All works of Jane Austen list. What is stronger: the heart or the mind? Jane Austen: Early Works

For those who are looking for English TV series - a list of the best in the style of Jane Austen, as well as films based on Jane Austen's books, below we have collected all the films for you. The film adaptations of the writer’s novels are so popular that you will even find modern adaptations in the selection.

The best

Mansfield Park (1983)

Kinopoisk: 6.5 IMDb: 6.7

Sir Thomas Bertram and his family live in Mansfield Park. They took as their pupil a poor relative, Fanny Price, who, on occasion, was always reminded of her origin so that the girl would not be forgotten. Only Cousin Edmund shows sympathy and tenderness. For him, a girl’s modesty and kindness are the best virtues. However, Fanny has yet to win the favor of society and achieve her happiness.

Northanger Abbey (1986)

Catherine Morland loves the mysticism of Gothic novels, but at the same time she always communicates easily and enjoys life. One day she met Henry Tilney, an irresistibly handsome young man who immediately took advantage of the opportunity and invited Catherine to the estate of his ancestors - Northanger Abbey. The girl immediately realized that this place was shrouded in mystery.

Pride and Prejudice (1995)

Kinopoisk: 8.8 IMDb: 9.0 +0

A family of impoverished aristocrats is raising five daughters who have yet to be successfully married off. Mr. Darcy lives next door to the family. An arrogant and pompous type who does not recognize people of the lower class. But love dictates its own rules. And very soon things will break out between him and one of Elizabeth's sisters. strong feelings. .

Sense and Sensibility (1995)

Kinopoisk: 7.9 IMDb: 7.7 +12

Two sisters Elionor and Marianna come from a poor family. There is no dowry, and therefore future marriage seems very vague. However, girls want new acquaintances, true love and secular recognition. However, Puritan society does not agree to let people of lower rank into its circle. Will love conquer bias and reason?

Emma (1996)

Kinopoisk: 7.1 IMDb: 6.8 +16

IN leading role Gwyneth Paltrow starred in this film adaptation. Emma Woodhouse has it all - she's rich, smart and pretty. She has every chance of finding a worthy party and taking her rightful place in secular society. However, a faithful friend at hand and slight summer boredom force the girl to look for other adventures: she decided that it was time to help those whom fate had deprived of beauty or money. But very soon Emma will understand that it is not so much others who need help, but herself.

Emma (1996)

Kinopoisk: 7.2 IMDb: 7.2 +16

An adaptation of Jane Austen's novel directed by Diarmuid Lawrence. Emma's mother died too early, which is why the girl and her sister were raised by Miss Taylor, a governess. Having barely survived the death of his wife, Mr. Woodhouse is not ready to give his daughters away in marriage. However, Isabella, against her father's wishes, leaves the estate. Only Emma remains with her father. She intends to devote herself to their home and live with her father until the end of his days. In addition, the girl has no time to be bored - she is entertained by her faithful friend Knightley. But over time, this is clearly not enough and then Emma finds entertainment for herself - she tries to bring Miss Smith together with Mr. Elton.

Mansfield Park (1999)

Kinopoisk: 6.9 IMDb: 7.1 +16

At the age of 12, Fanny Price was left completely alone, so rich relatives from the Mansfield estate took her to their place, where they gave her shelter, but not care. Having lost her mother's warmth so early, the girl still does not lose heart and enjoys the friendship of her friendly cousin Edmund. Very soon Fanny will turn into a lovely beauty and will have to choose - love or material wealth.

Pride and Prejudice (2006)

Kinopoisk: 7.9 IMDb: 7.8 +12

This is the story of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. They are different and they were unlikely to meet under other circumstances. Finding themselves neighbors, the young people spent time together, although Mr. Darcy did not consider the sisters girls of his circle. That is why he tried his best to dissuade Bingley's friend from stopping his infatuation with one of the sisters. However, at the same time, he himself did not notice how he fell into the arms of love.

Mansfield Park (2007)

Kinopoisk: 6.2 IMDb: 6.3 +12

Fanny Price was taken into the home of her wealthy relatives at the age of 12. She did not know their warmth and affection. Perhaps only cousin Edmund showed concern for his sister. When the time came, Fanny grew into a lovely beauty and now had to do right choice– follow your heart or seek prosperity.

