Glinka's biography is a summary for children. Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich - a short biography of the composer

Mikhail Glinka's father was a retired captain - Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. Their family descended from the gentry. The composer's mother is Evgenia Andreevna. Immediately after the birth of the boy, the grandmother, Fyokla Alexandrovna, took him. She was so diligent in raising the boy that already in childhood he became painfully touchy. By the age of six, Misha was completely removed from society, even from his own parents. In 1810, the grandmother dies, and the boy is returned to be raised in the family. Education Mikhail Glinka, whose brief biography is incredibly interesting, was convinced from an early age that he would devote his life to music. The fate of the musician has been known since childhood. While still a small child, he learned to play the violin and piano. The boy was taught all this by the governess Varvara Klammer from St. Petersburg.

Brief biography of Glinka the most important thing

Other biography options

• Option 2 is more concise for a report or class post

• Interesting Facts
  • The birthplace of the great Russian composer is the small village of Novospasskoye in the Smolensk province. The large Glinka family lived there from the very time that their great-grandfather, a Polish nobleman, took the oath of allegiance to the Russian Tsar and continued to serve in the Russian army.
  • see all interesting facts from the life of Glinka

  Biography test Glinka's short biography will be remembered better if you pass this test: New tests Be among the first on the honor roll Do you like the biography? Help the project - click on the button, tell your friends: Didn't like it? - Write in the comments what is missing.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka was born on May 20, 1804. They say that at the birth of Mikhail, nightingales sang all morning near his house. Among his ancestors there were no outstanding creative personalities, perhaps that is why no one, at first, betrayed this sign of particular importance.

Attention

His father is a retired captain of the Russian army, Ivan Nikolaevich. The first years of the boy's life, his upbringing was done by his paternal grandmother, who did not let his mother near him.

Grandmother was too kind to her grandson. The child grew up as a real "mimosa". The room in which he was kept was heavily heated, and they took him out only in warm weather.

Already at an early age, little Misha was sensitive to folk fun and songs. Folklore made a great impression on the boy, which he tremblingly kept all his life.

These impressions and experiences will later be reflected in the work of the great Russian composer.

Biography of Mikhail Glinka

Info

But the training had to be interrupted (due to the death of his father) and return home. After returning to Russia, all the composer's thoughts are occupied with music. He lives in St. Petersburg, attends poetry evenings with V.

Zhukovsky and dreams of composing his first opera. This idea haunted him even in his youth. This is how the opera Ivan Susanin was born, the successful premiere of which took place at the Bolshoi Theater in 1836.

This date can be safely called the birthday of the Russian patriotic opera. And already in 1842. the composer finished work on the second opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila".

Important

But this essay was less successful and was criticized. The not very successful premiere of the opera and the crisis in his personal life spurred the composer on a new trip abroad. In 1845.

he settled in Paris, where he gave a charity concert from his works. Then he went to Spain, where he lived until 1847.

Brief biography of Glinka

His dissatisfaction with the style required improvement, which the composer worked on scrupulously. The 30s brought a move to Italy and a trip to the cities of Germany. Living on Italian soil, Glinka, whose brief biography reveals to us the essence of how the composer tries to create Italian operas, and he succeeds.

In 1833 he moved to Berlin, where he got a job. And with the receipt of a letter about the death of his father, he leaves for his homeland. Being in his native country, Mikhail Ivanovich had the idea to create a Russian opera. As evidenced by his painstaking work on the tradition, which he chose to embody the idea.
The choice of the hero in the legend fell on the well-known among the people, Ivan Susanin. In the same year, Mikhail got married and moved to Novospasskoye, where he continued his work.
The result is an opera, A Life for the Tsar, which appeared in 1836.

Brief biography of Mikhail Glinka

After Glinka graduated from the boarding school, he began to devote all his free time to music. It was during this time period that his first works were written. It is also a well-known fact that the composer himself did not really like his early works. He constantly improved them to make them better. The heyday of the work of this great man falls on the period from 1822 to 1823.

It was in this time period that such compositions as “Do not tempt me unnecessarily” and “Do not sing, beauty, with me” were written. After that, the composer sets off on his journey through Europe, which gives a new round to his work. Upon returning to Russia, the composer still writes not a single great work.

