Critics about the work in the trenches of Stalingrad. Works about the war (story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” by Viktor Platonovich Nekrasov)

Introduction

Chapter 1. Excerpt from the storyV. P. Nekrasova"In the trenches of Stalingrad"

Chapter 2. Analysisexcerpt from the storyV. P. Nekrasova"In the trenches of Stalingrad"

2.1 The problem of patriotism

2.4 The problem of death in war

2.5 Arguments

2.6 Comments on issues

Conclusion

Applications

Introduction

Victory Day is especially dear to every Russian person. It is dear to the memory of those who defended freedom at the cost of their lives. People should always remember the participants in the Great Patriotic War who gave their lives for the freedom and bright future of our country. Their feat is immortal, they fought and defeated fascism. The memory of them will live forever in the hearts of people and Russian literature. Everyone should know at what cost happiness was won, know and remember.

Now those who saw the war not on TV, who endured and experienced it themselves, are becoming fewer and fewer every day. The years, old wounds and experiences that befall the elderly make themselves felt. Fellow soldiers now call each other more often than see each other. But on the ninth of May they always gather together, with medals and orders on their old, but carefully ironed jackets or ceremonial jackets.

The years of the Great Patriotic War will never be forgotten. The further we go, the more vivid and majestic they remain in the memory of people who will more than once experience the sacred, heavy and heroic epic days when the country was at war, young and old. And books and films help to reliably convey this great and tragic event– The Great Patriotic War, which left a deep mark on the history of our state. The trials that befell the people seemed to stop the natural course of history. The war once again showed all the cruelty and inhumanity. Russian literature could not remain aloof from the events in which the fate of the country was decided. Russian writers of that time took an active part in the defeat of the enemy. With the power of their talent they asserted justice on earth.

Viktor Platonovich Nekrasov (Figure 1, Appendix A) is one of those writers who themselves went through the difficult roads of war, who defended their native land with arms in hand. He was born on June 4, 1911 in Kyiv, in the family of a doctor. In 1936 he graduated from the Kiev Construction Institute as an architect, and at the same time studied at theater studio at the theater. After graduation he worked as an actor and theater artist. From 1941 to 1944, Nekrasov was at the front as a regimental engineer and deputy commander of a sapper battalion, participated in the Battle of Stalingrad, and after being wounded in Poland, at the beginning of 1945, he was demobilized with the rank of captain. I began writing the story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” in the hospital after another injury. The work was first published in 1946 in the magazine “Znamya” No. 8–10. It consists of two parts, the first includes 20 chapters, the second - 30. The action of the story covers the entire period of the Battle of Stalingrad - from July 1942 to February 1943. This story was one of the first books about the war written as truthfully as possible at that time. This story was destined to become a milestone for literature that opened the war, and thus in in a certain sense and the world in which people lived before the war and will live after it. The author describes the war as he saw it with his own eyes. Battle of Stalingrad began for him at the crossroads of the summer retreat of 1942, under the bombs of the first raid on the city. Then there were battles in Ukraine, in Poland, one wound, another, a hospital. Plot "disorganization" initial chapters- only a reflection of front-line disorganization. The closer Stalingrad and the Stalingrad battles are, the more concentrated the action of the story. The idea of the length, persistence and inconspicuousness of heroism is constantly present in Nekrasov’s story. The defenders were faced with a war that had been dragging on for the second year, both summer retreats. The relationships that usually developed between the characters are simple, natural, cordial, without confessions or sentiments. Whoever enters the story, whatever position he occupies, whatever capacity he performs, Nekrasov always tests his courage, tests him meticulously. All of them are not sufficiently informed and not all of them can think through to the end. They are moral and humanly significant.

The story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” brought the writer real fame: it was republished with a total circulation of several million copies, translated into 36 languages. For this book, after Stalin read it, Viktor Nekrasov received the Stalin Prize of the second degree in 1947, which the writer donated to purchase wheelchairs for war invalids. Based on the story and Nekrasov’s script, the film “Soldiers” was shot in 1956, and was awarded an award at the All-Union Film Festival.

In 1974, the writer emigrated to Paris. Abroad continued creative work. Viktor Platonovich died on September 3, 1987 in Paris, where he was buried in the Russian cemetery (Figure 2, Appendix B).

In the story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad,” V.P. Nekrasov revealed the truth of the trench - the life of an ordinary infantryman. The author does not depict heroic deeds in battles, but believes that it is in the trenches that the course of battles is decided. In the story there are no generals, no political workers, no “leading role of the party,” but only soldiers and their commanders, there is the Stalingrad trench, courage, heroism and patriotism of the Russian people. Nekrasov’s “Trench Truth” is the harsh truth about the everyday life of war, about people’s misfortune and people’s courage. The view from the trench (Figure 3, Appendix B), seemingly limited, allows the author to create small scenes about the war. But it was precisely these details, “which are remembered for a lifetime,” that seared the souls of contemporaries with the truth about the war. Despite the patriotic motives that are so clearly heard in the text, the war evokes sharp rejection on the part of the writer. In the confrontation between “red crosses” and “black crosses” - symbols of two warring systems - people die. Nekrasov believes that there is nothing worse than this. And this is the property of a strong nature - to protect, to pity the green shoots of life in any of its manifestations: be it a “sad song”, “simple words about the earth”, the death of a soldier. And Nekrasov’s heroes are people with high responsibility for everything that happens around them, who believe in the triumph of justice and humanity.

The story shows how the war is rolling towards Stalingrad. Here is a peaceful city with “the sun creeping out from behind the roofs and cool pancake shadows... And above all this - blue sky" The war was approaching the city like a black cloud. Nazi aviation unleashed an avalanche of deadly cargo on Stalingrad: “Crimson swirling sky. Black, as if cut out with a jigsaw, the silhouette of a hot city.” Seeing what the city has become in a matter of hours, the soldiers heroically fight in its ruins.

V. P. Nekrasov’s book “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” (Figure 4, Appendix D) began a whole trend in literature about the war. The writer spoke about courageous people who heroically overcame the daily hardships of war. Each hero and everyone together fought back their lives from the war - for a day, a month, a year.

