What is the main idea of the story in a bad society. “Bad society” and “dark personalities” in the story by V.G. Korolenko “Children of the Underground My attitude to the story in a bad society

The Russian writer Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko was born in Zhytomyr, into an impoverished noble family. His father, Galaktion Afanasyevich, was a judge, a stern and reserved person, but at the same time honest and incorruptible. Most likely, under the influence of his father, at an early age, the boy had a desire for justice. But the future writer did not want to become a judge, like his father, he dreamed of becoming a lawyer, not to judge, but to protect people.

Now such people are usually called human rights activists, because the main business of Korolenko's life was the upholding of human rights. Already from his youth, he joined the People's Will movement. For revolutionary activities, he repeatedly referred to the Urals and Siberia. Having already become a famous writer, he sought the release of ordinary people who were unjustly convicted, during the Civil War he helped prisoners of war, created shelters and orphanages.

One of the works that brought fame to the writer was the story "In Bad Society", which later became the story "Children of the Underground" in a version adapted for children. The author was dissatisfied with the desire of publishers to acquaint the youth with the writer in a "shredded form." But it was this version of the work that was known to every Soviet schoolchild.

The story of the boy Vasya, who was left without a mother at the age of six and grew up “like a shy animal,” could not leave anyone indifferent. Having become a vagabond because his "criminal games" with his younger sister Sonya were perceived negatively by the old nanny and father, the boy suffers from the "horror of loneliness" and the abyss that separates him from his father. “Pan Judge,” as his father was respectfully called in the small town of Knyazhye-Veno, having become a widower, grieves for the loss alone, not letting his son, who experienced the same feelings, approach him. The isolation and severity of the father and the fear of the son increasingly alienated them from each other.

It is not known how this ordeal of grief would have ended for the protagonist, if it were not for his acquaintance with "problematic natures" - poor vagabonds who lived in an abandoned chapel near the cemetery. Among them was Vasya's age - nine-year-old Valek. The first meeting, which almost ended in a skirmish, turned into friendship thanks to Marusa. This four-year-old girl, clinging to her older comrade, prevented the clarification of the relationship between the boys, as they say, in a manly way. And this chance acquaintance turned into new life impressions for the protagonist.

Vasya learned that there is injustice in the world, that his new acquaintances are beggars and often experience hunger - a feeling hitherto unknown to the judge's son. But from the simple-hearted confession of Marusya that she was hungry, “something turned in the chest” of the hero. For a long time the boy could not realize this “new painful feeling that overwhelmed the soul”, because for the first time he really thought about what is good in this world and what is bad. As the son of a judge, he was well aware that it was impossible to steal, that it was illegal, but when he saw hungry children, for the first time he doubted the correctness of these laws. The bandage fell off his eyes: he began to discover in life from a new, unexpected side for himself what seemed to him clear and unambiguous.

Comparing Marusya, “a pale, tiny creature resembling a flower”, who grew up without the sun, and his sister Sonya, “elastic like a ball”, also a four-year-old girl, Vasya involuntarily sympathized with the baby, from whom the “gray stone” sucked all her life. These enigmatic words made the boy think again and again about the injustice of the world order, and "a feeling of painful regret" squeezed the heart of the young hero, and he himself became more courageous and strong-willed, preparing to defend his new friends from all the horrors of reality, because Marusya's sad smile became almost as dear to him as his sister's smile.

Caught in "bad company", the boy was surprised to understand that his father is not what he seems. External severity and impregnability, according to Pan Tyburtsy, were evidence that he was a faithful servant of his master, whose name is law. From these words, the figure of the father in the boy's mind "clothed with a halo of formidable, but sympathetic strength." However, the manifestation of that power was yet to be known to him. When Marusa became very ill, Vasya brought her a doll of his sister - a memory of her dead mother. This “smart faience young lady” had an almost magical effect on Marusya: the girl got out of bed and even began to play with the doll, laughing loudly. This first and last joy of the girl's short life became a turning point in her relationship with her father.

Upon learning of the loss, the father tried to wrest a confession from his son by force, but the anger and fury of the father, on the contrary, gave determination to the protagonist: he was ready for the fact that his father would throw, break, that his body would “helplessly beat in the strong and frantic hands of“ a man whom he loved and hated at that moment. Fortunately, the "frantic violence" did not have time to smash the son's love to smithereens: Tyburtsy Drab intervened, who came to tell the sad news about the death of Marusya and return the doll.

It was this vagabond, who, in his words, had a “big quarrel” with the law, managed not only to reconcile father and son, but also to enable the servant of the law to take a different look at “bad society”. His words that Vasya was in "bad society", but did not do a bad deed, allowed the father to believe in his son. “The heavy fog that hung over the soul of the father” dissipated, and the son’s long-restrained love flooded into his heart like a stream.

