The moral image of Luzhin and Svidrigailov 1 september. Luzhin and Svidrigailov in the novel by F.M.

It is considered quite difficult. In the center of the novel is the image of Rodion Raskolnikov and his theory. Other characters appear as the story progresses. Of particular importance in the work "Crime and Punishment" are Raskolnikov's doubles. Why does Dostoevsky introduce them into the plot? How are Raskolnikov and his counterparts similar? What is the difference? What are their ideas? What are the twins of Raskolnikov - Luzhin and Svidrigailov? More on this later in the article.

Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin - Raskolnikov's double

The author characterizes it rather negatively. Luzhin is rich and a brilliant businessman. He came to St. Petersburg to arrange his career. "Having made it into the people," Peter highly valued his own mind, his abilities, he was used to admiring himself and enjoying it. His main dream was to get married. Peter sought to do good to some girl, raising her up to himself. She certainly had to be educated and beautiful. He knew that in Petersburg one could "win a lot with women." His painful narcissism, all his dreams speak of a certain imbalance in character, of the presence of cynicism in him. With the help of money, "breaking out of nothingness", he remained low inside. Next, we find out what indicates that Luzhin and Raskolnikov are twins.

Theory of Petr Petrovich

Luzhin is presented as a businesslike person, who values money more than anything else, which is obtained by "all sorts of means and labor." He considers himself smart, working for the benefit of people, progressive and respects himself very much. Pyotr Petrovich has his own theory, which he develops with great pleasure in front of Rodion Raskolnikov. His idea" reasonable selfishness"involves love, first of all, for oneself, since everything that happens in the world is based, in his opinion, on his own interest. If all people act according to his theory, there will be much more successful citizens in society. Thus, a person, acquiring everything exclusively himself, works for the benefit of the whole society and in the name of economic progress. In life, Luzhin is guided by this theory. The dream of marrying Avdotya amuses his pride. In addition, this marriage can contribute to his further career. Raskolnikov, meanwhile, is against this marriage. But Petr Petrovich quickly finds a way to rectify the situation. In order to denigrate Rodion in front of his relatives and return the favor of Dunya, he puts a banknote on Sonya and accuses her of theft.

Why is Luzhin a double of Raskolnikov?

Analyzing the theory of Pyotr Petrovich, one can find many analogies with the idea of Rodion. Both in the first and in the second, the priority remains one's own, personal interest. Raskolnikov claims that "everything is allowed to the Napoleons." According to Petr Petrovich, Rodion's idea is also designed to save humanity from evil and is aimed at achieving progress in development. Only people who are capable of destroying the present for the good of the future can move the world and lead it to its goal.

Similarity of opinion is the cause of hatred

It should, meanwhile, be said that Raskolnikov did not like Luzhin's idea very much. Probably, on an intuitive level, Rodion felt similarities with his ideas and thoughts. He points out to Pyotr Petrovich that, according to his "Luzhin's" theory, it is allowed to "cut people." Apparently, the similarity in thoughts and vision of the situation in the world determines Rodion's unaccountable hatred for Pyotr Petrovich. As a result, a certain "vulgarity" of Raskolnikov's theory appears. Petr Petrovich offers its "economic" version, one that, in his opinion, is applicable in life and is aimed at achieving goals by material means, mainly. Thus, we can conclude that Luzhin is Raskolnikov's double in everyday life.

Another character with a similar theory

In the course of the story, another hero appears - Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov. This one is enough complex character with his whole being expresses a certain "non-uniformity". He is "not one-line anywhere", but in his image one can trace the philosophical context of the expression of Rodion's idea. Thanks to the actions of Svidrigailov (it was he who revealed the true state of affairs to Marfa Petrovna), the good name Raskolnikov's sisters. Arkady Ivanovich also provides assistance to the Marmeladov family, organizing the funeral of the deceased Katerina Ivanovna and placing orphaned young children in an orphanage. He also helps Sonya, supplying her with funds for a trip to Siberia.

