Projects and books. In the picture, the girl lying on her stomach is written off from the lying Tekhura, and the evil spirit guarding the dead - tupapau, is depicted as a woman sitting in the background.

At the beginning of his biography, Paul Gauguin was a sailor, later a successful stockbroker in Paris. In 1874 he began to paint, at first on weekends. By the age of 35, with the support of Camille Pissarro, Gauguin devoted himself entirely to art, leaving his lifestyle, moving away from his wife and five children. Having established a connection with the Impressionists, Gauguin exhibited his work with them from 1879 to 1886. The following year he left for Panama and Maritinique. Fighting the "disease" of civilization, Gauguin decided to live by the principles primitive man. However, physical illness forced him to return to France. The following years in his biography, Paul Gauguin spent in Paris, Brittany, making a short but tragic stop in Arles with van Gogh.

In 1888, Gauguin and Emile Bernard put forward a synthetic theory of art (symbolism), emphasizing planes and the reflection of light, non-natural colors combined with symbolic or primitive objects. Gauguin's "The Yellow Christ" (Albright Gallery, Buffalo) is a characteristic work of the period. In 1891, Gauguin sold 30 paintings, and then went to Tahiti with the proceeds. There he spent two years living in poverty, drawing some of his latest work, and writing Noa Noa, an autobiographical novella.

In 1893, in the biography of Gauguin, a return to France took place. He presented several of his works. With this, the artist renewed public interest, but earned very little money. Broken in spirit, ill with syphilis, which had been hurting him for many years, Gauguin again moved to the southern seas, to Oceania. There were held last years life of Gauguin, where he hopelessly, physically suffered. In 1897, Gauguin tried to commit suicide but failed. Then he spent another five years in drawing. He died on the island of Hiva Oa (Marquesas Islands).

Today, Gauguin is considered an artist who had an extremely big influence on modern Art. He abandoned traditional Western naturalism, using nature as a starting point for abstract figures and symbols. He highlighted linear patterns, striking color harmonies that pervaded his paintings. strong feeling mystery. For his biography, Gauguin revived the art of woodcuts, performing free, daring work with a knife, as well as expressive, substandard forms, strong contrasts. In addition, Gauguin created some excellent lithographs and pottery.

Many of Gauguin's works are represented in the United States, including "The Day of the God" (Art Institute, Chicago), "Ia Orana Maria" (1891, Metropolitan Museum of Art), "By the Sea" (1892, National Gallery, Washington), “Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going?” (1897, museum fine arts, Boston). William Somerset Maugham's "The Moon and the Gross" moon and Sixpence, 1919), built on the events of Gauguin's life, did much to promote the legend of the artist, which arose shortly after his death.

Paul Gauguin short biography french artist, graphics and engraver are outlined in this article.

Paul Gauguin short biography

The talented artist was born on June 7, 1848 in the family of a political journalist in Paris. Paul's family moved to Peru in 1849. There they planned to stay forever. But after the death of Gauguin's father, they moved to Peru with their mother. Here the boy lived until the age of 7. Then his mother took him to France. Gauguin learned French and showed aptitude for many subjects. The young man wanted to enter the nautical school, but, unfortunately, the competition did not pass.

But so fired up with the idea of the sea, Paul went to circumnavigation as assistant pilot. Returning from around the world, he learned the sad news - his mother died.

In 1872, Gauguin received a position as a stock exchange broker in Paris. At the same time, he took up photography and collecting. modern painting. It was this hobby that prompted him to pursue art.

In 1873, Gauguin makes his first attempts to paint landscapes. Carried away by impressionism, he takes part in exhibitions and gains authority. Marry a Dane. Married to her, 5 children were born, but at the age of 35, he leaves his family, deciding to devote himself entirely to art.

In 1887, Paul decides to take a break from civilization and travels to Martinique and Panama. A year later, he returns to Paris and, together with Emile Bernard, his friend, he puts forward a synthetic theory of art. It is based on unnatural planes, colors and light. Written paintings in the style of the new theory enjoyed popularity and the artist sold a large number of his creations, went to Tahiti. Here he begins writing an autobiographical novel.

In 1893 Gauguin returned to France. But the new works did not impress the public, and he could not earn much money at all. In order to find his inspiration, he again travels to the southern seas, continuing to paint.

The last years of the artist were overshadowed by a serious illness - syphilis. Mental torment tormented his soul, and he tried to commit suicide in 1897. Paul Gauguin died in 1903 on the island of Hiva Oa.

