Historical figures in the story The Captain's Daughter. Heroes historical and fictional in the story A

In The Captain's Daughter, A.S. Pushkin depicts the peasant uprising of the 70s XVIII century under the leadership of Pugachev. IN fictional narrative he shows real heroes for the era, which he brings to the fore.

The main historical character of the work was Emelyan Pugachev. A fugitive Don Cossack pretends to be a deceased sovereign Peter III. Pushkin is ambivalent about the personality of the leader of the rebels, revealing the image of an impostor with advantages and disadvantages.

Errors and delusions are inherent in him, but people from different corners Russia, which testifies to the trust and respect for the “good tsar” ..

Pugachev is shown as a courageous and talented military leader, endowed with an extraordinary mind, able to soberly assess his comrades-in-arms. Justice, decisiveness, fearlessness, love of freedom are inherent in his character. A rebel remembers kindness, knows how to be grateful, has a sense of humor and is able to find a way out of the most difficult situation. At the same time, he is illiterate, self-confident, vain, prone to boasting and adventurism. In addition, he is extremely cruel to captured officers and members of their families. Pugachev does not divide government officials into good and bad, for him they are all enemies.

Character traits of the national leader can be traced through his actions.

The author contrasts the impostor with the legitimate empress Catherine II, generals and tsarist officials, and his comrades-in-arms in the struggle. Peasant revolt is doomed objective reasons, this is understood by the adventurer who led it. But he is sure: it is better to drink “living blood” for a short time than to eat carrion all your life ... Pushkin expresses in the story and own opinion: "God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless."

Thus, the author showed the image of Pugachev in the light of the concept national character to reveal more deeply the moral side of the work. The figure of the leader of the uprising is closely connected with the image of the Russian people. Showing the rebelliousness and love of freedom of men, the author intertwines them with the qualities formed by slavery - humility and obedience.

Thanks to realism, Pushkin showed the greatness and historical mission of the people, along with the tragedy of the contradictory life in the feudal autocratic empire.

Updated: 2017-02-01

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Option 1.Level 1

1. Genre of the work " Captain's daughter». A. Roman B. Historical chronicle B. Historical tale

2. In what century does the story "The Captain's Daughter" take place?

A. In the 17th century B. In the 18th century C. In the 16th century D. In the early 19th century

3. Mark the points mentioned in the story "The Captain's Daughter".

A. St. Petersburg B. Tatishchevaya fortress C. Kazan G. Belogorsk fortress D. Orenburg E. Simbirsk

4. The name of which king did Emelyan Pugachev appropriate for himself? A. Peter I B. Peter III V. Pavel I G. Ivan IV

5. The work "The Captain's Daughter" is written in the form.

6. Match the names and patronymics so that you get the right combinations for the characters

works: Vasilisa Andreevich

Maria Kuzmich

Ivan Egorovna

Peter Ivanovna

Alexey Ivanovich

7. Name climaxes story. A. Grinev's childhood B. Buran V. The execution of Captain Mironov and the rescue of Grinev D. Conversations between Grinev and Savelich D. The meeting of Masha and the Empress

8. Which of the heroes of the work amazes the reader with mysterious strength, sharpness, strategy of struggle and courage. A. Captain Mironov B. Pugachev V. Grinev

9. The images of Grinev and Shvabrin are introduced into the narrative according to the principle:

A. Antitheses B. Comparisons C. Complements

10. “Short stature, with a swarthy face and remarkably ugly, but extremely lively” is a portrait: A. Zurina B. Pugacheva V. Shvabrina

11. Which chapter is preceded by an epigraph: “At that time, the lion was full, even though he was ferocious from his birth. “Why did you deign to come to my den?” he asked affectionately.

A. "Court" B. "Arrest" C. "Attack" D. "Uninvited guest" E. "Rebellious settlement"

12. Note how the epigraphs and the content of the chapters in the story correlate. A. The epigraph precedes the appearance of the hero. B. The epigraph reveals the content of the chapter. C. The epigraph serves to reveal the character of the hero and his fate.

Level 2 1. What is the main problem of the story "The Captain's Daughter". A. The problem of love B. The problem of honor, duty, mercy C. The problem of the role of the people in the development of society D. The problem of comparing tribal and service nobility.

