Transport logistics. Transport and logistics systems, essence and goals of functioning

Logistics from an economic point of view is the activity of organizing, managing and optimizing the movement of various kinds of flows from their source to the direct consumer. This science is divided into several types. One of them is transport logistics.

This is a kind of system that is responsible for organizing delivery. In other words, transport logistics is engaged in the movement of certain people from point A to point B. At the same time, the optimal route of movement is chosen. Active application of this field of knowledge occurs in the sixties of the XX century. It is during this period that the intensive development of production occurs. It became clear that knowledge of all points of the movement of raw materials makes it possible to identify losses. Thus, competent transport logistics reduces the cost of goods. A significant role in the development of science was played by the achievements of scientific and technical progress, thanks to which communication over vast distances became possible.

Functions and tasks

It is customary to distinguish between operational and coordinating. The first are associated with the management of the movement of values ​​in the sphere of direct production and distribution. The second is related to the coordination of the level of supply and demand. This includes analysis and (mainly material) of the production process, planning and forecasting the development of markets, customer needs and much more. In other words, based on the data received, logistics connects the needs of customers with the capabilities of the enterprise.

Now about tasks. They can be divided into two large groups: public (global) and private. The first one should include the achievement of the maximum possible result at the minimum cost. The second group of tasks includes the creation of a minimum level of stocks, the reduction of the time period required for transportation, and many others.

If we talk about the functions characteristic of this type of science under consideration, such as transport logistics, then an important place is given to personnel, without which it is impossible to achieve the goal. This also includes the need for classification and the organization of pricing policy.

Transport logistics: system and infrastructure

Next, we will talk about the transport and logistics system. This concept characterizes the entire set of customers and producers of goods, services, as well as the means of communication used for their interconnection, transport, buildings and structures, control systems and other resources. Transport logistics cannot exist without the appropriate infrastructure.

After all, the movement of objects, their storage, warehousing and support of all processes with financial and information flows is impossible if there are no technical means necessary for this. The infrastructure ensures uninterrupted and accurate performance of all functions. The final volume of costs largely depends on the quality of the transportation carried out. Therefore, transport logistics at the enterprise should also take into account the following aspects: the efficiency of each individual, the efficiency of organizing transportation from the manufacturer to the consumer, as well as accounting for the storage and handling of goods, which is especially important for the client.

Conclusion

Transport logistics plays a huge role in the activities of the enterprise. This is a necessary link in the system, since this science is responsible for managing all flows, and material flow management is impossible without organizing its transportation. Thus, transport should not only be used efficiently, but also be flexible. This will make it possible to realize the main goal of the transport and logistics system, even in the face of rapidly changing demand.

The globalization of the economy is accompanied by unprecedented rates of growth in trade. World exports have grown 10 times over 50 years and continue to grow at a faster rate than GDP. The daily volume of foreign exchange transactions exceeds $1.5 trillion compared to $15 billion in 1973. Under these conditions, the importance of the global transport network increases to the maximum. Transport serves as the material basis for production relations between individual territories, acts as a factor organizing the world economic space and ensuring the further geographical division of labor.

In the structure of social production, transport belongs to the sphere of production of material services. A significant part of the LP on the way of the movement of the MP from the primary source of raw materials to the final consumer is carried out using various vehicles. The cost of these operations is up to 50% of the total cost of logistics. This determines the importance of optimizing the movement of MPs at the stage of transportation.

Transport solves the following main tasks:

• creation of transport systems, including the creation of transport corridors and transport chains;
• joint planning of transport processes on various modes of transport (in the case of multimodal transport);
• ensuring the technological unity of the transport and storage process;
• joint planning of the transport process with warehouse and production;
• choice of type and type of vehicle;
• determination of rational delivery routes.

The initial data for choosing the optimal mode of transport for a particular transportation is the information:

• about the characteristic features of various modes of transport, their pros and cons;
• about other logistics tasks related to the transportation of products, such as creating and maintaining the optimal level of stocks, choosing the type of packaging, etc.

