Basic laws of the Russian Federation on education. Law on preschool education

In 2018, changes were made to improve the quality of education and the comfort level of pupils. The adoption of this bill is aimed at providing citizens with a sufficient number of places in kindergartens. This issue is quite acute today, because due to the inability to enroll a son or daughter in a preschool institution, thousands of Russian women cannot start working and raise the material level of their families.

Law on Preschool Education 2018

The adoption of the law involves a number of changes to the previously existing bill. The latest changes will help make preschool education more accessible and convenient for both children and their parents.

The law provides for the solution of the main issues related to:

sending children to preschool institutions,
the right to receive certain services,
actions in case of lack of places in the selected garden.

SAVE THIS FOR YOURSELF SO YOU DON'T LOSE:

In the journals "Handbook of the Head of a Preschool Institution" and "Handbook of the Senior Educator of a Preschool Institution" important materials for the leaders of the preschool educational institution were published:

1. What should be the kindergarten development program? 2. Social partners: who and how useful preschool

Knowing all the intricacies of the new bill will help parents quickly navigate a controversial situation and know the procedure for successfully resolving them. Innovations also affected the order, the age of registration of kids in kindergarten and the possibility of obtaining a place in an institution on a preferential basis. Educators will also be able to learn about their rights to provide a certain range of educational and educational services. The bill is aimed at correcting shortcomings in the system of preschool education in order to improve the overall functioning of this area.

Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution

This bill regulates all the subtleties of the work of kindergartens - from the recruitment of groups to the features of educational programs. The law grants the right to receive free pre-school education to absolutely all children, regardless of their place of residence and registration in the country.

Previously, only 40 percent of preschool children were given places in kindergartens. To date, it happens that the heads of preschool institutions refuse to accept the baby in the kindergarten. Adoption law on the education of a preschool institution governs this issue. Until recently, it was easier to arrange a place in the garden from the age of three. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to decide in a nursery. Gradually, this situation will be resolved by introducing new places for children from one and a half years old on a paid basis.

From 2018, all children from the age of three to seven years old should be admitted to kindergarten if there are unoccupied places in the preschool institution.

Features that take into account the law on the education of a preschool institution

In 2018, amendments were made to the bill, which provide for the regulation of the following issues.

The total number of permanent detention groups in kindergartens will be reduced by 1.5 times.
Parents will have the opportunity to send their children to, which operate exclusively on the basis of educational, absolutely free.
Special counseling centers will start working. In them, families who need support will be able to receive psychological, pedagogical and advisory assistance.
Kindergartens receive the right (and not only the obligation) to provide care, supervision of children in the institution and their upbringing.
The law provides for compensation for a fee of 20 percent for the first child, 50 for the second, 70 for the third, and all subsequent ones. Mandatory payment for services is regulated depending on the pricing in the market in full.
Kindergartens receive the right to refuse to provide places for babies aged one and a half, two, three years and older in case of their absence.
Parents of pupils have the right to queue for a free place in another preschool institution.

Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution provides in the future for the possibility of obtaining the right for families of children to invite caregivers to the home for one and a half year old pupils. It is planned to create pre-school groups at schools, as well as increase the number of private kindergartens.

New career opportunities

Try for free! Training program: Management, economics and quality management in preschool educational institutions. For passing - a diploma of professional retraining. Training materials are presented in the format of visual notes with video lectures by experts, accompanied by the necessary templates and examples.

Who will receive preferential education in a preschool institution

Innovations in the legislation provide for the design of a place in the garden without the need to stand in line for the following persons.

Orphans, adopted children, as well as those who are under guardianship or left without parental care.
Pupils whose families have suffered due to the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
Children whose parents are orphans or are without parental care at the age of 18-23.
Pupils whose parents are employees of the prosecutor's office, the Investigative Committee or the police.
Disabled parents, single mothers, large families, children of kindergarten workers, children with a brother or sister studying in this institution can also receive registration without a queue.
Children whose parents serve in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

When will children be able to enroll in kindergarten?

It provides for granting the right to children from three to seven years old to study in preschool institutions free of charge. The opportunity to enter the kindergarten directly depends on the availability of places in the chosen institution. The workload and admission of children to groups is carried out taking into account the internal regulations of a particular children's organization.

Actions in case of lack of space for children in preschool

Law on Preschool Education 2018 gives the family of the child to write a special application for the purpose of registering the baby in another kindergarten. If a parent is denied admission to their children, they can write a complaint to the City Education Department. This application must be considered and an appropriate decision taken.