Northanger Abbey (2007)

Kinopoisk: 7.1 IMDb: 7.4 +12

Catherine Morland is the daughter of poor townspeople. One day she went to a resort with her aunt, where she took a fancy to Henry Tilney. The guy was a son famous general Tilney, who had long since squandered a fortune on account of gambling. Misinterpreting the rumors, he decided that Catherine was rich and invited her to Northanger Manor. Soon the general will be extremely disappointed to learn that the girl is poor, but love has already flared up between the young people.

Kinopoisk: 7.7 IMDb: 7.6

Anne Elliot is already 27 years old, and she has not yet tasted married life. The father and elder sister squandered their entire fortune long ago, and things are now so bad that they had to rent out the house to Admiral Croft and his wife. When Anne found out about this, she was horrified, because a relative of the admiral had once wooed her, and she refused him. Now the girl cannot forgive herself for that act.

Kinopoisk: 7.8 IMDb: 8.1 +12

Eleanor is practical and knows a lot about material matters. Marianne is a sensual person. With a third sister and mother, they are left orphans after the death of their father and almost without money, since the meager inheritance goes to the son after their father's first marriage. Now the family lives in a modest cottage, but everything turned out to be much better than the girls expected. New acquaintances, love passions and first disappointments will not keep you waiting.

Kinopoisk: 7.8 IMDb: 8.2 +16

Emma Woodhouse remained to live in her father's house, since he had no one left. The wife died long ago, and the eldest quickly got married. Emma seems to be doing great: she reads, draws and has fun in the company true friend, but even under such circumstances she was very bored with the monotony of life. Then the girl decided that it was time to start pimping. Considering that since she has already succeeded with the governess’s marriage, it means that she will succeed with the rootless simpleton Miss Smith.

Death Comes to Pemberley (2013)

Kinopoisk: 6.6 IMDb: 7.1 +16

Elizabeth and Darcy live happily at their Pemberley estate with their two sons. Now they are preparing for annual ball and are ready to receive guests. Here Elizabeth’s older sister, Lydia, appears. She states that her husband was killed. Then Darcy goes into the forest to look for at least some traces and discovers a dead body, but not Lydia’s husband, but his companion.

Love and Friendship (2016)

Kinopoisk: 5.8 IMDb: 6.6 +12

Susan Vernon is 35 years old and already a widow who is trying to make a life with different men. After the death of her husband, the estate was given away for debts, and the woman herself leaves for the province to live with relatives and find a solution to the current situation.

In a new way

Clueless (1995)

Jane Austen; England, Steventon; 12/16/1775 – 07/18/1817

Jane Austen's novels left a huge mark on world literature. Many of them have been filmed, and several films are dedicated to the life of the famous English writer. Jane Austen's books are included in curriculum all educational institutions in the UK, as well as many educational institutions outside the UK. The writer's novels have been translated into most of the world's major languages, and her treasure in world literature difficult to overestimate.

Biography of Jane Austen

Jane Austen was born in 1775 to George Austen. She was the second to last child of eight children in the family. Despite the high infant mortality rate in those years, all six of her brothers and sister survived. Sister Cassandra was two years older than Jane, but it was with her that she went to study at Oxford in 1783. Here, both girls fell ill with typhus, as a result of which Jane almost died. Then there were schools in Southampton, Reading, but difficult financial position did not allow the girls to complete their studies. Therefore, the final training took place at home. George Austin approached this matter thoroughly and instilled in the girls a love of literature. As a result, the rather large library of the family, as well as the family of Warren Hastings, who were friends of the family, was almost completely read. The works of David Hume and other classics and therefore England became Jane Austen's primers.

The Austin family often gathered and discussed literary news, shared their impressions of what they had read, and also staged plays. As early as 1878, Jane Austen began writing short plays for home production. Around this time, she wrote “Love and Friendship,” which would later be published with the word “Freindship” misspelled. In 1793, she began work on the novel Lady Susan, which she completed two years later.

In 1795, Jane Austen began to experience romantic relationship with Tomo Lefroy, who has just graduated from Oxford University. But their marriage does not provide benefits for either family, and a year later their relationship breaks down. Around this time, Jane Austen begins work on her second novel. It was originally called First Impressions, but was published under the title Pride and Prejudice. She read it for the first time in 1797 for her family. In secret from his daughter, in the fall of 1797, the father sent the novel to one of the London publishing houses. But the romance was returned.

