Portrait genre presentation. Fine art genre - portrait
Determine the theme of the lesson yourself …………………….. Look at this face; art, he is casually depicted on canvas, as an echo of thought but determine the topic of the lesson yourself
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Look at this face; art he
Carelessly depicted on canvas
Like an echo of an unearthly thought,
Not quite dead, not quite alive;
The cold gaze does not see, but looks
And everyone, not liking, will surprise;
There are no words in the mouth, but they should be:
Such mouths are born for words;
Look: the face seems to have moved away
From the canvas - and a pale brow
Only because it is not scary for the eyes,
What we know: not a thunderstorm of passions
She gave him that painful color
And that there are no feelings and hearts in this chest.
Oh my god, how many people have I seen
Insignificant - in front of my picture,
whose soul lived less,
What promises the appearance of this chela.
M.Yu.Lermontov.
The history of the development of the portrait genre.
What types of portraits are there?
Foreshortening or turning the head in a portrait
The proportions of a person's face.
What is a portrait?
Very often we meet with portraits in ourlife is in galleries and exhibition halls, at home
(photographs), at school (portraits of writers,
scientists, musicians), in the books that you
read.
The portrait painter always strives not to
only to the transfer of external resemblance, but also to
revealing the inner world of his hero, his
moods. Looking at the portraits, we learn
what were the morals at that time, clothes
SO WHAT IS A PORTRAIT??? What is a portrait?
Portrait (French portraire - portray)
Portrait - a genre of fine art
art, image of one person
or groups of people, transmission of external,
personal resemblance, character
man and his spiritual world. Portrait
reflects the era in which he lived
depicted person. History of development
portrait genre.
The portrait genre is known in the world
art from the deepest antiquity and not
has lost its meaning to the present day. 1. Ancient Egypt
(sculptures).
Hatshepsut, queen
Egypt
Nofret, wife of the prince
Rahotep
Nifertiti wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten 3. Ancient Greece
(idealized
portraits of poets
philosophers, public
figures)
Pericles 450 BC
Socrates 3rd century BC Gaius Julius Caesar
lifetime portrait
4. Ancient Rome.
Interest in
specific
man,
reflection
individual
crap.
Marcus Aurelius 2nd century AD
Cicero 2nd century BC 5. Epoch
Renaissance.
(First
appeared
portrait
resemblance to
portrayed
human)
(Leonardo da Vinci,
Raphael, Titian)
7. Russian portrait of the XVIII-XIX centuries
Breakthrough in portraituregenre in Russia
happened in petrovskoye
time.
Series appear
noble portraits
people permeated
lyricism and
spirituality.
(F.S. Rokotov, D.G. Levitsky,
V.L. Borovikovsky) 10. In the 20th century
Image
realistic
changed to
abstract
images.
(Picasso, Vrubel)
"Family of an acrobat with a monkey"
Pablo Picasso
"Woman with a flower"
"Mirror" What types of portraits are there?
1.Ceremonial portrait
2.Chamber portrait
3. Self-portrait.Vasnetsov
Leonardo da Vinci
Issac Levitan 4. Group portrait
Dirk Jacobs. group portrait
corporations amsterdam shooters
(Nine riflemen of the company). 1561 4. Caricature. Engraving:
"Portrait of George Washington", fragment
1 dollar bill, 1863
Oil:
Van Gogh, "Self-portrait", 1889
year Relief:
"Gonzaga Cameo", stone carving, 3rd century BC. e.
Sculpture:
Unknown sculptor, "Portrait of Peter the Great",
18th century
Photo portrait:
Alberto "Cordo" Gutierrez, "Portrait of Che Guevara"
1960 Angle (head turn)
face
Full face
Profile Leonardo da Vinci
Human face proportions
Defining lines: imagine the head as a ball flattened from the sides. Ballbisected horizontally and vertically. The face is divided horizontally into three
equal parts: hairline, eyebrow line and nose line.