If in this department the parents receive a refusal to register the child in a preschool institution, you can go to the prosecutor's office or write a letter to the President to get help in resolving the controversial situation.

Innovations that provide for amendments to the legislation guarantee significant changes in the field of preschool education.
By reducing the number of children in groups, it becomes possible to provide an individual approach to each child, and the burden on educators is reduced.
Certain categories of citizens will have the opportunity to send their children to kindergarten without having to stand in line to get a place.
Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution regulates the age of admission to kindergarten, as well as the need for reform in the nursery.

Changes in legislation guarantee an increase in commercial kindergartens, in which there will certainly be enough places for all pupils. Parents do not have to stand in line for years to go to work and provide quality care for their baby.

Compliance with the rules and regulations that are provided for by current legislation is guaranteed both in public and private kindergartens. The bill regulates the basic norms of preschool education, which must be followed by all institutions.

The Law on Education in the Russian Federation - 273 FZ, adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, it fully regulates the field of education in our country. For leaders, this document is a reference book, a kind of Bible, which they must know and strictly observe all the provisions. It is desirable that both parents and students of various educational institutions also get acquainted with the main provisions of the Law.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article it is impossible to analyze in detail the entire Law, each of its paragraphs. We will analyze the key, most important provisions that can help many consumers of educational services, since the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" is applied in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.

Basic concepts

Education is a single purposeful process of educating and educating a person, a set of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, attitudes. The goal is to form a comprehensively developed citizen with a high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.

It is a mistake to believe that education consists only in obtaining information. We are using terms incorrectly here.

Education is the purposeful acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Education is a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the individual, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and norms should occur.

Education includes training (acquisition of knowledge and skills), upbringing (mastering of generally accepted norms), physical development.

education requirement

A teacher is a person who carries out the educational process. He is in an employment relationship with an educational organization, performs certain job duties, receiving a salary for this. Before the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, there were no restrictions at the legislative level for accepting a teacher in a school or a kindergarten teacher. At school, it was quite normal to see a teacher as a person who himself hardly graduated at one time. In the absence of professional personnel, with low pay for teachers, few people went to pedagogical universities. The problem is exacerbated by the very low percentage of graduates who decide to link their lives with educational institutions.

Today the situation is different: the law "On Education in the Russian Federation" establishes a ban on teaching activities for persons who do not have the appropriate qualifications. In Art. 46 of the Law expressly establishes that a person who has graduated from a higher educational institution has the right to be an employee of education. Education alone is not enough. It will also be necessary to pass the additional specialization "Pedagogy", if the university or college of the applicant is not pedagogical.

Education document

The Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" provides for the issuance of supporting documents (certificate, diploma) for passing the following stages of education:

Basic general.
Average general.
Primary vocational.
Medium professional.
Higher education - bachelor's degree.
Higher education is a specialty.
Higher education - magistracy.

Education system

The Law "On Education of the Russian Federation" (latest edition) contains a hierarchy of the main components in a unified education system:

and instructions - these are regulatory documents, according to which schools, institutes, colleges, etc. are required to carry out educational activities. It does not matter the status of an educational organization: commercial, budgetary, state - if it has a license to issue the relevant documents, then it is obliged to carry out training based on standards .
Direct implementation of training: educational organizations, teaching staff, students, legal representatives.
Federal state bodies, authorities of subjects exercising control. The main role belongs to the Federal State Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Education (Rosobrnadzor). In the regions, this function is performed by the ministries of education of the regions. They monitor the implementation of state standards in educational institutions.
Organizations providing educational activities. In districts, district education committees are responsible for financing budget schools. They also carry out evaluation activities in the controlled territory of all schools.
Associations of individuals or legal entities engaged in educational activities. A striking example is the trade union of pedagogical workers.

Goals of Federal State Standards

The Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" assigns a key place to federal state standards. They perform the following tasks:

Unity of education. It follows that throughout the country, students receive the same level of education, which means equality of opportunity.
Continuity. Despite the dynamic development and reform of the education system, the introduction of new standards and requirements, the key task is to maintain continuity. It is impossible to completely destroy the entire system every year for the sake of momentary political or economic gain.
Variability. Despite the unity of education as a whole, the law on education in the Russian Federation excludes the rigid totalitarian framework of unity in obtaining it. Depending on the abilities, desires, time, various options for achieving certain tasks are created.
Guarantee. It follows that the state controls the unity of education throughout the country.

