation of the dialogue "internal - external";
reconstruction of past events that led to the emergence of neurosis, psychotrauma;
clarification of actual experiences and needs;
completion of "unfinished" events that take energy;
modeling the time line from the past to the future.

Metaphorical cards - types

Such different metaphorical cards - the meaning of each deck depends on the subject. There are more narrowly focused, and there are universal ones. But they are all very resourceful. The most popular among MAK psychologists:

« Persona» - a set of cards with people's faces reflecting different emotions and states;
« Tandu / Tandu"- associative cards for working out relationships in a couple;
« Ecco / Ecco» - disclosure of creative potential;
« Cope / Cope» - work with mental trauma;
« Saga / Saga» -development of imagination and creativity;
« Morena / Morena» helps to see the resource;
« She"- female, very resource deck;
« Windows and doors» - work with states, search for resources, new solutions;
« From the chest of the past»- study of childhood traumas, neuroses, attitudes.

How to choose metaphorical cards for yourself?

The best metaphorical cards are those that suit the goals, preferences and tastes of the person. The connection with the deck is formed intuitively, for some it is enough to take one look at the deck to feel the connection with the images that are imprinted in it. Trust your feelings, hold in your hands. In the psychologist's office, the principle of choosing a deck is exactly the same: let the eye “grab” the deck that will respond if there are several of them (usually this is the case). Many existing MAC decks are multidimensional and allow you to work out different areas life.

Metaphorical cards - how to work?

Working with metaphorical cards begins with the existing request of the client, what he comes to the psychologist with. IN independent work the principle of having a problem and a related request also applies. Metaphorical exercise cards and methods in each particular deck may differ, but in general, there are two strategies for working with metaphorical cards:

open. In front of the person, the deck lies face up. The psychologist asks a question and the client selects cards for his condition, how he feels. The technique is considered safe, completely controlled, which inspires confidence and relaxation, anxiety is reduced.
Closed, or in another way it can be called - fortune telling, this is a method of choosing cards blindly, as in traditional predictions, for example, in Tarot. This technique of choosing random cards involves deeper work and is perceived intuitively by a person as a message from above, a “finger of fate”, which makes the technique more attractive, intriguing, can increase anxiety, therefore it is used by a psychotherapist after working in an open technique.

Techniques with metaphorical cards

Divination on metaphorical cards can be done using the following techniques:

Change of point of view(M. Egetmeyer). 2 cards are drawn blindly. One symbolizes the problem, the second symbolizes the solution. A person briefly tells how he sees it - a problem-solution through the images coming from the card. Then the cards are renamed: the one that was the problem becomes the solution and vice versa. To move from one state to another, you can draw another card from another deck.
Drawing. Pull a card from the pile and place it on clean slate, as it is felt from the state. The task is to finish the picture, continuing it on the sheet. Describe what happened.
Analysis existing relationships . Blindly draw out 5 cards, for each of which there is a question, and the cards will be the answers to these questions:

“What stopped working in this relationship?”;
"My responsibility in this relationship?";
"Partner's responsibility?";
"What works in a relationship?";
“What needs to happen for a relationship to change?”

Metaphorical mind maps - learning

Metaphorical cards are best taught by certified specialists or the authors of those decks that you would like to use in your work. There are many courses on metaphorical cards and you can take them remotely online if it is not possible to attend the training in person. Various courses on art therapy that are popular today include a section on working with MAC. But the most effective training is practice, gaining experience in working with cards and reading professional literature, exchanging experience on forums dedicated to working with associative decks.

Metaphorical cards - books

Association cards are projective techniques that are considered very effective tool psychologist. Each specialist has his favorite decks, not everyone has manuals, because metaphorical associative cards are more an intuitive tool. In general, in working with maps there are standard general rules. Some popular decks are so loved by psychologists, and all the experience gained is reflected in the following books:

« metaphorical cards» G. Katz, E. Mukhamatulina. The use of mind maps in consulting, business coaching, individual work with children and adults. Overview of different decks.
« Associative cards in working with a difficult case» N. Dmitrieva, N. Buravtseva. This guide will be useful in working with deviant adolescents, in the treatment of crisis conditions. The book is interesting for students and already practicing specialists.
« Metaphorical associative cards in family counseling» S. Tolstaya. The guide describes effective techniques and methods of working with different decks, aspects of working in the following family systems are shown: marital, parent-child and sibling.
« 50 MAC techniques for all occasions» T. Demeshko. Useful material presented in the book considers aspects of working with health, career, sphere family relations, Finance.
« From everyone's life» Metaphorical cards in group work. T. Pavlenko. Guidance abounds different techniques work with decks and touches on the topic of eating disorders of behavior - how you can work with this through the MAK.