There are six main factors in choosing a mode of transport:

• Delivery time;
• frequency of shipments;
• reliability of compliance with the delivery schedule;
• ability to carry different cargoes;
• the ability to deliver cargo to any point of the territory;
• transportation cost.

Automobile transport. The scope of road transport in Russia is intracity, suburban and intra-regional freight and passenger transportation, as well as transportation over medium and long distances of low-tonnage valuable and perishable goods.

Advantages: high maneuverability and efficiency; delivery regularity; less stringent requirements for product packaging compared to other types.

Disadvantages: relatively high cost of transportation (according to the maximum carrying capacity of the vehicle); urgency of unloading; the possibility of cargo theft; the possibility of vehicle theft; relatively low payload.

Railway transport. In the conditions of Russia, railway transport is most effective for the transportation of bulk types of cargo over medium and long distances with a high concentration of cargo flows. Advantages: relatively low cost of transportation; well adapted for the transportation of various consignments in all weather conditions; the possibility of delivering goods over long distances; regularity of transportation; the possibility of efficient organization of loading and unloading operations. Disadvantages: low maneuverability.

Sea transport. It is the largest carrier in international transportation. Maritime transport mainly performs external, export-import transportation (including all freight transportation in intercontinental traffic). Its role is great in cabotage (inland) transportation for the northern and eastern coastal regions of the country.

Advantages: low freight rates; high carrying capacity. Disadvantages: low speed; stringent requirements for packaging and securing cargo; low frequency of sendings; dependence on weather conditions.

Inland water transport. Inland water (river) transport is intended for the transportation of certain bulk types of cargo over medium and long distances, as well as for passenger traffic (especially suburban). However, in recent decades, it cannot compete with other modes of transport and has practically become a specific type of technological transport intended for the transportation of mineral building materials.

Advantage: low freight rates, when transporting goods weighing more than 100 tons over a distance of more than 250 km, this type of transport is the cheapest.

Disadvantages: low delivery speed; low geographic accessibility due to the constraints imposed by the configuration of the waterways; seasonality.

Air Transport. In terms of its functions, air transport is also highly specialized: it mainly carries out passenger transportation over long and medium distances, although it is of great importance in the transportation of a number of valuable, perishable and urgent goods.

Advantages: high speed; Possibility of delivery to remote areas.

Disadvantages: high freight rates; dependence on weather conditions, which reduces the reliability of compliance with the delivery schedule.

Pipeline transport. Pipeline transport is designed for pumping gas, oil and oil products. Pipeline transport, in contrast to the universal modes of transport described above, is still highly specialized, designed for long-distance pumping of liquid and gaseous products of a limited range: gas, oil and oil products.

Advantages: high speed of delivery; the most cost-effective way to transport oil and gas. Disadvantages: narrow specialization; frequent emergency situations due to violations of pipeline safety, theft of non-ferrous metals, equipment from along-route structures; unauthorized tie-ins in pipelines; acts of sabotage; increased danger of environmental and social consequences of possible failures and accidents: fires, explosions, environmental pollution, a great threat to the population, losses due to theft through unauthorized tapping into oil pipelines; science intensity and capital intensity of defect diagnostics, repair, modernization of equipment, reconstruction and construction of new pipelines.

Industrial firms that have entrusted some of their functions to transport enterprises specialize in their core activities in order to increase its efficiency and are ready to pay for qualified services of third-party firms for the implementation of a number of LFs. Industrial firms see in this process their main benefit - the reduction of total costs and especially the reduction of the wage bill. In addition, along with purely economic factors, cargo owners receive a higher degree of freedom of maneuver. Thus, increasing commercial flexibility is very valuable for industries operating in markets distributed over large territories and suffering losses from untimely switching of commodity flows in accordance with fluctuations in demand.

You will learn what transport logistics is, what tasks it solves, as well as how to choose the right transport logistics company for beginner businessmen

Hello, dear readers of HiterBober.ru business magazine! Eduard Stembolsky is in touch.