Brief description of Arkady Ivanovich

This person is smart, insightful, he has his own special "subtlety". He has the ability to understand people very well. Thanks to this skill of his, he was immediately able to determine what Luzhin was. Arkady Ivanovich decides to prevent Pyotr Petrovich from marrying Avdotya. According to some authors, Svidrigailov potentially appears to be a man great strength and conscience. However, all these inclinations of his are ruined by Russian social foundations, a way of life. The hero does not have any ideals, there is no clear moral guideline. Among other things, Arkady Ivanovich naturally has a vice, which he not only cannot, but does not want to fight. Speech in this case is about his propensity for debauchery. The life of the hero proceeds in submission to his own passions.

What is the similarity between Rodion and Arkady Ivanovich?

Svidrigailov, when meeting with Raskolnikov, notes a certain "common point" between them, saying that they are "berries of the same field." Dostoevsky himself, to a certain extent, brings these characters closer, portraying them, developing one motive - childish innocence, purity. In the image of Raskolnikov there are features of a child - he has a "childish smile", and in his first dream he appears before himself as a seven-year-old boy. In Sonya, with whom Rodion is getting closer, traits of innocence and purity are also traced. She reminds Raskolnikov of a child. On the face of Lizaveta was also baby expression at the moment when Rodion attacked her. For Arkady Ivanovich, meanwhile, children are a reminder of the atrocities committed by him, coming to him in nightmares. It is this common motive, the very fact of his presence that allows us to say that Svidrigailov and Raskolnikov are twins.

Differences in the images of Arkady Ivanovich and Rodion

As the story progresses, the differences between the characters become more and more obvious. The crime that Raskolnikov committed was a kind of symbol of protest against the cruelty and injustice of the world around him, intolerance living conditions. The secondary motive is plight family and himself. In addition, he sought to test his theory. However, after the crime, Rodion is no longer able to live differently, as if he "cut himself off from everyone with scissors." Now he has nothing to talk about with those around him, and he is seized by a feeling of painful alienation from all people. Despite this, before and after the crime, ideals are preserved in the image of Raskolnikov - the concepts of evil and good are very significant for him. So, after the atrocity, he helps the Marmeladovs, gives the last 20 rubles to organize the funeral of Semyon Zakharovich. Nothing of the kind appears in the image of Svidrigailov. Arkady Ivanovich appears completely devastated and spiritually dead man. In it, unbelief and cynicism coexist with a subtle mind, self-sufficiency, life experience. He is so "dead" that even feelings for Dunya are not able to revive him.

Love for her awakened noble impulses and a manifestation of true humanity in Arkady Ivanovich only for a short moment. Svidrigailov is bored with life, he does not believe in anything, nothing occupies his heart and mind. Along with this, he indulges his desires: both bad and good. Arkady Ivanovich does not feel remorse for killing a very young girl. And only once her image appears to him in a nightmare - on the dying night. At the same time, the impression is created that this is his crime - not the only crime of the hero: there are many rumors and gossip about him. However, the character himself is very indifferent to them and, in fact, does not consider his actions to be something out of the ordinary.

The embodiment of Rodion's theory in the image of Arkady Ivanovich

Speaking about the fact that Svidrigailov is Raskolnikov's double, one should pay attention to their personal relationship. At first, it seems to Rodion that Arkady Ivanovich has some kind of power over him. Raskolnikov is drawn to Svidrigailov. But subsequently Rodion feels some kind of "heaviness", he becomes "stuffy" from this proximity. Gradually, Raskolnikov begins to believe that Svidrigailov is the most insignificant and empty villain on earth. Arkady Ivanovich, meanwhile, goes much further than Rodion along the path of evil. In this regard, even some symbolism of the name Arkady can be traced. It has Greek origin and literally translates as "shepherd". IN Orthodox culture this word was used in the meaning of "pastor" - a leader, mentor, teacher in spiritual life. In some way, Svidrigailov for Raskolnikov is such: in his unbelief and cynicism, he surpasses Rodion in many ways. Arkady Ivanovich constantly demonstrates his "masterful", to a certain extent "higher" mastery of Rodion's theory, practically embodying it.