Scientific research on the topic of metaphorical associative maps

Metaphorical associative cards - many dissertations have been written on this topic, many author's techniques and decks have been developed. The study confirmed that human subconscious"thinks" in symbols and images, this is the easiest language for expressing outwardly what is in, but the result is always impressive. What cannot be said and expressed directly during a regular consultation is more easily achieved when working with mind maps - this is a huge therapeutic effect.

Projective maps are rapidly gaining popularity both among psychologists, for whom maps are a working tool, and among ordinary people, for whom maps help to better understand themselves, to learn something new and interesting. Projective maps, also called metaphorical, associational and psychotherapeutic maps, appeared as independent genre in 1975, the first deck was called “OH” and contributed to this by Eli Roman, a professor of art history, he wanted to bring art closer to people, make it more accessible and understandable. In 1983, Eli Roman met Moritz Egetmeyer, who believed that with the help of “OH” cards one could encourage a person to sincerely talk about himself and his problems. Created in collaboration between an artist and a psychotherapist, the cards have become a new tool for art therapy.

Projective maps as an art therapy tool used by psychologists in individual, family and group work with clients of any level of education, without restrictions on national and religious grounds, are used for projective psychodiagnostics, counseling and psychocorrection.

The pictures depict landscapes, people, animals, life situations, objects, sometimes abstract paintings or collages.

Cards can contain only an image or an image with a picture - a word or a phrase. Projective cards are created by a psychologist in accordance with one or another idea that he develops, and this lays the structural basis of the deck. The psychologist then finds an artist or photographer who can create illustrations for each card they have in mind.

There are three major scientific institutes in the world that develop methods for working with projective maps and publish materials about them. The first is the German "ON-Institute" under the direction of Moritz Egetmeier, created on the basis of the "ON" publishing house. The second is the Israeli Nord Institute under the direction of Doctor of Psychology Ofra Ayalon. At present, most of the projective cards existing in the world are developed in Israel (more than sixty decks). Usually Israeli decks are highly specialized: “Duet” by Itzik Shmulevich is designed to work with couples, “Anibi” is for working with children and with the inner child, “ Key person” Tamar Ston and “In the Rhythm of the Heart” by Iris Barkoz - for children with ADHD, “Picture, Word and Question” by Efrat Shani and Yaron Golan - for coaching.

And the third is the Ukrainian Institute of Projective Maps under the leadership of Eva Morozovskaya, psychologist, psychotherapist.

Projective maps create an environment conducive to truly deep communication between people, their self-expression, disclosure and reflection. In addition, their advantages include:

Feelings of trust and security that arise in the client, who himself chooses how deeply he is ready to open up at the moment;

Creating a common context for the psychologist and the client, a common metaphorical language when discussing a particular situation from the client's life;

The ability to solve problems at a symbolic level, the ability to attract unconscious resources of the psyche;

Development creativity;

Flexible rules of use, the ability to develop new authoring techniques and adapt existing techniques to the requirements of the current situation;

The attractiveness of the technique for the client: people of any age like bright color pictures and evoke pleasant emotions.

There are many forms of work and techniques for using projective maps, the psychologist chooses one or another depending on the goals. The common point of all techniques is that the psychologist raises questions related to a topic that is relevant to the client, and the client looks for answers to these questions in an image that accidentally fell out of the deck or was purposefully chosen by him. In the case when the card contains an inscription, the image is interpreted first, then the words.

The cards stimulate the interaction of the work of both hemispheres of the brain (the image refers to the right hemisphere of the brain, which produces associations based on visual-sensory representations, while the inscription appeals to the left hemisphere, which works with the semantic design of the representation), which leads to the emergence of new ways of thinking about the old situation and emergence of insights. In working with projective maps, a person experiences insight, a feeling of insight and finds answers to his questions.