2. Correlate the qualities of Pugachev's personality with the episodes in which they appear.

2) Mercy B) Snowstorm

3) A feeling of gratitude C) The scene of Pugachev's trial of the prisoners

4) Courage, courage D) The release of Masha Mironova

5) Naivety, weakness for flattery D) Tale of an old Kalmyk woman

6) Love of freedom E) Capture of the Belogorsk fortress

7) Cruelty G) The scene of Grinev's conversation with Pugachev in the rebellious settlement

3. Mark the storyline in which the theme of mercy can be traced.

A. Ekaterina – Masha Mironova B. Shvabrin – Grinev V. Pugachev – Grinev

4. He plays a special role in revealing the image of Pugachev. A. Information received by Captain Mironov about the rebel B. Folklore (songs, fairy tales, proverbs and sayings) C. Scene at the military council

5. The tale told by Pugachev to Grinev is : A. Tragedy B. Allegory C. Satire

6. How is Savelich shown in the work? A. Downtrodden, mute serfs B. Obedient, slavishly devoted to their masters C. Selfish, endowed with feeling dignity

G. Loving, caring assistant and adviser.

7. Mark the correct judgment about the role of insert elements. A. They help to reveal the characters of the characters

B. They predetermine the fate of the characters C. They add interest to the plot D. They stylize the story as a document of the 18th century.

8. A.S. Pushkin, in parallel with the story "The Captain's Daughter", wrote the study "History of the Pugachev Rebellion", where he outlined Pugachev's atrocities in some detail.Explain why there are no such descriptions.

Test by "The Captain's Daughter"

Option 2.Level 1 .

1. Mark the correct judgment. A. "The Captain's Daughter" - historical tale B. "The Captain's Daughter" - memoirs C. "The Captain's Daughter" - a historical story, stylized by the author as a memoir

2. Mark in what period the action of the story "The Captain's Daughter" takes place? A. Early 18th century B. Mid 18th century C. Mid 19th century D. Late 18th century

3. What is the epigraph to the work "The Captain's Daughter". A. “We shot” B. “Take care of your honor from a young age” C. “An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar”

4. Mark the main scene in the story "The Captain's Daughter".

A. St. Petersburg B. Berdskaya Sloboda C Belogorsk fortress D. Simbirsk province

D. Orenburg province

5. Note on whose behalf the narration is being conducted.

6. Mark the historical persons mentioned in the story. A.Pugachev B.Count Munnich

V. Prince Golitsyn D. Catherine I G. Grigory Orlov E. Catherine II

7.Mark military rank Peter Grinev. A. Cornet B. Lieutenant V. Ensign G. Sergeant

8. In the work closest to the people in its own way social position, cultural level, views on life, on people.

A. Petr Grinev's family B. Captain Mironov's family V. Shvabrin

9. Indicate the title of the chapter in which Peter Grinev meets Pugachev. A) "Sergeant of the Guard" B) "Uninvited Guest" C) "Pugachevshchina" D) "Counselor"

10. Who owns the statement “God forbid to see a Russian rebellion,senseless and merciless..."? A) The author B) Catherine II C) Savelich D) Peter Grinev

11. Whose portrait is this? “She was in a white morning dress, a night cap and a shower jacket. She seemed to be forty years old. Her face, full and ruddy, expressed importance and calmness, and Blue eyes and a slight smile had an inexplicable charm" A.Masha Mironova B.Vasilisa Egorovna V.Catherine II

12 . “His face had an expression rather pleasant, but roguish. Hair cut in circle" - this is the portrait: A. Grineva B. Pugacheva V. Shvabrina

Level 2 1. Name the wrong judgment Masha Mironova - this is A. Beloved Peter Grinev B The only female character works. V. Daughter of a deceased Russian officer.

2. Correlate the motives of behavior with the characters in their relationship with Pugachev

A. Grinev B. Shvabrin

1) cowardice, 2) fear, 3) honesty, 4) deceit, 5) contempt, 6) respect, 7) honor

3. Mark the storyline in which the theme of honor and dignity can be traced.

A. Pugachev - Grinev B. Grinev - Shvabrin V. Grinev - Savelich

4. Note the correct interpretation of the meaning of Captain Mironov's phrase: “Well, that's enough! Go, go home; Yes, if you have time, put a sundress on Masha.