There is truth in the story about the heroism of those people who were always considered only cogs in the huge body of the state machine. Nekrasov mercilessly judges those who calmly send people to their deaths, who shoot for a lost pickaxe or mining shovel, who keep people in fear. The pain for the terrible losses and torment is heard in the words of the story: “... there is no regiment, no platoon, and Shiryaev, but there is only a sweaty tunic and Germans in the very depths of Russia.” Nekrasov depicts the life of war, which seems incredible person survive this. Soldiers heroically endure battles, roads, and short-lived settlement in new places. In war, every day is the same, and this whole story soldier's life. “Then they were mining, and everyone was covered, and then we lay in a ravine for a day, and the cap was shot in three places.”

Nekrasov depicts a man in war on the brink between life and death. Another truth terrible war: a second ago there was life, but now it’s no longer there. The main character is amazed: “Comrades are buried over the Volga simply somehow, you were here yesterday, but today you are not, and tomorrow, perhaps, you will not be there either. And the earth will fall just as dully on the coffin, or maybe there will be no coffin, but will cover you with snow, and you will lie there until the end of the war.” The author conveyed the truth about the war and talked about true love to the Motherland, which helped the soldiers survive and win.

Nekrasov’s war is hard work, it’s not only fighting, but also hard physical labor. The soldiers use pickaxes to hammer into the rock-hard soil. They have to be joiners, carpenters, and stove makers. It turns out that in addition to fighting qualities, what is also valued at the front is the ability to survive, adapt to conditions, the ability to build a dugout, get food, and arrange an overnight stay. And for the heroes of the story, war is an ordinary everyday life. Researchers rightfully classify the work of V. P. Nekrasov as a Russian classic military prose.

The topic of the Great Patriotic War is relevant, since this year our country celebrates the seventieth anniversary of the Victory over the German invaders. In the story by V.P. Nekrasov’s “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” shows the importance of struggle and victory, the heroism of people, their moral strength, and devotion to the Motherland.

The purpose of this essay is to analyze an excerpt from the story by V.P. Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad."

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified:

Identify the main problems of the excerpt from the story by V.P. Nekrasov “In the trenches of Stalingrad”;

Analyze the most important problems;

Give arguments;

Make comments.

The object of this essay is an excerpt from the story by V.P. Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad." The subject is the problems discussed in the passage.

The abstract consists of an introduction, the main part, a conclusion, a list of sources used, and applications.

Chapter 1. Excerpt from the storyV. P. Nekrasova"In the trenches of Stalingrad."

Igor flushes. He always gets into trouble with Georgiy Akimovich.

What do you mean by this?

That we don’t know how to fight.

What does it mean to be able to, Georgy Akimovich?

Be able to? To get from Berlin to the Volga - that's what it means to be able to.

You also need to be able to move away from the border to the Volga.

Georgy Akimovich laughs with a small, dry laugh...

Our tanks are no worse than German ones. They are better than the German ones. One tanker for me

spoke...

I don't argue, I don't argue. Perhaps it’s better, I don’t understand it. But

One good tank cannot destroy ten mediocre ones. What do you think?

Wait... we will have a lot of tanks too.

When? When will we be in the Urals?

Igor jumps up as if stung

Who will be in the Urals? Me, you, him? Yes? The hell with it! And you are yourself

you know very well. You are doing all this out of some kind of stubbornness, some kind of

stupid desire to argue, definitely argue.

Georgy Akimovich twitches his nose, eyebrows, and cheeks.

Why are you angry? Sit down. Well, sit down for a minute. You can talk about everything

calmly. – Igor sits down. - So you say that we need to retreat

be able to. Right. Before Napoleon, we also retreated all the way to Moscow. But then we only lost territory, and even then it was a narrow strip. And Napoleon, except snow and burned villages, acquired nothing. And now? There is no Ukraine and Kuban - no bread. There is no Donbass - no coal. Baku is cut off, Dneprostroy is destroyed, thousands of factories are in the hands of the Germans. What are the prospects? Economics is everything now. The army must be shod, clothed, fed, and supplied with ammunition. I'm not even talking about the civilian population. I’m not talking about the fact that we are missing a good fifty million who are under the fascists’ thumb. Are we able to overcome all this? Do you think you can?

I can... Last year it was even worse. The Germans reached Moscow, and

still drove away...

For some time we are silent and watch the black ones floating in the sky,

nasty, so calm and self-confident yellow-winged planes. Georgy Akimovich smokes one cigarette after another. There are already a dozen cigarette butts around him. He looks at one point, to where the planes disappeared.

He once said:

We will fight until the last soldier. Russians always fight like this. But

We still have little chance. Only a miracle can save us. Otherwise we will be crushed. They will crush you with organization and tanks.

Recently at night soldiers walked past. I was on duty by the phone and went out to smoke. They walked and sang, quietly, in an undertone. I didn’t even see them, I only heard their steps on the asphalt and a quiet, even slightly sad song about the Dnieper and the cranes. I approached. The soldiers settled down to rest along the road, on the trampled grass, under the acacias. The lights of the cigarettes were flashing. And someone’s young, quiet voice came from somewhere under the trees.

No, Vasya... Don’t tell me... You won’t find anything better than ours anywhere. By God... Like butter, the earth is fat, real. - He even smacked his lips in a special way. - And when the bread rises, it will cover your head...

And the city was burning, and red reflections were jumping on the walls of the workshops, and somewhere very close machine guns were crackling, now more often, now less often, and rockets were taking off, and the unknown and almost inevitable death lay ahead.

I never saw who said it. Someone shouted, "Get ready to move!" Everyone stirred and rattled their pots. And let's go. We walked with a slow, heavy soldier's step. They went to that unknown place, which must have been marked with a red cross on their commander’s map.

I stood for a long time and listened to the footsteps of the soldiers moving away and then completely dying out.

There are details that are remembered for a lifetime. And not only are they remembered. Small, seemingly insignificant, they eat into you, are somehow absorbed into you, begin to sprout, grow into something big, significant, absorb the whole essence of what is happening, become, as it were, a symbol.

I remember one killed fighter. He lay on his back, arms outstretched, and a cigarette butt stuck to his lip. A small, still smoking cigarette butt. And it was more terrible than anything I saw before and after in the war. More terrible than destroyed cities, ripped open bellies, severed arms and legs. Outstretched arms and a cigarette butt on the lip. A minute ago there was still life, thoughts, desires. Now it’s death.

But in that song, in those in simple words about the earth, fat as butter, about the bread covering your head, there was something... I don’t even know what to call it. Tolstoy called this the hidden warmth of patriotism. Perhaps this is the most correct definition. Perhaps this is the miracle that Georgy Akimovich is waiting for, a miracle stronger than German organization and tanks with black crosses.