Paul Gauguin was born in Paris on June 7, 1848. His father, Clovis Gauguin (1814-1849), was a journalist in the political chronicle section of Thiers and Armand Mare's Nacional, obsessed with radical republican ideas; mother, Alina Maria (1825-1867), was from Peru from a wealthy family. Her mother was the famous Flora Tristan (1803-1844), who shared the ideas utopian socialism and published in 1838 the autobiographical book The Wanderings of a Pariah.

At the beginning of his biography, Paul Gauguin was a sailor, later a successful stockbroker in Paris. In 1874 he began to paint, at first on weekends.

Struggling with the "disease" of civilization, Gauguin decided to live according to the principles of primitive man. However, physical illness forced him to return to France. The following years in his biography, Paul Gauguin spent in Paris, Brittany, making a short but tragic stop in Arles with van Gogh.

Creativity Gauguin

By the age of 35, with the support of Camille Pissarro, Gauguin devoted himself entirely to art, leaving his lifestyle, moving away from his wife and five children.

Having established a connection with the Impressionists, Gauguin exhibited his work with them from 1879 to 1886.

The following year he left for Panama and Maritinique.

In 1888, Gauguin and Emile Bernard put forward a synthetic theory of art (symbolism), emphasizing planes and the reflection of light, non-natural colors in conjunction with symbolic or primitive objects. Gauguin's "The Yellow Christ" (Albright Gallery, Buffalo) is a characteristic work of the period.

In 1891, Gauguin sold 30 paintings, and then went to Tahiti with the proceeds. There he spent two years living in poverty, drawing some of his last works, and also writing Noa Noa, an autobiographical novella.

In 1893, in the biography of Gauguin, a return to France took place. He presented several of his works. With this, the artist renewed public interest, but earned very little money. Broken in spirit, ill with syphilis, which had been hurting him for many years, Gauguin again moved to the southern seas, to Oceania. The last years of Gauguin's life were spent there, where he suffered hopelessly, physically.

In 1897, Gauguin tried to commit suicide but failed. Then he spent another five years in drawing. He died on the island of Hiva Oa (Marquesas Islands).

Today, Gauguin is considered an artist who had an extremely great influence on contemporary art. He abandoned traditional Western naturalism, using nature as a starting point for abstract figures and symbols. He highlighted linear patterns, striking color harmonies that imbued his paintings with a strong sense of mystery.

For his biography, Gauguin revived the art of woodcuts, performing free, daring work with a knife, as well as expressive, substandard forms, strong contrasts. In addition, Gauguin created some excellent lithographs and pottery.

The artist was born in Paris, but spent his childhood in Peru. Hence his love for the exotic and tropical countries. H

and many Tahitian the best canvases The artist depicts 13-year-old Tehura, whom her parents willingly gave as a wife to Gauguin. Frequent and promiscuity with local girls led Gauguin to contract syphilis. While waiting for Gauguin, Tehura often remained lying on the bed all day, sometimes in the dark. The reasons for her depression were prosaic - she was tormented by suspicions that Gauguin decided to visit prostitutes.

Much less well-known pottery made by Gauguin. The technique of his ceramics is unusual. He did not use a potter's wheel, he sculpted exclusively with his hands. As a result, the sculpture looks rougher and more primitive. He valued works of ceramics no less than his canvases.

Gauguin easily changed techniques and material. He was also fond of woodcarving. Often experiencing financial difficulties, he was unable to buy paint. Then he took up the knife and wood. He decorated the doors of his house in the Marquesas with carved panels.

In 1889, having thoroughly studied the Bible, he painted four canvases, on which he depicted himself in the image of Christ. He did not consider this blasphemy, although he admitted that their interpretation is debatable.

Regarding the particularly scandalous painting “Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane,” he wrote: “This picture is doomed to misunderstanding, so I have to hide it for a long time.

In his interest in the primitive, Gauguin was ahead of his time. The fashion for the art of ancient peoples came to Europe only at the beginning of the 20th century (Picasso, Matisse)

Eugene Henri Paul Gauguin (fr. Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin [øˈʒɛn ãˈʁi ˌpol ɡoˈɡɛ̃]; June 7, 1848 - May 8, 1903) was a French painter, ceramic sculptor and graphic artist. Along with Cezanne and Van Gogh, he was the largest exponent of post-impressionism. In the early 1870s, he began painting as an amateur. Early period creativity associated with impressionism. From 1880 he participated in exhibitions of the Impressionists. Since 1883 professional artist. Gauguin's works during his lifetime were not in demand, the artist was poor. Gauguin's painting "When is the wedding?" - one of the most expensive paintings sold.

