Famous author's fairy tales. Famous storytellers
Literary author's fairy tale- probably one of the most popular genres of our time. Interest in similar works is inexhaustible both among children and among their parents, and Russian fairy tale writers have made a worthy contribution to the common creative cause. It should be remembered that a literary fairy tale differs from folklore according to several parameters. First of all, because it has a specific author. There are also differences in the way the material is conveyed and the clear use of plots and images to suggest that this genre has the right to complete independence.
Poetic tales of Pushkin
If you compile a list of fairy tales by Russian writers, it will take more than one sheet of paper. Moreover, works were written not only in prose, but also in poetry. Here a shining example A. Pushkin, who initially did not plan to compose children's works, can serve as a reference. But after a while, the poetic works “About Tsar Saltan”, “About the priest and his worker Balda”, “About dead princess and the Seven Bogatyrs,” “About the Golden Cockerel” added to the list of fairy tales by Russian writers. A simple and figurative form of presentation, memorable images, vivid plots - all this is characteristic of the work of the great poet. And these works are still included in the treasury
Continuation of the list
The literary tales of the period under review include some other, no less famous ones. Russian fairy tale writers: Zhukovsky ("The War of Mice and Frogs"), Ershov ("The Little Humpbacked Horse"), Aksakov (" Scarlet flower") - made their worthy contribution to the development of the genre. And the great collector of folklore and interpreter of the Russian language Dal also wrote a certain number fairy tales. Among them: “The Crow”, “The Snow Maiden Girl”, “About the Woodpecker” and others. You can recall other fairy tales by famous Russian writers: “The Wind and the Sun”, “The Blind Horse”, “The Fox and the Goat” by Ushinsky, “The Black Hen, or Underground inhabitants"Pogorelsky, "The Frog Traveler", "The Tale of the Toad and the Rose" by Garshin, " Wild landowner», « The wise minnow» Saltykova-Shchedrin. Of course, this is not a complete list.
Russian fairy tale writers
Leo Tolstoy, Paustovsky, Mamin-Sibiryak, Gorky, and many others wrote literary fairy tales. Among especially outstanding works One can note the “Golden Key” by Tolstoy Alexey. The work was planned as a free retelling of “Pinocchio” by Carlo Collodi. But here is the case when the alteration surpassed the original - this is how many Russian-speaking critics evaluate the writer’s work. The wooden boy Pinocchio, familiar to everyone since childhood, won the hearts of little readers and their parents for a long time with his spontaneity and brave heart. We all remember Buratino's friends: Malvina, Artemon, Pierrot. And his enemies: the evil Karabas and the nasty Duremar, and the fox Alice. Vivid images the characters are so unique and original, recognizable that, once you read Tolstoy’s work, you remember them for the rest of your life.
Revolutionary tales
One of them can be confidently included the creation of Yuri Olesha “Three Fat Men”. In this tale, the author reveals the theme of class struggle against the backdrop of such eternal values like friendship, mutual assistance; The characters of the heroes are distinguished by courage and revolutionary impulse. And Arkady Gaidar’s work “Malchish-Kibalchish” tells about a difficult period for the formation of the Soviet state - civil war. Malchish is a bright, memorable symbol of that era of struggle for revolutionary ideals. It is no coincidence that these images were subsequently used by other authors, for example, in the work of Joseph Kurlat, who revived the bright image of the hero in the fairy tale-poem “The Song of Malchish-Kibalchish”.
These authors include those who gave literature such fairy tales and plays as “The Naked King” and “The Shadow” - based on the works of Andersen. And his original creations"Dragon" and " An ordinary miracle"(at first banned from production) forever entered the treasury of Soviet literature.
TO poetic works The genre also includes the fairy tales of Korney Chukovsky: “The Fly-Tsokotukha”, “Moidodyr”, “Barmaley”, “Aibolit”, “Cockroach”. To this day they are the most read in Russia poetic tales for children of all ages. Instructive and daring, brave and monstrous images and characters of the heroes are recognizable from the first lines. What about Marshak’s poems and Kharms’ delightful creativity? What about Zakhoder, Moritz and Kurlat? It is impossible to list them all in this rather short article.
Modern evolution of the genre
You could say that the genre literary fairy tale evolved from folklore, in a sense exploiting its plots and characters. So at present, many Russian fairy tale writers are evolving into science fiction writers, giving birth to good works in fashionable style fantasy. Such authors probably include Yemets, Gromyko, Lukyanenko, Fry, Oldie and many others. This is a worthy successor to previous generations of authors of literary fairy tales.
An old man lived with his old woman
By the bluest sea;
They lived in a dilapidated dugout
Exactly thirty years and three years.
The old man was catching fish with a net,
The old woman was spinning her yarn.
Once he threw a net into the sea -
A net arrived with nothing but mud.
Another time he cast a net -
A net came with sea grass.
