Dark alleys summary analysis of love. AND
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The cycle of stories by the outstanding Russian writer Ivan A “Dark Alleys” consists of 38 works. They reflect different layers of time and differ in the methods of creating images and genres. The writer created the last cycle of stories in his life during the Second World War, in last years own life. While from bloody war the established world was collapsing, he wrote about the power of feelings and eternal love. He considered his book “Dark Alleys” to be one of his most outstanding works and considered it the most perfect in artistic skill. The cycle of stories “Dark Alleys” is a memoir book in which the author, through people’s declaration of love for each other, confesses his own love for Russia and admires its deep mysterious soul.
The running theme of all the stories in the cycle is love, a great feeling in all its manifestations. The author considers love to be the greatest priceless gift which no one can take away from a person. Therefore, people are truly free only in love.
“Dark Alleys” is one of the stories in the cycle, which gave the title to the entire collection. This story was written in 1938. In it, as in other stories, the main theme is love. The author reveals to the reader the catastrophic and tragic nature of love. Love is a gift from above that is beyond human control. The story “Dark Alleys” is, at first glance, a banal story about a meeting of elderly people who, in their youth, loved each other very much. A young, rich and handsome landowner seduces and after a while abandons his maid. But with the help of a simple plot, they managed to impressively and excitingly tell about the seemingly simple things. This work is just a short flash of memories of lost love and youth. The story has only three compositional parts:
- Parking at the inn of an elderly military man.
- The sudden meeting of this military man with ex-lover.
- Reflections of the hero of the story about the meeting.
At the beginning of the story, we are presented with pictures of routine and everyday dullness. But suddenly, in the owner of the inn, tired Nikolai Alekseevich recognizes his young love - the beautiful Nadezhda, who served as his maid. He betrayed this girl thirty years ago. Nikolai Alekseevich “quickly straightened up, opened his eyes and blushed.” A whole life has passed since they broke up. It turned out that both heroes remained lonely. Although Nikolai Alekseevich has weight in society and is quite comfortable in life, he is unhappy. His wife “cheated on him, abandoned me even more insultingly than I did you,” and his son has grown very bad person"without heart, without honor, without conscience."
And Nadezhda, who said goodbye to her masters and turned from a former serf into the owner of a private hotel opened at the post station. Nadezhda is a “mind chamber.” And everyone, they say, is getting rich, cool.” But... She never got married. If the hero of the story is already tired of life, then his former lover is still beautiful, light and full of vitality. Nikolai Alekseevich once voluntarily renounced love, and the punishment for this was complete loneliness for the rest of his life, without a loved one and without happiness. Nadezhda, in the same way, all her life loved only one person, to whom she gave “her beauty, her fever,” whom she once called “Nikolenka.” Love for this man still lives in her heart, but she still does not forgive Nikolai Alekseevich...
Bunin’s series of stories “Dark Alleys” is the best thing written by the author in his entire creative career. Despite the simplicity and accessibility of Bunin's style, analysis of the work requires special knowledge. The work is studied in 9th grade in literature lessons, it detailed analysis will be useful in preparing for the Unified State Exam, writing creative works, test tasks, drawing up a story plan. We invite you to familiarize yourself with our version of the analysis “ Dark alleys” according to plan.
Brief Analysis
Year of writing– 1938.
History of creation- the story was written in exile. Homesickness, bright memories, escape from reality, war and hunger - served as the impetus for writing the story.
Subject– love lost, forgotten in the past; broken destinies, the theme of choice and its consequences.
Composition- traditional for a short story or short story. Comprises three parts: the arrival of the general, meeting with his former lover and hasty departure.
Genre- story (short story).
Direction– realism.
History of creation
In “Dark Alleys,” the analysis will be incomplete without the history of the creation of the work and knowledge of some details of the writer’s biography. In the poem by N. Ogarev “ An ordinary story“The image of dark alleys was borrowed by Ivan Bunin. This metaphor impressed the writer so much that he endowed it with his own special meaning and made it the title of a series of stories. All of them are united by one theme - bright, fateful, life-long love.