But yesterday, before my eyes, a shell exploded near him. About twenty paces away, no more, it exploded. He just bent over slightly and continued to look for the rush. I wrapped the damaged area and then checked the entire wire in the area around the break.

This was a month and a half ago - in July. It's September now. This is our tenth day at this plant. The Germans bombed the city for the tenth day. They are bombing, which means there are still ours there. So, there are battles. So there is a front. So, it’s better now than in July...

Chapter 2.Analysisexcerpt from the storyV. P. Nekrasova"In the trenches of Stalingrad"

2.1 The problem of patriotism

Viktor Platonovich Nekrasov in the above passage shows that only thanks to the patriotism of the Russian people was the Great Patriotic War won! “We will fight until the last soldier. Russians always fight like this,” until the final victory. This thought runs through the entire text in a chain and is the main idea of the work.
Patriotism... This feeling is characteristic of everyone who values the country in which they were born, who is proud of their Motherland. It is this problem that Nekrasov, the author of the above text, raises. It was the feeling of patriotism that helped the Russian people defeat the enemy during the Great Patriotic War. An example of this can be the heroes of V. Nekrasov’s story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad,” who defended Stalingrad and felt a sense of pride for their country.

A sense of patriotism has always been inherent in our people during difficult periods of history. In this sense, Tolstoy’s phrase about the “hidden warmth of patriotism” characteristic of Russian people comes to mind. The author helps us understand that the “hidden warmth of patriotism” is a “miracle”, in difficult moments uniting the entire Russian people. And one cannot help but share his position with the author. The feat of those soldiers who defended Stalingrad is also immortal.

Patriotism can truly work wonders. Sometimes the determination of a soldier and his devotion and love for the Motherland turn out to be a more significant factor in achieving victory than the strategic or technical superiority of the enemy.

The problem of patriotism is complex, deep, and important. It is social and moral because it concerns the entire society as a whole and each person individually. This topic has always been and will be social, because patriotism is a feeling that should be in any person, no matter what time he lived. The author claims that the readiness of a Russian person to give even his life for his Motherland is that very “miracle”. The courage and unprecedented heroism of fighters and civilians turned out to be stronger military equipment and numerical superiority of the enemy. Patriotism - love for the Motherland - is the most important feeling in war, without which victory is impossible. It is love for the homeland that is the key to victory in war.

2.2 Problem true values

Viktor Platonovich Nekrasov in the above passage reveals the problem of true values in war, namely love for one’s own native land, which helps soldiers withstand difficult trials. The author uses Tolstoy’s words “hidden warmth of patriotism” to describe this feeling. Nekrasov calls such patriotism, expressed in love for one’s native land, miraculously stronger than German discipline.

To maintain a soldier's morale, it is very important to realize that he is fighting for his home and his land. “Simple human values” are valuable because they are ordinary, that is, they are in demand by people every day.

A person in war can and is forced to give up many benefits. But he cannot give up his native land: “You won’t find anything better than ours anywhere. By God... Like butter, the earth is fat, real. - He even smacked his lips in a special way. “And when the bread rises, it will cover your head...” During their rest, the fighters admire the beauty of their native land and at the same time understand that their native land can do anything: feed them with its bread, surprise them with its beauty. But she can’t defend herself. And warriors consider it their duty to protect their native land.

The text shows the determination of the fighters to defend their land. The author depicted the war from the inside, through the eyes of a soldier. This means that the war is represented by truth, real and the terrible truth. In the very depiction of our warriors, the author managed to reveal the secret of victory. It is that the heroes “are not morally destroyed.” In war, simple human values take on special significance; the land that Russian soldiers defended was an enduring value for them.

2.3 Problem national character

Russian national character... What is it like? What's special about it? In the conditions of the most difficult historical trials that befell our country, courage, fortitude, love for the motherland, will and energy, feeling appeared in the character of a person. self-esteem, honesty, kindness, self-sacrifice. The above text from V. P. Nekrasov’s story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” traces the problem of the Russian national character, the basis of which is the ideological and moral beliefs of the depicted soldiers.

The mood of the author, on whose behalf the story is told, Georgy Akimovich and other heroes, is based on the idea of love for the homeland, defense of the native land. The defenders of Stalingrad overcame all the trials that befell them because they possessed the best character traits of the Russian people. Namely: vitality, courage, heroism, unbending will, patriotism.

The soldiers are confident that Russian tanks are no worse than German ones. They argue that one must also be able to retreat, they admire their native land, they are happy that our defenders were able to drive the Germans away from Moscow. And at the same time, they are confident that they will fight until the last soldier, but will defend their native land.

Nekrasov revealed the best features of the Russian national character. Courage, determination and self-sacrifice - these traits are inherent in the Russian people. The Russian character cannot be broken, defeated, or overcome. Best qualities Russian national character always saved the country. Russians are a strong nation, rich not only materially, physically, but also spiritually. The strength of national character lies in patriotism - in the sincere love of people for their Motherland, for their native land. The author glorified and sang the Russian national character, which allowed Russia to survive, win, recover and help other nations defend their independence.

2.4 The problem of death in war

The author in the above passage thinks about the problem of whether war can make a person get used to death. He describes an episode when the hero of the novel sees a dead soldier lying on his back with his arms outstretched. The cigarette butt still smokes in his lips. Unbearable to see dead person who just a minute ago lived, thought and desired.

Complete destruction of the line between life and death. “A smoking cigarette butt on the lip of a corpse was the most terrible thing: more terrible than destroyed cities, severed arms and legs, a ripped open belly or a hanged child. A second ago there was life, but now the person is already dead.” A dead soldier with a smoking cigarette butt on his lip is a symbol of the complete destruction of the line between life and death. Blood, sweat, trenches, death... All the horror of war, which you cannot get used to, although death is always nearby.

2.5 Arguments

The world must not forget the horrors of war, the separation, suffering and death of millions of people. This would be a crime against the fallen, a crime against the future. Remembering the war, the heroism and courage of people, and fighting for peace is the duty of everyone living on earth. Therefore one of the most important topics our literature is the theme of the feat of our people in the Great Patriotic War.