After the sad scene of farewell to Marusya, the author speeds up the time of the events described: the childhood of young heroes is quickly passing by, and now Vasya and Sonya have “winged and honest youth” ahead. And you can be sure that they will really grow up as real people, because they have passed a difficult but necessary test of humanity.

The problem of social inequality, raised by Vladimir Korolenko in the story, allowed everyone to think about adult problems already at a young age. The work teaches to show mercy and kindness to their loved ones, and to those who find themselves in a difficult situation. Maybe then our modern society will cease to be "bad"?

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Hosted at http://www.allbest.ru/

Introduction

In our life we meet many people who act "like everyone else", "as is customary." There are other people - there are very few of them, and meetings with them are precious - meetings with people who act as the voice of conscience tells them, never deviating from their moral principles. By the example of the life of such people, we learn how to live. Such an amazing person, the "moral genius" of Russian literature was Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko, who created works that to this day remain permanent textbooks of morality, more than one generation of children grew up on them.

Reading a work of art, we try to understand the main thing that the author wanted to convey to us. Writers introduce us into the world of human relations, trying to awaken in our souls kind and sincere feelings, interest and respect, respect for a person.

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko, possessing a unique literary talent, managed to penetrate the secrets of the human soul and show that the greatest gift given to a person is a sensitive heart, capable of perceiving the condition of other people, understanding them, penetrating into their inner world, sympathizing with them, sharing with them joy and sorrow. The writer himself possessed such a gift - a sensitive heart. At the heart of his worldview are compassion, sympathy, the feeling of someone else's pain as his own.

"In Bad Society" is one of Korolenko's signature works. The action takes place in an environment where only a very loving heart can reveal glimpses of human consciousness - in a gathering of thieves, beggars and various crazy people sheltering in the ruins of an old castle in one of the Volyn towns. Society is really "bad". The author resisted the temptation to make his outcasts Protestants against public untruth, "humiliated and insulted", although he could do this very easily, having at his creative disposal the colorful figure of Pan Tyburtius, with his subtle wit and literary education. All the gentlemen "from the castle" regularly steal, drink, extort - and, however, the son of the "pan judge", having accidentally become close to the "bad company", did not take anything bad out of him, because he immediately met high examples of love and devotion. Tyburtsiy really did something ugly in the past, and in the present he continues to steal and teach his son the same, but he loves his little daughter, slowly melting in the dungeon. And such is the power of any true feeling that everything bad in the life of a “bad society” bounces off the boy, only the pity of the whole society for Marusa is transmitted to him, and all the energy of his proud nature is directed to alleviate the sad existence of this girl.

Hypothesis: "it is better to have a piece of a human heart in your chest instead of a cold stone"

Purpose of the work: to find evidence in favor of the fact that Vasya changed under the influence of meeting new friends and chose the path of goodness, as well as to find out what moral lessons we can learn by observing the relationship of the hero with representatives of the "bad society".

To achieve our goals and confirm the hypothesis, we put forward the following tasks:

1. Analytical reading of V.G.Korolenko's story "In Bad Society".

2. Compilation of characteristics of the main character and analysis of his behavior in various life circumstances.

3. Revealing the changes that happened to Vasya after meeting new friends.

4. The study of literature on the topic.

5. Generalization and systematization of the material.

1. The story of V.G. Korolenko "In a bad society"

analytical story korolenko hero

The story is told on behalf of the boy Vasya. He is the son of a judge. The judge is perhaps the only representative of the law in a small town, a "town" located in the southwest of the Russian Empire. From the very first pages of the story, the image of the city attracts attention.

"Sleepy, moldy ponds", "gray fences", "blind-sighted huts gone into the ground" - all this creates the image of a town living a shallow life, in which there are no vivid feelings and events.

And against this background, the story of Vasya unfolds - an unfortunate child who suddenly became lonely and orphaned with a living father.

Vasya's mother died when he was six years old. Since that time, the boy felt constant loneliness. The father loved the mother too much when she was alive, and did not notice the boy because of his happiness. After the death of his wife, the grief of the man was so deep that he withdrew into himself. Vasya felt grief from the fact that his mother had died; the horror of loneliness deepened, because the father turned away from his son "with annoyance and pain." Everyone considered Vasya a tramp and a worthless boy, and his father also got used to this idea.

Why did the boy start to wander? The answer is simple.

The hero "did not meet greetings and affection" at home, but not only this made him leave the house in the morning: he had a thirst for knowledge, communication, goodness. He could not reconcile himself with the musty life of the town: “It always seemed to me that somewhere out there, in this big and unknown light, behind the old fence of the garden, I would find something; it seemed that I had to do something and that I could do something. do something, but he just didn't know what.

In search of this "something" Vasya tried to disappear from the house, the house without love, without participation. It is no coincidence that he compares himself with a "young wolf cub", useless to anyone and only annoying those around him with his unhappy appearance and behavior. Perhaps Vasya's only outlet was his little sister. But communication with her was also limited, because the nanny saw him as a threat and was afraid of his bad influence on the girl.

