Df wild tribes of papua new guinea. New Guinea
Papua - New Guinea , especially its center - one of the protected corners of the Earth, where human civilization has hardly penetrated. People there live in complete dependence on nature, worship their deities and honor the spirits of their ancestors.
The coast of the island of New Guinea is now inhabited by completely civilized people who speak the official language - English. Missionaries worked with them for many years.
However, in the center of the country there is something like a reservation - nomadic tribes and who still live in the Stone Age. They know every tree by name, bury the dead on its branches, and have no idea what money or passports are.
They are surrounded by a mountainous country overgrown with impenetrable jungle, where high humidity and unimaginable heat make life unbearable for a European.
No one there speaks a word of English, and each tribe speaks its own language, of which there are about 900 in New Guinea. The tribes live very isolated from each other, communication between them is almost impossible, so their dialects have little in common, and people are different they simply don’t understand their friend.
Typical locality, where the Papuan tribe lives: modest huts are covered with huge leaves, in the center there is something like a clearing where the whole tribe gathers, and around there is jungle for many kilometers. The only weapons of these people are stone axes, spears, bows and arrows. But it is not with their help that they hope to protect themselves from evil spirits. That's why they have faith in gods and spirits.
The Papuan tribe usually keeps the mummy of the “chief”. This is some outstanding ancestor - the bravest, strongest and smartest, who fell in battle with the enemy. After death, his body was treated with a special composition to avoid decay. The leader's body is kept by the sorcerer.
It is in every tribe. This character is highly revered among his relatives. Its function is mainly to communicate with the spirits of the ancestors, appease them and ask for advice. People who usually become sorcerers are weak and unsuitable for the constant battle for survival - in a word, old people. They earn their living by witchcraft.
The first white man to arrive on this exotic continent was the Russian traveler Miklouho-Maclay. Having landed on the shores of New Guinea in September 1871, he, being an absolutely peaceful man, decided not to take weapons ashore, taking only gifts and a notebook, which he never parted with.
Local residents greeted the stranger quite aggressively: they shot arrows in his direction, shouted intimidatingly, waved spears...
But Miklouho-Maclay did not react in any way to these attacks. On the contrary, he sat down on the grass with the most equanimity, pointedly took off his shoes and lay down to take a nap.
By an effort of will, the traveler forced himself to fall asleep (or just pretended to). And when he woke up, he saw that the Papuans were sitting peacefully next to him and looking at the overseas guest with all their eyes. The savages reasoned this way: since the pale-faced man is not afraid of death, it means he is immortal. That's what they decided on.
The traveler lived for several months among a tribe of savages. All this time, the aborigines worshiped him and revered him as a god. They knew that if desired, the mysterious guest could command the forces of nature. Why is this happening all of a sudden?
It’s just that one day Miklouho-Maclay, who was called only Tamo-rus - “Russian man”, or Karaan-tamo - “man from the moon”, demonstrated the following trick to the Papuans: he poured water into a plate with alcohol and set it on fire. Gullible local residents They believed that a foreigner was able to set fire to the sea or stop the rain.
However, Papuans are generally gullible. For example, they are firmly convinced that the dead go to their own country and return from there white, bringing with them a lot of useful items and food. This belief lives in everyone Papuan tribes(despite the fact that they hardly communicate with each other), even in those where they have never seen a white person.
FUNERAL RITE
Papuans know three causes of death: from old age, from war and from witchcraft - if the death occurred for some unknown reason. If a person dies a natural death, he will be buried with honor. All funeral ceremonies are aimed at appeasing the spirits who accept the soul of the deceased.
Here is a typical example of such a ritual. Close relatives of the deceased go to the stream to perform bisi as a sign of mourning - smearing the head and other parts of the body with yellow clay. At this time, the men prepare a funeral pyre in the center of the village. Not far from the fire, a place is being prepared where the deceased will rest before cremation.
Shells and sacred Vusa stones are placed here - the abode of some mystical power. Touching these living stones is strictly punishable by the laws of the tribe. On top of the stones there should be a long wicker strip decorated with pebbles, which acts as a bridge between the world of the living and the world of the dead.