Watching today's youth, you wonder how frivolously we treat life! Nowadays, peacetime, you don’t have to think about what you’ll eat tomorrow or where you’ll sleep. Everything is around, we live full life. But imagine at least one of us in the shoes of those guys who went to die at seventeen, who did not know what awaited them there at the front. They didn’t think about it because they were going to defend their homeland. How many young lives were ruined, how many destinies were distorted! They returned from the war either crippled, people broken not only physically, but most of all mentally, or did not return at all. You wonder: did people like Hitler have the right to take people’s lives? Who gave them this right? After all, these people also had children, wives, mothers who gave birth to them! So what kind of people are these who have the power to ruin the destinies of children and mothers, wives and husbands? What kind of heart do they have, and do they even have one? And is the world championship worth the sacrifices of so many people?

The theme of war still remains relevant. How many funerals have already come to mothers in our peacetime from Afghanistan and Chechnya! Only by learning from the past can we prevent new wars. And our children will learn about wars only from history textbooks and films. There should be no place for war in the future! Author, participant in the Great Patriotic War, during its four many years I felt the fiery breath of death on my shoulder, realized the bitterness of loss, passing by fresh lumps with inscriptions in chemical pencil on a tablet. More than once he saw suffering and tears in the eyes of eighteen-year-old girls - medical instructors, dying in a dilapidated dugout. Isn't this the tragedy of the war generation? Isn’t it also a tragedy that the young people who participated in the war have matured by twenty years over the years?

2.6 Comments on issues

War... How much this word says. War is the suffering of mothers, hundreds of dead soldiers, hundreds of orphans and families without fathers, terrible memories of people. And we, who have not seen the war, are not laughing.

The Great Patriotic War is a huge mental wound in human hearts. People gave their lives for the fate of their Motherland, for their comrades. Cities that withstood the full pressure of Hitler's army were awarded the title of heroes. Among them is Stalingrad, which Nekrasov writes about in his story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad.” The author depicted life at war. Life, which naturally includes fighting, but does not come down to fighting.

And at what cost did the victory come! Russia at this time gave everything for the cause of victory. People considered it sacred to give one’s life for victory. How many millions of people died in this war. Mothers and wives had no time to mourn their relatives who fought in the trenches; they themselves took up arms and went against the enemy. Few reached Berlin, but the glory of the dead, their names live in the hearts of people.

Every year we move further and further away from the war era. But time has no power over what people experienced during the war. It was very difficult time. The Soviet soldier knew how to boldly look mortal danger in the eye. By his will, his blood, victory was achieved over strong enemy. There are no limits to the greatness of his feat in the name of the Motherland, just as there are no limits to the greatness of the labor feat Soviet people.

Theme of the Great Patriotic War - unusual topic... Unusual, because so much has been written about the war that a whole book would not be enough if you remembered only the titles of the works. Unusual because it never ceases to excite people, opening up old wounds. Unusual because memory and history merged into one. Modern young people do not know and do not want war. But those who died did not want it either, not thinking about death, about the fact that they would no longer see the sun, grass, leaves, or their children. The further the war is from us, the more we realize the greatness of the people's feat. And even more so - the price of victory.

Thus, the theme of human behavior in war is important topic in the history of not only Russian literature, but also the history of Russia. During the Great Patriotic War, people showed what the Russian people are capable of and how great and powerful our country is. Russia is a liberator country. She expelled the fascist army from her borders. The works written by Russian writers convey everything that our compatriots, our ancestors, had to endure. We cannot lose the memory of the war. Lessons from the past and books about war help us with this.

Conclusion

The Great Patriotic War left a deep mark on the history of our state. The trials that befell the people seemed to stop the natural course of history. The war once again showed all the cruelty and inhumanity. Russian literature could not remain aloof from the events in which the fate of the country was decided. Russian writers of that time took an active part in the defeat of the enemy. With the power of their talent they asserted justice on earth.

The years of the Great Patriotic War are one of the main themes of our literature. One of them is the feat of our people. The Fatherland was counting the days and months of mortal danger. Art and literature have reached the firing line. Wartime writers mastered all types of literary weapons, lyricism and satire, epic and drama. The bitterness of the first defeats, hatred of the enemy, perseverance, loyalty to the Fatherland, faith in victory - this is what is under the pen different artists distinguished itself in unique poems, ballads, poems, and songs. Large ones were created epic works, which provided an understanding of the complex socio-political processes of the war period, revealed moral principles personality. Regardless of the genre, all works were united by one thing - “memory of the heart”, a passionate desire to tell the truth about the roads traveled during the war. Many writers and poets devoted their works to the theme of war and the feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.

The story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” is the author’s front-line diary (Figure 5, Appendix E), in which from beginning to end Nekrasov describes heavy battles and the difficulties that soldiers faced during the war. The commander and his soldiers are the main characters, all without exception. They are all different, but united by one goal - to protect the Motherland! The soldiers who heroically defended Stalingrad did not fictional people, but front-line comrades of the author himself. Therefore, the entire work is permeated with love for them.

Creating the image of Kerzhentsev and other heroes, Viktor Platonovich tried to tell how the war changed the destinies and characters of people, that they would no longer be the same people they were before the war.
The author wrote with deepest regret about the death hometown, in which he grew up, which he loved dearly.

This story became priceless gift, which Viktor Platonovich Nekrasov left behind. The goal that he set for himself - to depict the war as it is - was completely fulfilled.

The abstract examines an excerpt from the story by V.P. Nekrasov “In the Trenches of Stalingrad”, the most important problems discussed in the text are listed and analyzed.

It was concluded that the main problems are:

The problem of love for the motherland, when examined, answers are given to the questions: what is patriotism and what helps to win the war?;

The problem of true values, the answer is given to the question: what is the meaning of simple human values at war?;

The problem of national character, the answer to the question is given: what is the strength of national character?;

The problem of death in war, the answer to the question is given: can war make a person get used to death?

Nekrasov, earlier and more insightfully than other writers, revealed the spiritual heritage of the defenders of Stalingrad and saw in them the victors of Berlin. The spirit of victory permeates the story, which ends with a scene on Mamayev Kurgan, where the front line had recently taken place. The heroes of the story do not feel like pawns in the hands of an omniscient elder. They established themselves in a proud consciousness of their dignity. It was with this feeling that the soldiers returned from the war, and with this feeling Nekrasov wrote the story about Stalingrad. He was a patriotic man, a Russian writer and lived according to his conscience.