In 1798, Jane Austen began work on the book Northanger Abbey. She completed work on it in 1803. The rights to the book were bought for 10 pounds, but the publisher never published the novel. Subsequently, Jane Austen bought the rights to the novel for the same 10 pounds. In 1802, Jane received her first and only marriage proposal. It was made by their neighbor Harris. And Jane first accepted the offer, but then refused it.

Jane Austen's father died in 1805. As a result, the family's financial situation deteriorated sharply. This continued until 1809, when Edward Austin became a fairly successful banker. He bought them a cottage in the village of Chawton and provided them with a monthly salary.

Jane Austen's first novel became possible to read in 1811. It was the work "Sense and Sensibility", which was published thanks to brother Henry. The novel was very favorably received by readers, thanks to which 4 more novels by the writer were soon published. Jane Austen became very popular and even the Prince Regent invited her to a meeting. Although Jane Austen published all her novels anonymously. But in 1816, the family's affairs deteriorated sharply. Henry Austin's bank went bankrupt and all the family's funds went to pay off debts. This also applied to Jane's fees. In addition, at this time the writer began to be overcome by illness. According to most biographers, it could be Addison's disease. But at that time it could not be diagnosed and treated. Because of this, Jane Austen died in 1817. But given that she worked until her death, she managed to write 20 chapters of the book “Sandinton”, which was subsequently published unfinished.

Jane Austen books on the Top books website

Read online novels Jane Austen is still popular today. This allowed them to take their rightful place among our ratings. In addition, Jane Austen's books are presented among, and given high interest this is far from the limit for her works. And already in the next ratings of our site we can see Jane Austen books in higher positions.

Jane Austen book list

• Reasons
• Castle Leslie
• History of England
• Lady Susan
• Love and friendship
• Mansfield Park
• Northanger Abbey
• Beautiful Cassandra

Jane Austen (1775-1817) - writer, satirist, classic of English and world literature. In Great Britain, she became a herald of realism and is considered the founder of ladies' and family novels. Her works belong to the so-called novels of morals, in which modern society described with a bit of satire.

Family

Jane was born in the English county of Hampshire, in the small town of Steventon.

Her father served as a pastor in a rural church. He belonged to an ancient Kentish family, was a very educated and widely enlightened man, and was well versed in literature. His wife Cassandra Lee also belonged to an old but impoverished family. Mom was a homely woman, well-read and educated; she very skillfully told fairy tales to her children.

In total, eight children were born into the Austin family; Jane had six more brothers and one sister. Jane was the second to last among the children. Those times were characterized by very high infant mortality, but the Austins all survived.

The eldest brother James was inclined towards literature, in his youth he wrote poetic and prose works. small works, but then decided, like his father, to connect his life with serving in the church. James lived to be 54 years old.

The second brother George was not quite a full-fledged child psychologically; he did not learn to talk. The family tried to talk less about him, but Jane loved her brother so much that she learned the alphabet of the dumb to communicate with him. George lived to be 70 years old.

The third brother, Edward, was adopted by Austin relatives who were unable to have children. The Knight family provided for the boy wide possibilities, from the gentry (the English untitled small nobility) he became a nobleman. Died at the age of 85.

Jane's most beloved brother was the romantic and flamboyant Henry Thomas. He was an enthusiastic person, rather impractical, and tried several professions during his life - he went to serve in the army as a soldier, tried himself as a banker, at first his business went well, but then Henry Thomas went bankrupt. In the end, he, like his father, took orders and became a priest. He was married to Eliza de Feyd. The woman was the widow of a French nobleman who ended his life on the guillotine. Jane Austen was very friendly with Eliza, it was thanks to her that the future writer knew well French, became interested in theater and re-read the works of many French writers(La Bruyère, La Rochefoucauld, Montaigne). Beloved brother Henry Thomas lived a long life - 79 years.

Brother Charles John became a sailor, then rose to the rank of British rear admiral, and was commander-in-chief of the British naval forces in China and the East Indies. Died at the age of 73.

Brother Francis William, like Charles John, began his life path a military sailor, rose to the rank of fleet admiral. Of the Austin children, he lived the longest - 91 years.