Mikhail Glinka short biography

Mikhail Glinka short biography Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (1804 - 1857) is a great Russian composer. Born May 20, 1804 in Novospasskoye, Smolensk province.

Mikhail began to play the piano at the age of ten. Since 1817, he began to study at the Noble Boarding School at the Pedagogical Institute of St. Petersburg. After graduating from the boarding school, he devoted all his time to music and created his first compositions. As a real creator, Glinka does not fully like his works, he seeks to expand the everyday genre of music. In 1822-1823, Glinka wrote well-known romances and songs: “Do not tempt me needlessly” to the words of E. A. Baratynsky, “Do not sing, beauty, with me” to the words of A. S. Pushkin and others. In the same years, he met the famous Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Griboyedov and others. After traveling to the Caucasus, he goes to Italy, Germany.

M. i. clay. short biography of the composer

In 1833 Glinka went to Berlin. On the way, he stopped briefly in Vienna. In Berlin, the composer intended to put his theoretical knowledge of music in order. He studied under the guidance of Z. Den. M. I. Glinka. Brief biography: homecoming Glinka was forced to interrupt his studies in Berlin by the news of his father's death. When Mikhail Ivanovich arrived in St. Petersburg, he often visited Zhukovsky. Writers and musicians gathered at the poet's every week. At one of the meetings, Glinka shared with Zhukovsky his desire to write a Russian opera for the first time. He approved the composer's intention and offered to take the plot of Ivan Susanin. In 1835, Glinka married MP Ivanova. Happiness not only did not become an obstacle to creativity, but, on the contrary, spurred the composer's activity. He wrote the opera "Ivan Susanin" ("Life for the Tsar") rather quickly. In the autumn of 1836, its premiere had already taken place.

Brief biography of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka

In particular, Dargomyzhsky and Tchaikovsky developed his original ideas in their musical compositions.

• Glinka created the first Russian national opera called A Life for the Tsar, based on a historical plot.
• Thanks to the influence of the composer, a Russian vocal school was formed in St. Petersburg.

Interesting facts Glinka's biography is of interest to adults and children.

• Not many people know that Fyokla Alexandrovna, the grandmother of Mikhail Glinka, the mother of his father, took the boy to be brought up for a reason. A year before the birth of Misha, a son was born in the family, who died in infancy.

  The grandmother blamed the mother for this, and therefore, with the advent of Misha, she took the child to her. She possessed unbridled autocracy, and therefore no one dared to object to her - neither her daughter-in-law, nor even her own son.

• The first wife of Mikhail Ivanovich, Maria Petrovna, was uneducated.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka

She was a huge success with the public and even with the emperor. M. I. Glinka. Brief biography: new works Even during Pushkin's lifetime, the composer had the idea to write an opera based on the plot of his poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila".

She was ready in 1842. Soon the production took place, but the opera was less successful than A Life for the Tsar. It was not easy for the composer to survive the criticism. Two years later he went on a trip to France and Spain.

New impressions returned creative inspiration to the composer. In 1845, he created the overture "Jota of Aragon", which was a great success.

Three years later, Night in Madrid appeared. In a foreign land, the composer increasingly turned to Russian songs. Based on them, he wrote "Kamarinskaya", which laid the foundation for the development of a new type of symphonic music. Mikhail Glinka.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka short biography about the most important

After Mikhail has mastered the first basics in art, he is sent for education to the St. Petersburg boarding school, which is located at the Pedagogical Institute. Wilhelm Küchelbecker becomes his first tutor.

Glinka takes lessons from great music teachers, including John Field and Karl Zeiner. It is here that the future composer meets Alexander Pushkin.

Strong friendships are established between them, which last until the death of the great poet. The heyday of Glinka, whose biography is full of many events, was passionate about music from an early age, by the age of ten he was already skillfully handling the piano and violin.

Music for Mikhail Glinka is a vocation from an early age. Already after the end of the Noble boarding school, he gives performances in salons, is actively engaged in self-education, studying the history and characteristics of Western European music.