The location of the parts of the face: the eyes are located between the horizontal middle
line and brow line. The base of the nose is in the middle between the line of the eyebrows
and the base of the chin. The lower lip is located in the middle between the base
nose and chin, and the ears occupy the space from the eyebrow line to the base
Dedicated to the transfer of the image of one person, as well as a group of two or three people on canvas or paper. The style chosen by the artist is of particular importance. Drawing a person's face in a portrait is one of the most difficult areas in painting. The master of the brush must convey the characteristic features of appearance, emotional state, and the inner world of the posing person. The size of a portrait determines its appearance. The image can be bust, generational, half-length or full-length. The pose involves three angles: face (full face), turn "three quarters" in one direction or another and in profile. A portrait as contains unlimited possibilities for the realization of artistic ideas. First, a sketch is made, then the drawing itself.
History of the portrait genre
The oldest attempt to depict a human face dates back 27,000 years. The "painting" was discovered in a cave near the French city of Angouleme. The portrait is a contour outlined in chalk, vaguely resembling the features of a human face. The ancient artist outlined the main lines of the eyes, nose, mouth. Later (also in caves) in the Balkans and Italy, clearer and more definite images began to appear, among which faces drawn in profile predominated. It is human nature to create, talented people cannot live without leaving some trace behind. It can be a pattern laid out of pebbles in the middle of a field, a carved ornament on the bark of a tree, someone's face drawn with charcoal on a rock. Opportunities for creativity are plentiful.
stucco images
Once upon a time, the portrait genre tended to be embodied in sculpture, since in ancient times there were no artists who thoroughly mastered the brush and were able to convey the play of light and shadow. The image of a face in clay was better, and therefore in those distant times it was stucco portraits that dominated. The art of painting appeared much later, when mankind realized the need for cultural communication.
Burials
The appearance of images close to the drawing also belongs to a later period, and the first portraits were found in the ancient eastern territories. In the Egyptian state, the deification of the dead took place. During the burial, a kind of portrait was created, which was conditionally considered a double of the deceased. The principle of mummification appeared, and then portraiture. The history of the portrait genre contains many examples of iconic images in both drawing and sculpture. The drawings of the faces of the dead became more and more similar to the original. And then copying the face of the departed to another world was replaced with a mask. The Egyptian dead began to be buried in sarcophagi, on the lid of which the deceased was depicted in full growth with a beautiful stylized face. Such funerals were arranged exclusively for the nobility. Egyptian pharaohs, for example, were placed not only in a sarcophagus, but also in a tomb, which was a huge structure.
Variety of solutions
The artist has a choice when painting a portrait: depict the face and clothes of a person in accordance with the original, or be creative, creating an exquisite creative picture. The main condition for this remains the similarity, which plays a dominant role. Independent - portrait art, open to experiments of the widest spectrum. The artist has the opportunity to improve his skills, applying the latest technical achievements.
Indeed, the execution technique is decisive for achieving the optimal result. The most common way of portrait painting by professional artists is This style is rooted in the depths of centuries. It was used by ancient artists. Their work has survived to this day. The portrait as a genre of fine art has existed since time immemorial, and today it is a popular means of artistic expression.
"Dry brush"
Recently, a technique has become popular when the image is created not with strokes, but by rubbing a small amount of paint. At the same time, the brush is almost dry, and the method itself allows you to get beautiful halftones. Since the most subtle genre of painting is a portrait, and the image of a face in paints requires precisely delicate shades, the "dry brush" technique is the best suited for this purpose.
Types
The genre of the portrait is divided into several types: ceremonial, chamber, intimate and plot. There is also a special type called self-portrait, when the artist depicts himself. As a rule, this is a purely individual drawing. In general, the portrait genre is completely independent, subject to certain rules. These rules are never violated, although their scope may be extended under certain circumstances.
In addition to those already listed, there is another genre of portraiture, which includes special artistic features, a specialized variety that requires a systematic approach. This is a costumed portrait, when a modern person is depicted on the canvas in the clothes of the past. The range of subjects is not limited: from the skins worn by a primitive man to the wedding dress of the Renaissance. In this portrait variety there are elements of theatricality. In the Russian Federation, especially in Moscow, the costumed portrait was widely used, but this did not happen for the sake of fashion, but rather as a tribute to art.