A. Yes, if you have time, put on Masha at least a sundress. B. Yes, if you have time, put on Masha all the best. V. Yes, if you have time, dress Masha as a peasant woman.

5. Match the elements of the composition and the elements of the development of a love story.

A) intro

2) the release of Grinev, marriage to Masha

B) plot (the beginning of the main plot)

3) Petrusha's childhood in the family estate

B) climax

4) Grinev's acquaintance with main character novel

D) denouement

6. What features of the Russian national character are shown by A.S. Pushkin as Pugachev ? A. Mind, sharpness B. Laziness, inactivity C. Daring, breadth of nature D. Memory for kindness, gratitude

7. For what purpose is Petrusha's dream introduced into the novel? A. Characterizes Grinev B. Foreshadows the development of relations between the two characters C. Characterizes Pugachev G. Emphasizes Pugachev's bloodthirstiness.

8. Specify which genres of oral folk art uses in the novel A.S. Pushkin and why.

Right answers

Option 1.

Level 1

1. Correct answer: IN Score - 1 point

2 . Correct answer: B Score - 1 point

3. Correct answers: A, C, D, D, E Score - 1 point

4. Correct answer: B Score - 1 point

5. Correct answer: B Score - 1 point

6. Correct ratios: Score - 1 point

Vasilisa Egorovna

Maria Ivanovna

Ivan Ivanovich

Ivan Kuzmich

Ivan Ignatievich

Pyotr Andreevich

Alexey Ivanovich

7. Correct answers: B, C, D Score - 1 point

8. Correct answer: B Score - 1 point

9. Correct answer: A Score - 1 point

10. Correct answer: IN Score - 1 point

11. Correct answer: D Score - 1 point

12. Correct answer: B Score - 1 point

Level 2

1. Correct answer: B Score - 2 points

2. Correct ratios: Score - 3 points

1. B (for 6-7 correct combinations)

2. D Score - 2 points

3. A (for 4-5 correct combinations)

4. E Score - 1 point

5. F (for 2-3 correct combinations)

3. Correct answers: A, B Score - 2 points

4. Correct answer: B Score - 2 points 5. Correct answer: B Score - 2 points 6. Correct answer: G Score - 2 points 7. Correct answers: A, B Score - 2 points 8. It was important for Pushkin to reveal the character of Pugachev as an artistic image, which required a different approach to historical events. The correct answer to this question is estimated from 1 to 3 points.

Option 2.

Level 1 1. Correct answer: IN Score - 1 point 2 . Correct answer: G Score - 1 point 3. Correct answer: B Score - 1 point 4. Correct answer: IN Score - 1 point 5. Correct answer: B Score - 1 point 6. Correct answers: A, B, C, E Score - 1 point 7. Correct answer: IN Score - 1 point

8. Correct answer: B Score - 1 point

9. Correct answer: G Score - 1 point

10. Correct answer: G Score - 1 point

11. Correct answer: IN Score - 1 point

12. Correct answer: B Score - 1 point

Level 2

1. Correct answer: B Score - 1 point

2. Correct ratios: Score - 2 points

A: 3, 6, 7

B: 1, 2, 4, 5

3. Correct answers: A, B Score - 2 points

4. Correct answer: IN Score - 2 points

5. Correct ratios: Score - 4 points

1. B (1 point for each correct combination)

4. B 6. Correct answers: A, B, G Score - 2 points

7. Correct answer: B Score - 2 points 8. Genres of oral folk art used in the story of A.S. Pushkin: a fairy tale, songs, proverbs and sayings. The tale demonstrates Pugachev's mind, love of freedom, expresses author's position. The songs recreate the historical setting. Sayings and proverbs serve to speech characteristics characters. The correct answer to this question is estimated from 1 to 3 points.

Final assessment of work

Less than 15 points

The topic is not learned (" 2 »)

15 to 20 points

The topic has been satisfactorily 3 »)

21 to 26 points

The topic is well understood 4 »)

27 to 30 points

The topic is fully understood 5 »)

Maximum score - 30 points

The topic has been well received 5 »)

Lesson Objectives:

• give a historical assessment of the personalities of the XVIII century E. Pugachev and Catherine II;
• be able to analyze, compare, draw conclusions, evaluate their work.

