The inner world of man matrenin yard. Analysis of the story "Matryona Dvor" by Solzhenitsyn A.I.
The work of the Russian Soviet prose writer AI Solzhenitsyn is one of the brightest and most significant pages of our literature. His main merit to readers is that the author made people think about their past, about the dark pages of history, told the cruel truth about many inhumane orders of the Soviet regime and revealed the origins of the lack of spirituality of subsequent - post-perestroika - generations. The story "Matryonin Dvor" in this regard is the most indicative.
History of creation and autobiographical motives
So, the history of creation and analysis. "Matryona Dvor" refers to stories, although its size significantly exceeds the traditional framework of the aforementioned. It was written in 1959, and published - thanks to the efforts and efforts of Tvardovsky, the editor of the most progressive literary magazine at that time, Novy Mir - in 1963. Four years of waiting is a very short time for a writer who spent time in camps labeled "enemy of the people" and disgraced after the publication of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.
Let's continue the analysis. Progressive critics consider “Matryona Dvor” to be even a stronger and more significant work than “One Day ...”. If in the story about the fate of prisoner Shukhov the reader was captivated by the novelty of the material, the courage to choose a topic and its presentation, and the accusatory power, then the story about Matryona impresses with its amazing language, mastery of the living Russian word and the highest moral charge, pure spirituality that fill the pages of the work. Solzhenitsyn planned to name the story like this: “A village is not worth without a righteous man,” so that the main theme and idea would be stated from the very beginning. But censorship would hardly have missed such a shocking title for the Soviet atheistic ideology, so the writer inserted these words at the end of his work, titled it by the name of the heroine. However, the story only benefited from the rearrangement.
What else is important to note, continuing the analysis? "Matrenin Dvor" is referred to the so-called village literature, rightly noting its fundamental importance for this trend in Russian verbal art. The author's principled and artistic veracity, a firm moral position and heightened conscientiousness, the inability to compromise, as required by the censors and the situation, became the reason for further hushing up the story, on the one hand, and a vivid, living example for writers - Solzhenitsyn's contemporaries, on the other. fits perfectly with the theme of the work. And it was impossible otherwise, telling about the righteous Matryona, an elderly peasant woman from the village of Talnovo, who lives in the most "interior", primordially Russian outback.
Solzhenitsyn was personally acquainted with the prototype of the heroine. In fact, he talks about himself - a former military man who spent a decade in camps and in a settlement, immensely tired of the hardships and injustices of life and eager to rest his soul in a calm and uncomplicated provincial silence. And Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva is Matryona Zakharova from the village of Miltsevo, in whose hut Alexander Isaevich rented a corner. And the life of Matryona from the story is a somewhat artistically generalized fate of a real simple Russian woman.
Theme and idea of the work
Those who have read the story will not be hindered by the analysis. “Matryona Dvor” is a kind of parable about a disinterested woman, a woman of amazing kindness and gentleness. Her whole life is serving people. She worked on the collective farm for “workday sticks”, lost her health, and did not receive a pension. It is difficult for her to go to the city, it is difficult for her, and she does not like to complain, cry, and even more so to demand something. But when she demands to go to work on harvesting or weeding, no matter how bad Matryona feels, she still goes and helps the common cause. And if the neighbors asked to help dig potatoes, she also behaved. She never took payment for her work, she rejoiced heartily at someone else's rich harvest and did not envy when her own potatoes were small, like fodder.
Analysis of the work "Matryona Dvor" helps to reveal an interesting pattern. During their lifetime, people like Matryona Vasilievna cause bewilderment, irritation, and condemnation in those around them and relatives. The same sisters of the heroine, “mourning” her, lament that nothing was left after her from things or other wealth, they have nothing to profit from. But with her death, it was as if some kind of light went out in the village, as if it became darker, more boring, sadder. After all, Matryona was that righteous woman on whom the world rests, and without which neither the village, nor the city, nor the Earth itself stands.
Yes, Matryona is a weak old woman. But what will happen to us when such last guardians of humanity, spirituality, cordiality and kindness disappear? This is what the writer invites us to think about ...
A writer is judged by his best works. Among the stories of Solzhenitsyn, published in the 60s, Matrenin Dvor was always put in the first place. He was called "brilliant", "a truly brilliant work." "The story is true", "the story is talented", it was noted in criticism. Among Solzhenitsyn's stories, he stands out for his strict artistry, the integrity of his poetic embodiment, and the consistency of his artistic taste.
Solzhenitsyn is a passionate artist. His story about the fate of a simple peasant woman is full of deep sympathy, compassion, humanity. It evokes a response in the reader. Each episode "wounds the soul in its own way, hurts in its own way, delights in its own way." The combination of pages of lyrical and epic plans, the chaining of episodes according to the principle of emotional contrast allow the author to change the rhythm of the narrative, its tone. In this way, the writer goes to recreate a multi-layered picture of life. Already the first pages of the story serve as a convincing example of this. It opens the beginning-preliminary. It's about tragedy. The author-narrator remembers the tragedy that happened at the railway siding. We learn the details of this tragedy at the end of the story.