“Sister Sonya was four years old. I loved her passionately, and she repaid me with the same love; but the established view of me as an inveterate little robber erected a high wall between us. noisily and briskly, the old nanny, always sleepy and always tearing, with closed eyes, chicken feathers for pillows, immediately woke up, quickly grabbed my Sonya and carried away to her, throwing angry glances at me; in such cases, she always reminded me of a disheveled mother hen, I compared myself with a predatory kite, and Sonya with a little chicken. I became very bitter and vexed. No wonder, therefore, that I soon stopped all attempts to entertain Sonya with my criminal games, and after a while it became crowded in the house and in the kindergarten, where I did not meet with anyone greetings and affection. I began to wander.

How much pain, despair and longing in these words!

However, neither the feeling of loneliness, nor the indifference of his father - nothing could drown out in the boy the thirst for knowledge of life, interest in the world around him, the desire to know its secrets, until this led Vasya to the old chapel, among the ruins of which Vasya found sincere and devoted friends, learned how to To truly love and understand others.

Valek knew Vasya as the son of a judge, considered him a barchuk, touchy and decided to teach him a lesson so that he would lose interest in the chapel forever. But Valek liked Vasya's courage, determination, readiness to accept an open battle, and he did not raise his hand to Vasya. In turn, Vasya was pleased with the appearance of Valek in the chapel: after all, he was a living person, not a ghost. Although Vasya was ready to stand up for himself, at the first opportunity to avoid a fight, he willingly unclenched his fists. Vasya immediately felt sympathy for the tall and thin, like a reed, boy with pensive eyes and for his little sister.

"I moved a little away from the wall and, according to the knightly rules of our bazaar, also put my hands in my pockets. This was a sign that I was not afraid of the enemy and even partly hinted at my contempt for him.

We stood facing each other and exchanged glances. Looking at me from head to toe, the boy asked:

Why are you here?

So, - I answered. - What do you care? My opponent moved his shoulder, as if intending to take his hand out of his pocket and hit me.

I didn't blink an eye.

I'll show you! he threatened. I pushed my chest forward.

Well, hit ... try! ..

The moment was critical; the nature of further relations depended on it. I waited, but my opponent, giving me the same searching look, did not move.

I, brother, and myself ... too ... - I said, but more peacefully.

Meanwhile, the girl, resting her little hands on the floor of the chapel, also tried to climb out of the hatch. She fell, got up again, and finally moved with unsteady steps towards the boy. Coming close, she grabbed hold of him tightly and, clinging to him, looked at me with surprised and somewhat frightened eyes.

This decided the matter; it became quite clear that in this position the boy could not fight, and I, of course, was too generous to take advantage of his uncomfortable position.

Mutual sympathy grows when Vasya cordially invites them to his home, expresses sincere surprise at the impossibility of being friends and, most importantly, his firm intention to keep the secret revealed to him. Vasya likes Valek's independence and the way the children treat each other: Marusya, going up to Valek, tightly grabbed him, pressed herself against the tenderness. Valek stood stroking the girl's blond head with his hand.

For Valek and Marusya, who felt rejected, friendship with Vasya was a great joy of life. Vasya not only constantly gave them delicacies, which she had never seen, but, most importantly, he brought great animation to their boring, joyless existence. Vasya started funny games, laughed out loud, told Marusa fairy tales.

The girl was very happy with Vasya and his gifts: her eyes lit up with a spark of delight; her pale face... flashed with a blush, she laughed... For Valek, Vasya was the only comrade with whom he could talk, play, and make bird traps. He valued his friendship with Vasya so much that he was not even afraid of the wrath of Tyburtius, who forbade initiating anyone into the secret of the dungeon.

Vasya also appreciated the resulting friendship. In his life he really lacked friendly attention, spiritual intimacy, real friends. Comrades in the street at the first check turned out to be cowardly traitors who left him without any help. Vasya, by nature, was a kind and faithful person. When he felt that he was needed, he wholeheartedly responded to it. Valek helped Vasya get to know his own father better. In friendship with Marusya, Vasya invested that feeling of an older brother, that care that at home prevented him from showing towards his sister. It’s still difficult for Vasya to understand why Marusya is so strikingly different from his sister Sonya in appearance and behavior, and Valek’s words: “The gray stone sucked the life out of her” do not clarify, they only exacerbate the feeling of regret felt by Vasya even more. towards friends.

Behind the epithets and comparisons that characterize Marusya, we feel the emotional power of the artistic word, we see Vasya's excitement, his feelings. In the portrait of Marusya, the most important emotional elements are easily detected; a pale, tiny creature, like a withered flower grown without the rays of the sun; she walked ... badly, stepping uncertainly with crooked legs and staggering like a blade of grass; her hands were thin and transparent; the head swayed on a thin neck, like the head of a field bell; almost never ran and laughed very rarely; her laughter sounded like the smallest silver bell; her dress was dirty and old; the movements of her thin hands were slow; the eyes were a deep blue in the pale face.