But Jane was especially friendly with her older sister Cassandra and trusted her with all her plans and secrets. Cassandra knew absolutely everything about her sister Jane, and the great writer died in her arms. Cassandra was not married, she loved the young priest Thomas Fowl. He went to the West Indies, where he wanted to earn money for the upcoming wedding with his beloved Cassandra, but died there from an acute viral tropical disease (yellow fever), which is transmitted by mosquito bites. Cassandra remained faithful to her loved one until the end of her life.

Unfortunately, Jane lived the shortest of the Austin children, only 42 years old. Just think how much longer beautiful works could have written this talented woman. In addition, very little is known about the writer, much less than about her famous brothers. Jane did not keep diaries; the story of her life was formed from endless letters and memories of her family.

Exactly big family Jane influenced her as a writer. She corresponded with her relatives, especially her brothers and their wives. From the letters that Jane received from her family, she drew material for her works.

Childhood and education

The Austin family did not have enough money to provide all their children with a formal education. But Jane had strong will and a remarkable natural talent, she devoted a lot of time to self-education. I read, and then, together with my sister and brothers, I analyzed what I read, making some notes in a notebook.

She was very open girl and had a cheerful character. The fact that dad served as a priest did not mean that the Austin family only read the Bible and spiritual literature. Children loved to perform performances with jokes, skits and charades. Most of all they liked to read novels, then discuss, argue and retell scenes from the works from memory.

There are different opinions about the writer’s appearance at a young age. Her cousin Philadelphia called Jane not at all pretty and not natural, capricious and prim. But the brother of Jane’s friend talked about her attractiveness, subtlety and elegance, said that she was pretty, only her cheeks were a little round.
Young Jane Austen appeared to the world through a drawing made by her sister Cassandra.

It is known for certain that Jane loved balls, fun and dresses. Her letters kept talking about gentlemen, new styles of dresses, and fashionable hats.

The girl was unlucky with educational institutions. She went to the first girls' school in Southampton with her sister Cassandra, but there was such an oppressive headmistress that she led the students to nervous breakdowns. Here the sisters almost died of typhus.

The girls were transferred to another school in Reading, but there the principal, on the contrary, was a very good-natured person, but she was least concerned about the knowledge of the students. In the end, the father took his daughters home and began to educate them himself. It should be noted that he succeeded in this, instilling in young girls good literary taste and teaching them to love the classics. He skillfully supervised his daughters' reading; the works of Shakespeare, Thomas Gray, Goldsmith, Thomson, Hume, Cowper, Richardson, Fanny Burney, Fielding, Maria Edgeworth, and Sterne were studied.

Literary activity

At the age of fourteen, Jane composed her first comic parody called “Love and Friendship.” Here she laughed a little at the sentimental and boring heroines who constantly smell the roses and cry over them, and then faint every five minutes.

And after re-reading Goldsmith’s fundamental work “The History of England,” Jane composed a parody pamphlet on it. Historical work political scientist was kept in his father's office in a closet. It was rather dusty, because it was of no interest to other children, but Jane was not too lazy to study it with all her characteristic attentiveness and meticulousness. One day, a local doctor came to visit her father, and Jane read her parody to him. He listened to the girl for a long time and with interest, then praised her for reading such books. But when I found out that it was her own literary work, was very amazed and laughed for a long time. And then he told his patients and neighbors how clever the priest Jane was: she not only poured tea into porcelain cups and made flower arrangements, but also wrote excellent essays.

Jane really always loved household chores. Despite the fact that the Austin family lived secludedly and secludedly, rarely leaving the boundaries of their estate, Jane turned out to be a girl with an amiable and even disposition, with a smile always shining on her face. Until the end of her days, she was the favorite of the whole family - brothers, parents, sisters, nephews, and her father especially doted on her.

Despite the calm and measured provincial life, the daughter of an English priest was aware of all world cataclysms and events; uprisings, revolutions and wars did not leave her indifferent. Her young and mature years fell during the period Napoleonic wars, uprisings in Ireland, war of independence in North America and the industrial revolution in England. Many of Jane's relatives were direct participants in these events. For example, the fate of Eliza de Feyd radically changed French revolution, brothers Charles and Francis were participants in the war with France. Jane corresponded with them and obtained invaluable material for her works from here.

In her writings there are no wars or revolutions, and the actions never went beyond the borders of England, but the influence of what was happening around the world was always felt.

Jane Austen's work can be divided into two periods. From 1795 to 1798 she created her own early novels- “Three Sisters” and “Beautiful Cassandra”.