The features of the literary text noted here make its stylistic analysis preferable, which accompanies the expressive reading of individual, most impressive fragments: Solzhenitsyn's lyrical landscapes, the description of Matryona's yard, Matryona's story about her past, the final scenes.
"Matrenin Dvor" is an autobiographical work. This is Solzhenitsyn's story about himself, about the situation in which he found himself, having returned in the summer of 1956 "from the dusty hot desert." He "wanted to get lost in the very interior of Russia", to find "a quiet corner of Russia away from the railways." Ignatich (under this name the author appears before us) feels the delicacy of his position: a former camp inmate (Solzhenitsyn was rehabilitated in 1957) could only be hired for hard work - to carry a stretcher. He also had other desires: "But I was drawn to teaching." And in the structure of this phrase with its expressive dash, and in the choice of words, the mood of the hero is conveyed, the most cherished is expressed.
“But something was starting to shake.” This line, conveying a sense of time, gives way to further narration, reveals the meaning of the episode “In the Vladimir Oblono”, written in an ironic vein: and although “every letter in my documents was touched, they walked from room to room”, and then - for the second time - again they “were like from room to room, called, creaked”, the position of the teacher was nevertheless given, in the order they printed: “Peat product”.
The soul did not accept the settlement with the following name: "Peat product": "Ah, Turgenev did not know that it was possible to compose such a thing in Russian!" The irony here is justified: and in it is the author's sense of the moment. The lines following this ironic phrase are written in a completely different tone: “The wind of calmness drew me from the names of other villages: High Field, Talnovo, Chaslitsy, Shevertni, Ovintsy, Spudni, Shestimirovo.” Ignatich "enlightened" when he heard the people's dialect. The speech of the peasant woman "struck" him: she did not speak, but sang touchingly, and her words were the very ones that longing from Asia pulled me after.
The author appears before us as a lyricist of the finest warehouse, with a developed sense of the Beautiful. In the general plan of the narrative, lyrical sketches, heartfelt lyrical miniatures will find their place. "High Field. From one name the soul cheered ”- this is how one of them begins. The other is a description of a “drying dammed river with a bridge” near the village of Talnovo, which Ignatich “liked”. So the author brings us to the house where Matryona lives.
"Mother's Yard". Solzhenitsyn did not accidentally name his work that way. This is one of the key images of the story. The description of the courtyard, detailed, with a mass of details, is devoid of bright colors: Matryona lives "in the wilderness." It is important for the author to emphasize the inseparability of the house and the person: if the house is destroyed, its mistress will also die.
“And the years went by, as the water floated…” As if from a folk song, this amazing proverb came into the story. It will contain the whole life of Matryona, all the forty years that have passed here. In this house, she will survive two wars - German and Patriotic, the death of six children who died in infancy, the loss of her husband, who went missing in the war. Here she will grow old, remain lonely, suffer need. All her wealth is a rickety cat, a goat and a crowd of ficuses.
Matrena's poverty looks from all angles. But where will prosperity come from in a peasant house? “It was only later that I found out,” says Ignatich, “that year after year, for many years, Matryona Vasilievna did not earn a single ruble from anywhere. Because she didn't get paid. Her family did little to help her. And on the collective farm she worked not for money - for sticks. For sticks of workdays in a filthy record book. These words will be supplemented by the story of Matryona herself about how many grievances she endured, bustling about her pension, about how she got peat for the stove, hay for the goat.
The heroine of the story is not a character invented by the writer. The author writes about a real person - Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova, with whom he lived in the 50s. Natalya Reshetovskaya's book "Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Reading Russia" contains photographs taken by Solzhenitsyn of Matrena Vasilievna, her house, and the room that the writer rented. His story-recollection echoes the words of A. T. Tvardovsky, who recalls his neighbor, aunt Daria,
With her hopeless patience,
With her hut without canopy,
And with an empty workday,
And with the labor of the night - not fuller ... With all the trouble -
Yesterday's war
And a grave current misfortune.
It is noteworthy that these lines and Solzhenitsyn's story were written at about the same time. In both works, the story of the fate of the peasant woman develops into reflections on the brutal ruin of the Russian village in the war and post-war period. “But can you tell me about it, what years you lived ...” This line from M. Isakovsky’s poem is consonant with the prose of F. Abramov, who tells about the fate of Anna and Lisa Pryaslins, Marfa Repina ... This is the literary context in which the story “Matryona’s Yard” falls "!
But Solzhenitsyn's story was written not only to reiterate the suffering and troubles that a Russian woman endured. Let us turn to the words of A. T. Tvardovsky, taken from his speech at the session of the Governing Council of the European Writers Association: “Why is the fate of an old peasant woman, told in a few pages, of such great interest to us? This woman is unread, illiterate, a simple worker. And, however, her spiritual world is endowed with such a quality that we talk with her, as with Anna Karenina.
After reading this speech in Literaturnaya Gazeta, Solzhenitsyn immediately wrote to Tvardovsky: “Needless to say, the paragraph of your speech referring to Matryona means a lot to me. You pointed to the very essence - to a woman who loves and suffers, while all the criticism scoured all the time from above, comparing the Talnovsky collective farm and neighboring ones.