Genre of portraiture in art
Picturesque canvases, written at different times, are united by one obligatory condition - the pictures must be authentic. An important role is played by the portrait component, in other words, the image of the faces of the characters. The success of the picture depends on how carefully the facial features are written out. The expression of the eyes, smiles or, conversely, frowned eyebrows, all the nuances should be reflected on the canvas. The task is not easy, but the reliability factor testifies to the skill of the artist. That is why the portrait genre in art is so unambiguous and requires full dedication from the master. Experienced artists are best at paintings that involve people, close-ups of their faces and accentuated movement.
Literary portraits
Writers, as well as artists, quite often depict a person's face. There are much more literary techniques for this, the rich Russian language allows the use of numerous artistic forms, turns of phrase and phrases. The goal that the writer is striving for is identical in meaning to the artist’s intention, the writer describes facial expressions as a result of a person’s moods, a reflection of his thoughts, emotions and experiences. the portrait is rather complicated. It is necessary to describe, avoiding superficial formulations. This requires the skill of a true creator. Among Russian writers who are able to express in a few words the essence of the human form, the great Maxim Gorky occupies the first place. His American follower also masterfully mastered the art of verbal portrait drawing. The genre of a literary portrait is diverse, the description follows a certain style, it can be cheerful or sad, short or lengthy, it all depends on each individual work.
Photo
With the advent of daguerreotype, the possibilities of fine art expanded, and portraits were no exception. A photographic portrait cost much less than an oil painting, and recognition was one hundred percent. And although artists caustically remarked that photography was for the poor, "the general public turned towards a more accurate image on a silver-plated plate. The portrait photography genre quickly became fashionable, there was no end to those who wanted to capture themselves and their loved ones.
However, the new method, the daguerreotype, had its drawbacks. Photography, unlike a picturesque portrait, did not allow changing anything. The image froze once and for all, it was impossible to fix something. And given that the person was photographed sitting or standing (in a tense pose), then he did not come out in the picture in the best way. Therefore, there were many disappointments, claims and discontent. Nevertheless, portrait shots took root, people learned how to pose artistically, and everything fell into place.
The purpose of the lesson: To get acquainted with the history of the development of the portrait genre; To get acquainted with the history of the development of the portrait genre; See different images in the works of famous artists, made in different styles. See different images in the works of famous artists, made in different styles. Learn to analyze works of art and develop your own aesthetic assessment. Learn to analyze works of art and develop your own aesthetic assessment. Develop the ability to communicate with works of art. Develop the ability to communicate with works of art. Raising a patriotic attitude towards the Motherland. Raising a patriotic attitude towards the Motherland.
The history of the portrait The first samples of the portrait are sculptural and belong to Ancient Egypt. This was followed by the flowering of the portrait in antiquity, the decline of the genre in the Middle Ages, new discoveries, the rise and transition to the technique of easel painting in the Renaissance, and then further development in subsequent centuries...
The oldest known attempt to depict a human face dates back 27,000 years. It was discovered in the Villonere cave near the city of Angouleme (France). The "portrait" was made with chalk on the natural bulges of the wall, resembling a face in shape. Drawn horizontal lines of the eyes and mouth and a vertical stripe indicating the nose.
The ancient Greeks did not have a portrait in the strict sense of the word for a long time. It was their custom to reward the winners of sports games with statues of them in public places, but these were the ideal figures of athletes who depicted them only in general terms, idealized, and were executed according to the ideal canon of beauty. The Hellenic republics even forbade public figures and private individuals to order their realistic portraits, believing that they could develop vanity in citizens and contradicted the principle of equality between them.
Only in the 5th century BC. for the first time, real portrait herms and statues appeared among the Greeks. The realistic direction was finally established in the portrait sculpture in Hellenistic art under Alexander the Great, thanks to Lysippus and his brother Lysistratus, who was the first to mold masks from nature. Hellenistic portraits, while retaining the principle of typification characteristic of Greek artists, incomparably more convey not only the features of the external appearance, but also various shades of the emotional experience of the model. From the end of the 5th century BC e. the ancient Greek portrait is becoming more and more individualized, eventually gravitating towards the dramatization of the image.
