The fairy tale "The Hare and the Fox" is a work for the little ones. Animals in Russian folk tales
The main character of “Tales about the brave hare Long-Ears-Slanty-Eyes-Short-Tail” by D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak from the collection “Alyonushka’s Tales” is an ordinary hare who lived in the forest along with other hares. He, like all his relatives, was afraid of everything and everyone - forest rustles, a flying bird and, of course, the wolf. Time passed and then one day the hare got tired of being afraid. He loudly announced to all the inhabitants of the forest that he was no longer afraid of anyone.
Other hares gathered - and wise ones life experience, and young hares, and female hares. And everyone listened incredulously to the newly-minted brave man. And when they realized what he was talking about, they began to make fun of him, his words were so ridiculous. Where has it been seen that the hare is not afraid of anyone? And the hero of the fairy tale became so brave that he threatened to eat the wolf himself! The wolf was just passing by at that time and, having heard the braggart’s speeches, decided to come closer, see who was so brave there, and eat him.
Seeing the wolf, the brave hare first froze in fear, and then, trying to escape from the predator, jumped sharply, and quite accidentally landed right on the wolf’s head, after which he started running and could not stop for a long time from fear. He thought that the wolf was chasing him, but at that time the wolf was running in a completely different direction. The blow to his head was very strong, and the wolf decided that he had been shot.
When the hares remaining in the clearing came to their senses, they went in search of the brave man. They found him with difficulty and began to praise him for his bravery. The hare realized that the wolf had run away from him and from then on began to believe that he was really not afraid of anyone. That's how it is summary fairy tales
The main meaning of the tale about the brave hare is that life largely depends on own attitude someone to the outside world. If you are always afraid and wary of various troubles, then these troubles will always spin in your head and interfere with your life. And if you find the strength to overcome fear, then luck will be on your side. The fairy tale teaches not to be afraid of dangers, but to try to overcome them, to actively fight far-fetched fears.
I liked it in the fairy tale main character, brave hare. He was tired of being afraid of something all the time and decided to become brave, and soon he was able to prove his courage in practice by scaring the wolf.
What proverbs fit the fairy tale?
Fear has big eyes.
Bravery trumps strength.
Is it possible to talk about a hare as a cowardly animal?
Cowardice is rather a human character trait. But animal psychology is a relatively young science, and people tend to attribute to animals what is characteristic of themselves.
How does a hare behave in natural conditions? In order not to get caught in the teeth of a predator, the hare hides, and if the predator does find it, it suddenly takes off and runs. A person who hides from danger may be considered cowardly. An alternative behavior is to meet the danger face to face, “in combat.” These stereotypes can also be discussed and their history can be found out.
But from the point of view of nature, the behavior of a hare is extremely rational. He knows how to camouflage himself well - that's why he hides. And so, by the way, it ensures the survival of its offspring. He runs very fast over short distances, so it makes sense for him to run for his life. Many herbivores behave this way. For example, fallow deer, deer. Remember the cycle of fairy tales by Felix Salten about the fawn Bambi. There are hares and deer in good relations. They consider each other “their own”. Of course, this is a fairy tale, and it ideologizes these relationships: they say, deer and hares are “friends” because neither one nor the other kills anyone.
But in general, a real hare is not such a small and weak animal. The length of his body is 60-70 cm. And if he stands on his hind legs, then his “height” can reach 80 cm. This does not take into account the length of his ears. He has on the front and hind legs has claws, and in some cases it is capable of repelling a predator. If the hare is standing, it will kick with its front paws. If he falls over on his back, he will kick with his hind legs, which are much stronger than his front ones. He can even rip open a fox's belly. Therefore, the fox does not always decide to attack the hare.
The common idea that a hare “constantly trembles with fear” is associated with the peculiarities of its sense of smell. Hares have a very acute sense of smell, and they constantly sniff the air to see if a predator has appeared nearby, or if there is suitable food nearby. When a hare sniffs, he moves his nose very quickly, and this also causes his upper lip to move. From the outside it may look like the hare is trembling.
Another “popular” misconception concerns hare “squint.” A hare's eyes are located not like a person's, but different sides heads. And the hare looks differently: a person has a field of vision different eyes intersect, and a single image appears in the brain. But a hare’s fields of vision do not intersect. Each eye “sees its own thing.” Horses, sheep, cows, goats, mice, squirrels and many other animals view the world in exactly the same way. They too could be considered “oblique”. In fact, they often say about a horse that it “crosses its eye.”
In general, a hare, like any other animal, is an incredibly interesting creature. Well, the fact that, while reading fairy tales, children sympathize with the hare and feel sorry for him, is good. Perhaps someday they will see a living hare and be very surprised - it will be so different from the fairy-tale hare. But it is useful to be surprised.