So two writers come to the main theme of the story "Matryona Dvor" - "how people live." In fact: to survive what Matrena Vasilievna Zakharova experienced, and remain a disinterested, open, delicate, sympathetic person, not be embittered at fate and people, to keep your “radiant smile” until old age ... What mental strength is needed for this ?!
This is what Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn wants to understand and wants to tell about. The whole movement of the plot of his story is aimed at comprehending the secret of the character of the main character. Matryona reveals herself not so much in her ordinary present as in her past. She herself, recalling her youth, confessed to Ignatich: “It was you who had not seen me before, Ignatich. All my bags were, I didn’t consider five pounds a weight. The father-in-law shouted: “Matryona! You'll break your back!" The divir did not come up to me to put my end of the log on the front end.
Young, strong, beautiful, Matryona was from that breed of Russian peasant women that "stops a galloping horse." And it was like this: “Once the horse, frightened, carried the sleigh into the lake, the men jumped off, and I, however, grabbed the bridle and stopped ...” - says Matryona. And at the last moment of her life, she rushed to "help the peasants" at the crossing - and died.
Matryona will be revealed most fully in the dramatic episodes of the second part of the story. They are connected with the arrival of the "tall black old man", Thaddeus, the brother of Matryona's husband, who did not return from the war. Thaddeus came not to Matryona, but to the teacher to ask for his eighth-grader son. Left alone with Matryona, Ignatich forgot to think about the old man, and even about herself. And suddenly from her dark corner she heard:
“- I, Ignatich, once almost married him.
She got up from the shabby rag bed and slowly came out to me, as if following her words. I leaned back - and for the first time I saw Matryona in a completely new way ...
- He was the first to marry me ... before Yefim ... He was an older brother ... I was nineteen, Thaddeus was twenty-three ... They lived in this very house then. Theirs was a house. Built by their father.
I looked around involuntarily. This old gray decaying house suddenly appeared to me through the faded green skin of the wallpaper, under which mice were running, as young, not yet darkened then, planed logs and a cheerful resinous smell.
- And you him? .. And what? ..
“That summer ... we went with him to sit in the grove,” she whispered. - There was a grove here ... Almost didn’t come out, Ignatich. The German war has begun. They took Thaddeus to war.
She dropped it - and flashed before me blue, white and yellow July of the fourteenth year: still a peaceful sky, floating clouds and people boiling with ripe stubble. I imagined them side by side: a resin hero with a scythe across his back; her, ruddy, hugging the sheaf. And - a song, a song under the sky ...
- He went to war - disappeared ... For three years I hid, waited. And no news, and no bones ...
Tied with an old faded handkerchief, Matrona's round face looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp - as if freed from wrinkles, from everyday careless attire - frightened, girlish, before a terrible choice.
Where, in what work of modern prose can one find the same inspired pages that could be compared with Solzhenitsyn's sketches? Compare the strength and brightness of the character depicted in them, the depth of his comprehension, the penetration of the author's feeling, expressiveness, juiciness of the language, and their dramaturgy, artistic linkages of numerous episodes. In modern prose - nothing.
Having created a charming character, interesting for us, the author warms the story about him with a lyrical sense of guilt. “There is no Matryona. A family member was killed. And on the last day I reproached her for her quilted jacket. Comparison of Matryona with other characters, especially noticeable at the end of the story, in the wake scene, strengthened the author's assessments: “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she is the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand.
Neither city.
Not all our land."
The words concluding the story bring us back to the original version of the name - "A village does not stand without a righteous man."
Questions and tasks for an indicative and analytical conversation on the story "Matryona Dvor"
1. Highlight autobiographical moments in the story "Matryona Dvor".
2. Solzhenitsyn-landscape painter. Prepare an expressive reading of landscape sketches, a stylistic commentary on them. What description is associated with the title of the story?
3. Expand the topic "Matryona's past and present." Show what role in the story "Matryona Dvor" plays one and the other plan.
4. Name other characters in the story. What role did they play in the fate of the main character?
5. Why was the heading "A village without a righteous man" impossible? Expand its philosophical meaning.
ANALYSIS OF A.I. SOLZHENITSYN’S STORY “MATRENIN’S YARD”
The purpose of the lesson: to try to understand how the writer sees the phenomenon of "simple man", to understand the philosophical meaning of the story.
Methodical techniques: analytical conversation, comparison of texts.
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Teacher's word
The story "Matryona Dvor", like "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", was written in 1959, and published in 1964. "Matrenin Dvor" is an autobiographical work. This is Solzhenitsyn's story about the situation in which he found himself, returning "from the dusty hot desert", that is, from the camp. He "wanted to get lost in the very interior of Russia", to find "a quiet corner of Russia away from the railways." The former prisoner could only be hired for hard work, he also wanted to teach. After rehabilitation in 1957, Solzhenitsyn worked for some time as a physics teacher in the Vladimir region, lived in the village of Miltsevo with a peasant woman, Matrena Vasilievna Zakharova (where he completed the first edition of In the First Circle). The story "Matryona Dvor" goes beyond ordinary memories, but acquires a deep meaning, is recognized as a classic. He was called "brilliant", "a truly brilliant work." Let's try to understand the phenomenon of this story.