Paul Gauguin was born in Paris on June 7, 1848. His father, Clovis Gauguin (1814-1849), was a journalist in the political chronicle section of Thiers and Armand Mare's Nacional, obsessed with radical republican ideas; mother, Alina Maria (1825-1867), was from Peru from a wealthy Creole family. Her mother was the famous Flora Tristan (1803-1844), who shared the ideas of utopian socialism and published the autobiographical book Wanderings of a Pariah in 1838.

In 1849, after a failed anti-monarchist coup, Clovis, not feeling safe in his homeland, decided to leave France. Together with his family, he embarked on a ship bound for Peru, where he intended to settle in the family of his wife Alina and open his own magazine. These plans were not destined to come true. On his way to South America, Clovis died of heart attack.

Thus, until the age of seven, Paul lived in Peru and was brought up in his mother's family. Childhood impressions, exotic nature, vivid National costumes, a carefree life in his uncle's estate in Lima remained in his memory for the rest of his life, affecting his irrepressible thirst for travel, in craving for the tropics.

In 1855, when Paul was 7 years old, he returned to France with his mother to receive an inheritance from his paternal uncle, and settled in Orleans with his grandfather. Gauguin quickly learns French and begins to excel in education. In 1861, Alina opens a sewing workshop in Paris, and her son is preparing to enter the Nautical School. But he does not stand the competition and in December 1865 is hired to sail as a "cadet", or a pilot's apprentice. Until 1871, he will be almost continuously sailing around the world: in South America, in the Mediterranean, in northern seas. While in India, he learns of the death of his mother, who, in her will, recommends that he "make a career, as he is completely unable to win the favor of family friends and may soon find himself very lonely." However, having arrived in Paris in 1872, he receives the support of his mother's friend Gustave Arosa, a stock trader, photographer and collector of modern art, whom he has known since childhood. Thanks to his recommendations, Gauguin gets a position as a stockbroker.

In 1873, Gauguin marries a young Danish woman, Matte-Sophie Gad, a member of the Arosa family. Gauguin also becomes a father: in 1874, son Emil was born, in 1877 - daughter Alina, in 1879 - daughter Clovis, in 1881 - son Jean-Rene, in 1883 - son Paul. In the next ten years, Gauguin's position in society was strengthened. His family occupies more and more comfortable apartments, where Special attention given to the artist's studio. Gauguin, like his guardian Arosa, "collects" paintings, especially the Impressionists, and gradually paints them himself.

From 1873-1874, his first landscapes appear, one of them will be exhibited at the Salon of 1876. Gauguin met the Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro before 1874, but their friendship began in 1878. Gauguin has been invited to participate in Impressionist exhibitions since the beginning of 1879: the collector is gradually being taken seriously as an artist. He spends the summer of 1879 with Pissarro in Pontoise, where he paints gardens and rural scenery, similar to the landscapes of the "master", like everything that he would write until 1885. Pissarro introduces Gauguin to Edgar Degas, who will always support Gauguin, buying his paintings and convincing Durand-Ruel, an Impressionist painting dealer, to do so. Degas will become the owner of about 10 paintings by Gauguin, including "Beautiful Angela", "Woman with a Mango Fruit", or "Hina Tefatou"

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Name: Paul Gauguin

Age: 54 years old

Activity: painter, ceramic sculptor, graphic artist

Family status: was married

Paul Gauguin: biography

He was successful entrepreneur and in a few years he managed to put together a large fortune, which would be enough to provide for the whole family - his wife and five children. But at one point this man came home and said that he wanted to exchange his boring financial employment for oil paints, brushes and canvas. Thus, he left the stock exchange and, being carried away by his favorite business, was left with nothing.

Now the post-impressionist canvases of Paul Gauguin are estimated at more than one million dollars. For example, in 2015, the artist’s painting titled “When is the wedding?” (1892), depicting two Tahitian women and a picturesque tropical landscape, was sold at auction for $ 300 million. But it turned out that during his lifetime, the talented Frenchman, like his colleague in the shop, did not receive the well-deserved recognition and fame. For the sake of art, Gauguin deliberately doomed himself to the existence of a poor wanderer and exchanged rich life to outright poverty.