List of sources used

Zubkov V. N. Waiting? Parting? Today and tomorrow of fiction about the Great Patriotic War, Moscow, 2015

Leiderman N. S., Lipovetsky M. N. Modern Russian literature: 1950 – 1990, Moscow, 2014

Leiderman N. S. Modern fiction about the Great Patriotic War, Moscow, 2016

Nekrasov V. P. In the trenches of Stalingrad, St. Petersburg, 2016

Pavlovsky A. I. Russian writers, Moscow, 2015

Potresov V. A. I. And yet I happy man, Nizhny Novgorod, 2013

Rokhlin A. A. Writer and time, Moscow, 2015

Sukhikh S.I. Theoretical poetics, Moscow, 2014

Tamarchenko N. D., Tyupa V. I., Broitman S. N. Theory of Literature, Moscow, 2014

Internet resources: www.testent.ru, http://militera.lib.ru/prose/russian/nekrasov/index.html,

http://www.omgmozg.ru. paravitta/mail/ru

Appendix A

Figure 1. Portrait of V. P. Nekrasov

Appendix B

Figure 2. Russian cemetery in Paris

Appendix B

Figure 3. In the trenches of Stalingrad

Appendix D

Figure 4. Book “In the Trenches of Stalingrad”

Appendix D

The story “In the Trenches of Leningrad” by Nekrasov was written in 1946, revealing new page in the literature dedicated to the Second World War. For the first time in the center of the story were ordinary soldiers and their commanders, who had a chance to take a full sip of grief front-line life.

Main characters

Yuri Kerzhentsev- lieutenant, military engineer, responsible, courageous guy.

Other characters

Igor Svidersky – best friend Kerzhentseva.

Valega, Lazarenko- Kerzhentsev’s subordinates, his comrades in arms.

Shiryaev- battalion commander, professional in his field.

Abrosimov- a self-confident staff officer, the culprit of the senseless death of soldiers.

Part one

Chapters 1-4

In July 1942, the German army approaches Voronezh, and an order to retreat comes from division headquarters. The first battalion under the command of battalion commander Shiryaev was chosen to cover the departing soldiers. A military engineer, Lieutenant Kerzhentsev, also remains with him as an assistant. Shiryaev is “worried, but tries not to show his excitement” - he has meager remaining ammunition at his disposal, but Captain Maksimov asks him to hold out for a couple of days, and then begin a retreat.

Chapters 5-9

After the prescribed two days, the first battalion also leaves the fortifications. Suddenly, Igor Svidersky appears to meet them, who reports terrible news - the regiment is defeated, Maksimov is wounded, “a hundred people, no more” are left alive. He conveys Maksimov’s order - to change the route and “go to join him,” being careful of meeting the Germans, who “are eating scrambled eggs ten to twelve kilometers from here.”

A day later, the battalion stumbles upon dilapidated barns and settles down in them. Noticing German reconnaissance, the soldiers take up defensive positions. During the shelling, the battalion suffers many losses. Shiryaev robs fourteen fighters and leaves, while Kerzhentsev with Igor, Valega and Lazarenko remains to cover them.

Lazarenko dies, and the remaining soldiers manage to join the flow of retreating troops. They soon realize that finding the remains of their regiment in this chaos is not an easy task. Some major reports that “new units are being formed” in Stalingrad, and the soldiers are sent there.

Chapters 10-13

Stalingrad greets his comrades with a quiet, peaceful life, strikingly different from the horror that they experienced quite recently. They stay with Marya Kuzminichna and get a job. Their responsibilities include preparing important industrial facilities for a possible explosion. So August passes unnoticed.

Peaceful life in Stalingrad collapses overnight. On Sunday evening, German planes suddenly appear in the sky - “there are so many of them that it is difficult to make out where they are coming from.” They bomb the city for two hours, panic begins among the residents.

Chapters 14-20

In the morning, Kerzhentsev and his comrades go to the Tractor Plant to urgently mine it. Continuous shelling and lack of necessary equipment make work difficult.

A “persistent cloud of smoke and dust” hangs over Stalingrad - the city is being bombed incessantly, and it has already been completely destroyed.

When the shift arrives on the twelfth day, Kerzhentsev and his comrades are sent “to the front headquarters - the engineering department,” where they are distributed among different divisions.

Kerzhentsev is appointed commander of the 4th and 5th companies of the 184th division, whose tasks include the defense of the Metiz plant. The shelling does not stop almost around the clock, soviet army suffers colossal losses. After the death of the battalion commander, leadership of the battalion is transferred to Kerzhentsov.

Part two

Chapters 1-7

The fighting continues non-stop throughout September. In October, the Germans enter Stalingrad, and a reshuffling of Soviet units occurs. Kerzhentsev’s battalion is being transferred to the most difficult “section between Metiz and the eastern end of the winding ravine, like the letter Z, on Mamaev.” The main task of the thirty-six soldiers under the command of Kerzhentsev is to hold the defense for several months no matter what.

The next night the battalion receives mines. The soldiers begin to dig trenches, sappers install explosive devices. Suddenly, Kerzhentsev receives a new order - to storm the hill fortified by the Germans.

Chapters 8-15

At the appointed time, the “maize man” distracts the enemy, and the scouts determine the enemy’s positions. In complete darkness, fourteen fighters led by Kerzhentsev manage to oust the Nazis from the hill and strengthen their positions in the territory.

The battalion commander understands perfectly well that the Germans will not simply retreat, and soon, indeed, incessant shelling begins. “The mines are whistling and exploding all around without a break,” rare breaks last no more than five minutes.

Eleven people and four machine guns remain alive, and there is an acute shortage of water. A slight wound to the head causes Kerzhentsov to become very weak. When Shiryaev appears before his eyes, it seems to him that he is dreaming. The battalion commander transfers command of the battalion to Shiryaev and sets off to dig dugouts.

Chapters 16-21

Over the next three days, Kerzhentsev rests, and then receives “engineering property” at his disposal and begins to work on a scheme to strengthen the front line.

The cannons fire, “the Germans are still keen on mortars.” Fortifications have to be built and mined at night. It soon becomes clear that the situation at Stalingrad is beginning to change. After eighty-two days of active bombing, there was a lull for the first time - “an incomprehensible, unusual, completely amazing silence reigned in the air.”

Chapters 22-25

On his birthday, the nineteenth of November, Kerzhentsev learns the news - at six o’clock, an “offensive along the entire front” is planned. He receives an order to clear not only his own fields, but also the enemy’s, within a “limited period of time, about ten hours.” At the same time, “every removed mine must be taken into account, every discovered minefield is recorded, tied to a landmark and necessarily to a permanent one.”