The main thing: what human qualities endowed them with A.S. Pushkin.

educational goal: formation of children's interest in the history of Russia; universal values ​​affirmed by A.S. Pushkin: kindness, honor, nobility, fidelity to love, fortitude.

Equipment: projector slides, worksheets.

Teachers used the method of problem presentation using the technology of developmental education: interactive learning against the background of the integration of related subjects: literature and history; the use of music and painting as auxiliary elements in disclosure artistic image literary heroes. In the lesson, the principles of developmental education also work as advanced tasks, reflection - students' self-assessment of their work. Forms of work: group, pair, individual.

Lesson plan.

1. Pugachev's dialogue with Grinev. An excerpt from the chapter of the story “The Captain's Daughter” Rebellious Sloboda.
2. Introduction. Target setting of the teacher
3. a brief description of stories Russia XVIII century.
4. Evaluation by students - literary critics, art critics of the characteristics of E.I. Pugachev
5. Evaluation of the activities of Catherine II
6. Conclusion

During the classes

I. Introduction. Pugachev's dialogue with Grinev. Pugachev tells Grinev a Kalmyk fairy tale. (Alyosha and Zakhar.)

Literature teacher: The folly of the brave is the wisdom of life. Wisdom of life or rebellion of suffering? The brave eagle is given a short life, but he is eternally free and strong with his wisdom and independence. Today, in the lesson, each of us will try to skip through ourselves the epoch II half of XVIII century, when a peasant uprising took place under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. We will make the transition from historical fact to literary images.

The historical theme runs through the whole story of A.S. Pushkin, he was interested in the past, traveled a lot, delved into the archives, studied the “History of the Russian State” by Karamzin, Russian chronicles. “The history of the people belongs to the poet,” he wrote.

Target setting of the teacher. In the lesson we will work in 3 conditional groups.

Group I - literary critics, should discuss the images of Catherine II and Pugachev: what kind of people they are depicted; II group - historians, they give an impartial assessment of the activities of individuals; Group III - art critics: images of great people in painting, music.

A history teacher: So, 18th century. Majestic 18th century! Age of Catherine II. The era of the reign of Catherine II according to historical assessment. ( Annex 1Slides.)

student historian: Empress Catherine II reigned for 34 years.

What has Russia acquired in 34 years, which have been named whole era. Strengthening the state. Russian empire reached such influence and power that, according to the apt expression of a contemporary, "without her permission in Europe, not a single cannon dared to fire." The country's population has almost doubled (from 19 to 36 million). Never before have cities been built at such a pace in Russia. For three decades - 144 cities! The state treasury "heavier" four times. Russia produced pig iron and iron twice as much as England, the world economic leader of that time. Russia conquered the Kuban, Crimea, the entire Black Sea coast. Established in the Baltic Sea, on Far East, in Siberia and Alaska.

A history teacher: But, during the reign of Catherine II, an uprising of peasants took place under the leadership of E.I. Pugachev. Who will name the reasons for the uprising? And tell us about the Pugachev uprising.

Student: The peasant uprising was caused by a sharp deterioration in the situation of the general population. The size of corvée and dues, as well as state duties, increased. Peasants were sold by the whole villages.

Message from a student historian: Uprising E.I. Pugachev began in September 1773. at the Tolkachev farm. Pugachev's detachment of 80 people quickly grew at the expense of the Cossacks and soldiers of the garrisons of the Yaitskaya line. In the "manifestos" on behalf of Peter III, Pugachev favored the Cossacks with "rivers and seas, monetary salaries and all kinds of liberty." By 1774 the uprising covered a vast territory of the Lower Volga region, Orenburg region, Southern Urals, Prikamye. The factories of the Urals were engulfed in an uprising. Ordinary people were looking forward to Pugachev's passage. July-August 1774 Pugachev took possession of Saransk, Penza, Saratov and other cities. After the unsuccessful assault on Tsaritsyn, on August 24, Pugachev's army was defeated in a battle near the Salnikova gang. The Yaik Cossacks decided that further struggle was useless, and on September 8, 1774. Pugachev was captured and handed over to the authorities. In early September, A.V. Suvorov stood at the head of the troops operating against the Pugachevites. And in 1775 the uprising was crushed.