The work, included in the cycle of stories of the same name (1937-1945), was written in 1938, when the author was in exile. During the Second World War, hunger and poverty plagued everyone in Europe, french city Grasse was no exception. That's where everything is written best works Ivan Bunin. Returning to the memories of great times youth, inspiration and creative work gave the author strength to survive separation from his homeland and the horrors of war. These eight years away from home were the most productive and important in creative career Bunina. Mature age, wonderful beauty landscapes, reinterpretation historical events And life values- became the impetus for the creation of the main work masters of words.
At the very scary times the best, subtle, piercing stories about love have been written - the “Dark Alleys” cycle. In the soul of every person there are places where he looks infrequently, but with special trepidation: the brightest memories, the most “dear” experiences are stored there. It was precisely these “dark alleys” that the author had in mind when giving the title to his book and story of the same name. The story was first published in New York in 1943 in the publication “New Land”.
Subject
Leading topic- the theme of love. Not only the story “Dark Alleys,” but all the works in the cycle are based on this wonderful feeling. Bunin, summing up his life, was firmly convinced that love is the best thing that can be given to a person in life. She is the essence, the beginning and the meaning of everything: tragic or happy story– there is no difference. If this feeling flashed through a person’s life, it means he didn’t live it in vain.
Human destinies, the irrevocability of events, choices that one had to regret are the leading motives in Bunin’s story. The one who loves always wins, he lives and breathes his love, it gives him the strength to move on.
Nikolai Alekseevich, who made his choice in favor of common sense, only at the age of sixty understands that his love for Nadezhda was the best event in his life. The theme of choice and its consequences is clearly revealed in the plot of the story: a man lives his life with the wrong people, remains unhappy, fate returns the betrayal and deception that he committed in his youth towards a young girl.
The conclusion is obvious: happiness lies in living in harmony with your feelings, and not contrary to them. The problem of choice and responsibility for one's own and others' fate is also touched upon in the work. The issues are quite broad, despite the small volume of the story. It is interesting to note the fact that in Bunin’s stories, love and marriage are practically incompatible: emotions are swift and bright, they arise and disappear as quickly as everything in nature. Social status has no meaning where love reigns. It equalizes people, makes ranks and classes meaningless - love has its own priorities and laws.
Composition
Compositionally, the story can be divided into three parts.
First part: the hero’s arrival at the inn (descriptions of nature and the surrounding area predominate here). Meeting with an ex-lover - second semantic part– mainly consists of dialogue. In the last part, the general leaves the inn - he runs from his own memories and his past.
Main events– the dialogue between Nadezhda and Nikolai Alekseevich is built on two completely opposite views on life. She lives by love, finding consolation and joy in it, and preserves the memories of her youth. In this mouth wise woman the author puts in the idea of the story - what the work teaches us: “everything passes, but not everything is forgotten.” In this sense, the heroes are opposite in their views; the old general mentions several times that “everything passes.” This is exactly how his life passed, meaningless, joyless, in vain. Critics received the cycle of stories enthusiastically, despite its courage and frankness.
Main characters
Genre
Dark Alleys belongs to the short story genre; some researchers of Bunin's work tend to consider them short stories.
The theme of love, unexpected abrupt endings, tragedy and drama of plots - all this is typical for Bunin's works. It should be noted that the lion's share of lyricism in the story is emotions, the past, experiences and spiritual quests. General lyrical orientation - distinctive feature Bunin's stories. The author has unique ability– in small epic genre fit a huge period of time, reveal the soul of the character and make the reader think about the most important things.
The artistic means that the author uses are always varied: precise epithets, vivid metaphors, comparisons and personifications. The technique of parallelism is also close to the author; quite often nature emphasizes state of mind characters.
Bunin Ivan Alekseevich is one of best writers our country. The first collection of his poems appeared in 1881. Then he wrote the stories “To the End of the World”, “Tanka”, “News from the Motherland” and some others. In 1901 it was published new collection"Falling Leaves", for which the author received the Pushkin Prize.
Popularity and recognition come to the writer. He meets M. Gorky, A. P. Chekhov, L. N. Tolstoy.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Ivan Alekseevich created the stories "Zakhar Vorobyov", "Pines", " Antonov apples"and others, which depict the tragedy of a dispossessed, impoverished people, as well as the ruin of the estates of the nobles.
and emigration
Bunin perceived the October Revolution negatively, as a social drama. He emigrated in 1920 to France. Here he wrote, among other works, a cycle of short stories called “Dark Alleys” (we will analyze the story of the same name from this collection below). main topic cycle - love. Ivan Alekseevich reveals to us not only its bright sides, but also its dark ones, as the name itself suggests.