The touching tenderness of the narrator, which comes through in his every word about the girl, draws attention to himself, sad admiration of her beauty (blond thick hair, turquoise eyes, long eyelashes), bitter regret about the bleak existence of the child.

Sonya was the exact opposite of Marusa. Comparing the appearance of Marusya and Sonya, who was round like a donut and elastic like a ball, ran briskly, laughed loudly, wore beautiful dresses, you come to the conclusion about the cruel injustice of the laws that reigned in life, dooming the innocent and defenseless.

The whole atmosphere of the dungeon made a painful impression on Vasya. He was not so much struck by the very spectacle of the gloomy underground crypt, but by the fact that people live in it, while everything testifies to the impossibility of human stay in the dungeon: the light that barely breaks through, the walls of stone, wide columns, closing up with a vaulted ceiling. But the saddest thing in this picture was Marusya, barely standing out against the background of the gray stone as a strange and small misty speck that seemed about to blur and disappear. All this amazes Vasya, he clearly imagines how cruel, cold stones, closing in strong hugs over the tiny figure of a girl, suck the life out of her. Having witnessed the unbearable living conditions of a poor girl, Vasya finally fully realizes the terrible meaning of Tyburtsy's fatal phrase. But it seems to the boy that it is still possible to fix it, to change it for the better, one has only to leave the dungeon: "Let's go ... let's get out of here ... Take her away," he persuades Valek.

After meeting Valek and Marusya, Vasya felt the joy of a new friendship. He liked to talk with Valek and bring gifts to Marusya. But at night, his heart sank from the pain of regret, when the boy thought about the gray stone that sucks life out of Marusya.

Vasya fell in love with Valek and Marusya, missed them when he could not come to them on the mountain. Not seeing friends was a great deprivation for him.

When Valek told Vasya directly that they were beggars and they had to steal in order not to die of hunger, Vasya went home and wept bitterly from a feeling of deep grief. His love for his friends did not diminish, but was mixed with "a sharp stream of regret, reaching the point of heartache."

At first, Vasya was afraid of Tyburtsy, but after promising not to tell anyone about what he saw, Vasya saw a new person in Tyburtsy: "He gave orders, like the owner and head of the family, returning from work and giving orders to the household." Vasya felt like a member of a poor but friendly family and stopped being afraid of Tyburtsy.

Under the influence of new friends, Vasya's attitude towards his father also changed.

Let us recall the conversation between Valek and Vasya (chapter four), Tyburtsiy's statement about the judge (chapter seven).

The boy believed that his father did not love him, and considered him bad. The words of Valek and Tyburtsy that the judge is the best person in the city made Vasya take a fresh look at his father.

Vasya's character and his attitude to life after meeting with Valek and Marusya have changed a lot. Vasya learned to be patient. When Marusya could not run and play, Vasya patiently sat next to her and brought flowers. The character of the boy showed compassion and the ability to alleviate the pain of others. He felt the depth of social differences and realized that people do not always do bad things (for example, steal) because they want to. Vasya saw the complexity of life, began to think about the concepts of justice, loyalty and human love.

This rebirth of the hero is especially clearly seen in the chapter "Doll"

In the episode with the doll, Vasya appeared before us as a person full of kindness and compassion. He sacrificed his peace and well-being, incurring suspicion so that his little friend could enjoy a toy - for the first and last time in her life. Tyburtsy saw this kindness of the boy and himself came to the judge's house at a time when Vasya was especially ill. He could not betray his comrades, and Tyburtius, as a man of insight, felt this. Vasya sacrificed his peace for the sake of Marusya, and Tyburtsy also sacrificed his secretive life on the mountain, although he understood that Vasya's father was a judge: "He has eyes and a heart only as long as the law sleeps on his shelves ..."

The more significant are the words of Tyburtsy addressed to Vasya: "Maybe it's good that your path ran through ours"?

If a child from a wealthy family learns from childhood that not everyone lives well, that there is poverty and grief, then he will learn to sympathize with these people and pity them.

Tyburtsiy Drab was an unusual person in the small town of Knyazhie-Veno. Where he came from in the town, no one knew. In the first chapter, the author describes in detail the "appearance of Pan Tyburtsiy": "He was tall, his large features were roughly expressive. Short, slightly reddish hair stuck out apart; a low forehead, a slightly protruding lower jaw and a strong mobility of the face resembled something monkey; but the eyes, sparkling from under the overhanging eyebrows, looked stubbornly and gloomily, and sharp insight, energy and intelligence shone in them, along with slyness. The boy felt a constant deep sadness in the soul of this man.