When doing business, the organization and transportation of products is very important for expanding the geography of the company. Many entrepreneurs face the problem of cargo transportation.

In this article, I will reveal the main issues related to transport logistics, as well as give specific recommendations on choosing a transport company.

Get comfortable, we're getting started!

1. Fundamentals of transport logistics - definitions, essence and goals

The modern market of transport services is replete with a large number of proposals. In the conditions of created competition, transport logistics companies are trying to offer the most favorable terms of cooperation for customers.

But how can a person who is not familiar with the organization of the work of transport companies choose a reliable contractor? Who is able to provide maximum productivity at minimum cost? Let's try to figure it out. About that, we already wrote in a previous article.

To begin with, you should familiarize yourself with the basic terms a little more closely. What is transport logistics?

In your own words, such a concept can be explained as a mechanism for managing the transportation of goods. The transportation of finished products or the necessary components for a production process is a critical factor in commercial success.

This is a system for organizing the delivery of goods with minimal time costs and optimization of delivery costs.

Transport logistics is internal And external. The first provides intra-production transportation, and the second - the supply of enterprises and the sale of finished products.

For example

Businessman Andrei organized a small manufacturing company for the manufacture of plastic products. At the initial stage, it was possible to sell products in one city using one company car.

However, with the increase in production and the emergence of partners in other cities, it became necessary to attract more cars to use. The transport logistics company helped him a lot in this.

The main goal of logistics is to maximize the potential of the rolling stock carrying capacity and organize regular deliveries without warehouses.

Transport logistics is closely related to, which was discussed in one of the previous articles.

Freight logistics involves the implementation of several different stages:

• selection of the most suitable vehicle;
• calculation of necessary expenses;
• preparation of documentation;
• loading of the transported cargo;
• transportation process;
• unloading at the final destination.

If it is necessary to deliver products abroad, transport logistics must additionally take into account customs services. At the same time, customs clearance is carried out. Cargo clearance in this case is carried out according to a special principle.

2. Transport logistics in Russia: problems and prospects

A very big problem in the development of transport logistics in our country is the lack of competent business projects that clearly spell out the functions of each of the company's divisions.

The impossibility of a clear division of responsibilities leads to the fact that one employee performs various types of work without being a professional in this industry. This point should be taken into account at the stage of learning this type of logistics.

Transport logistics in Russia is not developing too rapidly.

There are a number of reasons for this:

• unstable economic situation;
• low level of development of container and packaging production;
• poor condition of the road surface;
• low level of production and technical base.

So, friends, despite certain difficulties in the development of transport logistics at this stage, there is everything necessary for such a direction to actively develop in the near future, and it really develops!

An example is the friends and partners of the HiterBober.ru website - a transport company that provides transportation in Moscow and the Moscow region. The company also has. Its leader, Yana Gulinchuk, not only conducts her business professionally, but also develops comprehensively.

My friend and co-owner of the site HiterBober.ru Vitaliy met Yana's husband at one of the training events of Business Youth. Since then, we have been communicating and making friends and are ready to vouch for the quality of the services of this transport company.

3. What tasks does transport logistics solve - 5 main tasks

The main tasks of transport logistics are to create transport chains, along which cargo will be transported in the future.

It should also be noted the importance of analyzing the end points, building the optimal delivery route and choosing a vehicle. During transportation, maximum control over the safety of the cargo should be ensured.

Task 1. Analysis of endpoints

At this stage, a preliminary route is plotted depending on the distance between points. At the same time, the features of the selected section of the path are taken into account, on the basis of which the most suitable vehicle is selected.

In certain situations, it may be necessary to resort to the use of different types of transport in certain areas.

Task 2. Analysis of cargo properties

After a detailed analysis of the technical and operational characteristics of the transported cargo, a suitable transport is selected, and a convenient route is created.

Provided that hazardous substances are being transported, then such a route should be laid far from densely populated areas and strategically important objects. Additionally, when performing such a flight, a special permit may be required.