Bunin's fate was both tragic and happy. In his art he reached unsurpassed heights, the first of domestic writers received a prestigious Nobel Prize. But he was forced to live for thirty years in a foreign land, with longing for his homeland and spiritual closeness with her.
Collection "Dark Alleys"
These experiences served as the impetus for the creation of the “Dark Alleys” cycle, which we will analyze. This collection, in a truncated form, first appeared in New York in 1943. In 1946, the next edition was published in Paris, which included 38 stories. The collection differed sharply in its content from how the topic of love was usually covered in Soviet literature.
Bunin's view of love
Bunin had his own view of this feeling, different from others. Its ending was one - death or separation, no matter how much the characters loved each other. Ivan Alekseevich thought that it looked like a flash, but that’s what was wonderful. Over time, love is replaced by affection, which gradually turns into everyday life. Bunin's heroes lack this. They experience only a flash and part, having enjoyed it.
Let's consider the analysis of the story that opens the cycle of the same name, starting with brief description plots.
The plot of the story "Dark Alleys"
Its plot is simple. General Nikolai Alekseevich, already an old man, arrives at the postal station and meets here his beloved, whom he has not seen for about 35 years. He will not recognize hope right away. Now she is the mistress of where their first meeting once took place. The hero finds out that all this time she loved only him.
The story "Dark Alleys" continues. Nikolai Alekseevich is trying to justify himself to the woman for not visiting her for so many years. “Everything passes,” he says. But these explanations are very insincere and clumsy. Nadezhda wisely answers the general, saying that youth passes for everyone, but love does not. A woman reproaches her lover for leaving her heartlessly, so she wanted to commit suicide many times, but she realizes that it is now too late to reproach.
Let's take a closer look at the story "Dark Alleys". shows that Nikolai Alekseevich does not seem to feel remorse, but Nadezhda is right when she says that not everything is forgotten. The general also could not forget this woman, his first love. In vain he asks her: “Please go away.” And he says that if only God would forgive him, and Nadezhda, apparently, has already forgiven him. But it turns out that no. The woman admits that she could not do this. Therefore, the general is forced to make excuses, apologize to his former lover, saying that he was never happy, but he loved his wife deeply, and she left Nikolai Alekseevich and cheated on him. He adored his son and laid big hopes, but he turned out to be an insolent person, a spendthrift, without honor, heart, or conscience.
Is the old love still there?
Let's analyze the work "Dark Alleys". Analysis of the story shows that the feelings of the main characters have not faded away. It becomes clear to us that it has been preserved old love, the heroes of this work still love each other. Leaving, the general admits to himself that this woman gave him best moments life. Fate takes revenge on the hero for betraying his first love. Nikolai Alekseevich ("Dark Alleys") does not find happiness in his family life. An analysis of his experiences proves this. He realizes that he missed the chance once given by fate. When the coachman tells the general that this landlady gives money at interest and is very “cool”, although she is fair: he didn’t return it on time - that means you have yourself to blame, Nikolai Alekseevich projects these words onto his life, reflects on what would have happened , if he had not left this woman.
What prevented the happiness of the main characters?
At one time, class prejudices prevented the future general from uniting his fate with a commoner. But love did not leave the protagonist’s heart and prevented him from becoming happy with another woman and raising his son with dignity, as our analysis shows. "Dark Alleys" (Bunin) is a work that has a tragic connotation.
Nadezhda also carried love throughout her life and in the end she also found herself alone. She could not forgive the hero for the suffering he caused, since he remained the most important thing in her life. dear person. Nikolai Alekseevich was unable to break the rules established in society and did not risk acting against them. After all, if the general had married Nadezhda, he would have met with contempt and misunderstanding from those around him. And the poor girl had no choice but to submit to fate. In those days it was impossible bright alleys love between a peasant woman and a master. This problem is already public, not personal.