Tyburtsy told Vasya that once upon a time he had "a certain clash with the law ... that is, you understand, an unexpected quarrel ... oh, fellow, it was a very big quarrel!" We can conclude that Tyburtsiy inadvertently broke the law, and now he and his children (his wife apparently died) are outside the law, without documents, without the right to reside and without means of subsistence. He feels like "an old toothless beast in his last lair", does not have the opportunity and means to start a new life, although it is clear that he is an educated person and he does not like such a life.

Tyburtius and his children find shelter in an old castle on the island, but Janusz, a former servant of the count, together with other servants and descendants of servants, drives out strangers from his "family nest". The exiles settle in the dungeons of the old chapel in the cemetery. To feed themselves, they engage in petty theft in the city.

Despite the fact that he has to steal, Tyburtius keenly feels injustice. He respects Vasya's father, who does not make a difference between rich and poor and does not sell his conscience for money. Tyburtsy respects the friendship that began between Vasya, Valek and Marusya, and at a critical moment comes to Vasya's aid. He finds the right words to convince the judge of the purity of Vasya's intentions. With the help of this person, the father looks at his son in a new way and begins to understand him.

"He quickly came up to me and put a heavy hand on my shoulder";

"Let the boy go," repeated Tyburtsiy, and his broad palm lovingly stroked my lowered head";

"I again felt someone's hand on my head and shuddered. It was my father's hand, gently stroking my hair."

With the help of the selfless act of Tyburtius, the judge saw not the image of a tramp son, to which he was accustomed, but the true soul of his child:

“I raised my eyes inquiringly at my father. Now another person was standing in front of me, but in this particular person I found something familiar, which I had been looking for in vain in him before. He looked at me with his usual thoughtful look, but now there was a shade in this look surprise and as if a question. It seemed that the storm that had just swept over both of us had dispelled the heavy fog hanging over the soul of my father. And only now my father began to recognize in me the familiar features of his own son.

Tyburtsy understands that the judge, as a representative of the law, will have to arrest him when he finds out where he is hiding. In order not to put the judge in a false position, Tyburtsy and Valek disappear from the town after the death of Marusya.

Friendship with disadvantaged children helped Vasya's best inclinations, kindness, returned good relations with his father, played a major role in choosing a life position

Conclusion

Vasya lives according to the laws of his heart, and he responds to the heartfelt participation, warmth and attention of those who are called "bad society." However, the social status of these people does not close their spiritual qualities from him: sincerity, simplicity, kindness, striving for justice. It is here, in "bad company", Vasya finds real friends and goes through the school of true humanism.

The story of a boy's friendship with the children of the underground is the story of his inner rebirth. After the death of his mother, Vasya's life in his home became difficult. The boy moved away from everyone, became isolated, "grew like a wild tree in the field." His life completely changed after meeting Valek and Marusya. In the soul of the child woke up love, responsiveness, compassion, the ability to be caring. For the first time, Vasya learned what hunger is, how hard it is to live without your own home, how scary it is when you are despised.

He did not condemn his friends for stealing. The boy realized that this was the only way for them not to die of hunger. Thanks to Valek, Vasya changed his mind about his father, became proud of him. And the story with the doll not only showed all the best qualities of the boy, but also helped to destroy the barrier between him and his father.

It is no coincidence that Tyburtsy remarked: "Maybe it's good that your path ran through ours." Vasya also realized how much his acquaintance with the children of the dungeon gave him. Therefore, he did not forget Marusya, he constantly visits her grave.

The story of VG Korolenko is a lesson of mercy and love for people. The author tells readers: "Look around! Help those who are in trouble! And then our world will become a better place."

Vasya and Sonya came to the grave of Marusya, because for them the image of Marusya became a symbol of love and human suffering. Maybe they made a vow to always remember about little Marusa, about human grief and help this grief wherever it occurs, to change the world for the better with their deeds.

The story of V. G. Korolenko "Children of the Underground" teaches each of us to put ourselves in the place of another person, to see the world through the eyes of other people, to understand it in the same way as they do. One must be able to sympathize with a person, sympathize with him, be tolerant towards other people.

In conclusion, I want to quote the wonderful words of the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy: "Mercy consists not so much in material benefits as in spiritual support. Spiritual support consists primarily in non-judgment of one's neighbor and respect for his human dignity."

Bibliography

1. Byaly G.A. "V.G.Korolenko". - M., 1999

2. Korolenko V.G. "Stories and Essays". - M., 1998

3. Fortunatov N.M. "V.G.Korolenko". - Gorky, 1996

Hosted on Allbest.ru

...

"In a bad society" V. G. Korolenko - the history of creation

Many students are interested in the question, how many pages are in the work? The volume is small, only 70 pages.

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko (1853-1921)

Vladimir Korolenko wrote the text "In Bad Society" while in exile in Yakutia (1881-1884). The writer finalized the book already in St. Petersburg, in 1885, while in the house of preliminary detention.

