Message on the theme of Mtsyri as a romantic poem. Report: Mtsyri as a romantic poem

The story of the hero on the pages of "Childhood" opens with the fact that Nikolenka wakes up and immediately inquisitively begins to find out why this happened and how he himself should relate to the circumstances of his awakening. Tolstoy peers at how his spiritual life will go and unfold in little Nikolenka. He peers, because the prevailing conditions and attitudes already cease to have their former power over a person, they can no longer push back the significance of his own spiritual movements.

Nikolenka Irteniev is a boy from a noble family, he is brought up according to established rules, he is friends with children from the same families, loves his parents and is proud of them. But Nikolenka's childhood years were restless. He experienced many disappointments both in those close to him and in himself. Creating the image of Nikolenka, Tolstoy relied on the facts of his own life.

The reader is presented with the unique childhood impressions of those very minutes when Nikolenka, who had just turned ten, woke up in the morning in his bed. The time of action at the very beginning of the story is indicated in such a way that it is quite obvious: it was a very long time ago - the date, month, year are marked from afar. "Mother was sitting in the living room and pouring tea ... But although she looked intently, she did not notice ... that we had entered" - this is the boy's vivid perception when entering the living room. As a child, Nikolenka strove for goodness, truth, love and beauty. And the source of all the most beautiful in these years for him was his mother. With love, he recalls the sounds of her voice, which were "so sweet and welcoming", the gentle touch of her hands, "a sad, charming smile."

In the story, everything that is noticed is perceived by Nikolenka himself, and this is then stored in his memory. Of decisive importance is not the environment, but the soul of the person himself, his spiritual work of an ordinary, unremarkable person. The story unfolds, moving from one very specific and very private impression of the boy to another of the same impression. Nikolenka is keenly aware of falsehood and deceit.

Having matured, the hero more than once regretted that in childhood, "without having yet gone through those bitter trials that bring adults to caution and coldness in relationships," he deprived himself of "the pure pleasures of tender childish affection, one by one." strange desire imitate the big ones. Nikolenka Irtenyev often deeply repents of his actions and acutely experiences failures - he is a thinking person, able to analyze his actions and starting to grow up.

When Nikolenka crosses the threshold of childhood, one unconscious attachment to everyone with whom he has so far communicated is not enough. At first, Nikolenka falls into despair, everyone seems alien and hostile to him, unable and unwilling to understand him. And the entire period of adolescence seems to the adult Irteniev a continuous "barren desert."

In L. N. Tolstoy's story "Childhood", the reader watches the boy grow up, analyzes his actions (his own and those around him) together with him, learns to overcome untruth and not be afraid to accept real life the way she is. “No one with such clarity and insight has depicted the complex process of formation spiritual world in a child, as Tolstoy did, - noted B. Bursov in an article on autobiographical trilogy L. N. Tolstoy, - this is the immortality and artistic greatness of his story.

Answers:
1.