You can study at home! Forms of study

It is difficult for a Soviet person to imagine this, but the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" provides for education not only in educational institutions. Article 17 lists the acceptable forms of education:

In the traditional form - in specialized educational institutions.
In an alternative form - outside specialized educational institutions.

The traditional form is divided into:

Full-time.
Correspondence.
Part-time.

Distance learning is gaining popularity these days. In the age of information technology, it has become a reality to visit museums, theaters, rare exhibitions on the other side of the planet without leaving home. Information and communication technologies have also penetrated into education.

The Law "On Education of the Russian Federation" is a new law. However, he does not single out distance education in a separate category. The student is at home, prepares according to an individual schedule, listens to lectures remotely, using communication channels. Therefore, distance education belongs to the category of distance learning.

Alternative form

The child does not have to be sent to school today to receive the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" allows for such a possibility. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of education for each child.

Kinds

Obtaining a certificate outside the school is divided into two types:

Family education.
Self-education.

Family education involves the transfer of the function of education to the family. It is for this form that the state pays compensation. Of course, schools react very painfully to this. This is understandable: no one wants to be left without a salary. Judicial practice shows that the courts are completely on the side of the parents. The average compensation for a middle and senior student is about 10,000 rubles.

The problem of attracting child labor as cleaners

School duty is a tradition that we inherited from the Soviet past. Many parents still do not see a problem in washing floors by children as part of school duty. However, Article 34 of the Law directly provides for the consent of parents to such involvement of the child in labor. Classes in technology and labor training are obligatory. It is on them that students are legally required, in accordance with federal state programs, to be involved in work: sewing, cooking, woodworking. Everything else - only at the request of the parents.

Results

So, the main law that regulates the field of education is the Federal Law "On Education of the Russian Federation". Its articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, the competencies of local authorities, forms and types of education, the rules for final certification, etc. We analyzed the most interesting points of this Law in the article.

Chapter 7. General Education

Chapter 8. Vocational Education

Chapter 11. Features of the implementation of certain types of educational programs and education by certain categories of students

Chapter 14. International cooperation in the field of education

new basic law on education in Russia

Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law was developed in order to improve the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education and is a fundamental regulatory legal act in the field of education.

The law determines the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and the levels of vocational education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialist, master's degree; higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) . Another level of higher education is being introduced - the training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and assistant-internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various directions and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account the age characteristics, interests, abilities, level of education and professional qualifications of students.

The law expands the circle of subjects entitled to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities for access of "non-educational" organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law has a separate article dedicated to the regulation of the legal status of individual entrepreneurs engaged in educational activities.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students of educational institutions of vocational education.

The law has separate provisions on:

Credit-modular system of organization of the educational process and the system of credits;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including the mechanism for offsetting the results of mastering certain parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

The use of distance learning technologies in the educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process and others.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are regulated. In addition, models of economic activity in the field of education have been updated.

From the date of entry into force of this law, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" are recognized as invalid.

Russian Federation

THE FEDERAL LAW

ABOUT EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State Duma

Federation Council

Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Subject of regulation of this Federal Law

1. The subject of regulation of this Federal Law are public relations arising in the field of education in connection with the realization of the right to education, the provision of state guarantees of human rights and freedoms in the field of education and the creation of conditions for the realization of the right to education (hereinafter - relations in the field of education).

2. This Federal Law establishes the legal, organizational and economic foundations of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, the general rules for the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities, determines the legal status of participants in relations in the field of education.

Education is one of the main and most problematic areas of public administration. This is especially true for the preschool sector. The norm regulating such activities in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law “On Education”273 dated 12/29/2012. In recent years, the law on preschool education has undergone many changes, including amendments to the regulation of the preschool system.

General provisions

Article 64 of the Federal Law “On Education” states that preschool education should be aimed at creating conditions for the development of the cultural, physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal potential of any child, as well as strengthening and maintaining his health. The programs envisaged by law require taking into account the individual and age characteristics of children, the use of methods and forms characteristic of children in the preschool period.

For this form of education, no intermediate and final methods of monitoring progress and certification are provided. Legal representatives (parents) have the right to exercise for their child the so-called form of family education. Such an organization, subject to all the requirements established by the law on preschool education, has the right to free state support in the form of methodological, psychological, pedagogical, and advisory resources.

Fundamentals of moments in legislation

After the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, preschool education became an independent level of the general system. This fact had a decisive influence on the concept, seriously influenced the organization of preschool education.