The development of the ancient Roman portrait was associated with an increased interest in the individual person, with the expansion of the circle of those portrayed. The basis of the artistic structure of many ancient Roman portraits is a clear and scrupulous transmission of the unique features of the model, while maintaining the unity of the individual and the typical.
The medieval artist, limited by strict church canons, rarely turned to the portrait. The personal beginning in his understanding was dissolved in religious catholicity. During the Middle Ages, a realistic, naturalistic portrait is very rare. The simplified and standardized features of the depicted character make it possible to identify him only with a certain social role.
Portrait of the Middle Ages More or less the portrait begins to return to art since the 22nd century, remaining, nevertheless, in subordinate roles. It is part of the church architectural and artistic ensemble, preserved in tombstones, on coins and in book miniatures (especially in portraits of customers who were offered books.
The turning point in portraiture, which again came to prominence, came in the Renaissance. It was associated with a change in the ideology of the era. The Renaissance man was full of humanistic realism, that is, he loosened the fetters of religion and believed in the power of the individual, began to consider himself the measure of all things, and therefore he came to the fore in art
Portrait of Mannerism Mannerism - (Italian manierismo, from maniera manner, style), a trend in European art of the 16th century, reflecting the crisis of the humanistic culture of the High Renaissance. A style in art based on the assimilation of the manner of some great master or a certain art school.
El Greco In the art of Mannerism, the portrait loses the clarity of Renaissance images. It reveals features that reflect a dramatically disturbing perception of the contradictions of the era. The compositional structure of the portrait is changing. Now it has an accentuated sharpness and richness of spiritual expression.
Among the famous portrait masterpieces of that time is Michelangelo da Caravaggio's Lute Player (), in which the artist develops a motif taken from real everyday life.
PORTRAIT 17th century In the 17th century, the highest achievements in the portrait genre were created by the heirs of the Netherlandish painting. By this time it had split into two independent branches, the Flemish and Dutch schools. For the artists of these schools, the portrait became more and more important, and the technique improved significantly.
Barely crossed the threshold separating the XVII century. from XVIII, we will see in the portraits a different breed of people, different from their predecessors. The drawing of portraits by artists Antoine Watteau (), Francois Boucher () and others is light, mobile, their coloring is full of graceful overflows, it is characterized by a combination of exquisite halftones.
One of the ingenious sculptural portraits of world art is the monument to Peter I by the French sculptor Etienne Maurice Falconet (), erected in St. Petersburg in the years.
PORTRAIT 19th century 19th century introduced into the art of portraiture the variability of artistic tastes, the relativity of the concept of beauty. Innovative searches in painting are now directed towards rapprochement with reality, towards the search for the diversity of images. In the period of romanticism, the portrait is perceived as an image of the inner “I” of a person endowed with free will.
Real romantic pathos appears in the portrait of F. Chopin by the French romantic artist Eugene Delacroix ().
Portrait of the 20th and 21st centuries. In the portrait art of the XXI century. conditionally, two directions can be distinguished. One of them continues the classical traditions of realistic art, singing beauty and grandeur. Man, the other is looking for new abstract forms and ways of expressing his inner world.
Generalization and consolidation of knowledge What is a portrait? How did the portrait genre develop? What influences the development of the portrait genre? Into what periods can the history of the portrait be divided? When is the oldest portrait dated? What is "mannerism" and what are its features? Name the artists and their works that were discussed in the lesson today. What are the features of the modern portrait genre? What is the relationship between painting and music?
Homework Artistic and creative task Prepare an album, a newspaper, an almanac, a computer presentation (optional) on the topic “Portrait genre in the culture of different times”. Include in them information about artists, sculptors, graphic artists, as well as poems, prose passages, fragments of musical works that are consonant with the images of your portrait gallery.
Summing up Did you like the lesson? Did you like the lesson? What interested you the most? What interested you the most? What new did you learn? What new did you learn? Mark with an icon in your notebook what sensations, emotions the lesson evoked in you. Mark with an icon in your notebook what sensations, emotions the lesson evoked in you.