The deceased is placed on sacred stones, coated with pork fat and clay, and sprinkled with bird feathers. Then funeral songs begin to be sung over him, which tell about the outstanding merits of the deceased.
And finally, the body is burned at the stake so that the person’s spirit does not return from the afterlife.
TO THE FALLEN IN BATTLE - GLORY!
If a man is killed in battle, his body is roasted on a fire and eaten honorably with rituals appropriate to the occasion, so that his strength and courage will pass on to other men.
Three days after this, the phalanges of the fingers of the deceased’s wife are cut off as a sign of mourning. This custom is connected with another ancient Papuan legend.
One man mistreated his wife. She died and went to the next world. But her husband missed her and could not live alone. He went to another world for his wife, approached the main spirit and began to beg to return his beloved to the world of the living. The Spirit set a condition: his wife would return, but only if he promised to treat her with care and kindness. The man, of course, was delighted and promised everything at once.
His wife returned to him. But one day her husband forgot and forced her to work hard again. When did he come to his senses and remember this promise, it was already too late: his wife broke up before his eyes. All her husband had left was a phalanx of his finger. The tribe was angry and expelled him because he took away their immortality - the opportunity to return from the other world like his wife.
However, in reality, for some reason, the wife cuts off the phalanx of her finger as a sign of the last gift to her deceased husband. The father of the deceased performs the nasuk ritual - he cuts off the upper part of his ear with a wooden knife and then covers the bleeding wound with clay. This ceremony is quite long and painful.
After funeral rite Papuans honor and appease the spirit of their ancestor. For, if his soul is not appeased, the ancestor will not leave the village, but will live there and cause harm. The spirit of the ancestor is fed for some time as if it were alive, and they even try to give it sexual pleasure. For example, a clay figurine of a tribal god is placed on a stone with a hole, symbolizing a woman.
The afterlife in the minds of the Papuans is a kind of paradise, where there is a lot of food, especially meat.
DEATH WITH A SMILE ON YOUR LIPS
In Papua New Guinea, people believe that the head is the seat of spiritual and physical strength person. Therefore, when fighting enemies, Papuans first of all strive to take possession of this part of the body.
For Papuans, cannibalism is not at all a desire to eat tasty food, but rather magical ritual, in the process of which cannibals gain the intelligence and strength of the one they eat. Let us apply this custom not only to enemies, but also to friends, and even relatives who heroically died in battle.
The process of eating the brain is especially “productive” in this sense. By the way, it is with this ritual that doctors associate the disease kuru, which is very common among cannibals. Kuru is another name for mad cow disease, which can be contracted by eating uncooked animal brains (or, in in this case, person).
This insidious disease was first recorded in 1950 in New Guinea, in a tribe where the brains of deceased relatives were considered a delicacy. The disease begins with pain in the joints and head, gradually progressing, leading to loss of coordination, trembling in the arms and legs and, oddly enough, bouts of uncontrollable laughter.
The disease develops for many years, sometimes the incubation period is 35 years. But the worst thing is that victims of the disease die with a frozen smile on their lips.
Papua New Guinea. Goroka Show. Papuasia is festive. October 8th, 2013
I thought for a long time where to start a story about a trip to such strange place. To be honest, my impressions of the trip to Papua New Guinea turned out to be quite mixed... And it’s hardly worth dumping everything at once :)))
So here it is. I decided to start with the Papuan front door. Festive. This post will contain a lot of pictures with a variety of elegant Papuans.
This is probably what people imagine when they hear “Papua, Papuans.” I won't disappoint.
There are over 700 different tribes in Papua New Guinea. Literally every village is a separate tribe with its own language and its own outfits.
In order to somehow unite the country, reconcile the tribes, and at least introduce them, for more than 50 years, under the patronage of government organizations, ethnic festivals have been held in the country - a kind of intertribal congresses, at which numerous tribes countries show their cultural traditions, dress in their best clothes (painting their body and face), show ancient rituals, dance, sing and express their identity in every possible way.
One of the main, oldest, most colorful is the Goroka show. Takes place in mid-September.
More than a hundred tribes take part in the festival.