The battalion is ready to carry out the order, but suddenly the chief of staff Abrosimov intervenes, insisting on a decisive attack. As a result, “half the battalion is no longer there.”

After the end of the battle, Abrosimov is tried, through whose fault many fighters died in vain. He makes excuses, accusing the others of cowardice and unwillingness to fight. According to the decision of the field court, Abrosimov was “demoted and sent to the penalty box.”

Chapters 26-30

The next morning, not “a whole tank division” arrives, as was promised earlier, but “six old, patched and patched” tanks. Shiryaev is appointed head of the division.

Twenty minutes before the start of the attack, Kerzhentsev is informed that the field is mined with “some unfamiliar” German mines. Together with the sappers, he goes to the field, but the Germans are already waiting there. Kerzhentsev is seriously wounded.

After two months of treatment in the hospital, Kerzhentsev returned to his battalion. He is joyfully greeted by his comrades, and by the evening he is already drunk - “from the air, the sun, walking, meetings, impressions, joy.” Having learned that Igor is nearby, Kerzhentsev plans to visit his old friend. However, his plans are not destined to come true - the fighters, inspired by victory, are again preparing to attack...

Damn seven

Chapters 1-4

The battle tactics are as follows: the second battalion attracts the enemy’s attention, giving the opportunity to pass the tank with landing forces, followed by the infantry - the first battalion. There is no artillery preparation; everything is built “on surprise.”

Everything goes well until the “left flank tank with the number “7”” is blown up in the most unexpected place. The tank following him makes a turn and ends up in its own minefield - “the most diabolical of all, a mixture of anti-tank and anti-personnel mines.”

There is turmoil and indiscriminate fire among the fighters, and only two tanks manage to get ahead.

The regiment commander summons Kerzhentsev, blames him for what happened and orders the stuck tank “by any means necessary” to be turned into a firing point - a bunker. Returning to the battlefield, he learns that “the Krauts have climbed into the tank,” and now they need to be lured out of the ill-fated seven.

To take the tank, they decide to dig under it. The work is complicated by hard, frozen soil, and the digging was completed only after four days. Explosives are placed in the prepared tunnel and detonated on command. The soldiers rush to the tank, and Kerzhentsev is wounded.

Chapters 5-6

At the medical battalion, the first thing Kerzhentsev learns is that the tank has been taken. He has a fracture of his left tibia and a through gunshot wound. Having received first aid, the battalion commander goes to the hospital.

The days in the hospital drag on “dreary, monotonous, but cozy, warm and, most importantly, carefree.” By chance, he meets a soldier from his battalion there, and they have “endless conversations about everything.”

sneaks up unnoticed New Year, and Kerzhentsev remembers his relatives with sadness. Celebrating the holiday with his comrades in the hospital, he is happy to learn that the Soviet troops “fifteen thousand vehicles... one hundred and thirty-seven thousand prisoners.”

Conclusion

In his work, Viktor Nekrasov sought to show real defenders of the fatherland, who, during terrible battles, experienced understandable and natural human feelings: fear of death, longing for loved ones and peaceful life, despair after losses and retreats, pride for comrades.

A brief retelling of “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” will be useful for reader's diary and preparation for a literature lesson.

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“In the Trenches of Stalingrad” (1946) is unique for all literature of the 40s. phenomenon. For the first time, probably in the history of battle prose, a work appeared that was written in a calm, “Chekhovian” manner, without emphasizing the exclusivity of situations, the concentration of passions, or pathos. The writer simply did not allow his biography, his experience as a front-line soldier to be robbed or discolored; he did not want to make adjustments to the appearance of his heroes for majesty and grandeur.

In the story, V. Nekrasov spoke about his heroes as if “in a low voice,” without trying to shout down the war, from the position of “trench truth.” There were many surprises in this story.

For example, the main character of the story, the young intellectual Kerzhentsev, the predecessor of future lieutenants from the stories of Yu. Bondarev, G. Baklanov, K. Vorobyov, says: “There is nothing worse than lying on the defensive.” Naturally, the reader assumes: raids and shelling are terrible, but you are motionless, like a target, “convenient” for extermination, and even in the steppe. No, the defense turns out to be bad for others: “Every night there is a checker. And everyone has their own taste!” But retreats and waste are also disgusting: as soon as you dig trenches, build dugouts, the order sounds to retreat along a crowded road, off-road, and again digging the ground... Kerzhentsev’s orderly, the economic soldier Valega, is even more ordinary, simpler, more prosaic, starting with clothes: “His boots are prohibitively large - the toes are turned up, and his cap is small, sticking out at the very top of his head. I know that there are three needles stuck in it - with white, black and khaki thread.”

This couple, Kerzhentsev is a caring Valega, partly reminiscent of Grinev and Savelich (“ Captain's daughter"), does not at all illustrate the unity of the people and the intelligentsia. Their moral relationships are in some ways simpler, more soulful, their depth is indicated in everyday details: Kerzhentsev even knows about needles, about the “secret” reserves of his soldier, but he also corrects the commander’s plans in time. Their patriotism is also Chekhovian and bashful, hidden by irony. Kerzhentsev and his friend Igor ended up in a quiet family house, where silence reigned, where beautiful girl played the piano. But, alas, both this cozy environment and the music for some reason suddenly became unpleasant to the hero: “Why? I don't know. I only know that from the moment we left Oskol, no - later, after the barns - I always had some kind of nasty aftertaste in my soul. After all, I’m not a deserter, not a coward, not a hypocrite, but I feel like I’m both this, that, and the third.”

Waste, the triumph of the enemy - these are also the tormenting views of civilians, left to the mercy of the fascists...

Kerzhentsev was the first - long before the “thaw”, before E. Nosov with his driver Kopeshkin (“Red Wine of Victory”) and others - guessed true patriotism ordinary people similar to his Valega:

“Valega reads by word, gets confused in division, doesn’t know how much seven is eight, and if you ask him what socialism or homeland is, he, by God, won’t really explain: the concepts defined by words are too difficult for him. But for his homeland - for me, Igor, for his comrades in the regiment, for his rickety shack somewhere in the Urals, for Stalin, whom he had never seen... - he will fight to the last bullet. And if the cartridges run out - with fists, teeth... This is the Russian man. Sitting in a trench, he will scold the foreman more than the Germans, but when it comes to action, he will show himself.”