Literature teacher: Pushkin deeply and historically accurately revealed the causes, course and nature of the peasant uprisings that broke out in the Volga region and in the south of the Urals. The poet rightly sees the reason for the uprising in the serfdom, cruelty and autocracy of the rulers of the region and in the policy of the tsarist government towards the non-Russian peoples of the south of the Urals. Despite the spontaneous nature of the uprising, its social orientation was clear to each participant.

A history teacher: Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev. (Slide - Pugachev.) What is its place in history? (Historical reference.)

Historian student: Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev was a Cossack from the Don village of Zimoveyskaya. By the age of 30, this man had considerable experience behind him: participation in two wars (Seven Years and Russian-Turkish), an attempt to move from the Don to the Terek in search of freedom, several arrests and escapes from custody. During the Russian-Turkish war for bravery he was promoted to cornet (junior officer rank of Cossack). In 1772 appeared on Yaik and declared himself Emperor Peter III. In his manifestos, Emelyan Pugachev promised land, water, forests, and grasslands. Cossacks, workers of the Urals, peasants, Kalmyks, Bashkirs poured into Pugachev's army. The number of troops exceeded 20 thousand people. Pugachev sought to give his army a semblance of an organized structure. He established the "Military Collegium", surrounded himself with guards, assigned ranks and titles. Discipline was maintained in the army, military training was conducted. Those who distinguished themselves were awarded "medals" - rubles of Peter III. In the new manifestos, Pugachev ordered the "villains - the nobles" to "catch, execute and hang." In total, the Pugachevites executed about 3 thousand people.

Literature teacher: Noble writers and publicists saw in him “a monster who does not respect the laws, a swindler, a murderer.” He appears completely different in the story. He is vitally connected with the people, enjoys their support. It is he who determines the fate and actors(Grineva, Masha Mironov), all the storylines of the story are connected with him. A word to the art critics:

Student - literary critic: Pushkin writes: His appearance seemed wonderful to me: he was about forty, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered. His black beard showed gray, lively big eyes so they ran. His face had an expression rather pleasant, but roguish. Her hair was cut in a circle; he was wearing a tattered coat and Tatar trousers.

Art student: (According to the portrait of E.I. Pugachev.) Probably, the artist worked according to Pushkin's description, the portrait agrees with the literary imagination of the writer: only in the picture is Pugachev depicted at a difficult moment for him: he is shackled. The eyes are thoughtful, but there is no remorse in them. These are the eyes of a man who walks his own path with honor. He will be true to himself to the end!

Art student:(According to the painting “Urals Present”.) In Bunin's painting, Pugachev is depicted at the moment of a conversation with Grinev. He carefully listens to the interlocutor, there is a purely masculine conversation, concrete, honest: Pugachev invites Pyotr Grinev to join his army, but the young officer directly refuses. He said that he swore to the empress that he would not do this. Pugachev liked Grinev's honesty, openness, and he said: “Execute like this, execute like that, have mercy like that, let me go.”

Literature teacher: Undoubtedly, Pugachev is depicted in the story as a strong man, followed by the people, and this is how the masters of the brush saw him. To emphasize the proximity of Pugachev to the masses, revealing his image, Pushkin makes extensive use of folklore.

Student - literary critic: Pugachev’s speech is sprinkled with folk wisdom, when talking with the owner of the inn, he says such proverbs and sayings: “It will rain, there will be fungi”, “plug the ax behind your back: the forester walks”, - he spoke allegorically about future events when he was on the run, preparing an uprising. And in communication with Grinev, he uses the following: “Debt is red in payment”, “Execute in this way, execute, pardon so pardon”, “Serve me with faith and truth.” Pugachev's speech expresses a lively mind, ingenuity, and talent.

Literature teacher: Pugachev is generous, sympathetic: he saves Petrush's happiness.

Student - literary critic: Despite the fact that Masha Mironova is the daughter of the enemy, Pugachev gave the order to release her, he approved of Pyotr Grinev's decision to marry her, he says: “We will walk around your wedding!”. He allowed Grinev to leave the fortress with the captain's daughter. " It was last meeting with Pugachev…”

Literature teacher: Pugachev is illiterate, but smart and talented, possesses extraordinary abilities as a commander, during battles he leads the people.

Student - literary critic: He says about himself: “I fight anywhere! Do you know in Orenburg about the battle near Yuzeeva? Forty enarals were killed, four armies were taken in full.