P. Checking homework.
Let's compare the stories "Matryona Dvor" and "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich".
Both stories are the stages of the writer's comprehension of the phenomenon of the "common man", the bearer of mass consciousness. The heroes of both stories are “ordinary people”, victims of a soulless world. But the attitude towards the characters is different. The first one was called “A village cannot stand without a righteous man”, and the second one – Shch-854” (One day for one convict)”. "Righteous" and "zek" are different assessments. The fact that Matryona appears as “high” (her apologetic smile in front of the formidable chairman, her compliance with the insolent pressure of relatives), in the behavior of Ivan Denisovich, is indicated as “earn some money”, “give a rich brigadier dry felt boots directly to the bed”, “run through the supply rooms, where someone needs to be served, sweep or bring something. Matryona is depicted as a saint: “Only she had fewer sins than her rickety cat. She choked mice ... ". Ivan Denisovich is an ordinary person with sins and shortcomings. Matryona is not of this world. Shukhov is at home in the world of the Gulag, he almost settled down in it, studied its laws, developed a lot of adaptations for survival. For 8 years of his imprisonment, he merged with the camp: “He himself didn’t know whether he wanted freedom or not,” he adapted: “It’s as it should be - one works, one watches”; “Work is like a stick, there are two ends in it: if you do it for people, give quality, if you do it for a fool, show off.” True, he managed not to lose his human dignity, not to stoop to the position of a "wick" that licks bowls.
Ivan Denisovich himself is not aware of the surrounding absurdity, he is not aware of the horror of his existence. He meekly and patiently bears his cross, like Matrena Vasilievna.
But the patience of a heroine is akin to the patience of a saint.
In "Matryona's Dvor" the image of the heroine is given in the perception of the narrator, he evaluates her as a righteous person. In "One day in Ivan Denisovich" the world is seen only through the eyes of the hero, evaluated by him. The reader also assesses what is happening and cannot but be horrified, but experience the shock of the description of the “almost happy” day.
How is the character of the heroine revealed in the story?
What is the theme of the story?
Matryona is not of this world; the world, those around her condemn her: “and she was unclean; and did not chase the equipment; and not careful; and she didn’t even keep a pig, for some reason she didn’t like to feed it; and, stupid, helped strangers for free ... ".
In general, he lives "in the wilderness." See Matryona's poverty from all angles: “For many years, Matryona Vasilievna did not earn a single ruble from anywhere. Because she didn't get paid. Relatives helped her a little. And on the collective farm, she worked not for money - for sticks. For sticks of workdays in a littered account book.
But the story is not only about the suffering, troubles, injustice that befell the Russian woman. A.T. Tvardovsky wrote about it this way: “Why is the fate of the old peasant woman, told on a few pages, of such great interest to us? This woman is unread, illiterate, a simple worker. And, however, her spiritual world is endowed with such a quality that we talk with her, as with Anna Karenina. Solzhenitsyn answered this to Tvardovsky: “You pointed out the very essence - a loving and suffering woman, while all the criticism scoured all the time from above, comparing the Talnovsky collective farm and neighboring ones.” Writers come to the main theme of the story - "how people live." To survive what Matryona Vasilievna had to go through, and remain a disinterested, open, delicate, sympathetic person, not to get angry at fate and people, to keep her “radiant smile” until old age - what mental strength is needed for this!
The movement of the plot is aimed at comprehending the secrets of the character of the main character. Matryona is revealed not so much in the ordinary present as in the past. Recalling her youth, she says: “It was you who had not seen me before, Ignatich. All my bags were, I didn’t consider five pounds heavy. The father-in-law shouted: “Matryona, you will break your back!” The divir didn’t come up to me to put my end of the log on the front end. ”It turns out that Matryona was once young, strong, beautiful, one of those Nekrasov peasant women who “stop a galloping horse”: “Since the horse, with a fright, carried the sleigh to the lake, the peasants jumped off, but I, however, grabbed the bridle, stopped ... ”And at the last moment of her life, she rushed to“ help the peasants ”at the crossing - and died.
And Matryona reveals herself from a completely unexpected side when she talks about her love: “for the first time I saw Matryona in a completely new way”, “That summer ... we went with him to sit in the grove,” she whispered. - There was a grove here ... Almost did not come out, Ignatich. The German war has begun. They took Thaddeus to the war... He went to war and disappeared... For three years I hid, waiting. And not news, and not a bone ...
Tied with an old faded handkerchief, Matrona's round face looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp - as if freed from wrinkles, from everyday careless attire - frightened, girlish, before a terrible choice.
These lyrical, light lines reveal the charm, spiritual beauty, depth of Matryona's experiences. Outwardly unremarkable, restrained, undemanding, Matryona turns out to be an unusual, sincere, pure, open person. The more acute is the feeling of guilt experienced by the narrator: “There is no Matryona. A family member was killed. And on the last day I reproached her quilted jacket. “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she is the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither city. Not all our land." The final words of the story return to the original title - "A village does not stand without a righteous man" and fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalizing, philosophical meaning.
What is the symbolic meaning of the story "Matryona Dvor"?