Task 3. Choosing the right transport

The essence of transport logistics is to ensure timely delivery of goods. Without choosing the most appropriate transport, it is not possible to solve such a problem.

Transportation can be carried out by various types of vehicles.

The main pros and cons of cargo transportation by various modes of transport are given in the table below:

Task 4. Building the optimal route

The logistics of transport systems includes the construction of an optimal route for the delivery of goods, along which transportation will be carried out in a short time. At the same time, the necessary delivery speed, agreed with the customer at the preliminary stage of cooperation, is necessarily taken into account.

The specifics of the transported cargo and the geographical location of all points of the route are also taken into account.

Before achieving a positive result, several different variants of the delivery path can be created. After screening out unpromising routes, the best option remains, which includes the minimum indicators of time and costs.

Depending on climatic and other external factors, some adjustments may be made to the route in the course of work.

Task 5. Cargo control during transportation

To meet the established time frames, you should carefully monitor the movement of cargo and, if necessary, make some changes to the route.

Breakdown of transport, delay in carrying out loading and unloading operations - all this can lead to a violation of the delivery time. You can track the movement of vehicles using modern navigation devices.

For example

The driver of the transport company "Fregat" pierced the rear wheel during the flight. Troubleshooting knocked him out of his original travel schedule.

The driver reported this problem to the company's staff logistician, who promptly corrected the route. In the end, the delivery time was not violated and the customer was very satisfied, agreeing to further cooperation.

4. How to choose the right shipping company - advice from an expert for beginners

Having figured out what transport logistics is, you can move on to solving specific problems - choosing a company that can provide fast and high-quality transportation of goods.

It is very important to consider:

1. Company experience. The age of a company engaged in the transportation of goods is an indicator of its stability and indicates a well-functioning mechanism of work.
2. Work technologies. Companies with extensive practical experience have already managed to establish certain technologies that allow achieving a positive result. Close interaction with contractors at various stages of delivery allows us to resolve any issues that arise.
3. Company staff. All staff members must be as one and have sufficient practical experience. This is the key to the professionalism of any company.
4. Logistics company specialization. Small logistics companies in most cases turn out to be only intermediaries. Proven companies that specialize in the delivery of groupage cargo cannot be small by definition. Such a service provider may be worthy of attention.
5. Features of transportation of products manufactured by your company. When choosing, it is more expedient to give preference to the contractor who has been transporting similar products for a long time.

The HiterBober.ru site team is personally acquainted with the company's management. So, friends, if you need to transfer cargo, feel free to contact the guys from GLP, our portal HitorBober.ru vouches for their quality of work 100%.

Long-term representation of the company in the market of services is a guarantee that the company qualitatively solves the tasks set and withstands competition with other companies.

It is best to use the services of a carrier that has been operating for more than five years. The easiest way to find such information is on thematic forums.

All personnel of the logistics company must respond promptly to emerging difficulties and various conflict situations. The qualifications and practical experience of staff members should not be in doubt.

The modern market of well-built transport services implements a huge number of different offers. There are quite a lot of companies that offer such a service as transportation logistics. It is possible to easily choose the best option for the cost and variety of services provided.

Transport logistics management is a mechanism for managing transportation and transportation of already finished products or important elements intended for organizing production processes. Properly constructed logistics is one of the important factors of commercial success. Logistics in the modern commercial world is a system for organizing the delivery of various categories of cargo with minimal time and material costs.

Types of transport logistics

Modern transportation management and logistics can be of two main types - external and internal. The first is designed to supply organizations and enterprises with finished products, the second is used to organize intra-production transportation. The main goal of logistics is to use the maximum potential of the rolling stock carrying capacity and guarantee regular deliveries in the absence of warehouses. Professional logistics is carried out in several stages, achieving the following goals of transport logistics:

1. Selection of the most suitable car.
2. Identification of important expenses.
3. Preparation of documentation.
4. Loading work.
5. Transportation.
6. Unloading at the final destination.