Literature teacher: Pugachev is merciful and kind. Throughout the story, only once is the severe reprisal against the Mironovs and Ivan Ignatievich shown. However, “in war as in war is a merciless attitude towards your enemies. And how did the tsarist government deal with the rebel Pugachev?

Student historian: The verdict in the case of a state criminal who committed robbery atrocities under the name of Emperor Peter III

- Omelyan Pugacheva - to sentence to death penalty through cutting off the head...

Literature teacher: The image of Pugachev is deeply sympathetic to A.S. Pushkin: he endowed him with wonderful human qualities, and he appears before us in the living image of a truly Russian person, who cares with his heart and soul for the fate of his native people.

Now will sound musical composition. Whose musical image is this?

(Sounds G.Marinello - Orchestra Words.)

Art student: This is peace, beauty, this morning in the Tsarskoye Selo park, when Masha Mironova walks along the path of the garden in mental confusion.

Literature teacher: The landscape plays in the story significant role- a snowstorm, a counselor, an inn, a snow storm, as it were, symbolize popular unrest. It's also a tie storyline- this meeting played big role in the fate of the young nobleman Pyotr Grinev. And in the scene of Marya Ivanovna's meeting with Catherine II, the landscape is different, in sharp contrast to the first. There - "darkness and whirlwind", here - a beautiful morning. (Slide portrait of Catherine II.)

A history teacher: Catherine was simply smart, she had a flexible, cautious and quick-witted mind. She had one happy gift that produced the most strong impression: memory, observation, ingenuity, a sense of position, the ability to quickly grasp and summarize all available data in order to make a decision in time. In her appeal, she tried to shine with conversation, so as not to interfere with her interlocutor. On the other hand, she was amazed at the art of listening, long and patiently listening to anyone, no matter what anyone talked to her about. So, together with the knowledge of people, Catherine worked out for herself and the best remedy to acquire them is attention to a person, the ability to enter into his position and mood, to guess his needs, ulterior thoughts and unspoken desires.

Student - literary critic: In the story, we are confronted with the image of a sweet, calm lady whom Masha Mironova met in Tsarskoye Selo. “She was in a white morning dress, in a night cap and a shower jacket. She seemed about 40 years old. Her face was full and ruddy, expressing importance and calmness, and blue eyes and a slight smile had an inexplicable charm.

Dialogue. Catherine II with Masha Mironova.

Catherine II: You, right, are not from here? For some business?
Maria Ivanovna: Exactly, sir. I came to submit a request to the empress, to ask for mercy.
Catherine II: May I ask who you are?
Maria Ivanovna: I am the daughter of Captain Mironov.
Catherine II: Captain Mironov? The one who was the commandant in one of the Orenburg fortresses?
Maria Ivanovna: Exactly, sir.
Catherine II: Or maybe I can help you, I visit the court.
(Maria Ivanovna gives paper.)
Catherine II: Are you asking for Grinev? The Empress cannot forgive him. He is an immoral and mischievous rascal.
Maria Ivanovna: Oh, it's not true! It's not true, by God it's not true! I know everything, I'll tell you everything. He went to work for me alone, he is not a traitor! And if he did not justify himself before the court, then only because he did not want to implicate me. I swear on the name of my relatives: fathers and mothers, ruined by an impostor! (Maria Ivanovna stands with her head bowed) Catherine II comes out and comes in, hands over paper.
Catherine II: I'm glad I could help you. Your business is over. I am convinced of your fiancé's innocence. Here is a letter that you yourself will take the trouble to take to Grinev's father.
Maria Ivanovna: Thank you, I hope for your mercy.

Literature teacher: The benefactor queen ordered the release of Grinev, but she did this after making sure that he was not a Pugachevite. Releasing Masha, she said: “I know that you are not rich, but you are indebted to the daughter of Captain Mironov. I take it upon myself to arrange your condition.” And she didn't keep her promise. Finishing the story, Pushkin writes in his own name that the Grinevs' grandchildren own only the village that belonged to their grandfather and great-grandfather.

Slide with the image of Catherine II.

Art student: Her Majesty Catherine II is depicted in all her grandeur: a smart face, symbols of power in her hands, it is clear that she is a strong personality, a purposeful person.