For the third time he cast the net -
A net came with one fish,
With not just a simple fish - a gold one.
How the goldfish prays!
He says in a human voice:
"Let me go to sea, old man!
Dear, I will give a ransom for myself:
I'll buy you anything you want."
Tales of Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak - Twelve Months
Do you know how many months there are in a year?
Twelve.
What are their names?
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
As soon as one month ends, another begins immediately. And it has never happened before that February came before January left, and May overtook April.
The months go one after another and never meet.
But people say that mountainous country Bohemia was a girl who saw all twelve months at once.
How did this happen? Here's how.
In one small village there lived an angry and stingy woman with her daughter and stepdaughter. She loved her daughter, but her stepdaughter could not please her in any way. No matter what the stepdaughter does, everything is wrong, no matter how she turns, everything is in the wrong direction.
Fairy tale by Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky - Aibolit
Good Doctor Aibolit!
He is sitting under a tree.
Come to him for treatment
And the cow and the she-wolf,
And the bug and the worm,
And a bear!
He will heal everyone, he will heal everyone
Good Doctor Aibolit!
And the fox came to Aibolit:
"Oh, I was bitten by a wasp!"
And the watchdog came to Aibolit:
"A chicken pecked me on the nose!"
And the hare came running
And she screamed: “Ay, ah!
My bunny got hit by a tram!
My bunny, my boy
Got hit by a tram!
He ran along the path
And his legs were cut,
And now he's sick and lame,
My little bunny!"
And Aibolit said:
"No problem! Bring it here!"
Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)
More than one generation of people has grown up with the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright. From early childhood, Hans was a visionary and a dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began writing poetry early. His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, and at the age of 14 he was already playing minor roles V Royal Theater in Copenhagen. Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15; it was a great success; in 1835, his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day. The most famous of his works are “Flint”, “Thumbelina”, “The Little Mermaid”, “Steady tin soldier», « Snow Queen", "The Ugly Duckling", "The Princess and the Pea" and many others.
Charles Perrault (1628-1703)
The French writer-storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student as a child. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, and wrote a lot scientific works. He published his first book of fairy tales under a pseudonym - the name of his eldest son was indicated on the cover, since Perrault feared that his reputation as a storyteller could harm his career. In 1697, his collection “Tales of Mother Goose” was published, which brought Perrault world fame. Based on the plot of his fairy tales famous ballets And opera works. As for the most famous works, few people did not read in childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, gingerbread house, Thumb Boy, Bluebeard.
Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837)
Not only the poems and verses of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse.
Alexander Pushkin began writing his poetry back in early childhood, he got good home education, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (privileged educational institution), was friends with others famous poets, including the “Decembrists”. In the poet's life there were both periods of ups and downs. tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, and finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38. But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale, written by the poet, became “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel.” Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”, “The Tale of the Priest and the Worker Balda”.
Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jacob (1785-1863)
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from their youth until their gravestones: they were tied together common interests and general adventures. Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy; only in adulthood did his health more or less return to normal. Jacob always supported his brother. The Brothers Grimm were not only experts in German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, and scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying ancient German literature, the other became a scientist. World fame It was fairy tales that were brought to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children.” The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet Flower”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremenskie” street musicians", "The Brave Little Tailor", "The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats", "Hansel and Gretel" and others.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950)
The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to carry out literary adaptations of Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born in simple working family, but this did not stop him from finishing seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language. In 1918, he volunteered for the front, and when he returned, he decided to turn to journalism. Only on the occasion of the author’s 60th birthday was the collection of short stories “The Malachite Box” published, which Bazhov brought people's love. It is interesting that fairy tales are written in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each piece special. The most famous fairy tales: “ Copper Mountain hostess", " Silver hoof", "Malachite Box", "Two Lizards", "Golden Hair", "Stone Flower".
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England; he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent. Future writer received his education, returned to India, and then went on a journey, visiting many countries in Asia and America. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded Nobel Prize– and to this day he remains the youngest writer laureate in his category. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, “The Jungle Book”, the main character of which is the boy Mowgli. It is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: “The cat that walks by itself”, “Where does a camel get its hump?”, “How the leopard got his spots,” they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822)
Hoffmann was a very versatile and talented man: composer, artist, writer, storyteller. He was born in Koeningsberg, when he was 3 years old, his parents separated: his older brother left with his father, and Ernst stayed with his mother; Hoffmann never saw his brother again. Ernst was always a mischief-maker and a dreamer; he was often called a “troublemaker.” It’s interesting that there was a women’s boarding house next to the house where the Hoffmanns lived, and Ernst liked one of the girls so much that he even started digging a tunnel to get to know her. When the hole was almost ready, my uncle found out about it and ordered the passage to be filled up. Hoffmann always dreamed that after his death a memory of him would remain - and so it happened; his fairy tales are read to this day: the most famous are “The Golden Pot”, “The Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober” and others.