The dramatic destinies of the main characters
In his work, Bunin wanted to show the dramatic destinies of the main characters, who were forced to part, being in love with each other. In this world, love turned out to be doomed and especially fragile. But she illuminated their whole life and forever remained in their memory as the best moments. This story is romantically beautiful, although dramatic.
In Bunin's work "Dark Alleys" (we are now analyzing this story), the theme of love is a cross-cutting motif. It permeates all creativity, thereby connecting the emigrant and Russian periods. It is this that allows the writer to correlate spiritual experiences with the phenomena of external life, and also to get closer to the secret of the human soul, based on the influence of objective reality on him.
This concludes the analysis of “Dark Alleys”. Everyone understands love in their own way. This amazing feeling has not yet been solved. The theme of love will always be relevant because it is driving force many human actions, the meaning of our lives. In particular, our analysis leads to this conclusion. “Dark Alleys” by Bunin is a story that even in its title reflects the idea that this feeling cannot be fully understood, it is “dark”, but at the same time beautiful.
Topic: I.A. Bunin "Dark Alleys"
TDC: Expand ideological content story using TRKMChP
Develop speech culture, memory, thinking, creativity
Improve the skills of analyzing a work, the ability to compose OK,
characteristics, compare and draw conclusions.
Bring up moral qualities students, philosophical understanding
the place of man in the world and the meaning in life., interest in the work of I.A. Bunina.
“All love is great happiness,
even if it is not divided"
I.A.Bunin
1. Org. moment
2. Updating knowledge.
Guys, today we will talk to you about love, the most beautiful feeling on earth.
Today we will try to understand the originality of Buninsky artistic embodiment love, understand the philosophy of love.
The epigraph of our lesson is “All love is great happiness, even if it is not divided.”
What is love for you?
What is this word associated with?
Let's create a cluster and draw conclusions
(cluster creation)
Love is eternal theme, which worried a person, worries and will always worry. Love is an eternal theme of art, literature, painting, music...
Tell me which works about love have you already become acquainted with?
Describe love in these works.
Remember the words of General Anosov: “Love is selfless, selfless, not waiting for reward. The one about whom it is said is “strong as death.” The kind of love for which to accomplish any feat, to give one’s life, to undergo torture is not work at all, but one joy... love should be a tragedy, the greatest secret in the world.”
What do two ladles need to understand that he is the only one in the world, that she is the most beautiful on earth? (A moment, time, years, a whole life...)
And now our task is to consider this using the example of the work “Dark Alleys”.
First, let’s get acquainted with the history of the creation of the story and cycle “Dark Alleys” (operator, student)
Problematic question: Why is the story called “Dark Alleys?”
First option of your answer?
Let's listen to him. (preparatory student)
So, first, the title is from Ogarev’s poem, which was read by N.A. Nadezhede
And to offer other options, we need to research the text
Analysis
Let's start with a summary of the story. What is the plot of the work?
Tell us about the heroes of the work
Which of the characters do you like, and why? How does the author feel about the characters? What allows you to draw such conclusions?
The portrait of the main character is dynamic. How does the second portrait complement the first? (The words “slim” sound like a refrain, clothes emphasize social status, But outer beauty does not go well with a tired look and a pale, thin arm, which speaks of an unfulfilled life.)
How is the heroine presented? Is the polyunion “too” used?
(This is a portrait - a comparison with the hero, external beauty is emphasized.)
How does an inn characterize a woman? (Good hostess.)
Why did Nadezhda immediately recognize Nikolai Alekseevich
Tasks for pair groups independent work“double diary” technique.
1 gr. Compare portrait characteristics heroes and draw conclusions)
2g. What is the role of landscape sketches in a poem and story - compare and draw conclusions.
3.gr - Write down statements about past love ON THE. and Nadezhda)
One of psychological techniques Character revelations are dialogues.
How is the dialogue between former lovers structured?
Let's read the dialogue.
What conclusions do we draw?
Assignment: make a syncwine with the word love for N.A., love for Nadezhda.
Compare Love of Nadezhda and Zheltkov.
What role does the meeting with Nadezhda play in Nikolai Alekseevich’s life? What did he understand?
What moral choice works? Did Nadezhda do the right thing by keeping the memory of her first love, living only by memories?