Nikolenka Irteniev is a boy from a noble family, he lives and is brought up according to the established rules, he is friends with children from the same families. He loves his parents and is proud of them. But Nikolenka's childhood years were restless. He experienced many disappointments in the people around him, including those closest to him.
As a child, Nikolenka especially strove for goodness, truth, love and beauty. And the source of all the most beautiful in these years for him was his mother. With what love he remembers the sounds of her voice, which were "so sweet and welcoming", the gentle touch of her hands, "a sad, charming smile." Nikolenka's love for his mother and love for God "somehow strangely merged into one feeling," and this made his soul feel "easy, bright and gratifying," and he began to dream about "that God would give happiness to everyone, that everyone would be happy ...".
Big role V spiritual development the boy was played by a simple Russian woman - Natalya Savishna. “Her whole life was pure, selfless love and selflessness”, she instilled in Nikolenka the idea that kindness is one of the main qualities in a person’s life.
Nikolenka acutely feels falsehood and deceit, punishes herself for noticing these qualities in herself. He once wrote a grandmother's birthday poem that included a line saying that he loves his grandmother like mother. His mother had already died by that time, and Nikolenka argues as follows: if this line is sincere, it means that he stopped loving his mother; and if he still loves his mother, it means that he made a falsity in relation to his grandmother. The boy is very tormented by this.
A large place in the story is occupied by the description of the feeling of love for people, and this ability of a child to love others delights Tolstoy. But the author at the same time shows how the world of big people, the world of adults destroys this feeling. Nikolenka was attached to the boy Seryozha Ivin, but did not dare to tell him about his affection, did not dare to take his hand, say how glad he was to see him, “I didn’t even dare to call him Seryozha, but certainly Sergey,” because “every expression of sensitivity proved childishness and that the one who allowed himself to do it was still a boy.” Having matured, the hero more than once regretted that in childhood, "without having yet gone through those bitter trials that bring adults to caution and coldness in relationships," he deprived himself of "the pure pleasures of tender childish affection due to only one strange desire to imitate great ones."
Nikolenka's attitude towards Ilenka Grapu reveals another trait in his character, which also reflects the bad influence of the "big" world on him. Ilenka Grap was from a poor family, he became the subject of ridicule and bullying from the boys of Nikolenka Irtenyev's circle, and Nikolenka also participated in this. But then, as always, he felt a sense of shame and remorse. Nikolenka Irteniev often deeply repents of his bad deeds and is acutely aware of his failures. This characterizes him as a thinking person, able to analyze his behavior and a person beginning to grow up.

This is a small ten-year-old boy with a kind, sensitive heart, a lively and impressionable soul. The formation of Nikolenka's character takes place among various people close to him: parents, brothers and sisters, teachers, courtyards. Relationships with each of them leave a unique mark in the boy’s heart that influences state of mind, thoughts and feelings of Nikolenka. A responsive and impressionable child carefully observes not only the events taking place in the external world, but also changes in his inner world. This attentiveness to all the movements of her own soul helps Nikolenka to cope with many problems, to draw the right conclusions. It seems to me that in the future a kind, observant, sympathetic and honest person will grow out of Nikolenka.

"- a peculiar, "original" nature, which, by its complexity, noticeably stands out from a number of other children and adults, bred by the author in his story.

Childhood. Adolescence. Youth. Screen adaptation of the trilogy by L. N. Tolstoy (1973)

Especially striking when we get to know Nikolenka Irteniev is the consciousness of his life and the rare ability to treat himself truthfully. The disturbed immediacy of his childish soul early showed in him - he treats his joys and sorrows not like a child: he is still a child - and at the same time already a merciless psychologist who, with morbid curiosity, delves into his own soul and into other people's souls. This tendency to psychological analysis develops amazing observation in him, makes him think about all the phenomena of life, understand them and, most often, suffer and suffer, because, on the one hand, he does not have spiritual integrity, and, on the other hand, he is possessed by "egotism" - an exceptional, painful interest, mainly in his complex "I".

Eternally analyzing everything, he finally lost the ability to perceive directly, in a childish way, the impressions of being; preoccupied exclusively with himself, subordinating everything to his "I", he nevertheless struggles with great effort against the influence of the environment - that is why he is always in the grip of his pride, which therefore takes on the painful forms of excessive shyness, suspicion, suspiciousness, even envy of others. That is why he suffers, looking at others who live simply, seeing that their life is easier for themselves and for all those around them; he is always tormented by the thought of what others will say about him - it seems to him that he is always making mistakes, that everyone condemns him.

The story "Childhood" became the first work of the 24-year-old Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy and immediately opened the way for him not only to Russian, but also to world literature. The young writer sent it to the editor-in-chief of the most famous at that time literary magazine"Contemporary", Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, along with money in case the manuscript was returned, but the poet could not help but see that the creation of a real talent fell into his hands. Although Tolstoy's subsequent books brought him even greater fame, Childhood did not fade in the least in comparison with them. There was depth, moral purity, and wisdom in the work.

The main character of the work is 10-year-old Nikolenka Irteniev. The boy grows up noble family in a rural estate, he is surrounded by the closest and most beloved people: a teacher, brother, sister, parents, nanny.