An opus was published, the genre of which was defined as a story, in the same year in the journal Russian Thought.

The story was reprinted many times, after a few years was changed and released under the name "Children of the Underground". Today, the story, the meaning of the title and the theme of which is the hard life of the poor and destitute, is recognized as the pinnacle of the writer's work.

Main characters and their characteristics

The main character of the work is the boy Vasily. The child lives with his father in the Southwestern Territory, in the town of Knyazhye-Veno.

The city, which was mainly inhabited by Poles and Jews, is described by the author in such a naturalistic way that it is easy to recognize Rivne at the end of the 19th century.

The boy's mother died when the baby was only six. The father is immersed in work. His profession is a judge, he is a respected and rich man. Having plunged into work from grief, the father did not indulge the child with attention and care.

The boy could freely leave the house unaccompanied, therefore he often walked aimlessly around the city, carried away by the discovery of its secrets and mysteries.

One of the city's mysteries is the old castle on a hill among the ponds. Once this majestic building was the residence of a real count, but now it is abandoned and has given shelter only to a group of impoverished vagrants.

A conflict flares up between the inhabitants of the ruins, some of the beggars are thrown into the street. "Winners" remain to live in the castle. This is old Janusz, who once served the count, a group of Catholics and several other former servants.

The poor fellows expelled from the count's residence "moved" to the basement not far from the abandoned chapel.

The head of this group of beggars calls himself Pan Tyburtsy. Pan is a mysterious and ambiguous person. Almost nothing is known about his past.

Some of his brothers in misfortune consider him a magician, others - an exiled impoverished nobleman.

Tyburtsy gave shelter to two orphans, Valka and his sister Marusya. Vasya meets both groups of beggars. Janusz invites the boy to visit, but the child is more interested in Marusya and Valk.

The old, intelligent servant Janusz, with whom Vasya still maintains a relationship, reproaches the boy for his friendship with the "bad company", which he considers the second group of beggars.

Vasily thinks a lot about his unfortunate father, recalls his mother, reflects on how he became close to his sister Sonya after the death of his parent.

Vasya and his friends go to the chapel to see Marusya and Valk. Children begin to be afraid of a mysterious place and scatter in all directions before reaching it. Vasily alone enters an abandoned building, meets with Valk and Marusya. The orphans are glad to have a guest, invite him to come more often, but keep the meetings a secret from the strict Pan Tyburtsy, who is their foster father.

The main character visits new friends as often as he can. From a certain moment, Vasya notices that Marusya is feeling worse and worse. The girl's adoptive father is sure that her life is sucked out by a gray stone. It is understandable, life in damp dungeons is unsafe for children.

Vasily sees how Valek is forced to steal a bun in order to bring it to his hungry sick sister. The protagonist condemns a homeless boy for his wrong deed, but pity in him is stronger than a sense of justice.

The child is very sorry for Marusya, who was stricken with illness. Coming home, Vasya cries.

Vasily quite by accident runs into Pan Tyburtsiy. The boy is a little scared, but the man and the child very quickly find a common language and become friends. The old servant Janusz from the castle complains to the judge about "bad company".

Chapters 8 - 9

Marusya's health is deteriorating. Vasily often visits with new friends.

In order to somehow please the sick girl, Vasya asks his sister to give him the doll. She gives it away without asking permission from her father. Upon discovering the loss, the parent becomes angry.

Vasily cannot take the toy from the sick girl; she is delirious, clutching the doll to her, as a symbol of the last hope. Vasya's father locks him at home.

After a while, the story with the doll ends. Pan Tyburtsy brings the toy to Vasya's home. The man says that Marusya gave her soul to God, tells father Vasily about the friendship of their children. Papa lets Vasya say goodbye to Marusya.

Tyburtsy and Valek leave the town. A little later, almost all the other tramps disappear. Vasya and his family come to the grave of a friend. Having matured, Vasily and Sonya pronounce vows over the grave of Marusya and leave their hometown.

Analysis of the work "In Bad Society"

Schoolchildren study this strong, lyrical and very sad classic in the fifth grade, but the story can be just as interesting and useful for adults.

Korolenko incredibly authentically made a description of such a rare phenomenon as real, strong, absolutely disinterested friendship. Quotes from the history of Vasya and the "underground children" will not leave anyone indifferent.

Conclusion

After finishing reading a book, schoolchildren and students often write reviews or leave brief marks in the reader's diary. It is worth noting the following main idea for yourself: at the end of the story, the main character Vasily began to relate in a completely different way not only to his dad, but also to himself.

Having drawn conclusions from everything that happened, the boy learned to sympathize with the grief of others, to be loving, understanding and sympathetic.

5th grade, literature

The date of the:

Lesson #61

Theme of the lesson: Analysis of an episode from the story of V. G. Korolenko "In a bad society."

Lesson type: combinedlesson.