Notice the space in which the heroine lives?
What does the coachman say when N.A. drove away from Nadezhda's house.
4. Reflection,
Cross-discussion “Defending your opinion.”
I want to justify my hero and his actions.
Group 1 – Hope, who did the right thing
Group 2 - You cannot live with memories and hold grudges for life.
Conclusions. The story is named as follows: 1. Based on the title of Ogarev’s poem
2.dark labyrinths of love, memories that do not allow a person to live life to the fullest, this love has no future.
Conclusion: disclosure of the content of the epigraph. Confirm with the words
Everything is beautiful in love - does it bring us
She is suffering or a balm.
For the sake of suffering true love
Call it bliss, O lover.
Saadi
Song "You exist in the world"
5. What conclusion did you guys draw for yourself?
A series of stories called “Dark Alleys” is dedicated to the eternal theme of any type of art - love. “Dark Alleys” is spoken of as a kind of encyclopedia of love, which contains the most diverse and incredible stories about this great and often contradictory feeling.
And the stories that are included in Bunin’s collection are stunning with their varied plots and extraordinary style; they are the main assistants of Bunin, who wants to portray love at the peak of feelings, tragic love, but therefore perfect.
Feature of the cycle “Dark Alleys”
The very phrase that served as the title for the collection was taken by the writer from the poem “An Ordinary Tale” by N. Ogarev, which is dedicated to first love, which never had the expected continuation.
In the collection itself there is a story with the same name, but this does not mean that this story is the main one, no, this expression is the personification of the mood of all the stories and tales, a common elusive meaning, a transparent, almost invisible thread connecting the stories with each other.
A special feature of the series of stories “Dark Alleys” can be called moments when the love of two heroes for some reason cannot continue. Often an executioner passionate feelings Bunin's heroes become death, sometimes unforeseen circumstances or misfortunes, but most importantly, love is never allowed to come true.
This is the key concept of Bunin’s idea of earthly love between two. He wants to show love at its peak, he wants to emphasize its true richness and highest value, the fact that it does not need to turn into life circumstances, like a wedding, marriage, life together...
Female images of “Dark Alleys”
Particular attention should be paid to the unusual female portraits that “Dark Alleys” are so rich in. Ivan Alekseevich paints images of women with such grace and originality that female portrait each story becomes unforgettable and truly intriguing.
Bunin's skill lies in several precise expressions and metaphors that instantly paint in the reader's mind the picture described by the author with many colors, shades and nuances.
The stories “Rusya”, “Antigone”, “Galya Ganskaya” are an exemplary example of different, but bright images Russian woman. The girls, whose stories were created by the talented Bunin, partly resemble the love stories that they experience.
We can say that the writer’s key attention is directed precisely to these two elements of the cycle of stories: women and love. And the love stories are just as intense, unique, sometimes fatal and willful, sometimes so original and incredible that it’s hard to believe in them.
The male characters in “Dark Alleys” are weak-willed and insincere, and this also determines the fatal course of all love stories.
The peculiarity of love in “Dark Alleys”
The stories of “Dark Alleys” reveal not only the theme of love, they reveal the depths of the human personality and soul, and the very concept of “love” appears as the basis of this difficult and not always happy life.
And love doesn't have to be mutual to bring unforgettable experience, love does not have to turn into something eternal and tirelessly ongoing in order to please and make a person happy.
Bunin insightfully and subtly shows only the “moments” of love, for the sake of which everything else is worth experiencing, for which it is worth living.
The story "Clean Monday"
Story " Clean Monday" - this is mysterious, and not completely clear story love. Bunin describes a pair of young lovers who seem to be ideally suited to each other, but the catch is that their inner worlds have nothing in common.
Image young man simple and logical, and the image of his beloved is unattainable and complex, striking her chosen one with its inconsistency. One day she says that she would like to go to a monastery, and this causes complete bewilderment and misunderstanding for the hero.
And the end of this love is as complex and incomprehensible as the heroine herself. After intimacy with the young man, she silently leaves him, then asks him not to ask anything, and soon he finds out that she has gone to a monastery.
She made the decision on Clean Monday, when intimacy between lovers occurred, and the symbol of this holiday is a symbol of her purity and torment, which she wants to get rid of.
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