GENRES OF ART
The art of portraiture was born several millennia ago. The first images of a person were not painted with paints. These were huge stone statues of the Egyptian pharaohs. They were created not only to glorify the formidable ruler for centuries. The statues of the pharaohs were not only portraits, they were also doubles of those depicted.
The image of a person's face in sculpture and painting has always fascinated artists, but in some eras the portrait genre flourished especially. So it was in ancient Rome and in the Renaissance. But the greatest flourishing of portraiture falls on the 17th century, which gave the world such great masters as Rembrandt Harmes van Rijn, Anthony van Dyck and Diego Velasquez. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn Self Portrait Rembrandt Portrait of an Old Man in Red
In Russia, the flowering of portrait art began in the 18th century. F. Rokotov, D. Levitsky, V. Borovikovsky created exquisite and sophisticated portraits of brilliant aristocrats. The lyrical and indescribably mysterious charm of Alexandra Struyskaya was captured by the master of the portrait F. Rokotov. F. S. Rokotov "Portrait of A. P. Struyskaya". V. L. Borovikovsky "Portrait of M. I. Lopukhina." 1797. Tretyakov Gallery. O.A. Kiprensky “Portrait of A.S. Pushkin.
Russian artists of the 19th century turned to portraits of people who became famous not for their nobility, but for their talent and love for the people. Their portraits do not amaze with external brilliance. They convey the true appearance of a person, the complex world of human character. Many magnificent portraits were created by I. Repin, V. Serov. They preserved for us the images of their contemporaries. I.E. Repin V.A. Serov
V.A. Serov "Girl with peaches" V.A. Serov "Portrait of the actress Yermolova".
I. N. Kramskoy "Self-portrait" I. N. Kramskoy "Portrait of L. N. Tolstoy". 1873 Tretyakov Gallery. I. N. Kramskoy. "Unknown". 1883. Tretyakov Gallery.
"Portraits of Kiprensky" - Self-portrait 1808 Characteristic features of portrait painting of the 19th century. In the portrait, simplicity and integrity of the idea, noble richness of colors. "Portrait of a boy Chelishchev". "Portrait of V.A. Zhukovsky". "Portrait of E.I. Chaplitsa". Creative biography of the artist. “Portrait of K.N. Batyushkov. "Portrait of D. Davydov" 1809
"Portrait of a teacher" - Psychological portrait of a teacher. Good, bad and none Captains on the ship's bridge. Thus, in the development of psychological competence, the main role is assigned to self-improvement, professional and personal self-awareness, and the allocation of one's professional positions. Good luck to you, debutants and aces.
"Portrait in music" - M.I.Dunaevsky. N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov. Howl who's there? Opera. Who drives the clouds with a broom? The theme of the Princess is the Swan. "Portraits in Music". They dance. Who's moaning there? M.I. Dunayevsky. Who's there? Accent - stress in music. They sing. Belochka theme. P.I. Chaikovsky. In the dark depths of the night? draw a picture for the play "Baba Yaga".
"Russian portrait of the 18th century" - Portrait of Grigory Grigorievich Orlov. 1762-1763 Portrait of a lady of state A.M. Izmailova. Rokotov showed the loftiness of the image of a young woman. An energetic turn of the head gives the portrait a noble pathos. The portrait depicts a high-society beauty who knows the power of her irresistible charm. Portrait of G.R. Derzhavin. 1811.
"The Art of the Portrait" - Or Groups of People, Renaissance Portrait. Basic principles of the development of the portrait genre. Portrait of the 20th and 21st centuries. Portrait of Peter Paul Rubens 1590 A. Durer "Self-portrait". What influences the development of the portrait genre? PORTRAIT 19th century. What is a portrait? G. Holbein Jr. "Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam". The Man in the Mirror of Art: The Genre of the Portrait.
“Russian portrait of the 18th century 1” - The appearance of E. Naryshkina fully corresponds to the ideal of her time. F. Rokotov. Portrait of V.Novosiltseva. The artist depicts girls in theatrical and festive elation. Portraits of "Smolnyanok". A. Matveev "Self-portrait with his wife." Portrait of Nelidova. Portrait of Alexandra Struyskaya. I. Nikitin "Portrait of Chancellor G. Golovkin."