Many symbols of Solzhenitsyn are associated with Christian symbols, images-symbols of the way of the cross, the righteous, the martyr. This is directly indicated by the first name “Matryona Dvora2. And the very name "Matryona Dvor" is of a generalizing nature. The yard, Matrona's house is the haven that the narrator finally finds in search of "interior Russia" after many years of camps and homelessness: "I didn’t like this place in the whole village." The symbolic likening of the House of Russia is traditional, because the structure of the house is likened to the structure of the world. In the fate of the house, as it were, it is repeated, the fate of its mistress is predicted. Forty years have passed here. In this house, she survived two wars - German and Patriotic, the death of six children who died in infancy, the loss of her husband, who went missing in the war. The house decays - the hostess grows old. The house is being dismantled like a man - "by the ribs", and "everything showed that the breakers are not builders and do not assume that Matryona will have to live here for a long time."
As if nature itself opposes the destruction of the house - first a long snowstorm, exorbitant snowdrifts, then a thaw, damp fogs, streams. And the fact that the holy water at Matryona inexplicably disappeared seems to be a bad omen. Matryona dies along with the upper room, with part of her house. The mistress dies - the house is completely destroyed. Matrona's hut was filled until spring, like a coffin, - they were buried.
Matryona's fear of the railway is also symbolic, because it is the train, the symbol of the hostile peasant life of the world, civilization, that will flatten both the upper room and Matryona herself.
Sh. WORD OF THE TEACHER.
The righteous Matryona is the moral ideal of the writer, on which, in his opinion, the life of society should be based. According to Solzhenitsyn, the meaning of earthly existence is not in prosperity, but in the development of the soul. This idea is connected with the writer's understanding of the role of literature, its connection with the Christian tradition. Solzhenitsyn continues one of the main traditions of Russian literature, according to which the writer sees his mission in preaching the truth, spirituality, he is convinced of the need to raise "eternal" questions and seek answers to them. He spoke about this in his Nobel lecture: “In Russian literature, the idea has long been innate to us that a writer can do a lot in his people - and should ... he is an accomplice in all the evil committed in his homeland or by his people.
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 1
1. The story "Matryonin Dvor":
B) is based on fiction;
C) based on eyewitness accounts, contains elements of fiction.
2. The story is told in:
A) in first person
B) from a third party;
C) two narrators.
3. Function of exposition in a story:
A) introduce the reader to the main characters;
B) intrigue the reader with a mystery that explains the slow movement of the train along a segment of the railway track;
C) to acquaint with the place of action and indicate the involvement of the narrator in what happened
events.
4. The narrator settled in Talnovo, hoping to find patriarchal Russia:
A) and was upset when he saw that the inhabitants were unfriendly towards each other;
B) and did not regret anything, because he learned the folk wisdom and sincerity of the inhabitants of Talnovo;
C) and stayed there forever.
5. The narrator, paying attention to the description of everyday life, talking about a middle-aged cat, a goat, mice and cockroaches living freely in Matryona's house:
A) did not approve of the inaccuracy of the hostess, although he did not tell her about it so as not to offend;
B) emphasized that the good heart of Matryona felt sorry for all living things, and she sheltered in the house of those
who needed her compassion;
C) showed the details of village life.
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 2
1. Unlike the detailed description of Thaddeus, the portrait of Matryona is stingy with details:
“The round face of Matryona, tied with an old faded handkerchief, looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp ...” This allows:
B) indicate its belonging to the villagers;
C) to see a deep subtext in the description of Matryona: her essence reveals not a portrait, but how she lives and communicates with people.
2. Reception of the arrangement of images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses in the finale of the story ( ) is called:
3. What the author is talking about: “But it must have come to our ancestors from the Stone Age itself, because, heated once before dawn, it keeps warm food and drink for livestock, food and water for humans all day long. And sleep warmly.
5. How does the fate of the narrator of the story "Matryona Dvor" resemble the fate of the author A. Solzhenitsyn?
5. When was the story "Matryonin Dvor" written?
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 3
1. Matryona told the narrator Ignatich the story of her bitter life:
A) because she had no one to talk to;
B) because he also had to go through difficult times, and he learned to understand and sympathize;
C) because she wanted to be pitied.
2. A short acquaintance with Matryona allowed the author to understand her character. He was:
A) kind, gentle, sympathetic;
B) closed, taciturn;
C) cunning, mercantile.
3. Why was it hard for Matryona to give the upper room during her lifetime?
4. What did the narrator want to work in the village?
5. Indicate on whose behalf the narration is being conducted in Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin Dvor"
B) objective storytelling
D) bystander
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 4
A) went for holy water at Baptism;
B) she cried when she heard Glinka's romances on the radio, taking this music with her heart;
C) agreed to give the upper room for scrapping.
2. Main theme of the story:
A) revenge of Thaddeus Matryona;
B) the alienation of Matryona, who lived closed and lonely;
C) the destruction of Matryona's court as a haven of kindness, love and forgiveness.
3. Waking up one night in the smoke that rushed to save Matryona?
4. The sister-in-law, after the death of Matryona, said about her: "... stupid, she helped strangers for free." Were people strangers to Matryona? What is the name of this feeling, on which Rus' is still based, according to Solzhenitsyn?