Lesson objectives:
1. Educational aspect. Create conditions for the formation of full-fledged reading skills, the ability to work independently with text, the ability to work in a static pair, in a static group (in a group of permanent members.
2. Developmental aspect. Create conditions for the development of students’ oral coherent speech and ability to analyze work of art, the ability to analyze the character of a hero based on a plan, the ability to evaluate characters, the ability to recreate what they read, the ability to reveal cause-and-effect relationships.
3. Educational aspect. Create conditions to attract students' attention to the main idea of the fairy tale: good always comes back with good.
Create conditions for cultivating courage and mutual assistance through the disclosure of deep moral understanding the meaning of the work.
Equipment: computer presentation, textbook, book exhibition, hero description cards, task cards (game “Lost and Found”, dossier), fairy tale text, certificates for reflection.
Ι Organizational moment.
1. Psychological attitude students.
– Good morning!
We are glad to hear the call,
The lesson begins!
It's interesting for us to read
Think, argue, reflect!
- Let's smile at each other. Let the lesson bring us all the joy of communication, and let your helpers be: attention, resourcefulness, and ingenuity.
2. Articulation gymnastics.
– I suggest setting up your speech apparatus.
At-at-at-at - we will read a lot.
Aniya-aniya- we check knowledge.
Lu-lu-lu – I love fairy tales very much.
Gu-gu-gu - I will always help a friend.
– Who loves fairy tales?
– Are there any assistants among you?
- Do you know who the detectives are?
-What do detectives do?
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ΙΙ Updating knowledge.
– Let’s see which of you is ready to become a detective? Let's conduct the first investigation.
- I need your help.
Game "Lost and Found".
– Read the words in each column carefully.
– What can these words mean?
L. Panteleev “Two Frogs” fairy tale
V. Gorbovsky “Pink Elephant” poem
V. Chaplin's "Mushka" story
Russian people "Boasting Hare" fairy tale
– Establish a correspondence between in the words of three columns.
– If anyone can complete this task on their own, get to work. And the rest will be helped by the content at the end of the textbook.
- Let's check how you coped with the investigation.
“You did a good job, I accept you as a detective.”
cards
Slide
Textbook p. 189
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ΙΙΙ Production educational task.
– Eliminate works that have already been studied and formulate the topic of the lesson.
– Russian folk tale “The Boasting Hare.”
– There is no such thing in life, the nature of which would not provide clues for a fairy tale. So the hare is often the hero of fairy tales.
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IV Transition to the topic.
– What fairy tales with the participation of a hare do you know?
“Fear has big eyes” r.s.
“Zayushkina hut” r.s.
“The Bunny’s Complaints” by K.D. Ushinsky
"The Fox and the Hare" r.s.
"Kolobok" r.s.
"Teremok" r.s.
Mystery.
Long Ears is very clever
In the morning he gnaws on carrots.
He is from the wolf and the fox
He quickly hides in the bushes.
Who is he, this gray one,
What's going head over heels?
Gray in summer, white in winter,
Tell me, is he familiar to you?
– What helped you solve the riddle?
-What do you know about the hare?
– What kind of character does a hare usually have?
– Read the words and choose those that are inherent in the character of the hare. Explain your choice.
(Greedy, cheerful, cowardly, strong, brave, dexterous, stupid, unhappy, cautious, agile, curious, clumsy).
- Well young detectives, you are ready for new challenges.
– Sometimes authors change the usual character of the hero in their works.
– Today we will read the Russian folk tale “The Boasting Hare” and conduct an investigation. Let's collect as much information as possible about the hare.
- But before we start searching, we need to check our physical fitness.
Physical education minute.
We walk on our toes so that no one finds us.
We reach out to get an important package from the top shelf.
They hid in the thick grass.
Raising our legs high, we step over the traps.
Now let's see how attentive you are.
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Book exhibition
Slide
Photos of hares
Board
Cards
V Solving a learning problem.
1. Vocabulary work.
– There will be words in the text, let’s clarify their meaning.
- Who is this brag?
Boast - one who boasts.
Boasting is excessive praise of one's virtues.
Peasant - villager.
The threshing floor is a platform for threshing compressed bread.
Kokorina – lower part coniferous tree.
2. Primary reading of the fairy tale by the teacher.
3. Analysis of the character of the hero.
-Where did the hare live?
– What did you do?
– Who did you communicate with?
- Why did the hare boast?
(He wanted to be big, strong, so that everyone would be afraid of him.)
- How did he boast? Read it.
-Who taught the hare a lesson?
-Do you think he has stopped bragging?
-What action did the hero of the fairy tale do?
-How did the crow thank the hare? Read it.
4. Research work.
– What is the hare in this fairy tale?
– To answer this question, I propose to work as detectives again.
– Now you will carefully read the fairy tale and compile a dossier on our hare.