GLINKA Mikhail Ivanovich, Russian composer, founder of Russian classical music. He was the author of the operas A Life for the Tsar (Ivan Susanin, 1836) and Ruslan and Lyudmila (1842), which laid the foundation for two directions of Russian opera - folk musical drama and opera-fairy tale, opera-epic. Symphonic compositions: "Kamarinskaya" (1848), "Spanish Overtures" ("Jota of Aragon", 1845, and "Night in Madrid", 1851), laid the foundations of Russian symphony. Classic of Russian romance. Glinka's "Patriotic Song" became the musical basis of the national anthem of the Russian Federation. The Glinka Prizes were established (by M. P. Belyaev; 1884-1917), the Glinka State Prize of the RSFSR (in 1965-90); the Glinka Vocal Competition has been held (since 1960).

Childhood. Studying at the Noble Boarding School (1818-1822)

Glinka was born into a family of Smolensk landowners I. N. and E. A. Glinka (former second cousins). He received his primary education at home. Listening to the singing of serfs and the ringing of the bells of the local church, he showed an early passion for music. He was fond of playing the orchestra of serf musicians on the estate of his uncle, Afanasy Andreevich Glinka. Musical lessons - playing the violin and piano - began rather late (1815-1816) and were of an amateur nature. However, music had such a strong influence on him that once he remarked to a remark about absent-mindedness: "What to do? ... Music is my soul!"

In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble Boarding School at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 it was renamed the Noble Boarding School at St. boarding house to his brother. Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker, who taught Russian literature at the boarding school. In parallel with his studies, Glinka took piano lessons (first from the English composer John Field, and after his departure to Moscow - from his students Oman, Zeiner and Sh. Mayr - a fairly well-known musician). He graduated from the boarding school in 1822 as the second student. On graduation day, Hummel's Piano Concerto was played in public with great success.

The beginning of an independent life

After graduating from the boarding school, Glinka did not immediately enter the service. In 1823, he went to be treated at the Caucasian Mineral Waters, then went to Novospasskoye, where he sometimes "directed his uncle's orchestra, playing the violin," then he began to compose orchestral music. In 1824 he was hired as assistant secretary of the Main Directorate of Railways (he resigned in June 1828). The main place in his work was occupied by romances. Among the works of that time are "The Poor Singer" to the verses of V. A. Zhukovsky (1826), "Do not sing, beauty, with me" to the verses of A. S. Pushkin (1828). One of the best romances of the early period is an elegy on poems by E. A. Baratynsky "Do not tempt me without need" (1825). In 1829 Glinka and N. Pavlishchev published the Lyric Album, which included Glinka's plays among the works of various authors.

First overseas trip (1830-1834)

In the spring of 1830, Glinka went on a long trip abroad, the purpose of which was both treatment (on the waters of Germany and in the warm climate of Italy) and acquaintance with Western European art. After spending several months in Aachen and Frankfurt, he arrived in Milan, where he studied composition and vocals, visited theaters, and traveled to other Italian cities. In Italy, the composer met V. Bellini, F. Mendelssohn and G. Berlioz. Among the composer's experiments of those years (chamber-instrumental compositions, romances), the romance "Venetian Night" to the verses of I. Kozlov stands out. Glinka spent the winter and spring of 1834 in Berlin, devoting himself to serious studies in music theory and composition under the guidance of the famous scholar Siegfried Dehn. At the same time, he had the idea of ​​creating a national Russian opera.

Glinka's biography is full of interesting facts and events. The huge legacy left by Mikhail Ivanovich includes romances, works for children, songs and compositions, symphonic fantasies. The main work of the composer is the opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila", which became famous all over the world. Music critics call Glinka Pushkin in music. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, whose biography is replete with extraordinary facts, wrote the first Russian opera based on historical events. In this article we will trace the life path of the great composer. Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich, whose brief biography is full of unpredictable turns, has been in love with music since childhood.

Origin

The composer was born on his father's estate on May 20 (June 1, according to the old style), 1804. The first home of Glinka was the village of Novospasskoe, Smolensk province. Mikhail Glinka's father was a retired captain - Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. Their family descended from the gentry. The composer's mother is Evgenia Andreevna. Immediately after the birth of the boy, the grandmother, Fyokla Alexandrovna, took him. She was so diligent in raising the boy that already in childhood he became painfully touchy. By the age of six, Misha was completely removed from society, even from his own parents. In 1810, the grandmother dies, and the boy is returned to be raised in the family.