5. Indicate the second name of Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin Dvor"
A) "The case at the station Krechetovka"
B) "Fire"
C) “A village does not stand without the righteous”
D) "business as usual"
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 5
A) highlight the hero's solidity, dignity, fortress.
B) to show the resilience of the once “tar hero”, who did not waste his spiritual kindness and generosity;
C) more clearly reveal the anger, hatred, greed of the hero.
2. The narrator is:
A) an artistically generalized character showing a complete picture of events;
B) the character of the story, with his life story, self-characterization and speech;
C) a neutral narrator.
3. What did Matryona feed her tenant?
4. Continue.“But Matryona was by no means fearless. She was afraid of fire, she was afraid of lightning, and most of all for some reason .... "
a) "The village of Torfoprodukt"
b) “A village does not stand without a righteous man”
c) "Backless Matryona"
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 6
1. Depicting the lamentation of relatives for the deceased Matryona,
A) shows the proximity of the heroes to the Russian national epic;
B) shows the tragedy of events;
C) reveals the essence of the sisters of the heroine, who, in tears, argue for the inheritance of Matryona.
2. A tragic omen of events can be considered:
A) the loss of a rickety cat;
B) the loss of the house and everything connected with it;
C) discord in relations with sisters.
3. Matryona's clock was 27 years old and they were in a hurry all the time, why didn't this bother the hostess?
4. Who is Kira?
5. What is the final tragedy? What does the author want to tell us? What worries him?
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 7
1. Solzhenitsyn calls Matryona a righteous woman, without whom the village does not stand, according to the proverb. He came to this conclusion:
A) since Matryona always spoke the right words, her opinion was listened to;
B) because Matryona observed Christian customs;
C) when the image of Matryona became clear to him, close, like her life without the pursuit of good, for outfits.
2. What words begin the story "Matryonin Dvor"?
3. What connects the story "Matryonin Dvor" and?
4. What was the original name of the story "Matryonin Dvor"?
5. What hung "on the wall for beauty" in Matryona's house?
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 8
1. Matryona cooked food in three cast-iron pots. In one - for himself, in the other - for Ignatich, and in the third - ...?
3. What sure remedy did Matryona have to regain her good mood?
4. What event or omen happened to Matryona at Baptism?
5. What is the full name of Matryona .
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 9
1. What part of the house did Matryona bequeath to her pupil Kira?
2. What historical period is the story about?
a) after the revolution
b) after World War II
3. What music heard on the radio did Matryona like?
4. What kind of weather did Matryona call duel?
5. " From the red frosty sun, the frozen window of the canopy, now shortened, filled with a little pink, - and Matryona's face warmed this reflection. Those people always have good faces, who….” Continue.
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 10
1. What was Thaddeus thinking about as he stood at the tombs of his son and the woman he had once loved?
2. What is the main idea of the story?
a) depiction of the severity of the life of the peasantry of collective farm villages
b) the tragic fate of a village woman
c) loss of spiritual and moral foundations by society
d) displaying the type of eccentric in Russian society
3.
Continue: “Not understood and abandoned even by her husband, who buried six children, but did not like her sociable character, a stranger to her sisters, sister-in-law, funny, stupidly working for others for free - she did not accumulate property to death. Dirty white goat, rickety cat, ficuses…
We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the one .... "
4.
5. What artistic details help the author create the image of the main character?
a) lopsided cat
b) potato soup
c) a large Russian stove
d) a silent but lively crowd of ficuses
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 11
1. What is the meaning of the namestory?
a) the story is named after the scene
b) Matrenin yard - a symbol of a special structure of life, a special world
c) a symbol of the destruction of the world of spirituality, goodness and mercy in the Russian village
2. What is the main idea of this story? What Solzhenitsyn puts into the image of the old woman Matryona?
3. What is the feature of the image systemstory?
a) built on the principle of pairing of characters
b) the heroes surrounding Matryona are selfish, callous, they used the kindness of the main character
c) emphasizes the loneliness of the main character
d) designed to highlight the character of the main character
4. Write what was the fate of Matryona.
5. How did Matryona live? Was she happy in life?
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 12
1. Why didn't Matryona have children?
2. What was Thaddeus worried about after the death of his son and former beloved woman?
3. What did Matryona bequeath?
4. How can you characterize the image of the main character?
a) a naive, funny and stupid woman who has worked for others for free all her life
b) an absurd, poor, miserable, abandoned old woman
c) a righteous woman who has not sinned in any way against the laws of morality
a) artistic details
b) in a portrait
c) the nature of the description of the event underlying the story
e) internal monologues of the heroine
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 13
1. What type of traditional thematic classification does this story belong to?
1) Village 2) military prose 3) intellectual prose 4) urban prose
2. What type of literary heroes can Matryona be attributed to?
1) an extra person, 2) a small person, 3) a premature person, 4) a righteous person