Only from the end of the twentieth century did tourists begin to come to these festivals. So traditionally, these festivals are holidays not so much for tourists as for the Papuans themselves. They come from all over the country, prepare in advance, dress up, joyfully dance and sing during the holiday. In general, for the most part, Papuans love to communicate with new people and hang out. And the festival is a good reason for this.
And although the festival itself began on Saturday, already the day before you could see people dressing up here and there in the town
On a festival day, the dressed-up people just make your eyes dazzle.
The festival is not a demonstration of traditional national costumes. This is a holiday of songs, dances, unity... Therefore, very modernized personalities meet
The whole action takes place according to a simple scenario:
the groups take turns walking through the corridor of spectators (local residents not taking part in the show), dancing and singing war songs. Then they find themselves in a fenced area - a huge field where only show participants and tourists are allowed (I probably counted as many as 20 people). Then this entire large motley crowd dances, sings, sits, communicates, and listens to the speeches of government representatives. And tourists walk and look until their eyes sparkle :)
Each group has two very responsible person. The first one carries a sign with the name of the group. The second is the shoes of the performance participants.
Residents of coastal regions are easily recognized by their rich shell decorations.
Most Papua New Guineans have a bad habit of chewing betelnuts. This nut has a weak narcotic effect. Therefore, the Papuans look a little bewildered. It is very easy to recognize nut chewers - by rotten teeth and a red mouth.
But these people in moss suits simply tore apart my idea of national costumes :)
The bag on the girl's head is a noken. Traditional Papuan bag. Sizes range from a small cosmetic bag to a giant string bag (which fits a large backpack). The bag is worn on the head. They carry not only things there, but also children, for example.
Pay attention to this handsome guy, we will return to this village later
All participants in the show are very willing to pose. For - if white man I decided to take a photo of you, so the costume was a success :)
Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation
Oryol State University
Abstract
by discipline: "Culturology"
on topic: "Aboriginal Australian Culture and
Papuans of New Guinea"
Completed:
1st year student, 3rd group
Melanesia, or the Black Islands, is New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, the New Hebrides, the Bismarck Archipelago, New Caledonia, Fiji, the islands of Santa Cruz, Banks and many other smaller pieces of land. Their indigenous population consists of two large groups - Melanesians and Papuans.
Melanesians live on the coast of New Guinea, and Papuans live in the interior of the other large islands. Outwardly they are unusually similar, but they differ in languages. Although Melanesian languages are part of the larger Malayo-Polynesian family, the people who speak them cannot communicate with each other. And the Papuan languages are not only unrelated to any other languages of the world, but very often even to each other.
In addition to the Melanesian and Papuan peoples in the inaccessible mountainous regions of New Guinea and in many big islands small pygmy tribes live. However, their languages have not yet been studied enough.
Resident of Papua New Guinea in ritual sorcerer's robes.
The state of Papua New Guinea is located in the eastern part of the island of New Guinea, on the Bismarck Archipelago and the northern part of the Solomon Islands. In the 16th century these lands were discovered by the Portuguese. Since 1884, the territory was owned by Great Britain and Germany, and at the beginning of the 20th century. it was controlled by Australia. Although the country became independent in 1975, it is a member of the Commonwealth and the formal head of state is the Queen of Great Britain. Copper, gold and zinc are mined in the country. They grow coffee, cocoa and coconut palms.
Papua New Guinea is often called "a paradise for ethnographers, but a hell for any government." This expression was coined by colonial officials, but it is no less true today. Why “paradise” is clear: there are few places on Earth with such a diversity of languages, customs and cultures. On one side are officials, businessmen, and workers in the capital city of Port Moresby, who wear European clothes and are educated. On the other hand, there are mountain tribes that have not emerged from the Stone Age, waging war with each other and not understanding the language of the people from the neighboring valley. They may welcome a visiting scientist, but kill a man from the nearest village. Therefore, this is “hell” for the government, because it has to “harness to the cart” of the state structure not only “an ox and a tremulous doe,” but also “a swan, a crayfish and a pike” in addition.