If it is necessary to deliver products outside the country, customs issues are taken into account without fail. Customs clearance is carried out, and cargo clearance is carried out according to special principles. Answering the question of what transport logistics is and what it is, it can be noted that this is a universal type of activity.

The main tasks of logistics

The main principles of transport logistics are based on the creation of chains of movement. They carry cargo. The selection of transport and ensuring full control over the safety of the cargo deserves special attention. The essence and tasks of transport logistics are as follows:

1. End point analysis. This is laying the optimal route between points. At this stage, the most suitable vehicles are taken into account. In particularly difficult situations, it may be necessary to use vehicles of different categories on the same route.
2. Analysis of the properties of the transported cargo. A detailed analysis of the operational and technical characteristics of the transported cargo is carried out.
3. The choice of the most suitable transport and a convenient route is carried out. If transportation of hazardous substances is organized, a route safe for the population is laid, and the use of special transport is also considered. In certain cases, permission may be required.
4. Selection of vehicles. At this stage, the speed of delivery, the terms previously agreed with the customer, are taken into account. The choice of transport is made on the basis of the geographical location of the waypoints.
5. Control over the transportation. During the transportation process, the delivery time is carefully observed, if necessary, certain changes are made to the overall route. On the way, there may be a delay due to a breakdown of the transport, a delay in loading and unloading processes. All this is eliminated as timely as possible so that the delivery deadlines are not violated. Vehicle tracking is carried out using modern navigation devices.

The main essence of transport logistics is based on ensuring the timely delivery of cargo, on its complete safety. Without following the rules and objectives listed above, it will be impossible to achieve this result. A professional company tries in every possible way to ensure a positive result in the transportation process. To do this, several different delivery options are created, and after screening out unpromising and complex routes, the most optimal one is selected, which will be accompanied by minimal time and material costs.

Important! If necessary, even in the selected route, certain adjustments can be made. They can be caused by climatic conditions and possible breakdowns..

Criteria for choosing a professional company

For the fastest and safest transportation of cargo, it is imperative to find a professional company. Only experienced specialists are able to provide prompt and high-quality services. When choosing an organization, you should take into account such important parameters as:

• Experience in transport organization. The age of the company and the years of work are important, as this is evidence of its stability and well-functioning of the main working mechanisms;
• Technology of transport services. Companies with extensive practical experience work on certain technologies that have been debugged over the years, which makes it possible to achieve positive results in the process of cargo delivery without any problems. Constant interaction with contractors at the stages of cargo movement allows us to solve a variety of issues;
• Company employees. Each of the employees must have serious practical experience, which is a guarantee of the professionalism of the organization;
• Logistics company specialization. There are companies that provide only intermediary services, and there are more serious companies that provide a full range of logistics services. Worthy of attention are organizations that are engaged in the delivery of groupage cargo.

Important! In the process of choosing a transport company, it is required to give preference to an organization that has been transporting for a long time and provides a wide range of services.

Long-term work of the company in the market of transport services is a guarantee that all tasks are solved in a timely manner and as professionally as possible. This will help her to withstand serious competition from numerous similar companies. Preference should be given to firms that have been operating in the transport services market for more than five years. Employees of a serious company will respond as quickly as possible to all emerging difficulties and conflict situations. It is for this reason that the practical experience, the functions of transport logistics and the high level of qualification of the staff should not be in any doubt.

Benefits of working with professionals

For the transportation of goods, it is worth contacting an organization where a staff of qualified specialists works. They have deep knowledge in this field of activity and quite successfully apply them in practice. High professionalism gives them skills such as:

• Acquaintance with the main transport and logistics complexes of a large number of countries of the world;
• The ability to track all ongoing changes and innovations in this field of activity;
• Timely development of the most effective schemes for the transportation of goods;
• Provision of services in strict accordance with the interests of partners and numerous clients;
• In the process of performing transport tasks, the most modern and creative solutions in logistics are used.