Education

Mikhail Glinka, whose brief biography is incredibly interesting, was convinced from an early age that he would devote his life to music. The fate of the musician has been known since childhood. While still a small child, he learned to play the violin and piano. The boy was taught all this by the governess Varvara Klammer from St. Petersburg. After Mikhail has mastered the first basics in art, he is sent for education to the St. Petersburg boarding school, which is located at the Pedagogical Institute. Wilhelm Küchelbecker becomes his first tutor. Glinka takes lessons from great music teachers, including John Field and Karl Zeiner. It is here that the future composer meets Alexander Pushkin. Strong friendships are established between them, which last until the death of the great poet.

The heyday of creativity

Glinka, whose biography is full of many events, was passionate about music from an early age, by the age of ten he was already skillfully handling the piano and violin. Music for Mikhail Glinka is a vocation from an early age. Already after the end of the Noble boarding school, he gives performances in salons, is actively engaged in self-education, studying the history and characteristics of Western European music. At the same time, the composer composed the first successful works for piano and harp. He writes romances, rondos for orchestras, as well as string septets and orchestral overtures. The circle of his acquaintances is replenished by Zhukovsky, Griboedov, Mitskevich, Odoevsky and Delvig. Glinka's biography is interesting not only to his admirers, but also to everyone who is interested in music.

Mikhail Ivanovich spends several years in the Caucasus. But already in 1824, the young composer got a job as an assistant secretary in the Main Directorate of Railways. However, despite being busy, already at the end of the twenties, together with Pavlishchev, he published the Lyric Album. It also includes Mikhail Ivanovich's own compositions. As you can see, Glinka's biography is interesting with unusual events and unexpected twists and turns.

Since 1830, a new period begins, which is characterized as Italian. Before it starts, Glinka makes a summer trip to German cities, and then stops in Milan. At that time, this city was the central point of musical culture throughout the world. It is here that Mikhail Glinka meets Donizetti and Bellini. He does research and studies bel canto in detail, after which he composes works in the Italian spirit.

A few years later, in 1833, the composer settled in Germany. Studying with Sigrifid Den, he hones and polishes his musical talent. However, the news of his father's death in 1834 forces the composer to return to Russia. Glinka, whose brief biography is interesting not only to the inhabitants of the Russian Federation, but also to Europeans, gave the world two great operas.

"Life for the King"

His dreams are directed towards the creation of a Russian national opera. Working hard, he chooses Ivan Susanin and his feat as the central figure. The author devotes the whole three years of his life to his work and in 1836 he completes a grandiose opera, which was called “Life for the Tsar”. The first performance took place on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg and was accepted by the society with great enthusiasm. After the overwhelming success of Mikhail Glinka, he was appointed to the post of Kapellmeister of the Court Chapel. The year 1838 the composer devoted to rest and travel around Ukraine.

1842 is the year of the release of the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila. The work is accepted by the public ambiguously and is hotly discussed.

Life abroad

Mikhail Glinka, whose biography is rich in facts and events, devoted many years to studying the cultures of different European peoples. The year 1844 was marked by a new journey abroad for the great composer. This time his path lies in France. Here his works are performed by the great Berlioz. In Paris in 1845, Mikhail Ivanovich gives a huge charity concert, after which he goes to sunny Spain. Studying the local culture, he composes several symphonic overtures on Spanish folk themes, and the Aragonese Jota overture is also created here.

In 1827, the composer again came to his native Russia, and then immediately went to Warsaw. It is here that he composes the famous "Kamarinskaya". It has become the newest type of symphonic music, which combines a variety of rhythms, moods and characters. 1848 - the year of the creation of "Night in Madrid".

Composer influence

In 1851 Glinka returned to St. Petersburg again. Here he finds time to give lessons to the new generation, to write opera parts. Thanks to his influence, a Russian vocal school is even being created in this city. Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich, whose brief biography is interesting for its unpredictability, is the founder of many musical trends.

Just a year later, the composer resumes traveling around Europe. On his way to Spain, he lingers in Paris for two years. He devotes all the time to the Taras Bulba symphony, but it remains unfinished.

In 1854, the composer returned to his homeland, where he wrote his memoirs and his Notes. However, it does not last long, and he again goes to Europe, this time heading for Berlin. Glinka, whose biography begins in Russia, managed to visit many European cities, creating his brilliant works there.