Alan Milne (1882-1856)
Who among us does not know a funny bear with sawdust in his head - Winnie the Pooh and his funny friends? – the author of these funny tales and is Alan Milne. The writer spent his childhood in London, he was wonderful educated person, then served in the Royal Army. The first tales about the bear were written in 1926. Interestingly, Alan did not read his works to his own son Christopher, preferring to raise him on more serious literary stories. Christopher read his father's fairy tales as an adult. The books have been translated into 25 languages and are very popular in many countries around the world. In addition to stories about Winnie the Pooh famous fairy tales “Princess Nesmeyana”, “ An ordinary fairy tale", "Prince Rabbit" and others.
Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945)
Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and was a war correspondent during the war. As a child, Alexey lived on the Sosnovka farm in his stepfather's house (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad studying literature and folklore different countries: this is how the idea arose to rewrite it in new way fairy tale "Pinocchio". In 1935, his book “The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio” was published. Alexey Tolstoy also released 2 collections own fairy tales, called “Mermaid Tales” and “ Magpie Tales" The most famous “adult” works are “Walking in Torment”, “Aelita”, “Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin”.
Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasyev (1826-1871)
He is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who has been interested in folk art and researched it since his youth. He first worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research. Afanasyev is considered one of the most outstanding scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called “ folk book“, after all, more than one generation has grown up with them. The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted several times.
Hans Christian Andersen
Danish novelist and poet, international author famous fairy tales for children and adults: " Ugly duckling", "The King's New Dress", "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Princess and the Pea", "Ole Lukoye", "The Snow Queen" and many others. Despite the fact that Hans Christian Andersen is one of best storytellers, but he had a very bad character. In Denmark there is a legend about Andersen's royal origin.
In Denmark there is a legend about Andersen's royal origin
This is due to the fact that in his early autobiography the author himself wrote about how as a child he played with Prince Frits, later King Frederick VII, and he had no friends among the street boys. Only the prince. Andersen’s friendship with Frits, according to the storyteller’s fantasy, continued into adulthood, until the latter’s death, and, according to the writer himself, he was the only one, with the exception of relatives, who was allowed to visit the coffin of the deceased.
Charles Perrault
Few people know that Perrault was an academician French Academy, author of famous scientific works. But it was not serious books that brought him worldwide fame and recognition from his descendants, but wonderful tales“Cinderella”, “Puss in Boots”, “Bluebeard”, “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Sleeping Beauty”.
Perrault was an academician of the French Academy, the author of scientific works
Perrault published his fairy tales not under own name, and under the name of his 19-year-old son Perrault d’Armancourt, apparently trying to protect his already established literary reputation from accusations of working with the “low” genre of fairy tales.
Brothers Grimm
Brothers Grimm: Jacob and Wilhelm - explorers of German folk culture and storytellers. They were born in the city of Hanau. For a long time lived in the city of Kassel. ANDstudied grammar Germanic languages, legal history and mythology. The fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm are known all over the world. They collected folklore and published several collections called Grimm's Fairy Tales, which became very popular. At the end of their lives, they began creating the first dictionary of the German language.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov
In 1939, a collection of Bazhov’s tales “The Malachite Box” was published.
He was born in the city of Sysert, Yekaterinburg district, Perm province. He graduated from the Ekaterinburg Theological School, and later from the Perm Theological Seminary. He worked as a teacher, political worker, journalist and editor of Ural newspapers. In 1939, a collection of Bazhov’s tales “The Malachite Box” was published.In 1944, “The Malachite Box” was translated into English and published in London and New York, then in Prague, and in 1947 in Paris. Translated into German, Hungarian, Romanian, Chinese, Japanese languages. In total, according to the library. Lenin, - into 100 languages of the world.
Astrid Lindgren
Lindgren's fairy tale works are close to folk art, in them there is a tangible connection between fantasy and the truth of life.Author of a number of worldwide famous books for children, including "Baby and Carlson, who lives on the roof"and tetralogies about« Pippi Long stocking » . In Russian, her books became known and very popular thanks to translationLilianna Lungina.
Lindgren dedicated almost all of her books to children. “I have not written books for adults and I think that I will never do so,” Astrid stated decisively. She, along with the heroes of the books, taught children that “If you don’t live according to habit, your whole life will be a day!”
The writer herself always called her childhood happy (there were many games and adventures in it, interspersed with work on the farm and in its environs) and pointed out that it served as a source of inspiration for her work.
Rudyard Kipling
Famous writer, poet and reformer. Heborn in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England; he later called those years “years of suffering”. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize - and to this day he remains the youngest writer to win his nomination.
Kipling's most famous children's book is The Jungle Book.
Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, “The Jungle Book”, the main character of which is the boy Mowgli. It is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: “The Cat That Walks by itself”, “Where does a camel get its hump?”, “How the leopard got his spots,” they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.