Then came the period of novels that made her famous throughout the world:

• “Senses and Sensibility” (“Reason and Sensibility”). The novel is based on love stories two sisters. One is the sensible and reserved Elinor, the second is the romantic and passionate nature of Marianne. How they perceive life differently, experience heartbreaks and, in the end, find family happiness. The book has been filmed several times.
• "Pride and Prejudice". Jane began working on this novel at the age of 21. But the publishers did not publish the manuscript, and it lay there for more than 15 years. When the novel Sense and Sensibility was successfully published in 1811, Jane finally had the opportunity to publish her first brainchild. But before that, she carefully reworked it.
• "Mansfield Park". Vladimir Nabokov called this novel a fairy tale, the story of Cinderella. Forgotten by everyone, lonely and defenseless, Fanny eventually becomes the wife of the protagonist. But this is far from the most best work Jane Austen, even her mother considered the main character somewhat insipid.
• "Emma". In 1815 Jane completed her fourth great novel. Humorous work, in which main character– young Emma, ​​the daughter of rich parents, is trying to somehow diversify her leisure time. She loves to dream, but she is sure that she herself will never get married. Emma enthusiastically wooes all her friends and acquaintances, trying to arrange them personal life. But surprises happen to her one after another.
• Persuasion and Northanger Abbey. These two novels were published after the writer's death.

Austen's works are distinguished by simple and sincere plots, while during reading there is an involuntary penetration into the psychology and souls of the characters. In Jane Austen's novels there is always a soft, pure English humor. She was the first to use the so-called “outside perspective” (“author’s voice”) in novels. The works of Jane Austen are considered compulsory study in British universities and colleges.

She is called "the incomparable Jane." For the third century now, English young ladies from noble and not so noble families have been honing their literary knowledge and tastes in Jane Austen novels. Until now, her works remain attractive to the film industry. Many centers, museums and literary clubs named after Jane have been created around the world.

Personal life, illness and death

Jane had a serious illness - Addison's disease, which resulted in a cancerous tumor with metastases throughout the body. The writer went to Winchester for treatment, where her heart stopped on July 18, 1817. She was buried here, in Winchester Cathedral.

She was not married. In her youth, Jane had a romantic relationship with her neighbor Thomas Lefroy. But their marriage did not take place. Both were from poor families, and the parents wanted more profitable matches for their children, in order to improve their financial situation. They separated, and at the age of 30, Jane announced that she had said goodbye to hopes for a happy life. family life and admitted that she was an old maid.

Jane described her entire personal life, which she would like to live, in her novels. They certainly have a happy ending and they are a must read.

In 2007, director Julian Jarrold made a film about the life of the writer Jane Austen. Miss English novel played by actress Anne Hathaway.

Jane Austen - famous writer classical literature, familiar to readers from works in the genre of realism. Her novels are still popular among young people and adults, and famous directors bring Jane’s works to television screens.

On December 16, 1775, in the small town of Stevenson, in the county of Hampshire, located in the south of Great Britain, a daughter, Jane, was born into the Austin family. Since the winter was harsh, the girl was baptized in the church only on April 5. We can say that the parents of the future writer predetermined her fate, because the name Jane means “God is merciful,” “ God's grace».

The Austin family lived modestly, the head of the family was a parish priest, and his wife kept house. The couple met at St. John's College. Cassandra came from a noble family noble family, her father was the rector of All Souls College. Mrs. Lee's dowry was quite modest, because the entire inheritance from her grandmother was received by her older brother James. George also came from a wealthy family of merchants, but his family became poor.

During the Age of Enlightenment, medicine was not developed, and at that time there was a high infant mortality rate: diseases such as mumps, cholera, tuberculosis and many others progressed. But all the children of George Austin and his beloved miraculously survived.

Thus, the writer grew up in large family, in which, in addition to her, six boys and one girl were raised. Jane was the second to last child and was born ten months pregnant. Initially, newborns stayed at home under the care of their mother. Then the woman gave them to the care of her neighbor Elizabeth Littlewood, who raised the children until they were 12-18 months old.

The elder James realized his creative potential and was engaged in literature: he wrote fictional stories. But fate prepared a different path for the young man: as he grew older, James began serving as a pastor in a local church. History is silent about the other brother, George, because... The Austins preferred not to talk about him. It is known that the boy was retarded and never learned to speak. But the writer loved George, so for his sake she learned the alphabet of the deaf and dumb.