Family life

In 1835, Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka married his distant relative Maria Petrovna Ivanova. However, their marriage did not work out, and they soon separated.

Three years after the first marriage and unsuccessful union, Glinka met Ekaterina Kern. It was to her that the best works of the composer were dedicated. Glinka loved this woman until the end of his days.

Composer's death

His biography is of great interest. Glinka M.I. is a great composer and a true patriot.

In February 1857, while in Berlin, Mikhail Glinka died. On February 15, when he died, he was buried first in the Lutheran cemetery. However, a couple of months later, his ashes were transported to Russia and reburied at the Tikhvin cemetery in the city of St. Petersburg.

Main achievements

• Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, whose biography allows us to consider him a national treasure, managed to create a lot of beauty in his life, while influencing many of his followers-composers.
• He founded the Russian National School of Composers.
• Glinka's works influence the development of Russian and world music. In particular, Dargomyzhsky and Tchaikovsky developed his original ideas in their musical compositions.
• Glinka created the first Russian national opera called A Life for the Tsar, based on a historical plot.
• Thanks to the influence of the composer, a Russian vocal school was formed in St. Petersburg.

Glinka's biography is of interest to adults and children.

• Not many people know that Fyokla Alexandrovna, the grandmother of Mikhail Glinka, the mother of his father, took the boy to be brought up for a reason. A year before the birth of Misha, a son was born in the family, who died in infancy. The grandmother blamed the mother for this, and therefore, with the advent of Misha, she took the child to her. She possessed unbridled autocracy, and therefore no one dared to object to her - neither her daughter-in-law, nor even her own son.
• The first wife of Mikhail Ivanovich, Maria Petrovna, was uneducated. She also knew nothing about music, and she did not even know who Beethoven was. Perhaps this was the reason that their marriage was unsuccessful and so fleeting.
• Glinka created patriotic music that was the anthem of the Russian Federation for almost ten years - from 1991 to 2000.

• During the transportation of the ashes of the composer from Germany to Russia, on the box in which the coffin was packed, it was written in large letters: "PORCELAIN".
• During his life, Mikhail Ivanovich created about twenty songs and romances, six symphonic works, two great operas, as well as several chamber-instrumental compositions.
• Glinka, whose brief biography is studied in Russian and European schools, devoted his life to music.
• In the native estate of the composer, in Novospasskoye village, the museum of Mikhail Glinka was created.
• In total, three monuments to the composer have been erected in the world: in Kyiv, Berlin and Bologna.
• After the death of Glinka, the State Academic Chapel in the city of St. Petersburg was named after him.

From all the facts and events described by us, his biography is formed. Glinka M.I. made a huge contribution to Russian culture, many European composers were guided by him.

Glinka died on February 3 (15), 1857 in Berlin. The life and work of Glinka in the period from 1823 to 1830 were very eventful. The work of M.I. Glinka (1804-1857) marked a new, namely, the classical stage in the development of Russian musical culture. In 1830 he went to Italy, on the way he was in Germany.

Glinka has an outstanding historical role in Russian classical music. Glinka's work reflected the progressive aspirations of the time. As a child, he studied piano and violin.

In 1830-1834 Glinka lived in Italy, Austria and Germany, getting acquainted with the musical culture of these countries, improving his knowledge in the field of music theory. The images of folk poetic fantasy captured in Pushkin's youthful poem were embodied in Glinka's opera on a truly epic scale. During the years of work on Ruslan, music was also written for the tragedy by N. V. Kukolnik Prince Kholmsky (1840) and numerous romances. In 1844 Glinka undertook a second trip abroad.

In the last period of his life, Glinka's creative activity decreased somewhat. Please note that in Russia Uber operates only in Moscow and St. Petersburg. And Gettaxi is still in Nizhny Novgorod and Novosibirsk. M. Glinka began to play the piano and violin at the age of ten. Since 1817, he began to study at the Noble Boarding School at the Pedagogical Institute of St. Petersburg.

Creativity of M.I. Glinka - works, genres, analysis

At the same time, the first compositions of the composer Glinka were created. In 1822-1823, Glinka wrote well-known romances and songs: “Do not tempt me needlessly” to the words of E. A. Baratynsky, “Do not sing, beauty, with me” to the words of A. S. Pushkin and others. In the same years, he met the famous Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Griboyedov and others. Returning to Russia, Glinka diligently worked on the national opera Ivan Susanin.