– What is a dossier?
(Collecting information about someone or something.)
– We will collect information on the hero of the fairy tale according to plan:
Name___________________________
Place of residence_______________
Time of year_____________________
Appearance ___________________
Friends_________________________
Enemies__________________________
Actions_______________________
Character (underline the right option): lucky, boastful, lazy, honest, rude, successful, brave, quick-witted, kind, angry, cowardly, talkative, caring.)
– The fairy tale was transferred from the textbook to a sheet of paper. As you read it, you will mark the answers in the text with a red pencil and write them down in your dossier.
5. Checking the results of the work.
– What dossier did you get? Read it.
– What character traits are condemned in the fairy tale?
(Boasting)
– Which ones are encouraged?
(Courage, mutual assistance)
– Why did we compile a dossier on the hero?
(To know and understand him better).
Slide
Textbook
(p. 51-52)
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Slide
Dossier
Fairy tale text
VI Lesson summary. Reflection.
- With what literary work did we meet today?
– What can you say about the hero of this fairy tale?
- Which important discovery What did we do after reading this fairy tale?
– You need to listen to advice. A good deed made the hare brave.
– Which proverb best suits the content of the fairy tale?
One head is good, but two are better.
Die yourself, but help your comrade.
Seven do not wait for one.
Good always comes back in kind.
– Which proverb applies to our work in the classroom?
– You all did a good job and for your work you receive certificates of real detectives.
Certificate
issued to a real detective
_______________________________
02/08/2011
Teacher of the Year 2011
– You need to color the seal. Red - great job. Green – successful work.
– Thank each other for your work.
The lesson is over. Thank you all for your work.
Slide
Certificate
Hare in Russian folk tales represents positive hero, but is depicted in two ways. In some stories, this is a victim, a weak and helpless hero who is afraid of everything. In others, he appears as a clever cunning man who, despite fear, is capable of brave deeds.
The hare in Russian folk tales
Why is the hare credited with cowardice and agility in fairy tales?
The hare in nature eats cabbage, tree bark and root vegetables. He is absolutely harmless as long as nothing threatens him. But for predatory animals it is a real delicacy, so the hare once again resorts to camouflage and running. From the fact that its basic defensive reactions- to hide and run away, he was considered cowardly. But people’s opinion dissipated over time when they saw how the animal could fend for itself in an inevitable fight with a predator. When confronted, it can hit the attacker hard with its hind legs and even rip open the attacker's belly with its strong nails. Most likely, for this reason, the image of the hare in fairy tales changed over time when the stereotypes faded away.
He was endowed with cunning and dexterity by hunters who, from their own experience of catching an animal, know how skillfully it can confuse its tracks and hide.
Nickname for a hare in fairy tales
The hare in fairy tales is always called with tenderness, in a diminutive form - Bunny, Bunny, Bunny, focusing on the cuteness and harmlessness of the character. The only rougher nickname that can be found in folk narratives is Oblique. There are several explanations for its occurrence:
- Firstly, due to the peculiarities of the location of the eyes and its range of vision. Because of this, he always turns his head to look at the person he meets with his peripheral vision.
- Secondly, the hare constantly confuses its tracks, moving in different directions so as not to be tracked by predators. This is a deliberate maneuver, not just a failure to move straight.
False nickname Little Bunny is also quite easy to explain. His trembling is associated with constant muscle tension. This, as well as constant sniffing, is necessary to quickly react to danger. That is, in essence, he is not afraid, he is simply in constant readiness. And yet, if he senses danger, he will immediately run away. Which in human behavior would be considered cowardice.
But running is, indeed, one of the strengths animal, especially at short distances. Therefore, it is not for nothing that in fairy tales they gave him another nickname - Runner Bunny.
The image of a hare in folk tales
Some fairy tales about hares suggest a story about the animal. They explain why his lip is split and his fur coat changes (For example, “Snow and the Hare”). And others show in this image human relations, where by animal we mean a kind, but cowardly and defenseless person.
- "Little Bunny"- demonstrates the cowardice, fight against fear and savvy of this animal;
- "Hare and Bear"- shows the character’s kindness, his altruism, ability to keep his word, responsibility. Here they are positive qualities, which prevail over fearfulness.
- "Bragging Hare"- in this fairy tale, the hero’s courage is manifested when necessary to help others.
- "The Fox and the Hare"- the traditional role of the victim, the defenseless poor fellow, whose kindness is taken advantage of by negative characters.
Fairy tales in which the hare is cunning and brave are mostly authored. But the work was in the spirit to the common people and became part of folklore.