Modern transport and logistics companies are multi-level organizations for the delivery of cargo and control over it at all stages of movement. Professional companies work in full compliance with all the requirements and wishes of the client, taking into account their needs and the characteristics of the cargo being transported. A strictly individual approach is carried out for each customer. The basis of transport logistics is the complete coordination of actions of all participants in transport processes. Professional logistics companies are ready to take on the solution of tasks of various complexity and volume of work. Turning to specialists, you can be guaranteed to get the desired result.

Summing up

Modern road transport logistics is a rapidly developing business area that is gaining momentum in all countries. This is quite reasonable, since the development of logistics in the global economy is an important condition for making a profit.

Transport logistics is a detailed analysis of a large number of factors, professional development of optimal routes and schemes for the transportation of goods of various volumes and complexity. Professional transport companies provide high speed and reasonable cost of all operations. The implementation of competent logistics is now mandatory for conducting and organizing the most efficient activities of companies operating in the field of international and intercity transportation.

Logistics comes from the Greek word logistike - the art of calculating, reasoning. The history of the emergence and development of logistics goes back to the distant past. The first positions of logisticians appeared in ancient Athens. During the period of the Roman Empire, there were servants of logistics or logistics who were engaged in the distribution of products, the formation of stocks, and the exchange between provinces. In Byzantium in the 1st millennium AD. the tasks of logistics were arming the army, supplying it with military equipment.
The first scientific works on logistics appeared in France at the beginning of the 19th century, the author A. Jomini, a military specialist.
Logistics developed especially rapidly during the Second World War, when logistics was used to solve strategic problems and to clearly interact with the defense industry, supplying bases and transport in order to timely provide the army with weapons and food. In the 60s, logistics gradually moves from the military to the civilian, and then to production. At the end of the 20th century, logistics science included purchasing, transport, production, information, and marketing logistics. Thus, logistics seeks to satisfy the needs of the consumer as much as possible with minimal costs for the manufacturer.
Logistics is the science of planning, controlling and managing transportation, warehousing and other tangible and intangible operations performed in the process of bringing raw materials and materials to a manufacturing enterprise, in-plant processing of raw materials and materials, bringing finished products to the consumer in accordance with the interests and needs of the latter, as well as the transfer of storage and processing of related information and related financial flows. Logistics is the science of managing the movement of goods.

Transport logistics

Three secrets to optimal savings

Transport. One of the main issues at the stage of preparing the transportation of goods is the choice of vehicle. There is a simple law here: the heavier the load, the lower the cost per unit of weight. Sending several tons to another continent is much more profitable than sending a box of matches of fifty grams in the same way.

It is logical that from this point of view, sea and rail transport are the cheapest, but cars and aircraft will require much more money. Therefore, sometimes it is much more reasonable to sacrifice time and save money by sending cargo on a cruise by sea or land.

Volume. A considerable amount of fixed costs passes from the estimate to the estimate. These are all costs associated with the preparation and clearance of cargo, accounting operations, downtime of transport during loading and unloading, operation and, finally, concern for improving service and maintenance. All these costs are evenly distributed over the entire cargo, so the larger its volume, the lower the cost per unit of weight.

Route. The preparation and use of transport initially cost a lot of money, which is then distributed to the entire cargo. Costs decrease with increasing distance - the farther the destination, the lower the cost per unit of distance. That is why it is more profitable to deliver one cargo over a long distance than two - over a short one.

From logic to logistics

In any business, the main thing is to keep a balance and look for the best options in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe golden mean. In the process of international cargo transportation, there are indicators and principles that can be sacrificed, there are those for which it is still not worth cutting costs.

Transport logistics does not promise maximum savings and total budget cuts. She teaches to save wisely and professionally. Freight transport can be fast- right on time. quality- Reliable, accurate, with mutual pleasure from communication. budgetary- rational, with a reasonable price and a reasonable balance between cost and efficiency.