Target : to help students understand and comprehend the ideological content of the story;to teach partial analysis of a work of art through the study of text, paintings by Russian artists, creative works of children; improve the skill of expressive reading, the ability to express one's thoughts orally and in writing;respect for a person’s personality, regardless of his social affiliation and material wealth, the ability to objectively evaluate the answer of a classmate, using the example of V.G Korolenko’s story “In Bad Society”, to show that material wealth does not always lead to happiness, cultivating a culture of communication, developing the ability to listen and consider the opinion of others.

Planned results:

Cognitive UUD: to form the ability to realize the importance of reading for further learning, to understand the purpose of reading; present the content of the read text concisely, selectively.

Regulatory UUD: independently formulate the topic and objectives of the lesson; have the ability to set goals, the ability to plan work, perform self-control, self-assessment, reflection.

Communicative UUD: to form the ability to argue their proposal, to convince and yield; to form the ability to negotiate, to find a common solution; own monologue and dialogic forms of speech; listen and hear others.

Forms of organization of cognitive activity: collective, frontal, individual.

Teaching methods: verbal, practical, problem questions, partially search.

Equipment: literature textbook, notebook.

During the classes:

Checking homework, reproduction and correction of students' basic knowledge.

Greetings. Check readiness for the lesson. Identification of missing .

Motivation of educational activity of students. Messages topics, goals, objectives of the lesson and the motivation of the educational activities of schoolchildren.

At home, you have finished reading the story "In Bad Society."

We continue with you, led by a man - the legend Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko, to seek truth, truth and justice, in which the writer believed.

Perception and primary awareness of new material, understanding of connections and relationships in the objects of study.

Teacher's explanation: The main theme of the work is poverty, both material and spiritual. Being a humanist writer, Korolenko pays great attention to this social problem in the work, making you think about your own priorities in this matter.

Each chapter of the work reveals the characters from a new side. We see what they were at the beginning of the story, and what they became after the events that took place in their lives.

Physical education for the eyes

The eyes need to rest. (close eyes)
You need to take a deep breath. (take a deep breath with closed eyes)
The eyes will run around. (open eyes, move them in a circle)
Blink many, many times (blink your eyes often)
The eyes got better. (lightly touch the eyes with your fingers)
All my eyes will see! (open eyes wide and smile).

4. Primary verification of understanding of what has been learned, primary consolidation of what has been learned.

- How many storylines can be identified in Korolenko's work? Let's single outVasya's lifeline (note the problem of Vasya's relationship with his father) andthe lifeline of the Tyburtsia family . The intersection of these lines leads to a change in Vasya's life and in the life of this family.

- What did friendship with Valek and Marusya bring to Vasya?
After meeting Valek and Marusya, Vasya felt the joy of a new friendship. He liked to talk with Valek and bring gifts to Marusya. But at night, his heart sank from the pain of regret, when the boy thought about the gray stone that sucks life out of Marusya.

The plot-compositional plan of the story

I. Ruins. ( exposition .)
1. Death of mother.
2. Prince-town.
3. Castle on the island.
4. The expulsion of residents from the castle.
5. A new refuge for exiles.
6. Tyburtsy Drab.
7. Children of Tyburtsy.
II. Me and my father. ( exposition .)
1. Vasya's life after the death of his mother.
2. The attitude of the father to the son.
3. The boy's double grief. "Horror of Loneliness"
4. Experiences of the father.
5. Vasya and his sister Sonya.
6. Vasya explores the life of the city.

III. I am making a new acquaintance. (Tie.)
1. Start of the tour.
2. Study of the chapel.
3. Flight of the boys.
4. Mysterious whisper.
5. The appearance of a boy and a girl.
6. First conversation.
7. Acquaintance.
8. New friends escort Vasya home.
9. Return home. Conversation with a fugitive.

IV. The acquaintance continues. ( Action development I.)
1. Gifts for Valek and Sonya.
2. Comparison of Marusya and Sonya.
3. Vasya's attempt to arrange a game.
4. Talk about a gray stone.
5. Conversation between Valek and Vasya about Tyburtsia and Vasya's father.
6. A new look at the father.
V. Among the gray stones. ( Development of action .)
1. Meeting Vasya with Valek in the city.
2. Waiting at the cemetery.
3. Descent into the dungeon. Marusya.
4. Conversation with Valek about theft and poverty.
5. Vasya's new feelings.
VI. Pan Tyburtsy appears on the stage. ( Development of action .)
1. Vasya comes to visit friends again.
2. A game of hide and seek.
3. Tyburtsy catches and questions Vasya.

5. Summing up the lesson (reflection) and reporting homework.

The main message of the author in this work is that poverty is a whole social layer of problems, one way or another affecting the spiritual side of every person. The author suggests starting to change the world for the better from oneself, showing mercy and compassion, and not becoming deaf to the problems of others, which in essence is spiritual poverty.