Edward was adopted by relatives of the Austins, the boy was brought up in the wealthy Knight family, and Henry, an ambitious man, worked as a banker and then was ordained. Francis and Charles connected their lives with the sea, and sister Cassandra, who painted in watercolors, never found happiness in her personal life. Jane and Cassandra were listed in many educational institutions, but the girls had no luck with the headmistresses. Among other things, on one of her trips to Southampton, Jane contracted fatal typhus, and the Austin family never had any money for school.

George quickly realized that his daughters would not receive a decent education in this way, so he personally acted as a teacher, taking all responsibilities upon himself. Thus, the future writer and her sister learned more from the lectures of their erudite and well-read father than at school. The man emphasized literature, so the girls early age fell in love with the work of Hume, Richardson and other writers. After reading, they recited the works to each other from memory, discussed the novels, debated and expressed opinions.

Literature

In 1816, Jane became the author of the domestic novel Persuasion (published posthumously), the plot of which revolves around the life of the smug and vain Sir Walter, who found himself on the verge of bankruptcy due to his own stupidity. Of all the abundance of characters in this work, one can single out Walter's 27-year-old daughter Ann Elliot, because this lonely girl is an atypical book hero for Jane Austen.

Despite her youth, Anne appears before readers in the image of a wise and sophisticated woman, who is called an old maid in society. Anne fell in love with young man, however, guided by the arguments of reason, she rejected it for the sake of further well-being.

If we talk about Jane Austen's writing style, then, of course, she is a sophisticated psychologist who understands both the souls of people and everyday problems, as can be judged from her works. Moreover, Jane was accustomed to seasoning her manuscripts with a dose of irony and sarcasm. Although the Enlightenment and victorian era Hundreds of years ago, such human vices as hypocrisy, greed, pride, lust, laziness, etc. passed away. have not sunk into oblivion.

All this happened even in the times of luxurious balls and literary salons. For example, one can recall how Mrs. Bennet's hatred of Darcy is instantly transformed into enthusiastic feelings after the news that the young man is going to propose marriage to her daughter (“Pride and Prejudice”). Thus, Jane shattered to smithereens the stereotypes that had formed among readers of sentimental novels.

Personal life

The personal life of the English novelist is filled with secrets and mysteries. For example, biographers to this day do not know the true appearance of the Lady. Some sources claim that she was a lovely young lady, others describe her as a plump simpleton who was teased by her brothers as a child by pulling her cheeks. There are also different opinions about the girl’s character: either she appears as a prim and obstinate girl, or, on the contrary, as a sensitive and charming lady with a soft voice and kind character. Jane's appearance can be judged by the portrait that Cassandra painted in 1810.

The novelist gave the world elegant love stories, but she herself never found happiness. Her life turned upside down in 1796. Thomas Langlois Lefroy, an educated young man of Huguenot descent, came to visit his relatives, who, ironically, lived not far from the Austins. Thomas captivated the writer’s heart, a fleeting passion resulted in a short romance, which quickly began and faded away. According to family legend, the relationship of the young people reached a dead end due to the dissatisfaction of Aunt Lefroy. Later, contemporaries said that these events found echoes in Persuasion, but Thomas used to say that he loved Jane with a “childish love” - the relationship meant nothing to him.

But Austen was not guided by reason, but turned into a sentimental girl who spent days and nights remembering her unrequited love, because, as Eugene Onegin used to say, “than smaller woman we love, the easier it is for her to like us.” While the novelist was suffering, Thomas easily adjusted his personal life: he became the Chief Justice of Ireland and married a wealthy person, Mary, who gave her husband eight children.

But for the young man Harris Bigg it was completely the opposite: the guy loved Jane. The girl agreed to the marriage proposal, but was a bride for only one day: the medicine of time did not help Austen, she did not forget Thomas, so the lady exchanged the future for an illusory past. The girl never managed to feel herself loving wife and learn the beauty of motherhood, because the novelist had no children. In her free time from literature, Jane sewed and helped her mother around the house.

Death

Jane Austen suffered from Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency). Judging by the clinical description, this disease can last for several years without symptoms and go unnoticed, but it progresses due to stressful situations or other diseases. The patient's appetite is impaired, nausea, weight loss, tetany, etc. appear.