Childhood and youth

The future artist was born in the city of love - the capital of France - on June 7, 1848, at that Time of Troubles when the country of Cezanne and Parmesan was waiting for political upheavals affecting the lives of all citizens - from unremarkable merchants to large entrepreneurs. Paul's father, Clovis, came from the petty bourgeoisie of Orleans, who worked as a liberal journalist in the local newspaper Nacional and scrupulously covered the chronicles of state affairs.

His wife Alina Maria was a native of sunny Peru, grew up and was brought up in a noble family. Alina's mother and, accordingly, Gauguin's grandmother, the illegitimate daughter of the nobleman Don Mariano and Flora Tristan, adhered to the political ideas of utopian socialism, became the author of critical essays and autobiographical book"Wanderings of the Party". The union of Flora and her husband Andre Chazal ended sadly: the unfortunate lover attacked his wife and ended up in prison for attempted murder.

Due to political upheavals in France, Clovis, worried for the safety of his family, was forced to flee the country. In addition, the authorities closed the publishing house where he worked, and the journalist was left without a livelihood. Therefore, the head of the family, along with his wife and small children, went on a ship to Peru in 1850.

Gauguin's father was full of good hopes: he dreamed of settling in a South American state and, under the auspices of his wife's parents, founding his own newspaper. But the plans of the man failed to come true, because during the journey Clovis suddenly died of a heart attack. Therefore, Alina returned to her homeland as a widow, along with 18-month-old Gauguin and his 2-year-old sister Marie.

Until the age of seven, Paul lived in an ancient South American state, the mountainous picturesque outskirts of which excite the imagination of any person. Young Gauguin had an eye for an eye: on his uncle's estate in Lima, he was surrounded by servants and nurses. Paul retained a vivid memory of that period of childhood, he recalled with pleasure the boundless expanses of Peru, the impressions from which haunted the gifted artist for the rest of his life.

Gauguin's idyllic childhood in this tropical paradise came to an abrupt end. Due to civil conflicts in Peru in 1854, eminent relatives on the mother's side lost political power and privileges. In 1855, Alina returned to France with Marie to receive an inheritance from her uncle. The woman settled in Paris and began to earn a living as a dressmaker, while Paul remained in Orleans, where he was brought up by his paternal grandfather. Thanks to perseverance and work in 1861, Gauguin's parent became the owner of her own sewing workshop.

After several local schools, Gauguin was sent to a prestigious Catholic boarding school (Petit Seminaire de La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin). Paul was a diligent student, so he excelled in many subjects, but especially well talented young man was given French.

When the future artist was 14 years old, he entered the Paris Naval preparatory school and was preparing to enter the nautical school. But, fortunately or unfortunately, in 1865 the young man failed the exams for admission committee, therefore, without losing hope, he was hired on the ship as a pilot. Thus, the young Gauguin went on a journey through the boundless expanses of water and for all the time he traveled to many countries, visited South America, on the coast mediterranean sea, explored the northern seas.

While Paul was at sea, his mother died of an illness. Gauguin remained in the dark about the terrible tragedy for several months, until a letter with unpleasant news from his sister overtook him on his way to India. In her will, Alina recommended that her offspring make a career, because, in her opinion, Gauguin, due to his obstinate temper, would not be able to rely on friends or relatives in case of trouble.

Paul did not contradict the last will of the parent and in 1871 went to Paris in order to start independent life. To a young man he was lucky, because his mother's friend Gustave Arosa helped the 23-year-old orphaned boy break out of rags to riches. Gustave, a stockbroker, recommended Paul to the company, due to which the young man got a position as a broker.

Painting

The talented Gauguin succeeded in his profession, the man began to have money. For ten years of his career, he became a respectable person in society and managed to provide his family with a comfortable apartment in the city center. Like his guardian Gustave Arosa, Paul began to buy paintings famous impressionists, and in free time inspired by canvases Gauguin began to try his talent.

Between 1873 and 1874, Paul created the first vivid landscapes that reflected Peruvian culture. One of the debut works young artist- "The Thicket in Viroff" - was exhibited at the Salon and received rave reviews from critics. Soon the novice master met Camille Pissarro, a French painter. Between these two creative people warm friendly relations began, Gauguin often visited his mentor in the northwestern suburbs of Paris - Pontoise.