What great fellows you are, what wonderful conclusions you have drawn, how many moral lessons you have learned for yourself! And now I would like to consolidate your knowledge and conduct a blitz survey:

1) What was the name of the hero who had the disease of "gray stones"? (Marusya )

2) With whom does Vasya compare the wooden bridge? (decrepit old man )

3) What color were Valek's eyes? (black )

4) Which of the heroes had a scarlet ribbon woven into their hair? (Sonya )

5) What did Vasya consider the best architectural decoration of the city? (jail )

6) Who told the city judge about the stolen doll? (Tyburtium )

7) Which of the heroes was called a tramp? (Vasya )

8) What was the name of the hero who told children various stories about screams coming from underground? (Janusz )

9) What did Vasya admire about Valek? (seriousness, responsibility ).

Who did not allow Vasya to play with his younger sister? (nanny )

10) What brought Marusya back to life for a while? (doll )

11) Which of the heroes said about himself that he would not allow himself to spit in the mess? (Turkevich )

Creative work - compiling syncwines.

Let's repeat what cinquain is. (1 line - one noun expressing the main theme of the syncwine.

Line 2 - two adjectives expressing the main idea.

Line 3 - three verbs describing actions within the topic.

Line 4 - a phrase that carries a certain meaning.

Line 5 - conclusion in the form of a noun (association with the first word).

Sincwine 1 c. -Vasya Marusya - 2nd c.

Lonely, kind Sad, small

Helps, supports, suffers Starving, sick, fading away

Brings a doll for Marusya Gray stone sucks out life

Mercy Poverty

Grading.

Homework: Prepare a quote for your favorite character.

Usually, schoolchildren go through the work of Viktor Korolenko according to the program, so writing an essay based on the story "In Bad Society" by Korolenko is an integral part of the educational process. We will now briefly consider the plot of the story, talk about the main character and, in general, analyze the story "In Bad Society".

The plot of the story

On our website you can read a summary of "In Bad Society", but, nevertheless, we will briefly analyze the plot now. The main character's name is Vasya, he has a younger sister, and the children live with their father, having been left without a mother early. The father, however, loves the younger Sonya more, but pays almost no attention to Vasya. And then one day Vasya and the boys come across the ruins of an ancient chapel, where an old crypt is abandoned nearby. A mention of this must be included in the essay on the story "In Bad Society" by Korolenko. It turns out that people live in this crypt - they lead the existence of beggars and all of a strange origin.

Vasya, whom his friends had long abandoned alone at the chapel, made friends with a boy named Valek. He also has a younger sister, who is sick and cannot be cured due to poverty. This acquaintance is key in the analysis of the story "In Bad Society", because after that Vasya learns about the father of the guys and the leader of the "bad" society - Tyburtsy Drabe. This is a mysterious person, many are afraid of him, because despite his good education, his behavior resembles some kind of sorcerer. Drab is against the communication of children, but the guys do not leave their friendship.

Further events develop in such a way that Vasya and dad, after all, are improving relations, although sad events precede this - Marusya dies without showing off. Since Vasya brought her his sister's doll, Tyburtsiy subsequently goes to Vasya's father to thank him for his son. When preparing an essay on the story "In Bad Society", do not forget to provide a number of quotations that more fully reveal the key episodes.

A little about the main character

Thanks to the analysis of "In Bad Society" you will notice what character traits are inherent in the main character Vasya. He is brave, kind, sympathetic and generous. The poverty of his new acquaintances did not alienate them; on the contrary, these people became his friends. Of course, Vasya is still very young, and in many respects for this reason, social status does not play any role for him. Valek, for example, is a beggar. And Vasya's father has a respected position - he is a well-known judge in the city. But the main character Vasya does not look at this difference in status.

It must be said that Vasya never cared about food, but when his new friends needed food, he entered into their position, and more than once supplied Valka and Marusya with apples. Soon Vasya learns that Valek is ready to steal for the sake of food for his sister, but he does not condemn him. We can conclude that the main character Vasya was not afraid of the "bad" society, his friendship is from the bottom of his heart, sincere and real.

Conclusions in the analysis of the story "In Bad Society"

Although most often this work is studied in the fifth grade, it is no secret that the story is interesting to everyone: both children and adults. If an adult didn't read it when they were young, it's definitely worth taking some of your time to catch up. After all, Korolenko described a strong, true friendship, which you will not meet often, but it exists. And hardly anyone will remain indifferent after reading this story.

It doesn’t matter if you are writing an essay on the story “In Bad Society”, or if you just want to bring out something useful for yourself, note the following: the main character Vasya has radically changed his attitude not only to his own father, but also to himself. He realized that he was capable of being responsive and kind, understanding and loving.

We hope that the analysis of the story "In Bad Society" by Korolenko turned out to be useful for you, visit our Blog more often - there are many articles on literature and analyzes of works.