The writer passed away in the summer of 1817 at the age of 42. She arrived in Winchester for treatment, but the girl was unable to cope with the disease. Jane did not have time to complete Sanditon, The Watsons and Lady Susan. The novel Northanger Abbey was published posthumously.

Movies

It is not surprising that Austen’s meaningful works have been filmed more than once.

Keira Knightley, Matthew Macfadyen and took part in the melodrama “Pride and Prejudice”. Emma Thompson once again acted as screenwriter and chose to change the dialogue from the original handwritten script.
Anne Hathaway in the movie "Jay Austin", 2006

• In 2006, Julian Jarrold's biographical film Jane Austen was released, telling the story of the relationship between the writer and Lefroy. He played the role of a novelist, and reincarnated as her lover.
• In 2008, director Dan Zeff presented the mini-series “Jane Austen's Book Comes to Life” starring Jemima Rooper and Elliot Cowan.
• The same year, Jeremy Lovering's film Jane Austen's Misfortunes in Love was released.

Bibliography

• "Love and Friendship" (1790);
• "History of England" (1791);
• "Three Sisters" (1792);
• "Sense and Sensibility" or "Reason and Sensibility" (1811);
• "Pride and Prejudice" (1813);
• "Mansfield Park" (1814);
• "Emma" (1815);
• "Persuasion" (1817);
• "Northanger Abbey" (1818).
• "Beautiful Cassandra";
• "Lady Susan"
• "The Watsons";
• "Sanditon";
• "Castle Leslie"

Jane Austen is still rightfully considered the "First Lady" English literature. She tried all forms of novelistic prose. Her works are included in the compulsory curriculum in all colleges and universities in the UK. Her most famous works considered: , (a novel that impressed Walter Scott himself), “Persuasion.”

Childhood

In the winter of 1775, or rather on December 16, Jane Austen was born in the town of Steventon, Hampshire (in South-Eastern England). Her father was a local priest, her mother came from an ancient impoverished small noble family. The Austin family had eight children (among them only two daughters - Jane and Cassandra). Jane was the second to last child in the family. Despite hard time none of the children in the family died in infancy. In the priest's house, no one was kept at bay, but on the contrary, amateur performances were staged there. From time to time they read novels, and young Jane read out her comic stories there.

There is not enough information about the writer, and even that information does not agree even with regard to Jane’s appearance. Based on information from some sources, she was quite attractive; based on others, she was plain. The writer loved masquerades and balls, colorful dresses and various fashionable outfits. IN school years The Austen sisters contracted typhus, which nearly killed the girls. In addition, the quality of their education did not suit the father; As a result, he took up their science himself, in which he achieved stunning success. Jane also owes her education to Eliza, the wife of her most beloved brother Henry. She taught the young writer French skills and a love of good books. Jane Austen was formed thanks to an intelligent environment - among books, constant conversations about them, discussions of what was read and what was happening.

Creation

Austen's work can be divided into two periods. Between these periods there is a fairly large 10-year gap, during which 25-year-old Jane had to leave the family nest. The first period is 1795-1798, when the early novels were created, and the second is 1811-1816, a remarkably rich period of first successful works and deepening mastery.

Jane never married, although in 1795 she had an affair with law student Thomas Lefroy, who later became Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. The young people never got engaged because it would have been impractical for their families. At thirty, Jane put on a bonnet, which meant only one thing: from now on she spinster who no longer hopes to acquire her own happiness.

Death

Legendary English writer passed away from our world on July 18 in Winchester in 1817 in the arms of her closest sister, Cassandra. The cause of her death is so unknown. According to some surviving descriptions, she showed signs of a cancerous tumor, according to another it was Addison’s disease, according to a third, from tuberculosis, which she contracted from cows. Jane Austen is buried in Winchester Cathedral, near the middle of the north nave, in the building she so admired. Unfortunately, she was never able to finish working on her last novel - .

Interesting Facts:

For the sake of her second brother George, Jane learned the alphabet of the mutes, since he had mental disabilities.

At age fourteen, Jane wrote her first skit, a joke called "Love and Friendship."

Austen's favorite poet was Cowper.

My father was very supportive young talent, buying writing materials with the last money.

Jane was a very good sewer, so she sewed for the whole family.

During her lifetime, the young writer published her works under the pseudonym: “a certain Lady D”

Surprisingly, the first collection of Jane Austen's works was published exactly one hundred years after her death.