Viktor Nekrasov created the tradition of a chamber-lyrical, restrained narrative about a man in war: after 15 years it will be continued by many creators of “lieutenant prose” - especially V. Bogomolov, V. Bykov, V. Kondratyev, B. Vasiliev... On a trench patch war, in the space of action of a company, a small reconnaissance group, “battalions that ask for fire,” quite dramatic tests of souls and humanity arose.

Viktor Nekrasov describes in his story the events of the second half of 1942, when our troops retreated from Kharkov, from the Oskol River near Stalingrad, in order to fortify there and defend the city. It was in those days that I.V. Stalin signed the famous order No. 227 with the call “Not a step back.”

Lieutenant Yuri Kerzhentsev - an architect in pre-war life, becomes a sapper at the front. On his behalf, V. Nekrasov describes his own memories of the retreat to Stalingrad. The author also tells us about ordinary people met by the hero at the front, and describes memories of a peaceful life that now seems so distant and unreal.

Read the summary In the trenches of Stalingrad Nekrasov

The events described in the story began in July 1942. The German army is on the outskirts of Voronezh and our troops have to retreat. The first battalion under the command of battalion commander Shiryaev was ordered to remain to cover those leaving. Lieutenant Yuri Kerzhentsev was assigned to the rest. Two days later, having completed its task, the first battalion also leaves the fortifications near the Oskol River.

On the way, Kerzhentsev meets with his friend Igor Svidersky, who reports that the Germans are 10 km away from them, it is necessary to change direction. Soon the battalion reaches dilapidated barns and stops in them. Here they are covered by the Germans. The battalion commander, taking 14 soldiers, leaves, and Kerzhentsev with four others remains to provide cover. One of them dies, the rest manage to leave the barn. They are trying to catch up with their own. There are many units of the retreating army on the road; they are unable to find their regiment. So they get to the Don, cross it and reach Stalingrad.

Stalingrad, at that time, was a peaceful city. Yuri and his comrades stay with the relatives of their former commander. And for a while they get a respite from the war. Leisure conversations with the owners over tea with jam, swimming in the Volga and evening walks with the neighbor's girl - all this is suddenly interrupted by a bombing. The German army's attack on Stalingrad began.

Igor and his friend, who were placed in the reserve as sappers, had to prepare industrial facilities for destruction. When the offensive began, they were sent to a tractor factory. Electrical engineer of the thermal power plant Georgy Akimovich is there with them. This is a person of a philosophical bent, who loves to speculate, but rather pessimistically. He is outraged by the unpreparedness of our army for war; he believes that the Germans have all the conditions, despite the fact that they are conducting operations on foreign territory. In his opinion, only a miracle can bring victory to our army. Yuri argues with him during breaks between shifts; he cannot accept the engineer’s point of view. Kerzhentsev remembers the soldiers’ conversations about the land, fields sown with grain. This is something that is dear to ordinary Russian people. And, probably, this is love for the Motherland, the one that can create a miracle of victory.

The bombing has been going on for ten days now, the plant is completely ready for an explosion, but there is no order for destruction. The sappers were sent to the other side, to the engineering department of the front headquarters. There they receive new assignments and Yuri breaks up with his comrade. Kerzhentsev was sent to the 184th division. Arriving there, he discovers the first battalion he met last time near the barns. Together with his comrades, he crosses the river and immediately finds himself in a fierce battle. The battalion commander dies and Kerzhentsev has to take command.

September and October pass day by day. Every morning begins with a cannonade, which then turns into an attack. The severely thinned battalion changes positions. They must take the hill, which they succeed in, but at the same time the fighters find themselves cut off from their own.

On November 19, Kerzhentsev’s name day, a general offensive was announced along the entire front. Kerzhentsev and Shiryaev offer an idea on how to complete the task and at the same time save people, but the chief of staff, Captain Abrosimov, does not consider their arguments compelling and prefers to attack with a frontal attack. As a result, during a heavy, prolonged battle, half of the battalion remains. Abrosimov was arrested, command was transferred to company commander Farber.

The next day the trial of Abrosimov takes place. The former chief of staff does not admit his mistake; he considers it wrong to take care of people and accuses the soldiers of dishonesty and cowardice in carrying out the task. But they object to him that this is not so. Both the dead and the survivors were not cowards; they acted according to orders. But if the trick proposed by Shiryaev had been used, many more soldiers would have remained alive. It is Abrosimov who is to blame for their deaths. The former chief of staff was demoted and sent to a penal battalion.

Again the offensive, Yuri is wounded. After treatment in the medical battalion, he returns to defend Stalingrad. The war continues.

Through this work, the author reveals to us the essence of the word patriotism. Not the one in words or with a flag in the square, but the real one, when people silently go into battle and die for their Motherland, for their people. The author tells us about the responsibility of contemporaries for their comrades, the need to think carefully about their actions and words in advance. And also to love and appreciate every moment of your life, because no one knows how long it will last.

Picture or drawing of Nekrasov - In the trenches of Stalingrad

Battle of Stalingrad

What is Nekrasov's story about? The book "In the Trenches of Stalingrad", a summary of which is presented below, reflects the events of the most important period in the war. Nekrasov's story tells about the battle that took place almost eighty years ago on the territory of the Rostov, Voronezh and Volgograd regions. We spent six months soviet soldiers in the trenches of Stalingrad. A brief summary of the decisive stage of the Second World War is presented below.

The German offensive began in July 1942. The invader's plans included the Great Bend of the Don, then the Volgodonsk Isthmus and, finally, Stalingrad. If the goal had been achieved, a springboard would have been created for further offensive and capture oil fields. The Germans had excellent aviation, they knew what the right military strategy was. However, they lost this battle. The Red Army succeeded in forcing the invaders to capitulate thanks to Operation Uranus. Or, perhaps, the miracle that one of the heroes of the story talks about in “In the Trenches of Stalingrad.”

The Unblemished Truth

What is the success of the story "In the Trenches of Stalingrad"? A summary will not answer this question. Only reading the story in the original. Front-line soldiers argued that Nekrasov’s book shows the war as it is. Without embellishment and excessive pathos. Varlam Shalamov, who had never been to the front, called the story “a timid attempt to show something as it is.” Andrei Platonov also gave this book a high rating. And finally, before presenting a summary of the chapters of “In the Trenches of Stalingrad,” it is worth citing the words of Daniil Granin: “Nekrasov’s Tale is the impeccable truth.”