Readers get acquainted with the world of Nikolai through his story, and many of his actions are analyzed by a young man who has already grown up, but for whom childhood memories are so vivid that he carried them through many years. And they form the personality. Already on early stages growing up it becomes quite clear what you will be.

What can be said about Nicholas? He is smart but lazy, so learning doesn't always go smoothly. However, the boy's conscientiousness and kindness fully compensate for the lack of diligence. He is very attached to close people, subtly feels their mood. Especially touching is his tenderness for his mother. In addition, he is prone to prudence and reflection: he likes to delve into himself, sort through thoughts and feelings. But a firm character has not yet developed in him: for example, he follows the lead of a friend and commits a low deed.

In little Nikolai there was all the best that later formed an adult personality. But he laments, where have gone the purity and sensitivity, which were in abundance in childhood, and which he does not find in himself today? Have they disappeared without a trace? No, it's just that in a world where emotions are usually restrained, sincere impulses were locked deep in the soul.

Karl Ivanovich

Tolstoy devotes the first chapter of the story to the teacher, Karl Ivanovich, whom little Nicholas He loves him very much, although he is sometimes angry with him like a child. The boy sees kind heart mentor, feels his great affection, he describes him as a person with a clear conscience and a calm soul. The pupil feels sorry for his dear teacher and sincerely wishes him happiness. His heart responds to the old man's feelings.

But Kolya is not at all perfect, it happens that he gets angry, scolds his teacher or nanny to himself, does not want to study, thinks a lot about himself and puts his “I” above others, participates in bullying along with others over Ilenka Grap. But who didn't do the same as a child? The reader will recognize himself in many ways: how he wants to grow up as soon as possible and stop doing his homework, how he dreams of becoming handsome, because then it is very important, as any mistake is perceived as a tragedy. Therefore, the teacher was characterized by patience and restraint, as well as a sense of humor and sincere affection for the boy.

Mother

Nikolai is a very sensitive child, he loved his mother very much, but he only remembers her kind eyes, affection and love. Just to be with her, to feel the touch of her hands, to thrill from her tenderness was real happiness for him. She died early, it was then that his childhood ended. The grown-up hero thinks that if he could see maman's smile in the most difficult moments of his life, he would never know grief.

A ten-year-old boy has a very rich inner life, selfishness and love for loved ones, good and evil often struggle in him, and yet the morality already laid down helps to make the right human choice already in the subconscious. It has a lot of conscience and shame. He very deeply analyzes his feelings, any of their external manifestations are often supported by an internal contradiction. Nikolai notices that his tears bring him pleasure, that, having lost his mother, he grieves as if for show. His prayers are always for the health and well-being of loved ones, for mom and dad, for poor Karl Ivanovich, he asks God to give happiness to everyone. It is in this compassionate impulse that the influence of the mother is manifested, to whom the writer does not pay much attention. He shows her through his son, kind soul did not sink into oblivion when the body died, she remained on earth in a child who took over her responsiveness and tenderness.

Dad

Nikolenka also loves her father very much, but this feeling is different from tenderness for her mother. Dad is an undoubted authority, although we see a person with many shortcomings in front of us: he is a player, a spendthrift, a womanizer.

But the hero talks about all this without any condemnation, he is proud of his father, considering him a knight. Although dad is undoubtedly stricter, tougher than mom, he has the same kind heart and endless Love to children.

Natalya Savishna

This is a woman old age, who is in the service of the family of Nikolai (she was the nanny of his mother). She is a serf, like the other servants. Natalya Savishna is kind and modest, her look expressed "calm sadness." In her younger years she was a plump and healthy girl, but in her old age she was hunched over and haggard. Her hallmark is selflessness. She devoted all her strength to caring for the master's family. Nikolai often speaks of her diligence, diligence, good morals.

The main character trusted the old woman with his experiences, because her sincerity and honesty were undeniable. She is proud only of the fact that she has never stolen from the masters, so they entrust her with the most responsible affairs. The heroine's love for the whole family was all the more surprising, because Nikolenka's grandfather forbade her to marry her beloved. However, she did not hold a grudge.