Logistics Road transport

Often, road transport is considered as an element of the logistics system with 100% reliability in fulfilling its tasks, functioning under conditions of certainty. However, this is not the case. One of the difficulties in implementing the logistics approach is that the Motor Transport Enterprise (ATP) is a “living” system operating under conditions of uncertainty and risk.
Maintaining the reliability of this system requires large material and labor costs and determines the value of a number of logistical indicators (costs per shipped unit of production; costs per tonne-kilometer of transported goods; loading of the fleet of vehicles, etc.).

When modeling the tasks of transport logistics, it must be taken into account that the development indicators of any production and economic system, in principle, depend on its two interrelated characteristics: state and functioning.
The state of the ATP is characterized as a list number of cars, and their most important property - reliability.
The functioning of the system is the current implementation in specific environmental conditions of the possibilities presented by this state for the implementation of the functions of the system for which it was created. The existence of these two interrelated characteristics of the ATP predetermined the division of mathematical methods into methods used to solve particular problems of functioning, and methods that allow optimizing the state of the ATP.

Functioning tasks include choosing the best options for organizing the transportation process, types and types of rolling stock, joint planning of transport, production and storage processes, etc.
The concentration of efforts to improve the efficiency of methods and models for solving only functioning problems is a dead end. Theoretically effective management decision adopted for implementation without taking into account the possible state of the car park may not have a real practical effect and creates prerequisites for violating the fundamental principle of logistics - reliability.
When modeling the development of ATP, both its state and functioning, two approaches have been outlined: deterministic-optimal and probabilistic-adaptive.
The deterministic-optimal approach to making managerial decisions in most cases provides a significant economic effect. With optimal planning, one obtains not just acceptable or feasible variants of plans, but the best ones with respect to the accepted method of their evaluation. At the same time, economic and mathematical models are widely used, which allow choosing variable indicators of the plan from the conditions of the extremum of the adopted measure of its effectiveness (for example, profit maximization, cost minimization, etc.).

Optimization of both the functioning and the state of the system is the main condition for achieving its highest efficiency. Another aspect is that it is impossible to solve the problem of ATP development with the help of one model, therefore, it is necessary to divide this problem into a number of local ones that are part of the general system of transport logistics tasks.
The most acceptable approach to modeling the development of ATP as an economic system is a probabilistic-adaptive approach.
As the main characteristics of the probabilistic-adaptive approach to modeling enterprise tasks, the following should be noted:

• inclusion of all the advantages of the deterministic-optimal approach;
• creation of man-machine planning systems that allow more fully and efficiently use the experience and intuition of specialists in the planning process;
• taking into account a known share of uncertainty in our knowledge of the future, which determines the choice of the most adaptive options for plans;
• personification of the plan as a system of interrelated decisions;
• consideration of organizational problems.

The need to combine the deterministic and probabilistic approaches to solving the problems of transport logistics is predetermined by the characteristic features of the problems of developing the ATP. These include:

• significant uncertainty of both future situations in which the object may find itself in the course of its evolution, and the uncertainty of the final effects of decisions made;
• incompleteness and significantly low reliability of the initial information, which are sometimes too enlarged, aggregated;
• difficulties of a methodological and computational nature (taking into account fundamentally non-formalizable elements), which do not allow achieving full adequacy of the models to the real processes of development of ATP.

At the same time, transport processes that include an element of chance are not purely random. The role of the organizational component is high in them - maintenance and repair technology, schedule of operation, etc. Therefore, formulas (models) developed only on the basis of a probabilistic or deterministic approach to transport processes often do not correspond to the existing transport system.