Innovations are designed to provide greater accessibility in obtaining the necessary services. Knowledge of the main features of the regulatory document that has come into force will allow many parents to correctly orient themselves, based on the current law on preschool education.

Changes in the Federal Law affect important issues:

features of admission of children to kindergartens;
the procedure for providing educational services;
privileges;
the mode of operation of preschool institutions;
educational programs.

Kindergarten as the first step

Before most parents (even those who have recently had a baby or still have a baby in their arms), sooner or later the question of kindergarten arises. Preschool education, being the first stage of the general educational system, today does not have sufficient resources to provide all young citizens of the Russian Federation with their rightful place in a preschool institution.

The availability of preschool education for many families remains the main unresolved problem. The adopted federal law on preschool education regulates these issues to a certain extent and is designed to reduce the percentage of children who do not attend kindergarten. Whether it's good or bad - everyone decides for himself.

According to the new law on preschool education, every child, regardless of place of residence or registration in the Russian Federation, has the right to receive free preschool education. Currently, parents can enroll their baby in a nursery starting at 2 months old. The issue with nursery groups from 1.5 years on a paid basis is being resolved. A child must be taken to kindergarten when they reach the age of three. No educational institution has the right to refuse parents (legal representatives) in acceptance, subject to availability.

Amendments

The amendments to the federal law on preschool education (changes made in 2017) involve the regulation of a number of points in the system of preschool education:

Gradual decrease (by more than 1.5 times) in the number of permanent stay groups in the children's institution.
Giving the child the right to receive free education if the parents have chosen a group that operates only on an educational basis.
The emergence of specialized counseling centers, where parents and children receive psychological, pedagogical and advisory support.
Preschool institutions are given the right (not the obligation) to care for and look after the child within the walls of the institution, as well as to implement an educational function.
Compensation payments are foreseen for payment.
In the absence of places, the preschool institution retains the right to refuse to accept a child from one and a half to three years of age and older.
Legal representatives (parents) of a minor acquire the right to send an application for a place in another kindergarten, where there are opportunities for this.

Rules for registering a child in a preschool institution

First of all, it is necessary to send an application at the place of residence to a special department for the acquisition of preschool institutions. This form indicates the most suitable educational institution for the child. After that, representatives of the commission make an application to the database, and the minor is registered in the queue for a place in the specified garden. It should be borne in mind that the official administrative portal often indicates specific deadlines and the form for submitting an application.

Opportunities for electronic application to kindergarten

For the convenience of citizens when working with government agencies, there is a so-called electronic queue. This type of service can be used by the legal representative of the child. The deadlines for submission are also strictly specified on the portal.

For the implementation of the electronic application requires the availability of all necessary documents in electronic form. The rules and features of online registration are posted on the official pages of the Department of Education in special sections. Also here you can not only register, but also check your turn.

Conditions for preferential education in a preschool institution

Changes in the latest version of the law on preschool education relate to the provision of places in preschool institutions without a queue for certain categories of people.

orphans, children left without parental care, foster children, adopted children;
minors whose parents are victims of the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident;
children with orphans (or left without care), whose age ranges from 18-23 years;
children of representatives of the prosecutor's office, the investigative committee, law enforcement agencies;
minors with disabled parents, single mothers, from large families;
children of specialists working in preschool institutions, as well as those who have a brother or sister studying in this institution;
minors whose parents are in the service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

What to do if there is no space in the garden

The latest version of the Law on Preschool Education of the Russian Federation contains amendments that give parents the right to write an additional application for transferring a child to another institution.

In the event that parents are denied admission without existing regulatory grounds specified in the Federal Law, they have the right to file a complaint with the city administration. The received appeal must be considered without fail, and a decision must be made within the time limits established by law.

If the application is refused or if the decision is not in favor of the child, the parents have the right to go to the prosecutor's office or other higher authorities in order to resolve such a situation.

State compensation for paying for a preschool institution

According to the amendments to art. 65, in paragraph 5, preschool education is divided into:

education implemented within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard, provided free of charge;
babysitting services that parents must pay for.

By law, parents have the right to receive financial support from the state or compensation for paying for these services when registering a child in a kindergarten. The amount of payments is regulated by legislative acts and the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation.

For the first child, compensation cannot exceed 20%, 50% for the second, 70% for the third and subsequent. The fixed fee is regulated depending on market conditions for a particular period.