The government of the country tried to strengthen in the minds of Papuans and Melanesians that they belong to the same people - the Naim of Papua New Guinea. For this you need first of all common language, because no one has counted the number of languages in the country. In essence, there was a common language, and one that was understandable throughout Melanesia. In Papua New Guinea it is called "tok pisin". It arose from English words and Melanesian grammar among plantation laborers from different tribes who needed to communicate with each other. The British called this language “pidgin English” (from the English pigeon - “dove”); the pronunciation of the Papuans and Melanesians reminded them of the cooing of doves. The language spread very quickly, reaching the most remote mountain villages: it was brought by men returning from work or by wandering traders. Almost all the words in it are English. Although the Germans controlled the territory of Papua for a long time, only two words remained from their language (one of them is “pasmalauf” - “shut up”).
If in English “you” is “yu”, and “me” is “mi” (in Tok Pisin this means “I”), then the combination “yu-mi” (“you-me”) gives the pronoun “we” " “Kam” - “to come”, “kam - kam” - “came”; “bow” - “look”, and “bow-bow-bow” - “look for a very long time”. The most common word is "fela" (from English, "guy"); This is how planters addressed their farm laborers.
In essence, there is nothing strange in the Tok Pisin language: French and Romanian, Spanish and Portuguese arose from the Latin brought by the Roman colonialists, which the conquered peoples changed in their own way! You just need to develop the language to publish newspapers, talk on the radio, etc. That's why Tok Pisin is taught in all schools in Papua New Guinea. And the main slogan of the country is “Yu-mi wan-pela peepal!” (“We are one people!”).
It is interesting that Papuans and Melanesians not only consider Tok Pisin their language, but also know that there is another English, the real one. It is called "tock-pleas-bilong-Sydney" - "Sydney language". After all, Sydney is the closest large city, populated by whites. Therefore, anyone who wants to get an education must speak the “Sydney language”.
The famous traveler Miklouho-Maclay observed the Papuans of New Guinea, who did not yet know how to make fire, but already knew how to prepare intoxicating drinks: they chewed the fruits, squeezed their juice into coconut shells and after a few days received mash.
The crops grown in forest clearings by the Papuans of New Guinea are mostly fruit or tuber crops, and unlike grain crops they cannot be stored for long. Therefore, the community is always in danger of starvation.
There are some principles of relationships between people. Ethnographers who have spent years studying societies with primitive economies have repeatedly emphasized that people here are far from alien to romantic love. While the basic principles of family structure are not regulated by any strict rules and allow for wide freedom of choice,
relatively insignificant, in our opinion, details of a woman’s behavior are under the strictest control traditions and customs. Mostly we're talking about about negative instructions. Among the Papuans of New Guinea, a woman does not have the right to enter the men's house, which plays the role of a village club, to participate in festive meals, or to touch the stimulating drink keu. Not only is she not allowed to be present when men play on musical instruments, but it is strongly recommended to run away headlong at the mere sounds of music. The wife cannot eat from the same dishes as her husband, and during meals, she, like the children, usually gets something worse. A woman’s responsibilities include delivering vegetables and fruits from the garden, cleaning them, bringing firewood and water, and lighting a fire. The husband is responsible for preparing food and distributing it among those present, and he takes the best pieces for himself and offers them to the guests. Life primitive man inextricably linked with hunting. Therefore, first of all, magical operations relate to it. The so-called “trade magic” has been preserved among modern backward peoples. When hunting sea animals, the Papuans of New Guinea place a small stinging insect at the tip of a harpoon so that its properties give the harpoon a sharp edge.
In Papua New Guinea religious views always played and continue to play important role. Animistic beliefs are deeply rooted in the minds of many people, as is the belief in the magical effects of witchcraft, which serves as a means of regulating social relations. From the middle of the 19th century. The activity of Christian missionaries intensified, thanks to which currently approximately 3/5 of the population, at least nominally, are listed as Protestants and about 1/3 as Catholics. Until World War II, it was mainly missionaries who treated and educated the Melanesian population. The largest Protestant denominations are the Lutheran and the United Church of Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Over the past 20 years, significant progress has been made by new evangelical congregations, in particular one of the largest Pentecostal organizations, the Assemblies of God.
The country's population, according to ethnic and linguistic criteria, has always been divided into many groups, often very small in number. A separate group is formed by the Papuan tribes on the southern coast of New Guinea.