3. The story "Matryonin Dvor" is written in the following traditions:
4. The episode of the destruction of the house is:
1) opening 2) exposition 3) climax 4) denouement
5. Traditions of what ancient genre can be found in the story "Matryonin's yard"?
1) parables 2) epics 3) epic 4) lives
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 14
1. What is the original title of the story?
1) “Life is not a lie” 2) “A village does not stand without a righteous man” 3) “Be kind!” 4) "Death of Matryona"
2. The specific subject of the narrative, indicated by the pronoun "I" and the first person of the verb, the protagonist of the work, the intermediary between the image of the author and the reader is called:
3. Words found in the story "Mismatch", "to the ugly", "room" are called:
1) professional 2) dialect 3) words with a figurative meaning
4. Name the technique that the author uses when depicting the characters of Matryona and Thaddeus:
1) antithesis 2) mirror composition 3) comparison
5. Reception of the arrangement of images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses in the finale of the story ( village - city - all our land) is called:
1) hyperbole 2) gradation 3) antithesis 4) comparison
Answers:
Option 1
1 - a
3 - in
4 - a
5 B
Option 2
2- gradation
3 - About the Russian stove.
Option 3
3. “It was not a pity for the chamber itself, which stood idle, as in general, Matryona never spared her labor or goodness. And this room was still bequeathed to Kira. But it was terrible for her to start breaking the roof under which she had lived for forty years.
4. teacher
Option 4
3. She began to throw ficuses on the floor so that they would not suffocate from the smoke.
4. The righteous
Option 5
1. V
2. 2.
3. “Cardboard not peeled”, “cardboard soup” or barley porridge.
4. Trains.
5. b
Option 6
3. If only they didn’t fall behind, so as not to be late in the morning. ”
4. pupil
5. Matryona perishes - Matryonin's yard perishes - Matryonin's world - a special world of the righteous. The world of spirituality, goodness, mercy, about which they also wrote. No one even thinks that with the departure of Matryona, something valuable and important passes away. Righteous Matryona is the moral ideal of the writer, on which the life of society should be based. All the actions and thoughts of Matryona were consecrated with a special holiness, not always clear to others. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryonas in Rus', and without them " do not stand the village". The final words of the story return to the original title - " A village does not stand without a righteous man”and fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalizing, philosophical meaning. Village- a symbol of moral life, the national roots of man, the village - the whole of Russia.
Option 7
1. IN
2. “At one hundred and eighty-four kilometers from Moscow along the branch that goes to Murom and Kazan, for a good six months after that, all the trains slowed down, as it were, to the touch.”
3. It was he who gave it that name.
4. A village does not stand without a righteous person.”
5. Ruble posters about the book trade and about the harvest.
Option 8
1. goat.
2. About electricity.
3. Job.
4. The pot of holy water is missing.
5. Grigorieva Matryona Vasilievna
Option 9
1. Upper room.
2. d) 1956
2. Glinka's romances.
3. Blizzard.
4. "At odds with your conscience."
Option 10
1. “His high forehead was darkened by a heavy thought, but this thought was to save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryonov sisters.”
2. V)
3. "... the righteous, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand."
4. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Matryona? What did Ignatic understand for himself?
5. e) "radiant", "kind", "apologising" smile
Option 11
1. V
2. the moral ideal of the writer, on which the life of society should be based. All the actions and thoughts of Matryona were consecrated with a special holiness, not always clear to others. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryonas in Rus', and without them " do not stand the village»
Option 12
1. Died
2. save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryonov sisters.
3. The true meaning of life, humble
4. IN
The analysis of the story "Matryona Dvor" includes a description of its characters, a summary, the history of creation, the disclosure of the main idea and problems that the author of the work raised.
According to Solzhenitsyn, the story is based on real events, "completely autobiographical."
In the center of the narrative is a picture of the life of the Russian village in the 50s. XX century, the problem of the village, reasoning on the topic of the main human values, questions of kindness, justice and compassion, the problem of labor, the ability to go to the rescue of one's neighbor who found himself in a difficult situation. All these qualities are possessed by a righteous person, without whom "the village is not worth it."
The history of the creation of "Matryonin Dvor"
Initially, the title of the story sounded like this: "A village does not stand without a righteous man." The final version was proposed at an editorial discussion in 1962 by Alexander Tvardovsky. The writer noted that the meaning of the title should not be moralistic. In response, Solzhenitsyn good-naturedly concluded that he was unlucky with names.
Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn (1918 - 2008)
Work on the story was carried out over several months - from July to December 1959. Solzhenitsyn wrote it in 1961.
In January 1962, during the first editorial discussion, Tvardovsky convinced the author, and at the same time himself, that the work should not be published. Nevertheless, he asked to leave the manuscript in the editorial office. As a result, the story saw the light of day in 1963 in Novy Mir.
It is noteworthy that the life and death of Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova are reflected in this work as truthfully as possible - exactly as it was in reality. The real name of the village is Miltsevo, it is located in the Kuplovsky district of the Vladimir region.
Critics warmly welcomed the work of the author, highly appreciating its artistic value. The essence of Solzhenitsyn's work was very accurately described by A. Tvardovsky: an uneducated, simple woman, an ordinary worker, an old peasant woman ... how can such a person attract so much attention and curiosity?
Maybe because her inner world is very rich and sublime, endowed with the best human qualities, and against its background everything worldly, material, empty fades. For these words Solzhenitsyn was very grateful to Tvardovsky. In a letter to him, the author noted the importance of his words for himself, and also pointed out the depth of his writer's view, from which the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work was not hidden - the story of a loving and suffering woman.