The meaning of the characters in the work

Raskolnikov's twins are close to him in spirit, but have different purposes. Each of them embodies the theory of Rodion in its own way. With their own internal appearance, Raskolnikov's doubles in the novel discredit his ideas. The image of Pyotr Petrovich seems to be a primitive embodiment of the theory at the everyday level. Arkady Ivanovich is a deeper character. Svidrigailov's application of the "Raskolnikov" theory is distinguished by greater depth. He embodies it on a philosophical level. When you analyze the image and actions of Arkady Ivanovich, in some way the bottom of the abyss is exposed, where the "individualistic" idea of the protagonist leads.

Sonya Marmeladova

If the characters described above are Raskolnikov's spiritual twins, then this heroine is similar to Rodion solely in her "life situation". In any case, I thought so main character works. She, like the rest of the characters, was able to cross the line beyond which morality ends. Being an active and active person, Sofya Semyonovna tries to save her family from death. In her actions, she is primarily guided by faith, kindness, meekness. Sonya attracts Rodion, he begins to identify her with himself. However, like other doubles of Raskolnikov, Marmeladova soon becomes completely different from him. Rodion notices that he ceases to understand her, she even seems to him "holy fool" and strange. Subsequently, the differences between them become more pronounced.

"Atrocity" by Sonya Marmeladova

It should be said that her "crime" is different from the actions of Raskolnikov. Turning into a prostitute, saving children from starvation, she harms herself. While the rest of the heroes inflict it on others, ruining other people's lives. Rodion can freely choose between evil and good. Sonya is initially deprived of this choice. Her act is immoral, but justified in some way by a motive. Unlike other characters, Sonya's soul is filled with love, faith, mercy, she is "alive" and feels her unity with others.

Conclusion

On the pages of the work, a lot of personalities appear before the reader. All of them are more or less similar to the main character - Raskolnikov. Of course, this similarity is not accidental. Rodion's theory is so nightmarish that a simple description of his life was not enough. Otherwise, the depiction of his fate and the collapse of his ideas would be reduced to simple description crime story about a half-mad student. In his work, Dostoevsky tried to show that this theory is not so new and is quite feasible. Its development and refraction permeates human fates, people's lives. As a result, an understanding is born that it is necessary to fight against this evil. To counter immorality, everyone has their own means. At the same time, one should not forget that the fight against the enemy with the help of his own weapons becomes meaningless, since he returns again to the same path of immorality.

In F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment", the antithesis technique is widely used; a system of characters is built on it. Each of the characters surrounding Raskolnikov, to one degree or another, reveals a certain trait of the protagonist. Parallels are drawn between Raskolnikov and other characters, creating a kind of system of doubles. Raskolnikov's twins are, first of all, Luzhin and Svidrigailov. For them, "everything is permitted", although for different reasons.

Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov a nobleman, served two years in the cavalry, then lived in St. Petersburg. This is a "well-preserved man" of about fifty. The face is like a mask and strikes with something "terribly unpleasant." The look of Svidrigailov's bright blue eyes is "somehow too heavy and motionless." In the novel, he is the most mysterious figure: his past is not fully clarified, his intentions and actions are difficult to determine and unpredictable, non-standard for a scoundrel, for such a sinister character as he looks at first (for example, in a letter to Raskolnikov's mother). The image of Svidrigailov, placed next to the image of Raskolnikov, reveals one of the sides philosophical idea, which is as follows. Under the influence of certain circumstances, a moral feeling may disappear in a person, but the general moral law will not disappear from this. Svidrigailov put himself outside of morality, he has no pangs of conscience, and, unlike Raskolnikov, he does not understand that his actions and deeds are immoral. So, for example, rumors about Svidrigailov's involvement in several crimes are repeated in various interpretations; it is clear that they are not unfounded. The deaf-mute girl “cruelly offended” by him committed suicide, the footman Philip strangled himself. It is characteristic that Svidrigailov finds “some kind of common point” between himself and Raskolnikov, says to Raskolnikov: “We are the same field of berries.” Svidrigailov embodies one of the possibilities for implementing the ideas of the protagonist. Like a moral cynic, he - mirror reflection ideological cynic Raskolnikov. The permissiveness of Svidrigailov becomes scary in the end and Raskolnikov. Svidrigailov is also terrible to himself. He takes his own life.

Raskolnikov's double is Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin, a relative of Svidrigailov's wife. Luzhin has a very high opinion of himself. Vanity and narcissism are developed in him to the point of morbidity. There was something "really unpleasant and repulsive" in his face, "cautious and peevish." Home life value for Luzhin they represent money obtained by “all sorts of means”, since thanks to money he can equalize with people occupying a higher position in society. IN moral attitude he was guided by the theory of the "whole caftan". According to this theory, Christian morality leads to the fact that a person, fulfilling the commandment to love his neighbor, tears his caftan, shares it with his neighbor, and as a result, both people remain “half naked”. Luzhin's opinion is that one must love oneself first of all, "for everything in the world is based on personal interest." All Luzhin's actions are a direct consequence of his theory. According to Raskolnikov, it follows from Luzhin's theory that "people can be cut" for their own benefit. The image of Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin serves as a living example of what Raskolnikov could have come to, gradually implementing his principle of omnipotence and power, “Bonapartism”. The difference between Raskolnikov and Luzhin lies in the fact that Raskolnikov's views were formed as a result of solving humanistic problems, and the views of his double serve as an excuse for extreme selfishness, are based on calculation and benefit.

Such a technique as the creation of systems of twins is used by the author to reveal the image of Raskolnikov, a comprehensive analysis and debunking of his theory.

The novel "Crime and Punishment" was conceived by Dostoevsky while still in hard labor. Then it was called "Drunken", but gradually the idea of the novel was transformed into a "psychological account of one crime."

Dostoevsky in his novel depicts the collision of theory with the logic of life. According to the writer, living life process, that is, the logic of life, always refutes, makes untenable any theory - both the most advanced, revolutionary, and the most criminal. So, it is impossible to make life according to theory. And therefore, the main philosophical idea of the novel is revealed not in a system of logical proofs and refutations, but as a collision of a person obsessed with an extremely criminal theory, with life processes that refute this theory.

Raskolnikov is surrounded in the novel by characters who are, as it were, his "twins": in them, some side of the protagonist's personality is reduced, parodied or shaded. Due to this, the novel turns out to be not so much a trial of a crime as (and this is the main thing) a trial of the personality, character, psychology of a person, which reflected the features of Russian reality of the 60s of the last century: the search for truth, truth, heroic aspirations, "staggering" , "delusions".

Rodion Raskolnikov is associated with many people in the work. One of them is Luzhin and Svidrigailov, who are the "twins" of the main character, because they created theories similar to the theory of the "chosen ones" and "trembling creatures". "We are one field of berries," Svidrigailov says to Rodion, emphasizing their similarities.

In captivity of a false theory is Svidrigailov - one of the most complex images of Dostoevsky. He, like Raskolnikov, rejected public morality and wasted his life on entertainment. Svidrigailov, guilty of the death of several people, forced his conscience to be silent for a long time, and only a meeting with Dunya awakened some feelings in his soul. But repentance, unlike Raskolnikov, came to him too late. He even helped Sonya, his fiancee, the children of Katerina Ivanovna, in order to drown out remorse. But there is neither time nor strength to cope with himself and he puts a bullet in his forehead.