Literature teacher: Compositionally, the lesson began with a conversation between Pugachev and Grinev. What's the point Kalmyk fairy tale? Who does the Eagle symbolize? And who is Raven?

On the slide - the coat of arms of Russia.

The symbolism of the story: freedom, independence, power, strength and power merge into one heraldic sign - the coat of arms of Russia.

A history teacher: Information for reflection: now an interactive project was carried out on the channel “Russia” - “The Name of Russia”. In the final there were 12 candidates for the "Name of Russia". Among eminent figures science, art, military affairs, politics came out and A.S. Pushkin and Catherine II.

Literature essays: Historical basis story by A. S. Pushkin The Captain's Daughter

The image of the popular movement in the story of A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" reflected the correct understanding of the spirit historical era, depth and maturity of the historical thinking of the writer.

Pushkin has long been attracted by the idea of ​​a work about Pugachev rebellion. True to historical accuracy, he studied printed sources about Pugachev, got acquainted with documents on the suppression of a peasant uprising. And in 1833, he even undertook a trip to the Volga and the Urals in order to see the places of terrible events with his own eyes, to hear live legends about Pugachevism (knowledge of Russia, its close and distant regions was part of his idea of ​​the duty of a writer). This trip gave irreplaceable living impressions, made it possible to meet with the participants in the peasant war of 1773-1775, to hear folk tales about the Pugachev rebellion.

He was the first of the writers and historians to see in Pugachev outstanding person from the people; sympathetically depicting simple, humble people in his novel, Pushkin reveals the role populace as the main driving force stories.

The historical basis of the story is real events peasant war; Pushkin described in detail the entire course of the uprising: the capture of fortresses, the siege of Orenburg. IN the art world stories are closely intertwined historical figures of that era - Pugachev, Khlopusha, Beloborodoe, Catherine II - and fictional characters- Grinev, Shvabrin, Masha Mironova. Because the image of each helps to see and understand the events of those years more vividly and richly.

"Pushkin ... wrote The Captain's Daughter, definitely the best Russian work in a narrative way ..., - wrote N.V. Gogol. - For the first time, truly Russian characters appeared: a simple commandant of the fortress, a captain, a lieutenant; the fortress itself with a single cannon, the stupidity of time and the simple ordinary people- everything is not only the most true, but even better, as it were. It is better because, for all historical accuracy, this story contains some features of a magical folk tale. Pictures of historical events are connected in it with episodes created by creative imagination author. Without these fictitious events and heroes, we could not, for example, so vividly imagine the figure of the Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev, "the organizer of one of the most grandiose uprisings of the peasants."

Before early XIX century, the name of Pugachev was banned, and those historical writings, stories and novels about Pugachev, which began to appear in the time of Pushkin, distorted the personality of the peasant leader; they wrote about him as a "villain", "murderer", "enemy of the fatherland". But only folk tales and legends kept the memory of him as people's protector. Therefore, Pushkin had to speculate a lot in Pugachev's behavior and character. But the artist's fantasy did not distort the historical truth. With the help of fiction, Pushkin truthfully conveyed the spirit and customs of Russian society. Catherine's era, boldly penetrated the characters, experiences and thoughts XVIII people century.

A. S. Pushkin is known not only for his poems, but also prose works. One of them is the story "The Captain's Daughter", written on a historical basis.

Before taking up his pen, Pushkin not only carefully studied the archives, collecting information of interest to him, but also visited the Kazan and Orenburg provinces, the places where the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev began, which grew into a peasant war. He personally examined the places of past battles, great attention devoted to questioning older people who remember the self-proclaimed sovereign Peter Fedorovich. Perhaps it is thanks to such a multifaceted and rich collected material The author managed to create a story that is distinguished by a high degree of realism.

In The Captain's Daughter, Pushkin depicts the events of the 1770s, namely, the peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev. He masterfully describes small steppe fortresses built "in places deemed convenient" to protect the region. He talks about the situation of the Yaik Cossacks, about the reasons for their dissatisfaction with the authorities and the brewing of a rebellion. In some detail, Pushkin examines the course of the uprising, the capture of individual fortresses and the siege of Orenburg, his attitude towards Pugachev common people and members of the nobility.

We are witnessing the activities of real people: the runaway corporal Beloborodov, the exiled criminal Afanasy Sokolov, nicknamed Khlopushy, Empress Catherine II.