Sonya, Katya and Serezha

Kolya is still at the age when playing Robinson, where you can swim along an imaginary river, go hunting in the forest with a stick-gun, brings pleasure, without such childishness it is difficult for him to imagine his life.

The hero describes a not very long period of his childhood, but manages to fall in love three times: with Katenka, Seryozha and Sonya. These are completely different feelings, but they are childishly pure and naive. Love for Seryozha made him imitate and bow before him, and this led to a very cruel act. Nikolai did not stand up for Ilenka Grapa, whom they had unfairly offended, although he could sympathize even with a wounded bird. As an adult, he considers this the most unpleasant memory of a bright happy childhood. He is very ashamed of his callousness and rudeness. Love for Katya was a very tender feeling, he kissed her hand twice and burst into tears from overflowing emotions. She was something very sweet and dear to him.

The feeling for Sonya was very bright, made him different: confident, handsome and very charming. It instantly overwhelmed him all, everything that was before her became insignificant.

Nikolai's childhood plunges every reader into his bright memories and gives hope that the kindness, love, purity that was there cannot completely disappear. She lives in us, we should just not forget that happy time.

Interesting? Save it on your wall!

I. Nikolenka Irteniev - main character story by L. N. Tolstoy "Childhood". (The story "Childhood" is autobiographical in nature and is written on behalf of the protagonist, Nikolenka Irtenyev. As an adult, he recalls his childhood, its bright and significant pages, acquaints the reader with his childhood thoughts, feelings, experiences.)

II. The first meeting with the hero. (The first acquaintance with Nikolenka Irtenyev gives us an idea of ​​him as an impressionable and sensitive boy. Waking up in the morning, he is angry with Karl Ivanovich because he killed a fly over his head with a cracker. But then the teacher sits down on the bed next to Nikolenka, says kind words to him, tickles his heels. And Nikolenka’s heart is filled with love for the teacher, whom he just hated. righteous feelings for Karl Ivanovich, gets upset and suddenly cries.)

Sh. Nikolenka's love for his mother. (The most penetrating pages of the story "Childhood" are dedicated to the mother. The memories associated with her are dear to the author. He remembers the happy evenings spent with his mother in the living room, the gentle hands that so often caressed him, the sad and charming mother's smile. "If in difficult moments of my life I could even catch a glimpse of this smile, I would not know what grief is," he says.)

IV. Attitude of Nikolenka Irteniev to Karl Ivanovich and Natalya Savishna. (Many years have passed, but Irtenyev’s memory carefully preserves the memories of Karl Ivanovich and Natalya Savishna. The author tells with love about his teacher, recalls how his father undeservedly offended Karl Ivanovich, deciding to fire him, and how happy everyone was that they good mentor stay with them. Nikolenka is grateful to Natalya Savishna, who had "a strong and beneficial influence on the development of his sensitivity.")

v. Nikolenka's ability to self-assessment and introspection. (Despite his young age, Nikolenka is already able to evaluate and analyze his actions. When Natalya Savishna punishes him for a misconduct in the dining room, lordly arrogance suddenly appears in him: Natalya Savishna, “just Natalya”, whipped him like a yard boy. Nikolenka wants to take revenge on “daring Natalya” for the insult. But when she “timidly approached” him and, putting caramels, became to feel sorry for him, Nikolenka did not have enough strength to look into the eyes of Natalya Savishna, tears flowed from him, but "not from anger, but from love and shame."

Until now, the author cannot explain to himself the cruelty of his act towards Ilenka Grap. This is "the only dark spot of his childhood memories. It was this episode that made him take a fresh look at Seryozha Ivin: he realized that the boy was not worthy of his love.)

VI. The moral growth of Nikolenka Irteniev. (Throughout the story, we follow the actions of the hero, learn about his feelings, experiences, see how his ability to evaluate his actions grows, we become witnesses of those internal changes that occur in Nikolenka by the end of the story.)