Genre and idea of the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn
"Matryona Dvor" refers to the genre of the story. This is a narrative epic genre, the main features of which are the small volume and unity of the event.
Solzhenitsyn's work tells about the unfairly cruel fate of an ordinary person, about the life of villagers, about the Soviet order of the 50s of the last century, when after the death of Stalin the orphaned Russian people did not understand how to live on.
The narration is conducted on behalf of Ignatich, who throughout the entire plot, as it seems to us, acts only as an abstract observer.
Description and characteristics of the main characters
The list of characters in the story is not numerous, it comes down to several characters.
Matrena Grigorieva- an elderly woman, a peasant woman who worked all her life on a collective farm and who was released from heavy manual labor due to a serious illness.
She always tried to help people, even strangers. When the narrator comes to her to rent a place, the author notes the modesty and disinterestedness of this woman.
Matryona never deliberately looked for a tenant, did not seek to cash in on it. All her property consisted of flowers, an old cat and a goat. Matrona's dedication knows no bounds. Even her marital union with the groom's brother is explained by the desire to help. Since their mother died, there was no one to do housework, then Matryona took on this burden.
The peasant woman had six children, but they all died at an early age. Therefore, the woman took up the education of Kira, the youngest daughter of Thaddeus. Matryona worked from early morning until late at night, but she never showed her displeasure to anyone, did not complain about fatigue, did not grumble about her fate.
She was kind and responsive to everyone. She never complained, did not want to be a burden to someone. Matrena decided to give her room to the grown-up Kira, but for this it was necessary to divide the house. During the move, Thaddeus' things got stuck on the railroad, and the woman died under the wheels of the train. From that moment on, there was no person capable of selfless help.
Meanwhile, Matryona's relatives thought only about profit, about how to share the things left from her. The peasant woman was very different from the rest of the villagers. It was the same righteous man - the only one, irreplaceable and so invisible to the surrounding people.
Ignatich is the prototype of the writer. At one time, the hero was serving a link, then he was acquitted. Since then, the man set out to find a quiet corner where he could spend the rest of his life in peace and serenity, working as a simple school teacher. Ignatich found his refuge at Matrena.
The narrator is a private person who does not like excessive attention and long conversations. All this he prefers peace and quiet. Meanwhile, he managed to find a common language with Matryona, however, due to the fact that he understood people poorly, he could only comprehend the meaning of the life of a peasant woman after her death.
Thaddeus- former fiance of Matryona, brother of Yefim. In his youth, he was going to marry her, but he went into the army, and there was no news of him for three years. Then Matryona was given in marriage to Yefim. Returning, Thaddeus almost killed his brother and Matryona with an ax, but he came to his senses in time.
The hero is cruel and unrestrained. Without waiting for the death of Matryona, he began to demand from her part of the house for her daughter and her husband. Thus, it is Thaddeus who is to blame for the death of Matryona, who fell under a train while helping her family pull their house apart. He was not at the funeral.
The story is divided into three parts. The first tells about the fate of Ignatich, that he is a former prisoner and now works as a school teacher. Now he needs a quiet haven, which the kind Matryona gladly provides him.
The second part tells about the difficult events in the fate of the peasant woman, about the youth of the main character and the fact that the war took her lover from her and she had to connect her fate with the unloved man, the brother of her fiancé.
In the third episode, Ignatich learns about the death of a poor peasant woman, tells about the funeral and commemoration. Relatives squeeze tears out of themselves, because circumstances require it. There is no sincerity in them, their thoughts are only occupied with how it is more profitable for themselves to divide the property of the deceased.
Problems and arguments of the work
Matrena is a person who does not require a reward for her bright deeds, she is ready for self-sacrifice for the good of another person. They do not notice it, do not appreciate it and do not try to understand it. Matryona's whole life is full of suffering, starting from her youth, when she had to join her fate with an unloved person, endure the pain of loss, ending with maturity and old age with their frequent illnesses and hard manual labor.
The meaning of the life of the heroine is in hard work, in which she forgets about all her sorrows and problems. Her joy is caring for others, helping, compassion and love for people. This is the main theme of the story.
The problem of the work is reduced to questions of morality. The fact is that in the countryside, material values are placed above spiritual values, they prevail over humanity.
The complexity of Matryona's character, the sublimity of her soul is inaccessible to the understanding of the greedy people surrounding the heroine. They are driven by a thirst for hoarding and profit, which obscures their eyes and does not allow them to see the kindness, sincerity and selflessness of the peasant woman.
Matryona serves as an example that the difficulties and hardships of life temper a strong-willed person, they are unable to break him. After the death of the main character, everything that she built begins to collapse: the house is pulled apart in pieces, the remnants of miserable property are divided, the yard is left to fend for itself. No one sees what a terrible loss has occurred, what a wonderful person has left this world.
The author shows the frailty of the material, teaches not to judge people by money and regalia. The true meaning lies in the moral character. It remains in our memory even after the death of the person from whom this amazing light of sincerity, love and mercy emanated.