The Papuans live in such inaccessible and dangerous places that their way of life has remained virtually unchanged over the past few hundred years.Papuans believe in their own pagan gods, but with the coming of night they appear evil spirits, which they are extremely afraid of. They closely follow the customs of their ancestors during hunting, holidays, war or weddings. For example, the Dani Dugum tribe believes that their ancient ancestors were birds, and “bird” themes are present in their dances and exotic body paint. Some traditions of the natives of Papua may seem shocking to us, for example: they mummify their leaders and talk to the mummy on the most ancient days. severe tests; Native sorcerers use spells to cause and stop rain.
Most Papuan men (and almost all boys aged 8-16) constantly walk with a bow and arrows, as well as a large knife (with its help they quickly cut new arrows), and shoot at everything that moves (whether a bird or an animal ). The reaction of the Papuans is simply magnificent.
Many Papuan men walk around completely naked, but with tubes tied in front.
Pixanews continues a series of publications of photographs by Jimmy Nelson, who captured representatives of various endangered tribes and peoples.
JIMMY NELSON PROJECT.
Part 3. Tribes of New Guinea
Papuan Huli tribe
The first Papuans of New Guinea are believed to have migrated to the island more than 45,000 years ago. Today, more than 3 million people - half of the entire heterogeneous population - live in mountainous areas. Some of these communities have been in conflict with their neighbors for thousands of years.
Tribes quarrel over land, pigs and women. Much effort is put into impressing the opponent. Warriors largest tribe hooligans paint their faces with yellow, red and white paint. They are also famous for their tradition of making ornamented wigs from their own hair. An ax with a claw should enhance the intimidating effect.
Huli people wearing wigs, Ambua Falls area
The traditional clothing of the “highlanders” is scanty: women wear skirts made of grass, men wear nothing but a “koteka” (“koteka” is a protective and decorative sheath for the penis made from a pumpkin). At the same time, in order to impress and frighten the enemy, men make significant efforts.
Representatives of the largest mountain tribe, the Huli (“people in wigs”), paint their faces with yellow, red and white paint. They are famous for their tradition of making decorative wigs from their own hair. These wigs look like hats with plumes, intricately decorated with feathers of birds of paradise and parrots. Other decorations include shells, beads, boar tusks, hornbill skulls and tree foliage.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Ambua Falls, Tari Valley
The Huli people are strictly animistic and make ritual offerings to appease the spirits of their ancestors. Diseases and misfortunes are considered to be the result of witchcraft and magic.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Tari Valley, Western Highlands
Tari Valley with magnificent views of the plain and surrounding peaks. High mountain forests are rich in roaring waterfalls.
Life in high mountain villages is simple. Residents have plenty of good food, families are close-knit and have a great respect for the wonders of nature.
Highlanders - primarily men - live by hunting. Women do fruit picking, gardening and farming. Men help clear plots of land, but everything else is the responsibility of women.
They practice circular agriculture, moving to a new location after the soil is depleted to allow the forests and soil to regenerate. Women are excellent farmers. The first Western travelers to visit this mountainous area were amazed to find vast valleys of carefully cultivated vegetable gardens, orchards and irrigation ditches. Crops grown include sweet potatoes, maize, cabbage and cassava.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Ambua Falls, Tari Valley
The Papuans of New Guinea often have tribal clashes. The reason may be disputes over land, livestock and women - in that order. To earn the respect of his fellow tribesmen, a man needs large quantities land to maintain agriculture, in pigs as a measure of wealth and in several wives who must cultivate the land and care for the cattle.
Asaro Tribe
Various tribes have lived scattered in small agricultural clans throughout the highland plateau for a thousand years. They are separated by difficult terrain, language, customs and traditions. The legendary tribe Asaro ("silt people") first met with Western world in the middle of the 20th century.
Legend has it that the "silt people" were forced to flee their enemies in the Asaro River, where they waited until dusk fell. The enemies saw them rising from the water, covered with silt, and mistook them for spirits. The Asaro people still use mud and masks to maintain this illusion and terrify other tribes.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Asaro tribe from the Eastern Highlands
The "silt people" do not cover their faces with mud because Papuan peoples New Guineans consider the silt of the Asaro River to be poisonous. Instead, they make masks using heated pebbles and water from waterfalls. At the masks unusual design: Long or very short ears that either go down to the chin or stick up, large fused eyebrows attached to the top of the ears, horns and mouths on the sides.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
"People of the Silt"
The Asaro people cover themselves in mud, wear scary masks and brandish spears. Legend has it that the "silt people" were defeated by an enemy tribe and were forced to flee into the Asaro River.