However Special attention Pushkin devotes a portrait of Pugachev, a fugitive Don Cossack, who dared to take on the name of "the late Emperor Peter III" and gathered around him numerous rebels. He emphasizes that the leader made a strong "impression on the minds of ordinary people with his prowess, courage, intelligence, military prowess, demeanor."

Despite the fact that the story is closely intertwined fiction and historical truth, the reader is imbued with the fate of the main characters, their hopes and experiences.

I believe that Pushkin brilliantly succeeded in art form reflect the real events of the past and that his story will not leave anyone indifferent.

Test test help about "The Captain's Daughter"

1. Determine the genre of the work.
A. novel
B. historical story
B. family chronicle
G. legend

2. The story in "The Captain's Daughter" is conducted on behalf of
A. author
B. narrator
V. Masha Mironova
G. Petra Grineva

4. Pugachev in the story "The Captain's Daughter" is presented as
A. rebel, criminal
B. historical person- leader of a popular uprising
V. romantic hero
D. a simple person who is respected by the people

5. What is the main principle underlying the creation of the images of Grinev and Shvabrin?
A. matching
B. complementarity
B. antitheses
G. compositional parallel

6. Name artistic techniques, which Pushkin did not use to create the image of Pugachev.
A. author's assessment
B. portrait
B. attitude of other characters
G. epigraphs

7. What is the meaning of the title of the story? Masha Mironova -
A. the only female character in the story
B. ideological and art center story
V. beloved of Peter Grinev
G. daughter of a deceased Russian officer

8. Correlate the elements of the composition and the elements of the development of a love story.
A. exposition 1) scene of a duel with Shvabrin, letter from father
B. plot 2) the release of Grinev, marriage to Masha
C. culmination 3) Petrusha's childhood in the family estate
G. denouement 4) Grinev's acquaintance with the main character of the story

9. For what purpose is Petrusha's dream introduced into the story?
A. characterizes Grinev
B. portends further development relationship between two characters
V. characterizes Pugachev
G. emphasizes Pugachev's bloodthirstiness

10. Who owns the statement "God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless ..."?
A. to the author
B. Catherine II
V. Petrusha Grinev
G. Petr Andreevich Grinev - the author of memoirs

11. Match the pairs of heroes whose characteristics are based on the principle of antithesis.
Pugachev; Shvabrin; Savelich; Catherine II; Grinev; Orenburg generals.

12. What folklore genres uses A.S. Pushkin to create the image of Pugachev?
A. epic
B. riddles
V. fairy tales
G. songs
D. proverbs, sayings

13. What chapter is preceded by an epigraph: “At that time, the lion was full, even though he was ferocious from his birth. “Why did you deign to come to my den?” he asked kindly. A. Sumarokov?
A. "Court"
B. "Arrest"
B. "Attack"
G. "The Uninvited Guest"
D. "Rebellious Sloboda"

14. What is the main problem of the story "The Captain's Daughter"?
A. the problem of love
B. the problem of honor, duty and mercy
B. the problem of the role of the people in the development of society
G. the problem of comparing the tribal and service nobility

15. How is Savelich shown in the story?
A. downtrodden, voiceless serfs
B. an obedient, slavishly devoted person to his masters
IN. deep man endowed with self-esteem
G. a loving, caring assistant and adviser

16. About what historical events in question in a story?
A. peasant war led by E. Pugachev
B. revolt of the Yaik army
V. revolt of Ivan Bolotnikov
G. Prince Golitsyn's campaign against Orenburg

17. What symbolic images are used by A.S. Pushkin in the story "The Captain's Daughter"?
A. way, road,
B. grave
V. storm, snowstorm
G. eagle, raven
D. dagger
E. gallows

18. What features of the Russian national character are shown by A.S. Pushkin in the image of Pugachev?
A. intelligence, sharpness
B. laziness, inactivity
V. daring, breadth of nature
D. addiction to drunkenness
D. memory for good, gratitude

19. Whose portrait is this?
“She was in a white morning dress, a night cap and a shower jacket. She seemed to be forty years old. Her face, full and ruddy, expressed importance and calmness, and her blue eyes and a slight smile had an inexplicable charm ... "
A. Maria Mironova
B. Vasilisa Egorovna
B. Catherine II
G. Avdotya Vasilievna