Persons entitled to receive state support are strictly defined by the framework of the current legislation. These include:

parents of a minor (mother, father);
relatives in whose name the power of attorney is issued by the parents;
legal representatives of the child;
specialists of guardianship and guardianship bodies assigned to pupils.

Exemption of parents from payment

On the basis of amendments to Article 65, paragraph 3 of the law on preschool education of the Russian Federation regulates benefits or complete exemption from fees for preschool education for a certain category of pupils. Which ones, will be discussed in the example below.

Thus, according to the laws of the Russian Federation on preschool education, fees in state institutions that implement preschool educational standards should not be charged for supervision and care of pupils.

This measure applies to parents of disabled children, children with tuberculosis intoxication, minors left without parental care, and orphans.

This decision is aimed at ensuring the rights and implementation of support for vulnerable and socially unprotected segments of the population, the solution of whose problems is given a special place at the state level.

Opportunities for the development of commercial gardens

Changes in the law on preschool education have a direct impact on the formation of a system of private educational practice. These opportunities are guaranteed in the law by removing certain restrictive measures that regulate the right to provide services in the field of education.

An increase in the number of non-state institutions that are not under state care will, to some extent, reduce the queue for state institutions.

Ensuring the quality provision of educational services in accordance with the requirements and norms of the law on the education of preschool institutions, both from municipal institutions and from private kindergartens, will ensure that the needs of preschool children are met.

The implementation of the tasks set will allow many parents to be involved in social processes in society in a timely manner, to return to their previous place of work or to acquire new knowledge, to retrain for a more demanded specialty.

Amendments relating to financial security

From January 1, 2014, financial issues related to the costs of basic preschool educational programs were transferred to the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (as a system of school education).

Based on Art. 65, paragraph 4 of the Federal Law, for municipal state institutions there are a number of rules regarding financial security:

It is prohibited to include in the parental contribution the expenses for the main educational program or for the maintenance and property needs of the institution.
Payment for the provision of services aimed at looking after and caring for children should not exceed the maximum amount established in the framework of the regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and depends on the quality and characteristics of the service provided.

Commercial kindergartens that carry out basic preschool educational programs according to the Federal State Educational Standard are entitled to receive funding for their activities from the budget in the form of subsidies.

New version of the law

During the period from 2012 to 2018, the main educational document has undergone many transformations and, under the influence of critics, has been reformed more than once. These circumstances indicate how acute the problems of education are facing the state, including in the preschool sphere.

The latest version of the law on preschool education dated August 14, 2018, as succinctly and clearly formulates the solution of many previously uncovered issues. At the same time, guarantees are provided by the state to effectively change the education system as a whole.

In the updated version of the Federal Law "On Education" dated 01.01.2019, which has not yet entered into force, there are no changes regarding the basic laws of preschool education.

I. General provisions

1. This Model Regulation regulates the activities of state and municipal preschool educational institutions of all types.

2. For non-state preschool educational institutions, this Model Regulation is exemplary.

3. Preschool educational institution - a type of educational institution that implements the main general educational program of preschool education.

The state status of a preschool educational institution (type, type and category of an educational institution, determined in accordance with the level and direction of the educational programs it implements) is established upon its state accreditation, unless otherwise provided by federal laws.

A preschool educational institution provides education, training and development, as well as supervision, care and rehabilitation of children aged 2 months to 7 years.

4. A preschool educational institution creates conditions for the realization of the right guaranteed to citizens of the Russian Federation to receive public and free preschool education.

5. The main tasks of a preschool educational institution are:

protection of life and strengthening of the physical and mental health of children;
ensuring cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical development of children;
education, taking into account the age categories of children of citizenship, respect for human rights and freedoms, love for the environment, Motherland, family;
implementation of the necessary correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of children;
interaction with families of children to ensure the full development of children;
providing advisory and methodological assistance to parents (legal representatives) on the upbringing, education and development of children.

6. A preschool educational institution may carry out the rehabilitation of disabled children if there are appropriate conditions in it.