Adaptive behavior is manifested in various development trends that reflect the evolution of a particular system in the course of its adaptation to environmental influences. The functioning of road transport is predominantly adaptive. Modeling the development of ATP can be provided by a combination of normative and descriptive models that, on the one hand, develop solutions for active influences on the development of ATP, and on the other hand, describe the processes of adaptation of ATP under conditions of uncertainty and incomplete information. The development and implementation of a probabilistic-adaptive approach can ensure the implementation of the basic conditions for the effective use of methods and models in transport logistics, as well as the methodological principles of analysis and synthesis of logistics systems, such as consistency, reliability, adaptability, sustainability, etc.
Having determined the place of transport logistics and its relationship with functional and resource logistics, as well as evaluating the level of methodological support and approaches to modeling logistics tasks, it is necessary to draw the following conclusions:
transport logistics from the point of view of the functioning of production systems can be represented by procurement, in-house and distribution logistics of transport;
The most acceptable approach to combining methods and models for solving transport logistics problems is a probabilistic-adaptive approach.
The combination of methods and models for solving problems of transport logistics should be based on the description of the development of the vehicle fleet as a sequence of phenomena in time using the apparatus of the theory of random processes, i.e. stochastic models.

Freight forwarder or carrier? Three secrets and international cargo transportation

Forwarder or carrier: which one to choose? If the carrier is good and the forwarder is bad, then the first one. If the carrier is bad, and the forwarder is good, then the second one. Such a choice is simple. But how to decide when both applicants are good? How to choose from two seemingly equivalent options? The problem is that these options are not equal.

Scary stories of international transportation

BETWEEN THE HAMMER AND THE ANVIL.

It is not easy to live between a transportation customer and a very cunningly economical cargo owner. One day we received an order. Freight for three kopecks, additional conditions for two sheets, the collection is called .... Loading on Wednesday. The car is already in place on Tuesday, and by lunchtime the next day, the warehouse begins to slowly throw into the trailer everything that your forwarder has collected for his customers-recipients.

ENCHANTED PLACE - PTO KOZLOVICHI.

According to legends and experience, everyone who transported goods from Europe by road knows what a terrible place is the PTO Kozlovichi, Brest customs. What chaos the Belarusian customs officers are doing, they find fault in every possible way and tear at exorbitant prices. And it is true. But not all...

HOW UNDER THE NEW YEAR WE CARRIED DRY MILK.

Groupage loading at a consolidation warehouse in Germany. One of the cargoes is powdered milk from Italy, the delivery of which was ordered by the Forwarder .... A classic example of the work of the forwarder-"transmitter" (he does not delve into anything, he only passes along the chain).

Documents for international transport

International road transport of goods is very organized and bureaucratic, as a result - for the implementation of international road transport of goods, a lot of unified documents are used. It doesn’t matter if it’s a customs carrier or an ordinary one – he won’t go without documents. Although it is not very exciting, we have tried to simply state the purpose of these documents and the meaning that they have. They gave an example of filling in TIR, CMR, T1, EX1, Invoice, Packing List...

Calculation of axle load for trucking

Purpose - to study the possibility of redistributing loads on the axles of the tractor and semi-trailer when changing the location of the cargo in the semi-trailer. And the application of this knowledge in practice.

In the system we are considering, there are 3 objects: a tractor $(T)$, a semi-trailer $(\large ((p.p.)))$ and a cargo $(\large (gr))$. All variables related to each of these objects will be superscripted $T$, $(\large (p.p.))$ and $(\large (gr))$ respectively. For example, the unladen weight of a tractor would be denoted as $m^(T)$.

Why don't you eat mushrooms? Customs exhaled sadness.

What is happening in the international road transport market? The Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation has already banned the issuance of TIR Carnets without additional guarantees in several federal districts. And she notified that from December 1 of this year she would completely break the contract with the IRU as inappropriate for the requirements of the Customs Union and put forward non-childish financial claims.
IRU responded: “The explanations of the Russian Federal Customs Service regarding the alleged debt of ASMAP in the amount of 20 billion rubles are a complete fabrication, since all the old TIR claims have been fully settled ..... What do we, simple carriers, think?

Stowage Factor Weight and volume of cargo when calculating the cost of transportation

The calculation of the cost of transportation depends on the weight and volume of the cargo. For maritime transport, volume is most often decisive, for air transport it is weight. For road transport of goods, a complex indicator plays an important role. Which parameter for calculations will be chosen in a particular case depends on specific weight of cargo (Stowage Factor) .