Svidrigailov - a man without conscience and honor - is like a warning to Raskolnikov if he does not obey the voice of his own conscience and wants to live with a crime in his soul that has not been redeemed by suffering. Svidrigailov is the most painful "double" for Raskolnikov, because it reveals the depths of the moral fall of a person who, due to the spiritual emptiness, has gone down the path of crimes. Svidrigailov is a kind of "black man" who all the time disturbs Raskolnikov, who convinces him that they are "of the same field", and therefore the hero fights especially desperately with him.

Svidrigailov is a wealthy landowner, leads an idle lifestyle. Svidrigailov destroyed the man and the citizen in himself. Hence his cynicism, with which he formulates the essence of Raskolnikov's idea, freeing himself from the confusion of Rodion, remaining to remain in boundless voluptuousness. But, having stumbled upon an obstacle, commits suicide. Death for him is liberation from all obstacles, from "questions of man and citizen." This is the result of the idea that Raskolnikov wanted to make sure of.

Another "double" of Rodion Raskolnikov is Luzhin. He is a hero who succeeds and does not constrain himself in any way. Luzhin evokes disgust and hatred of Raskolnikov, although he recognizes something in common in their life principle calmly stepping over obstacles, and this circumstance torments the conscientious Raskolnikov even more. Luzhin - business man with their "economic theories". In this theory, he justifies the exploitation of man, and it is built on profit and calculation, it differs from Raskolnikov's theory in the disinterestedness of thoughts. And although the theories of both one and the other lead to the idea that it is possible to "shed blood according to conscience," Raskolnikov's motives are noble, suffered through heart, he is driven not just by calculation, but by delusion, "clouding of the mind."

Luzhin is a straightforwardly primitive person. He is a reduced, almost comic double, in comparison with Svidrigailov. In the last century, the minds of many people were subject to the theory of "Napoleonism" - the possibility strong personality control the fate of other people. The hero of the novel, Rodion Raskolnikov, became a prisoner of this idea. The author of the work, wishing to portray the immoral idea of the protagonist, shows its utopian result on the images of "twins" - Svidrigailov and Luzhin. Raskolnikov explains the establishment of social justice by force as "blood according to conscience." The writer further developed this theory. Svidrigailov and Luzhin exhausted the idea of abandoning "principles" and "ideals" to the end. One has lost his bearings between good and evil, the other preaches personal gain - all this logical conclusion Raskolnikov's thoughts. It is not in vain that Rodion replies to Luzhen's selfish reasoning: "Bring to the consequences what you just preached, and it will turn out that people can be cut."

In his work Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky convinces us that the struggle between good and evil in the human soul does not always end in the victory of virtue. Through suffering, people go to transformation and purification, we see this in the images of Luzhin and especially Svidrigailov.

Bibliography

For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://www.bobych.spb.ru/

	Luzhin	Svidrigailov
Age	45 years	About 50 years
Appearance	He is no longer young. A prim and dignified man. Obese, which is reflected on the face. He wears curled hair and sideburns, which, however, does not make him funny. Whole appearance very youthful, does not look his age. Partly also because all the clothes are exclusively in light colors. He likes good things - a hat, gloves.	A nobleman, previously served in the cavalry, has connections.
Occupation	A very successful lawyer, court counselor.	landowner
Attitude towards people	He “sifts” all people through his theory. According to it, each person is simply obliged to be selfish, to take care of himself, of his interests first of all. He believes that only in this way can a person help others.	Able to calmly "go over the heads" to his goal, even steps over human lives. Unrequited love for Dunya awakens humanity in him for some time, but the time for repentance has already been lost. However, before committing suicide, he still manages to do a good deed - to help the Marmeladov family with money.
Character	Business success left its mark on the character of Luzhin. This is a straightforward ambitious person, he evaluates people from the standpoint of the benefits that can be obtained from them. Rational, practical, perceives only what can be touched, therefore it does not lend itself to emotions and intuition. In order to achieve his goals, he will use everything, moral boundaries does not exist in this question. Does not believe in honesty, disinterestedness, nobility. I am confident in my future success.	Easily rejected established social morality in order to be able to indulge in pleasures. Rumored to be a rapist and murderer. He justifies his permissiveness by the fact that he does not believe in eternity, which means that it doesn’t matter how you spent this life - in prayer or passions, after it, probably, there will be nothing. We can say that Svidrigailov himself strangled absolutely everything in himself human.
Life position	selfishness	Permissiveness
Position in the novel	Twins of Rodion Raskolnikov