7. Preschool educational institutions include educational institutions of the following types:

kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in general developmental groups);

a kindergarten for young children (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in general developmental groups for children aged 2 months to 3 years, creates conditions for social adaptation and early socialization of children);

a kindergarten for children of preschool (senior preschool) age (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in general developmental groups, as well as, if necessary, in compensatory and combined groups for children aged 5 to 7 years with priority implementation of activities to ensure equal starting opportunities for teaching children in educational institutions);

a kindergarten for supervision and improvement (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in health-improving groups with the priority implementation of activities for the implementation of sanitary-hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures);

compensatory type kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in compensatory groups with the priority implementation of activities for the qualified correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of one or more categories of children with disabilities);

a kindergarten of a combined type (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of a general developmental, compensatory, health-improving and combined orientation in various combinations);

a kindergarten of a general developmental type with a priority implementation of activities in one of the areas of development of children (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of a general developmental orientation with a priority implementation of activities for the development of children in one of such areas as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic and aesthetic or physical)

child development center - kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in general developmental groups with the priority implementation of activities for the development of children in several areas, such as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical).

8. The main structural unit of a preschool educational institution is a group of preschool children.

In the case of creating groups in educational institutions of other types that implement the main general educational program of preschool education in accordance with the license, their activities are regulated by this Model Regulation.

Groups can have a general developmental, compensatory, health-improving or combined orientation.

In general developmental groups, preschool education is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an exemplary basic general educational program for preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program for preschool education and the conditions for its implementation.

In compensatory groups, qualified correction of deficiencies in physical and (or) mental development and preschool education of children with disabilities are carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an exemplary basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main the general education program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, as well as taking into account the peculiarities of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

Health-improving groups are created for children with tuberculosis intoxication, frequently ill children and other categories of children who need a set of special health-improving measures. In health-improving groups, preschool education of children is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an exemplary basic general educational program for preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program for preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, as well as a complex of sanitary and hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures.

In groups of combined orientation, joint education of healthy children and children with disabilities is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an exemplary basic general educational program for preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program for preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, taking into account the peculiarities of psychophysical development and the capabilities of children.

Groups can include both children of the same age and children of different ages (different age groups).

The groups also differ in terms of the time of stay of children and function in the mode of a full day (12-hour stay), shortened day (8-10 hour stay), extended day (14-hour stay), short stay (from 3 to 5 hours a day ) and round-the-clock stay. Groups operate in the mode of 5-day and 6-day working week. At the request of parents (legal representatives) it is possible to organize the work of groups also on weekends and holidays.

9. A preschool educational institution in its activities is guided by federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, decisions of the relevant state or municipal authority exercising management in the field of education, this Model Regulation, the charter of a preschool educational institution (hereinafter - charter), an agreement concluded between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives).

10. The language (languages) in which (which) education and upbringing is conducted in a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder and (or) the charter. In a preschool educational institution, conditions are created for the study of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation.

11. In order to fulfill its tasks, a preschool educational institution has the right to establish direct relations with enterprises, institutions and organizations, including foreign ones.

12. A preschool educational institution shall be responsible in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for:

performance of the functions defined by the charter;
implementation in full of the main general educational program of preschool education;
quality of implemented educational programs;
compliance of the applied forms, methods and means of organizing the educational process with the age, psychophysiological characteristics, inclinations, abilities, interests and needs of children;
life and health of children and employees of a preschool educational institution during the educational process.

13. In a preschool educational institution, the creation and implementation of the activities of organizational structures of political parties, socio-political and religious movements and organizations (associations) are not allowed. In state and municipal preschool educational institutions, education is secular.

II. Organization of activities of a preschool educational institution

14. A preschool educational institution is created by the founder and registered in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

15. The founder of the state preschool educational institution is the federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The founder of a municipal preschool educational institution is the local government.

16. Relations between the founder and a preschool educational institution are determined by an agreement concluded between them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

17. The rights of a legal entity in terms of conducting statutory financial and economic activities arise for a preschool educational institution from the moment of its registration.

A preschool educational institution independently carries out financial and economic activities, may have an independent balance sheet and a personal account (account) opened in the prescribed manner, a seal of the established form, a stamp and letterheads with its name.

18. The right to conduct educational activities and receive benefits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation arises for a preschool educational institution from the moment a license (permit) is issued to it.

19. A preschool educational institution undergoes state accreditation in the manner prescribed by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education".

20. A preschool educational institution may be created, reorganized and liquidated in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

21. The content of the educational process in a preschool educational institution is determined by the educational program of preschool education, developed, adopted and implemented by it independently in accordance with the federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program for preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, and taking into account the peculiarities of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

22. In accordance with the goals and objectives defined by the charter, a preschool educational institution may implement additional educational programs and provide additional educational services outside the educational programs that determine its status, taking into account the needs of the family and on the basis of an agreement concluded between a preschool educational institution and parents (legitimate representatives).