There are two ways to choose a card: “blind” - the cards are face down, and “open” - the cards are face up. A number of techniques combine these methods, offering to first make an open choice - this is a person’s “conscious” opinion about his problem, and then pull out a few more cards blindly and then give free rein to the unconscious. There is no right or wrong way to choose cards, the difference is that when choosing cards in the open, a person feels more secure.

To get answers to exciting questions, you need to consider the map:

If the picture shows a person - who is he? What is he thinking about? In what period of life do we observe it? What is his character? What is his mood? If this person is your inner part, what is it? What does this part of your personality want to convey to you? What is her point of view on the problem?
If the picture shows the interaction of people - which of these people are you? Who are the other people pictured? What's happening? What will be the development of events?
If the picture shows a landscape, where is this place located? Through whose eyes do we see this landscape? What brought this person there? Where is he aiming? What is driving him? What happens outside the visible in the picture?
If there are various objects in the picture, what are they for? How could you apply them in the context of the chosen topic? Where in your life is there a place for such things?
Why did you get this card? What does she want to tell you about your life? What lesson should you learn?

The next exercise with the dropped card will be “zooming”. It consists of two parts: enlargement and detailing. Enlargement is the idea that your map is only the visible part of some bigger picture. What's left behind the scenes? Who is behind the scenes? You can always put the card you got on a sheet of paper and draw a whole picture around it, and then remove the card and sketch the part of the sheet previously occupied by it. Detailing is, on the contrary, a deepening into details, into trifles, a search in the image for a significant part, at first glance small and imperceptible. This can be a concentration on any part of the image, or taking into account some form, line, color.

If there are words on the card, they can be associated with the topic in several ways: either directly (for example, when the word “conflict” appears when studying the topic of divorce, the connection is seen as direct and literal), or indirectly (for example, when a card appears when studying the same topic). with the word “prosperity”, there are interpretations both according to the type “the reason for the divorce is the lack of prosperity in the family”, and according to the type “it’s enough for me”), or according to the antonym (for example, the card “community”, “communication”, “proximity ” - this is exactly what partners in a disintegrating marriage lack, these are unmet needs, and the lack of this in a marriage may just indicate the reasons that led to a divorce situation).

It is the same with pictures: they can reflect what is present in the situation under study in an explicit form; be associated with it implicitly, indirectly; portray what is missing in the situation.

The traditional scheme of psychological counseling using projective cards:

Stage 1. Acquaintance with the client using the card. Having laid out the cards with the image up, the psychologist takes a card with which he considers it appropriate to introduce himself to the client, emphasizing one or another of his features. The psychologist then asks the client to also introduce themselves using the card.

Stage 2."What is the problem?" The client openly chooses 1-3 cards that would describe the problem situation as he sees it, and comments on his choice.

Stage 3.“What do you want to achieve?” Please choose 1-3 cards to show the desired outcome problem situation, and then lay out a "bridge" of several cards from the group of cards depicting the problem to the cards depicting the desired outcome.

Stage 4.“What else can be done about this?” We ask the client to draw 3-5 cards blindly, which symbolize additional opportunities on the way to solving his problem.

Stage 5 After understanding all the cards, we ask you to draw two more cards - they will show resources that will help you cope with obstacles. To consolidate a positive attitude and increase motivation, “joining the future”, we ask you to pull out another card - perhaps from the portrait decks “Family Album”, “Mibi”, “Persona” - it will convey the mood, the facial expression that client after the successful resolution of his difficult situation.

Additional rules related to the use of projective maps.

The person who drew it has the exclusive right to interpret the card. Cards do not have a fixed “correct” meaning, which implies various interpretations the same card by different people, in different contexts, at different times and in different moods.

Non-intervention rule: if a person, for personal reasons, does not want to talk about his cards, he can put them aside and refuse to interpret. He may not show the drawn cards to anyone.

If the instruction is to draw one card and the contestant wishes to draw two or even more, this is acceptable. In the discussion, listen to which aspects of the cards following the first were especially important to the participant.

Metaphorical, they are also associative, they are also therapeutic, they are also projective. All these names are used interchangeably, although the term “metaphorical” is more commonly used, because the main psychological essence working with them is working with a visual metaphor.

Metaphor is the figurative use of a word, the formation of such a meaning. Associative - established by association (connections between individual events, facts, objects or phenomena reflected in consciousness and fixed in memory). Projective - characteristic of projection (the image of spatial figures on a plane), characteristic of it.