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The novel "Crime and Punishment" is a work in which the thoughts and feelings of people come into conflict, in which ideological theory stumbles upon life practice. Dostoevsky managed to reflect the degree of influence of the enthusiasm for the ideas of the revolutionary transformation of society and the theory of individualism on the youth of his day. Thanks to his creative instinct and deep knowledge of human psychology, the writer was able to tell in his work about how detrimentally […]

Luzhin and Svidrigailov

Luzhin and Svidrigailov in Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" The novel "Crime and Punishment" was conceived by Dostoevsky while still in hard labor. Then it was called "Drunken", but gradually the idea of the novel was transformed into a "psychological account of one crime." Dostoevsky in his novel depicts the collision of theory with the logic of life. According to the writer, a living life process, that is, the logic of life, always refutes, renders insolvent any theory - both the most advanced, revolutionary, and the most criminal. So, it is impossible to make life according to theory. And therefore, the main philosophical idea of the novel is revealed not in a system of logical proofs and refutations, but as a collision of a person obsessed with an extremely criminal theory, with life processes that refute this theory.

Rodion Raskolnikov is associated with many people in the work. One of them is Luzhin and Svidrigailov, who are the "twins" of the protagonist, because they created theories similar to the theory of the "chosen ones" and "trembling creatures". "We are one field of berries," Svidrigailov says to Rodion, emphasizing their similarities. Svidrigailov, one of the most complex images of Dostoevsky, is in captivity of a false theory. He, like Raskolnikov, rejected public morality and wasted his life on entertainment. Svidrigailov, guilty of the death of several people, forced his conscience to be silent for a long time, and only a meeting with Dunya awakened some feelings in his soul. But repentance, unlike Raskolnikov, came to him too late. He even helped Sonya, his fiancee, the children of Katerina Ivanovna, in order to drown out remorse. But there is neither time nor strength to cope with himself and he puts a bullet in his forehead.

Luzhin is a business man with his "economic theories". In this theory, he justifies the exploitation of man, and it is built on profit and calculation, it differs from Raskolnikov's theory in the disinterestedness of thoughts. And although the theories of both one and the other lead to the idea that it is possible to "shed blood according to conscience," Raskolnikov's motives are noble, suffered through heart, he is driven not just by calculation, but by delusion, "clouding of the mind."

Luzhin is a straightforwardly primitive person. He is a reduced, almost comic double, in comparison with Svidrigailov. In the last century, the minds of many people were subject to the theory of "Napoleonism" - the ability of a strong personality to command the fate of other people. The hero of the novel, Rodion Raskolnikov, became a prisoner of this idea. The author of the work, wishing to depict the immoral idea of the protagonist, shows its utopian result on the images of the "twins" of Svidrigailov and Luzhin. Raskolnikov explains the establishment of social justice by force as "blood according to conscience." The writer further developed this theory. Svidrigailov and Luzhin exhausted the idea of abandoning "principles" and "ideals" to the end. One has lost his bearings between good and evil, the other preaches personal gain - all this is the logical conclusion of Raskolnikov's thoughts. It is not for nothing that Rodion replies to Luzhin's selfish reasoning: "Bring to the consequences what you just preached, and it turns out that people can be cut."