Retreat

So, what did Nekrasov talk about in his work? A summary of “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” should begin with a description of the retreat of Soviet troops, which took place in July 1942 near Oskol. Main character- Lieutenant Kerzhentsev. The Germans are approaching Voronezh. The regiment leaves the newly dug fortifications without firing a single shot. The battalion, led by Combat Shiryaev, is left without cover. The main character of the story remains to help him. Two days later they set off, and on the way they learn that the regiment has been defeated.

Kerzhentsev has been accompanied for several months by orderly Valega. Other characters in the story are Igor and Sedykh. The battalion goes in search of its own, but on the way it meets the Germans, many die. Kerzhentsev, Valega, Igor and Sedykh are sent to Stalingrad.

Peaceful city

The main character recalls pre-war life. He has been at the front for a long time, everything that happened before in his native Kyiv, it seems, never existed. What is discussed in subsequent chapters of V. Nekrasov’s work? The content of “In the Trenches of Stalingrad,” at least the first chapters, comes down to the reflections and memories of Lieutenant Kerzhentsev. He is so accustomed to life at the front that he is surprised by the city, which will soon turn into ruins. People still read newspapers here, argue about literature, visit the library, and just live...

Kerzhentsev and his comrades stay at the house of Maria Kuzminichna. The woman treats them to tea with cherry jam. Forgotten peaceful life relaxes. The heroes go swimming on the Volga, then indulge in reading. In the evening of this day German troops begin the attack on Stalingrad.

Kerzhentsev - sapper. The lieutenant is sent to the local tractor factory. Here he meets electrical engineer Georgy Akimovich - a man convinced that Soviet troops Only a miracle will help win this war. There is painstaking, long preparation for the explosion. Ten days pass. The Germans are mercilessly bombing the city. There is still no order for the explosion, and Kerzhentsev is sent to the engineering department located on the other side of the Volga.

Battalion command

The lieutenant is sent to the 184th division. Soon the battalion commander dies, and Kerzhentsev has to take command of the battalion. The lieutenant has two companies at his disposal, which occupy positions at one of the local factories. Here the main character lingers for a long time. Every day begins with a cannonade. This is how September passes, and then October.

Attack

Soon a message comes that positions need to be changed. It was ordered to occupy the hill on which the enemy machine guns were located. Before the attack, time drags unbearably slowly. Suddenly, employees of the political department appear, whom Kerzhentsev does not greet joyfully. The lieutenant dispatches inspectors from the command post, and when the attack begins, he unexpectedly takes part in it. They manage to take the hill, and without great losses.

Does Viktor Nekrasov divide his heroes into positive and negative? In the summary of “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” it is worth paying attention to such a hero as Chief of Staff Abrosimov. The captain is confident in the need for a head-on attack. He does not listen to the arguments of either Kerzhentsev or battalion commander Shiryaev. The main character of the story goes on the attack again. 26 people die in this battle. Abrosimov is tried for abuse of power and sent to a penal battalion.

Outlining a brief summary of Nekrasov's story "In the Trenches of Stalingrad", it is worth saying that in this work the author did not create either negative or positive images. He does not force his opinion on the reader. The depiction of the attack, which took place on Abrosimov's orders, is one of the many officer mistakes that are perhaps inevitable in war.

Wound

The day after Abramov’s trial, the tanks they had been waiting for for a long time arrive. last months. Kerzhentsev's birthday is coming soon. A small celebration is being prepared, which, of course, will not take place, because the battle will suddenly begin. The lieutenant will be wounded, end up in the hospital, and after treatment he will return to Stalingrad, which he will call “home” in his thoughts.

Addendum to summary

The work "In the Trenches of Stalingrad" is told in the first person. There are no unexpected plot twists in the story. But the simplicity with which the narrator recounts the events makes a strong impression.

In the first chapters, where we talk about the misadventures of the heroes even before their arrival in Stalingrad, the lieutenant mentally talks about the war. What's the worst thing at the front? Shells? Bombs? The worst thing in war uncertainty, inactivity, lack of an immediate goal - all that consisted of the existence of the retreating soldiers. It cannot be said that Nekrasov’s heroes are not frightened by bullets, but reading the story, one gets the impression that in Stalingrad they experienced less fear than at Voronezh when they retreated.

The author of this work touches on the topic of friendship in passing. Nevertheless, it is perhaps the main one. At the front, Kerzhentsev understands what true friendship is. It is unlikely that any of his Kyiv friends could have pulled him, wounded, from the battlefield. It is unlikely that Kerzhentsev would have gone on reconnaissance with anyone because of them. And Valeg’s orderly would have pulled him out. The lieutenant would have gone with him on reconnaissance. The author compares war to litmus paper. Only at the front can you really get to know people.

Publication

A Tale in the Trenches of Stalingrad Nekrasov Viktor Platonovich brought all-Union glory. This work was published in the magazine Znamya. At first, official critics did not accept the story. Moreover, Nekrasov’s book would never have been published if one person didn't intervene...

Meeting with Stalin

During Stalin's times, many poets and prose writers suffered. Some were convicted and sent to camps. Others are deprived of the right to publish their works, which for a real writer is perhaps worse than imprisonment. But this does not mean that Stalin did not understand anything about literature. He got rid of inconvenient people who did not want to reflect the official ideology in their work.

The story of Viktor Nekrasov is the first work that tells about the war as truthfully as possible. This is one of the first books created by front-line soldiers. The story was published thanks to Stalin's personal intervention.

Writer and statesman Fadeev crossed out "In the Trenches of Stalingrad" from the list of works that were supposed to appear on the pages of the Znamya magazine. Stalin contributed. The story was published. And after some time, state security officers came for Nekrasov and took him to the “leader”. In one of the essays, the writer later spoke about his meeting with Stalin. According to Nekrasov, he created an unexpected impression, was a kind of “cozy old man,” a pleasant conversationalist, and, in addition, respected the work of Platonov, Bulgakov, Babel - writers who suffered from Soviet rule.

A few words about the author

In 1959, Nekrasov opposed the construction of a stadium at Babi Yar, the site of mass executions carried out by the Nazis during the war. Since then, the writer’s relationship with the authorities has deteriorated sharply. He took an active part in rallies and wrote controversial articles. Finally, Nekrasov was accused of “kowtowing to the West,” and his books were banned from publishing. In 1974, the writer emigrated to Switzerland. Recent years spent in Paris.