Cards are a psychological mirror that reflects the state and problems of the people with whom the psychologist works, it is always an invitation to a story - about fictional events or real ones, it doesn’t matter. It is important that this is a story about a Man. You just need to learn to hear this story. Metaphorical maps are by no means a new type of therapy, not its separate direction, such as, for example, psychoanalysis, cognitive-behavioral, etc., it is just a tool that can be used by any specialist, no matter what school he belongs to.

Bibliography. Katz, G. Metaphorical cards: a guide for a psychologist / G. Katz, E. Mukhamatulina.-M .: Genesis, 2014.

Kirschke, V. Strawberries outside the window. Associative cards for communication and creativity / V. Kirschke.-OH Verlag, 2010

Morozovskaya, E. Projective maps in the work of a psychologist.- Odessa: Institute of Projective Maps, 2012

Some of the most popular cards in the work of a psychotherapist are:

The set includes two decks of cards: the 1st consists of cards with the image of faces various people, the 2nd deck reflects the possible patterns of interactions within any human system. Maps help to identify intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts client and find for them optimal solutions. Maps depicting people can be used as "virtual" substitutes for individual work in Gestalt therapy, when using systemic family therapy (B. Hellinger) or in working with subpersonalities within other approaches. Interaction diagrams help to see the real relationship of the client within his system.

A set of cards depicting heroes, magical objects and plots of various fairy tales. Cards help to immerse yourself in the world of fantasy, to gain access to the unlimited possibilities of our imagination. The cards are designed for both children and adults. They can be used in the joint game of children and parents, teachers and students.

A set of cards depicting in symbolic form traumatic and stressful situations and ways to solve them. Referring to a traumatic situation through a metaphor avoids additional retraumatization and creates a safe context for finding and modeling a solution. The cards start the internal processes of self-healing and the search for your own unique way out of the crisis.

Metaphorical associative cards are a set of pictures the size of playing card or a postcard depicting people, their interactions, life situations, landscapes, animals, household items, abstract paintings. Some sets of cards combine a picture with an inscription, others include separate cards with pictures and cards with words. The combination of words and pictures creates a play of meanings, enriched with new facets when placed in a particular context, studying one or another topic that is relevant to a person at the present time.

Initially, this is a projective technique: what is important is not the meaning originally laid down by the researchers, but the emotional response of each individual to the picture that came across to him. In the same picture different people they will see completely different phenomena, in response to a stimulus they will endure every inner content of their actual experiences. Moreover, in different periods life and context different topics associations and interpretation of what is happening in the picture every time will be different even for the same person. From this point of view, the deck of associative cards is inexhaustible: the number of combinations of work topics and pictures is endless.

To work with the family system, portrait decks of cards are usually used, for example, “Persona”. A deck is a set of faces of people of any age, from babies to very old people. You will meet any facial expressions in the deck: undisguised happiness, and sadness, and fear, and tension, and distrust, and fatigue, and the search for contact, and hope, and bright joy. With the help of these portraits, we can consider any relationship, choosing cards for the role of deputy participants in the relationship. When a psychologist's client selects a card to represent himself or another participant in the relationship being worked on, the psychologist asks him what similarity this choice was made on the basis of. Facial expression? A message being broadcast to the world? External similarity, clothing style, accessories, attributes? On initial stage working with associative maps, you will be surprised how often people choose as their deputy a person of a different sex, a completely inappropriate age, sometimes a different skin color - where it would be impossible for the observer to understand what this choice is based on. Here it is appropriate to be curious and find out what traits of the selected person are important for the client, and what he wants to tell us about himself by choosing this card.

How do metaphorical cards serve mutual understanding between people? First of all, cards help build a bridge from person to person in cases where people find it difficult to talk to each other on some sensitive topic. Cards help express thoughts, formulate them and concretize the message that needs to be conveyed. In addition to facilitating the verbal expression of emotions, the card, as an intermediary between emotional worlds two people, itself carries a certain emotional charge, and can be perceived as a message even without verbal accompaniment. Sometimes you can just show the interlocutor three portraits and say: “I feel like this, like on the first card, but I want to feel like this, like on the second, but I don’t have enough for this what is on the third map” - and the interlocutor will understand you without further ado.