The premiere of the next opera Ruslan and Lyudmila in 1842 was no longer so loud. Strong criticism pushed the composer to leave, he left Russia, went to France, Spain, and only in 1847 returned to his homeland. His ashes were transported to St. Petersburg and reburied there. Glinka's legacy for children includes romances, songs, symphonic fantasies, as well as the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila, which became even more fabulous after it was translated into music by the great composer.

After "Ruslan and Lyudmila" Glinka starts work on the opera-drama "Two-wife" (the last decade) based on A. Shakhovsky, which remained unfinished. By the time of the heyday of the genius of M. Glinka, Russia already had a rich tradition in the field of the Russian romance genre. Having equal importance in the history of Russian romance, living and creating at the same time, Glinka and Dargomyzhsky follow different paths in realizing their creative principles. Glinka in vocal creativity remains a lyricist, considering the main thing - the expression of emotions, feelings, moods.

Glinka's music synthesizes the best achievements of European musical culture with national tradition. M. Glinka made an invaluable contribution to the development of instrumentation by creating the first Russian manual in this area (“Notes on Instrumentation”). In addition, M. Glinka is a brilliant master of polyphony.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka was born on May 20, 1804. They say that at the birth of Mikhail, nightingales sang all morning near his house. Mikhail Glinka grew up as a pious boy. His mother begins to raise his son. Four years later, Glinka will begin to learn to play the violin and piano. In the capital, Mikhail Ivanovich takes private lessons from the strongest musicians of his time. An interesting fact is that Mikhail's classmate was the younger brother of Alexander Pushkin - Leo. The great poet often visited his brother, so Glinka met Pushkin.

Glinka was a creative person, naturally in need of communication with interesting people. In 1834, Glinka returned to his homeland, with a lot of thoughts in his head.

After the opera "Life for the Tsar", the composer wrote such brilliant works as "Ruslan and Lyudmila", "Kamarinskaya", "Night in Madrid", "Waltz - Fantasy". Glinka traveled extensively in European countries, discovering new horizons and spaces for the flight of thought and creativity. At the end of his life, Mikhail Ivanovich began to compose and remake church melodies. Mikhail Ivanovich was a wonderful composer, whose work was carried by the Russian people through decades. Glinka was not only a talented composer, but also a true patriot.

Attention deserves all the work of Glinka. In the folk song, Glinka discovered an inexhaustible source of poetry and created a truly democratic national art. The life and work of Glinka in this country proceed successfully, easily and naturally. Glinka's work becomes freer from other people's influence, he treats it more consciously. In the spring of 1834, Mikhail arrived in Novospasskoye.

Chamber and instrumental works of Glinka (briefly)

In the autumn of 1834 he arrived in St. Petersburg, where he attended literary and amateurish circles. The premiere of "A Life for the Tsar" took place on November 27, 1836. V. Odoevsky appreciated it at its true worth. Emperor Nicholas I gave Glinka a ring for 4,000 rubles for this. In 1839, for a number of reasons, Glinka resigned. During this period, fruitful creativity continues.

Summarizing the achievements of his predecessors, he laid the foundations of the national musical style, opened, like Pushkin in literature, the classical period in the history of Russian music. With the freedom-loving poetry of Pushkin and the Decembrists, his art is brought together by humanism, the ideas of patriotic service to the people.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka was born on May 20 (June 1), 1804 in the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province. Monuments to Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka were erected in Bologna, Kyiv, Berlin. Many works in the biography of Mikhail Glinka were written during trips abroad. Glinka's opera Ruslan and Lyudmila (1842), which was born exactly 6 years later, was received negatively, in contrast to Ivan Susanin, which was enthusiastically received.

Name: Mikhail Glinka

Age: 52 years old

Activity: composer

Family status: was divorced

Mikhail Glinka: biography

Mikhail Glinka is a Russian composer, founder of the Russian national opera, author of the world-famous operas A Life for the Tsar (Ivan Susanin) and Ruslan and Lyudmila.

Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich was born in the family estate of his family in the Smolensk region on May 20 (June 1), 1804. His father was a descendant of a Russified Polish nobleman. The parents of the future composer were distant relatives of each other. Mikhail's mother, Evgenia Andreevna Glinka-Zemelka, was a second cousin of his father, Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka.

Mikhail Glinka in recent years

The boy grew up as a sickly and weak child. For the first ten years of his life, Mikhail was raised by his father's mother Fyokla Alexandrovna. Grandmother was an uncompromising and strict woman, she cultivated suspiciousness and nervousness in the child. The grandson of Fyokla Alexandrovna studied at home. The boy's first interest in music manifested itself in early childhood, when he tried to imitate the ringing of bells with the help of copper household utensils.

After the death of his grandmother, his mother took up the upbringing of Mikhail. She arranged for her son in a St. Petersburg boarding school, in which only selected noble children studied. There Mikhail met Lev Pushkin and his older brother. Alexander Sergeevich visited a relative and knew his close friends, one of whom was Mikhail Glinka.

In the boarding house, the future composer began to take music lessons. His favorite teacher was the pianist Karl Mayer. Glinka recalled that it was this teacher who influenced the formation of his musical taste. In 1822, Mikhail graduated from boarding school. On graduation day, he performed Hummel's Piano Concerto publicly with teacher Mayer. The performance was a success.

Carier start

The first works of Glinka belong to the period of release from the boarding school. In 1822, Mikhail Ivanovich became the author of several romances. One of them, "Do not sing, beauty, in front of me" was written in verse. The musician's acquaintance with the poet happened during his studies, but a few years after Glinka's graduation from the boarding school, the young people became friends on the basis of common interests.

Mikhail Ivanovich was distinguished by poor health from childhood. In 1923, he went to the Caucasus to be treated with mineral waters. There he admired the landscapes, studied local legends and folk art, and took care of his health. After returning from the Caucasus, Mikhail Ivanovich did not leave his family estate for almost a year, creating musical compositions.

In 1924 he left for the capital, where he got a job in the Ministry of Railways and Communications. After serving for five years, Glinka retired. The reason for leaving the service was the lack of free time for music lessons. Life in St. Petersburg gave Mikhail Ivanovich acquaintances with outstanding creative people of his time. The environment fueled the composer's need for creativity.

In 1830, Glinka's health deteriorated, the musician was forced to change the Petersburg dampness to a warmer climate. The composer went to Europe for treatment. Glinka combined a health trip to Italy with professional training. In Milan, the composer met Donizetti and Bellini, studied opera and bel canto. After four years of his stay in Italy, Glinka left for Germany. There he took lessons from Siegfried Dehn. Mikhail Ivanovich had to interrupt his studies due to the unexpected death of his father. The composer hastily returned to Russia.

Career heyday

Music occupied all Glinka's thoughts. In 1834, the composer began working on his first opera, Ivan Susanin, which was later renamed A Life for the Tsar. The first title of the composition was returned to Soviet times. The opera takes place in 1612, but the choice of plot was influenced by the war of 1812, which happened during the author's childhood. When it began, Glinka was only eight years old, but her influence on the consciousness of the musician remained for several decades.

In 1842, the composer completed work on his second opera. The work "Ruslan and Lyudmila" was presented on the same day as "Ivan Susanin", but with a difference of six years.

Glinka wrote his second opera for a long time. It took him about six years to complete this work. The composer's disappointment knew no bounds when the work did not have the due success. A wave of criticism crushed the musician. Also in 1842, the composer had a crisis in his personal life, which affected Glinka's emotional and physical health.

Dissatisfaction with life prompted Mikhail Ivanovich to undertake a new long-term journey to Europe. The composer visited several cities in Spain and France. Gradually, he regained his creative inspiration. The result of his trip was new works: "Jota of Aragon" and "Memories of Castile". Living in Europe helped Glinka regain her self-confidence. The composer again went to Russia.

Glinka spent some time in the family estate, then he lived in St. Petersburg, but social life tired the musician. In 1848 he ended up in Warsaw. The musician lived there for two years. This period of the composer's life was marked by the creation of the symphonic fantasy Kamarinskaya.

Mikhail Ivanovich spent the last five years of his life on the road. In 1852 the composer went to Spain. The musician's health was poor, and when Glinka got to France, he decided to stay there. Paris favored him. Feeling the rise of vitality, the composer began work on the symphony "Taras Bulba". After living in Paris for about two years, the musician went home with all his creative endeavors. The reason for this decision was the beginning of the Crimean War. Symphony "Taras Bulba" was never completed.