Paid educational services cannot be provided in exchange for and within the framework of the main educational activities financed by the founder.

23. The mode of operation of a preschool educational institution and the duration of stay of children in it are determined by the charter, the agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and the founder.

24. Catering in a preschool educational institution is assigned to a preschool educational institution.

25. Medical care for children in a preschool educational institution is provided by the health authorities. The medical staff, along with the administration, is responsible for the health and physical development of children, carrying out medical and preventive measures, observing sanitary and hygienic standards, regimen and ensuring the quality of nutrition. A preschool educational institution is obliged to provide premises with appropriate conditions for the work of medical workers, to monitor their work in order to protect and strengthen the health of children and workers of a preschool educational institution.

26. Pedagogical workers of preschool educational institutions must undergo a periodic medical examination, which is carried out at the expense of the founder.

III. Acquisition of a preschool educational institution

27. The procedure for staffing a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and is fixed in the charter.

28. Children aged from 2 months to 7 years are admitted to a preschool educational institution. Admission of children is carried out on the basis of a medical report, an application and documents proving the identity of one of the parents (legal representatives).

29. Children with disabilities, children with disabilities are accepted into groups of compensatory and combined orientation of a preschool educational institution only with the consent of their parents (legal representatives) on the basis of the conclusion of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission.

30. When accepting children with disabilities, children with disabilities in preschool educational institutions of any kind, the preschool educational institution is obliged to provide the necessary conditions for organizing corrective work.

31. The number of groups in a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder based on their maximum occupancy.

32. In groups of a general developmental orientation, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the age of the children and is:

from 2 months to 1 year - 10 children;
from 1 year to 3 years - 15 children;
from 3 years to 7 years - 20 children.

In different-age groups of a general developmental orientation, the maximum occupancy is if there are children in the group:

two ages (from 2 months to 3 years) - 8 children;
any three ages (from 3 to 7 years old) - 10 children;
any two ages (from 3 to 7 years old) - 15 children.

33. In groups of compensatory orientation, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the category of children and their age (up to 3 years and older than 3 years) and is:

for children with severe speech disorders - 6 and 10 children;
for children with phonetic and phonemic speech disorders only over the age of 3 years - 12 children;
for deaf children - 6 children for both age groups;
for hearing impaired children - 6 and 8 children;
for blind children - 6 children for both age groups;
for visually impaired children, for children with amblyopia, strabismus - 6 and 10 children;
for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system - 6 and 8 children;
for children with mental retardation - 6 and 10 children;
for children with mild mental retardation - 6 and 10 children;
for children with moderate mental retardation, severe only over the age of 3 years - 8 children;
for children with autism only over the age of 3 years - 5 children;
for children with a complex defect (having a combination of 2 or more deficiencies in physical and (or) mental development) - 5 children for both age groups;
for children with other disabilities - 10 and 15 children.

34. In health-improving groups, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the category of children and their age (up to 3 years and older than 3 years) and is:

for children with tuberculosis intoxication - 10 and 15 children;
for children who are often ill - 10 and 15 children;
for other categories of children who need a complex of special recreational activities - 12 and 15 children.

35. In groups of a combined orientation, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the age of children (under 3 years old and over 3 years old) and the category of children with disabilities and is:

up to 3 years - 10 children, including no more than 3 children with disabilities;
over 3 years old:
10 children, including no more than 3 deaf children, or blind children, or children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, or children with moderate, severe mental retardation, or children with a complex defect;

15 children, including no more than 4 visually impaired and (or) children with amblyopia and strabismus, or hearing impaired children, or children with severe speech impairments, or children with mild mental retardation;

17 children, including no more than 5 children with mental retardation.

IV. Participants in the educational process

36. Participants in the educational process of a preschool educational institution are children, their parents (legal representatives), teachers.

37. When admitting children to a preschool educational institution, the latter is obliged to familiarize parents (legal representatives) with the charter, license for the right to conduct educational activities, a certificate of state accreditation of a preschool educational institution and other documents regulating the organization of the educational process.

38. The establishment of the fee charged from parents (legal representatives) for the maintenance of a child in a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

39. The relationship between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives) is governed by an agreement that includes the mutual rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties arising in the process of raising, teaching, developing, looking after, caring for and improving children, the duration of the child's stay in a preschool educational institution , as well as the calculation of the amount of fees charged from parents (legal representatives) for the maintenance of a child in a preschool educational institution.