Thus, in addition to using the metaphorical associative cards "Persona" as a psychotherapeutic tool in professional psychological practice, we can use them in our family and personal relationships to communicate with family members and loved ones on acute, possibly painful, deeply personal topics. The mediation of the card creates an additional atmosphere of security and friendly attention and facilitates the discussion of risky and difficult topics in families. Metaphorical associative cards develop the ability to communicate with others, understand them, find positive traits in each person and the common thing that unites you with others.

A couple of months ago, while playing a creative game, I was introduced to metaphorical cards for the first time. The experience of working with this mental tool gave me vivid emotions and opened up two new amazing worlds for me.

The first is the world of pictures of the amazing Turkish artist Gurbuz Dogan Eksioglu, whose plots attract and awaken the deepest layers in the human soul. The master is the owner of more than 60 awards, including international ones. His works are often published on their pages. The New Yorker and Forbes.

The second is the world of artistic intricate images. "Reading" metaphorical cards is an exciting and addictive game, a kind of puzzle. You know, it's one thing to think intelligently about what the artist wanted to say with his painting, and quite another to open the code of intricate images in order to get an answer to your specific question.

Well, shall we play?

Make a wish or formulate a question, the answer to which you want to receive. Now choose any number from 1 to 9.
You will find pictures with numbers below, after the text, but for now I’m telling you what the point is.

Before you take a look at the metaphorical map that you got, I want to warn you against the desire to find a clue in its name, since it reflects the author's view of the artist on the world. true meaning messages can only be read through one's perception of reality.

How to decipher secret meaning metaphorical map?

Abstract from the plot of the picture and answer three simple questions.

1. What do I see?

Decompose the picture into separate objects and parts. You can write them down on paper. Be attentive to the smallest details. Describe the shape, size, color of the object and how it is placed in space.

2. What do you think about it?

In the second step, try to match how true purpose these items in real world may be related to your past, present and future, or related to an issue that interests you.

3. What do you feel?

Now turn off the logic and give free rein to the feelings. Listen to yourself. Check out the whole picture. What sensations do you experience inside yourself, how your body responds. What is this? Joy, a smile on your face, or, on the contrary, do the plot and colors of the drawing depress you? Describe all your associations and feelings on paper.

Engage your right creative brain. Remember how in childhood, drawing unpretentious plots with pencils or paints on paper, you came up with for your heroes amazing stories. What are they. Where live. Where did they come from or where are they going. What they like or dislike, what they want. What they are doing now and what they plan to do later. Come up with! Let your imagination run wild, because everything you say about these fictional characters connected in one way or another with what lies deep within you. And most importantly, you are the author and have the right to write your story exactly the way you want to see it in the final.

To fix the algorithm - a little practice.

As an example, I will give an illustration of Gurbuz Eksioglu "Broken Stairs".

Do you think it's about hope or hopelessness?

1. What do I see?
Human. Stairs. Wall. Clear sky.

2. What do you think about it?

Human inquisitive, and his interests go beyond what is permitted. He wants to see the world with his own eyes. Most likely, this is a brave traveler, because he is ready to go towards the unknown even alone. Judging by the clothes, this is an employee who walks the usual route from home to work and back almost daily. And now he has made a decision - to abandon the usual measured rhythm of life for the sake of freedom, which he dreamed of for so long. He's almost there. He's a little scared natural state a man standing on the threshold of the new and the unknown. The hero is in no hurry to grab the stairs, but prudently tries to assess the situation, being in familiar territory.

What do you think of this hero?

Stairs.

Try to find an allegory for them - what is it?
Opportunity get out and be free? How will this person manage them - will he continue to stand, trying to see at least something out of the corner of his eye, or will he still use one of the stairs more efficiently? What do you think of it?

Another interesting point- Where are the stairs from, and whose are they? The answer to these questions opens up a second subtext -experience . Stairs may well belong to those who, like the hero of the picture, have gone their own way. AND…

Broke free in new life? Or returned back, not daring to go beyond the usual? Fate always gives a person the right to choose. What would you do in such a situation?

3. What do you feel?

What prospects do you see?

In my opinion, they are clear and cloudless like the sky. The wall is the only obstacle on the way, and in order to overcome it, it remains to make only small efforts.

Now it's time to look at your metaphorical map and let your thoughts and feelings go free. So, your question and your card number?