They waited until dusk before trying to sneak away. The enemies saw them rise from the water, smeared with mud, and mistook them for spirits. Frightened, they ran away to their village. After this episode everything neighboring villages came to believe that the spirits of the Asaro River were on their side. The wise elders noticed that this gave them an advantage over their neighbors, and decided to support this illusion in every possible way.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Hill tribes often fight with each other
Over the years, the Asaro people have repeatedly used mud and masks to terrorize other villages with surprise morning visits.
Kalam tribe
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Rainbow over Simbai
Situated high in the mountains, Simbai is a village that can only be reached by light propeller-driven aircraft. Traveling on foot through dense bush and on slippery slopes of steep hills takes many days. With no roads, it's easy to get lost there.
Thanks to this, the local culture remained rich and original, free from the assimilative influences of the surrounding world. A visit to Simbai village is like traveling back in time.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
In the Kalam tribe, boys have their nose pierced as part of their initiation.
The village of Simbai is home to the Kalam tribe in the center of the Madang highlands. This is one of the underdeveloped regions of Papuan New Guinea, where people still live in traditional villages scattered across a vast area untouched by civilization.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Body jewelry
When it comes to body decoration, they cover themselves with ornaments called "bilas" consisting of large pearl shells, as well as necklaces made from hornbill beaks (kokomo), couscous fur, wildflowers and armbands.
Pork fat gives the body the final shine.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Bird feathers and pearl shells
The top of the headdresses is decorated with feathers of cockatoos, loris parrots and birds of paradise of all kinds. Small round pearl shells are attached to the hole in the nose. Sometimes the feathers of the bird of paradise of the King of Saxony are inserted there.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Men and boys of the Kalam tribe
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Life is simple in high mountain villages
The mountain people live by hunting, which is mainly done by men, and by collecting plants and farming, which is done by women. Men help clear plots of land, but everything else is considered women's responsibility.
There is a lot of good food in the local villages, friendly families and ancient traditions based on respectful attitude to natural phenomena.
"Before they disappear." Photo: Jimmy Nelson
Village of Nukunt
Once a year - usually in the third week of September - a week-long cultural festival is held here, which is dedicated to the initiation of young men. The ritual includes a nose piercing ("sutim nus" in the local dialect). Boys between the ages of 10 and 17 enter the hausboi (men's house) to undergo an initiation ceremony conducted by the village elders. The piercing procedure also takes place there.
One of the most amazing countries Papua New Guinea has the widest cultural diversity in the world. Its territory accommodates about 85 different ethnic groups, there are approximately the same number of languages, and all this despite the fact that the population of the state does not exceed 7 million people.
Papua New Guinea is striking in its diversity of nations; there are huge amount indigenous ethnic groups. The most numerous are the Papuans, who inhabited New Guinea even before the arrival of the Portuguese sailors. Some of the Papuan tribes still have virtually no contact with the outside world.
Every year the island hosts Independence Day. Festive attire This Papuan wears feathers from various exotic birds and a lot of jewelry made from shells. Once upon a time, shells were used here instead of money, but now they are a symbol of prosperity.
This is what the spirit dance looks like performed by the Huli tribe living in the Southern Highlands.
During the Independence Day, the Goroka Festival is held. Papuan tribes believe in spirits and honor the memory of deceased ancestors. On this day, according to tradition, it is customary to completely cover the body with mud and perform a special dance to attract good spirits.
This festival is quite famous, it is a very important cultural event for the local tribes and takes place in the city of Goroka.
Tari is one of the major settlements in the Southern Highlands. Traditionally, a resident of this settlement looks like this...
About a hundred tribes take part in the Goroka Festival. They all come to show their traditional culture, demonstrate your dances and music. This festival was first organized by missionaries in the 1950s.
To see real culture various tribes, recent years Tourists also began to come to the holiday.
The traditional participant of the event is the green spider.