The artist who hates social life and loving solitude, more and more often he spent his free time drawing pictures, gradually the broker is beginning to be perceived not as an employee big company but as a gifted artist. In many ways, the fate of Gauguin was affected by his acquaintance with a certain, original representative of the impressionist movement. Degas supports Paul both morally and financially, buying up his expressive canvases.

In search of inspiration and relaxation from the noisy capital of France, the master packed a suitcase and set off on a journey. So he visited Panama, lived with Van Gogh in Arles, visited Brittany. In 1891, recalling a happy childhood spent in his mother's homeland, Gauguin leaves for Tahiti, a volcanic island whose expanses give vent to fantasy. He admired coral reefs, dense jungles where juicy fruits grow, and azure sea shores. Paul tried to convey all the natural colors he saw on the canvases, due to which Gauguin's creations turned out to be original and bright.

The artist watched what was happening around and captured what he saw with a sensitive artistic eye in his works. So, the plot of the painting “Are you jealous?” (1892) appeared before the eyes of Gauguin in reality. The two Tahitian sisters, who had just bathed, lay down in relaxed positions on the shore under the scorching sun. From the girlish dialogue about love, Gauguin heard strife: “How? Are you jealous!". Paul later admitted that this painting is one of his favorite creations.

In the same 1892, the master painted the mystical canvas "The Spirit of the Dead Does Not Sleep", made in gloomy, mysterious purple tones. The viewer sees a naked Tahitian woman lying on a bed, and behind her is a spirit in a gloomy robe. The fact is that one day the artist's lamp ran out of oil. He struck a match to illuminate the space, thus frightening Tehura. Paul began to wonder if this girl could take the artist not for a person, but for a ghost or spirit, which the Tahitians are very afraid of. These mystical thoughts of Gauguin inspired him with the plot of the picture.

A year later, the master paints another picture called "Woman holding a fetus." Following his manner, Gauguin signs this masterpiece with the second, Maori, name Euhaereiaoe ("Where [are you] going?"). In this work, as in all of Paul's works, man and nature are static, as if merging into one. Initially, this painting was purchased by a Russian merchant, currently the work is in the walls State Hermitage. Among other things, the author of The Sewing Woman in the last years of his life wrote the book NoaNoa, published in 1901.

Personal life

Paul Gauguin in 1873 made a marriage proposal to the Danish Matte-Sophie Gad, who agreed and gave her lover four children: two boys and two girls. Gauguin adored his first child, Emil, who was born in 1874. Many canvases of the master of brushes and paints are decorated with the image of a serious boy who, judging by the works, was fond of reading books.

Unfortunately, family life the great impressionist was not cloudless. The master's paintings were not sold and did not bring their former income, and the artist's wife was not of the opinion that with a sweet paradise in a hut. Because of plight Fields, who barely made ends meet, quarrels and conflicts often arose between the spouses. After arriving in Tahiti, Gauguin married a young local beauty.

Death

While Gauguin was in Papeete, he worked very productively and managed to write about eighty canvases, which are considered the best in his track record. But fate prepared new obstacles for the talented man. Gauguin failed to win recognition and fame among admirers of creativity, so he plunged into depression.

Because of the black streak that came in his life, Paul made suicide attempts more than once. state of mind the artist was born by the oppression of health, the author " Breton village under the snow" fell ill with leprosy. Great master died on the island on May 9, 1903 at the age of 54.

Unfortunately, as often happens, fame came to Gauguin only after his death: three years after the death of the master, his canvases were put on public display in Paris. In memory of Paul in 1986, the film "The Wolf on the Threshold" was filmed, where the role of the artist was played by famous actor Hollywood. Also, the British prose writer wrote the biographical work "The Moon and the Penny", where Paul Gauguin became the prototype of the protagonist.

Artworks

1880 - "The Sewing Woman"
1888 - "Vision after the sermon"
1888 - "Cafe in Arles"
1889 - "Yellow Christ"
1891 - "Woman with a flower"
1892 - "The spirit of the dead does not sleep"
1892 - "Ah, are you jealous?"
1893 - "Woman holding a fetus"
1893 - "Her name was Vairaumati"
1894 - "The fun of the evil spirit"
1897–1898 - “Where did we come from? Who are we? Where are we going?"
1897 - "Never again"
1899 - "Collecting fruits"
1902 - "Still life with parrots"