Returning to Russia in 1854, the musician wrote memoirs, which were published 16 years later under the title Notes. In 1855, Mikhail Ivanovich composed the romance "In a difficult moment of life" to verse. A year later, the composer went to Berlin.

Personal life

Glinka's biography is a story of a person's love for music, but the composer also had a more ordinary personal life. During his travels in Europe, Mikhail became the hero of several amorous adventures. Returning to Russia, the composer decided to get married. Following the example of his father, he chose his distant relative as his life partner. The composer's wife was Maria (Maria) Petrovna Ivanova.

The spouses had a fourteen-year age difference, but this did not stop the composer. The marriage was unhappy. Mikhail Ivanovich quickly realized that he had made the wrong choice. Marriage tied the musician to his unloved wife, and his heart was given to another woman. Ekaterina Kern became the composer's new love. The girl was the daughter of Pushkin's muse, to whom Alexander Sergeevich dedicated the poem "I remember a wonderful moment."

Glinka's relationship with her lover lasted almost 10 years. Most of this time, the musician was officially married. His legal wife Maria Ivanova, having not lived even a year in a legal marriage, began to look for amorous adventures on the side. Glinka knew about her adventures. The wife reproached the musician for squandering, scandalized and cheated. The composer was very depressed.

After six years of marriage with Glinka, Maria Ivanova secretly married cornet Nikolai Vasilchikov. When this circumstance was revealed, Glinka received hope for a divorce. All this time, the composer was in a relationship with Ekaterina Kern. In 1844, the musician realized that the intensity of love passions had faded. Two years later, he received a divorce, but he never married Catherine.

Glinka and Pushkin

Mikhail Ivanovich and Alexander Sergeevich were contemporaries. Pushkin was only five years older than Glinka. After Mikhail Ivanovich crossed the line of twenty years, he and Alexander Sergeevich had many common interests. The friendship of young people continued until the tragic death of the poet.

Painting "Pushkin and Zhukovsky at Glinka". Artist Viktor Artamonov

Glinka conceived the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila in order to be able to work with Pushkin. The death of the poet greatly slowed down the process of creating the opera. As a result, her production almost failed. Glinka is called "Pushkin from music", because he made the same feasible contribution to the formation of the Russian national opera school, as his friend to the development of Russian literature.

Death

In Germany, Glinka studied the work of Johann Sebastian Bach and his contemporaries. Not having lived in Berlin for a year, the composer died. Death overtook him in February 1857.

Monument at the grave of Mikhail Glinka

The composer was modestly buried in a small Lutheran cemetery. A few months later, Glinka's younger sister Lyudmila arrived in Berlin to arrange the transportation of her brother's ashes to their homeland. The coffin with the composer's body was transported from Berlin to St. Petersburg in a cardboard box with the inscription "PORCELAIN".

Glinka was reburied in St. Petersburg at the Tikhvin cemetery. An authentic tombstone from the first grave of the composer is still located in Berlin on the territory of the Russian Orthodox cemetery. In 1947, a monument to Glinka was also erected there.

• Glinka became the author of the romance "I remember a wonderful moment", which was written to the verses of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. The poet dedicated the lines to his muse Anna Kern, and Mikhail Ivanovich dedicated the music to her daughter Ekaterina.
• After the composer received the news of his mother's death in 1851, his right hand was taken away. Mother was the closest person for the musician.
• Glinka could have children. Beloved musician in 1842 was pregnant. The composer during this period was officially married and could not get a divorce. The musician gave Ekaterina Kern a large amount of money to get rid of the child. The woman left for the Poltava region for almost a year. According to one version, the child was still born, since Ekaterina Kern was absent for too long a period of time. During this time, the musician's feelings faded, he left his passion. Glinka, towards the end of his life, was very sorry that he asked Catherine to get rid of the child.
• For many years, the musician sought a divorce from his wife Maria Ivanova, intending to marry his beloved Ekaterina Kern, but, having received freedom, he decided to refuse to marry. He left his passion, afraid of new obligations. Ekaterina Kern waited almost 10 years for the composer to return to her.