40. Relations between the child and the staff of the preschool educational institution are built on the basis of cooperation, respect for the personality of the child and granting him the freedom to develop in accordance with individual characteristics.

41. The procedure for staffing a preschool educational institution is regulated by the charter.

42. Persons with a secondary vocational or higher vocational education are allowed to teach in a preschool educational institution. The educational qualification of the said persons is confirmed by state documents on the appropriate level of education and (or) qualifications.

The following persons are not allowed to teach:

deprived of the right to engage in pedagogical activities in accordance with a court verdict that has entered into legal force;
having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for intentional grave and especially grave crimes;
recognized incompetent in accordance with the procedure established by federal law;
having diseases specified in the list approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare, social development, labor and consumer protection.

43. In the staff lists of preschool educational institutions providing education, training, development, supervision, care and rehabilitation of children with disabilities, children with disabilities, as well as correction of shortcomings in their physical and (or) mental development, if necessary, may be introduced additional positions of teachers-defectologists, teachers-speech therapists, speech therapists, educational psychologists, social educators, educators and other workers (depending on the category of children) within the limits of the appropriations allocated by the decision of the founder for these purposes.

44. The rights of employees of a preschool educational institution and measures of their social support are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the charter and the employment contract.

45. Employees of a preschool educational institution have the right to:

to participate in the management of a preschool educational institution in the manner determined by the charter;
to protect their professional honor, dignity and business reputation.

46. A preschool educational institution establishes:

wages of employees depending on the qualifications of the employee, complexity, intensity, quantity, quality and conditions of the work performed, as well as compensation payments (additional payments and allowances of a compensatory nature) and incentive payments (additional payments and allowances of an incentive nature, bonuses and other incentive payments) within budgetary appropriations allocated for wages;
the structure of managing the activities of a preschool educational institution;
staffing and duties of employees.

V. Management of a preschool educational institution

47. The management of a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", other legislative acts of the Russian Federation, this Model Regulation and the charter.

48. The management of a preschool educational institution is based on the principles of unity of command and self-government, which ensure the state-public nature of the management of a preschool educational institution. The forms of self-government of a preschool educational institution that ensure the state-public nature of management are the board of trustees, the general meeting, the pedagogical council and other forms. The procedure for the election of self-government bodies and their competence are determined by the charter.

49. Direct management of a preschool educational institution is carried out by a head who has passed the appropriate certification.

Employment of the head of a preschool educational institution is carried out in the manner determined by the charter, and in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

50. Head of a preschool educational institution:

acts on behalf of the preschool educational institution, represents it in all institutions and organizations;
manages the property of the preschool educational institution within the limits of the rights granted to it by the agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and the founder;
issues powers of attorney;
opens a personal account (account) in accordance with the established procedure in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
carries out hiring and placement of personnel, encourages employees of a preschool educational institution, imposes penalties and dismisses them from work;
is responsible for the activities of the preschool educational institution to the founder.

VI. Property and funds of the institution

51. For a preschool educational institution, in order to ensure educational activities in accordance with the charter, the founder, in the prescribed manner, assigns objects of property rights (buildings, structures, property, equipment, as well as other necessary property for consumer, social, cultural and other purposes).

A preschool educational institution owns, uses and disposes of the property assigned to it on the right of operational management in accordance with its purpose, charter and legislation of the Russian Federation.

Land plots are assigned to state and municipal preschool educational institutions in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A preschool educational institution is responsible to the owner for the safety and efficient use of the property assigned to it.

52. Financial support for the activities of a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A preschool educational institution has the right to attract, in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation, additional financial resources through the provision of paid additional educational and other services provided for by the charter, as well as through voluntary donations and earmarked contributions from individuals and (or) legal entities, including foreign citizens and (or) foreign legal entities.

A preschool educational institution has the right to conduct, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, income-generating activities provided for by the charter.

53. In the financial provision of small rural and pre-school educational institutions considered as such by state authorities and bodies exercising management in the field of education, costs that do not depend on the number of children should be taken into account.

54. Attraction by a preschool educational institution of additional financial resources specified in paragraph 52 of this Model Regulation does not entail a reduction in the amount of its financing at the expense of the founder.

55. The financial and material resources of a preschool educational institution assigned to it by the founder are used by the preschool educational institution in accordance with the charter and are not subject to withdrawal, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Upon liquidation of a preschool educational institution, financial resources and other objects of property, minus payments to cover their obligations, are directed to the development of education.