The role of animals in Russian folk art extremely large and varied. Almost all fairy tales feature some kind of animal. Among them are fox, bear, wolf, hare, hedgehog, magpie and others. With these well known bright characters adults tell their children about what is good and what is bad. The first fairy tales in history appeared long before the invention of books and writing and were passed on from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. That's why they are called folk. Let's look at the most popular animals that appear in fairy tales and compare how much their “fairytale” characteristics coincide with their descriptions in real life.
“Fox-sister”, “Fox is beautiful when talking”, “Fox Patrikeevna”, Lisafya, Fox-godmother - this is how the Fox is affectionately called in Russian folk tales. This red-haired cheat is certainly an all-time favorite character. And invariably she is cunning, smart, quick-witted, calculating, vindictive and insidious. So, only she was able to outwit and eat poor Kolobok, deceive a stupid wolf whose tail was frozen to the ice hole, and even deceive a man by pretending to be dead. The main idea of these fairy tales is to tell children that what is important in life is not strength, but cunning. Despite this, the fox is still negative character. In some fairy tales, peaceful animals who have suffered from this red-haired cheat have to work very hard to outwit and teach the Fox herself a lesson.
But is the fox really that cunning and smart? German zoologist Alfred Brehm, in his book “The Life of Animals,” argues that the cunning of the fox in Russian fairy tales is greatly exaggerated, but the intelligence of the wolf, on the contrary, is underestimated. Otherwise, the real common fox is in many ways similar to the “fairytale” one: red fur, a beautiful fluffy tail, the fox often hunts a hare or visits nearby chicken coops.
“Bear Clubfoot”, “Mikhail Potapych” or simply Mishka in its popularity does not lag behind the Fox. This character is often presented in fairy tales as lazy, fat and clumsy. Big and clubfooted, he is slow, stupid and dangerous. Often he threatens the weak with his strength, but in the end he always loses, because it is not strength that is important, but speed, dexterity and intelligence - this is the meaning of fairy tales involving Mishka. The most popular fairy tales- “Three Bears”, “Masha and the Bear”, “Tops and Roots”. However, in real life, brown bear not as slow as one might assume. He can run very fast and, moreover, is not particularly stupid. Otherwise, his “fairy-tale” image has a lot to do with him common features: he is really big, dangerous and a little club-footed: when walking, his toes point slightly inward, and his heels point outward.
photo 1
“Runaway Bunny”, “Cowardly Bunny” or “Slant” is also a very common hero of Russian fairy tales. His main feature- cowardice. In some fairy tales, the Hare is presented as a cowardly, but at the same time boastful, cocky and stupid hero, and in some, on the contrary, as a moderately cautious and intelligent forest animal.
For example, in the fairy tale “The Boastful Bunny” or “Fear has Big Eyes,” the cowardice of the Hare is ridiculed, main idea these fairy tales - you must always be brave. At the same time, in the fairy tale “Zayushkina’s Hut”, the Bunny appears before us positive character who needs support and protection.
In real life, the hare, like its “fairytale” character, is long-eared, fast, agile, careful and attentive. Thanks to the special position of the eyes, the hare can look not only forward, but also backward. During the chase, the hare may “squint” its eye to calculate the distance to its pursuer. For this ability, the hare was nicknamed Oblique. Main enemy the hare, as in fairy tales, is a fox.
“Gray wolf - chuckling his teeth”, “Wolf-wolf - grabbing from under a bush”, “Wolf-fool” is presented in most cases as a negative character, stupid, angry, hungry and dangerous. But, in most cases, he is so stupid that in the end he is left with nothing. For example, “the tale of the Fox and the Wolf” or “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats.” In these fairy tales, the wolf is the embodiment of evil, and the main message for children is that good always triumphs over evil. However, in some fairy tales the wolf appears to us as wise and true friend a person who is always ready to help, an example of this is the fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf.”
In real life, a wolf can indeed be extremely dangerous. He is often hungry and wanders through the forest in search of food. But his intelligence is extremely underrated. The wolf is an intelligent and organized animal; a clear structure and discipline can be seen in the wolf pack. Wolves create incredible things strong couples, their alliances are strong, and the wolves themselves are the real personification of loyalty and love for each other. A tamed wolf can indeed become loyal and devoted friend for a person.
The Prickly Hedgehog has long appeared before us in the image of a kind, smart old man, wise in life. Despite his small stature and small legs, he always emerges victorious thanks to his extraordinary intelligence and cunning. So, for example, in the fairy tale “The Hare and the Hedgehog,” the hedgehog outwitted and killed the poor Hare, with whom they allegedly ran a race, and in the fairy tale “The Magic Wand,” the Hedgehog taught the Hare different life wisdom, explaining that to survive you need to think with your head first.
In real life, the Hedgehog is not distinguished by his outstanding intelligence, but he is not stupid either. When in danger, the hedgehog curls up into a thorny ball, which makes it inaccessible to predators, as stated in fairy tales.
