The role of libraries in modern society. Myths about the role of libraries in modern Russian society
Increasing attention is paid to informing the population on various aspects of public life by cultural institutions that are actively searching for new forms of positive impact on a person, organizing leisure time for the population. Cultural institutions carry out ideological work with the population using modern methods, diverse in content and designed for all categories of the population. One of the tasks of this work is the revival and development of the historical traditions of folk art, folk holidays, traditions and rituals, organization of high-grade leisure of the population.
Conversations, evening meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, concerts are held, village holidays are held everywhere, state and professional holidays, holidays of rituals and folklore are celebrated. All this introduces people to spiritual traditions, forms love for the native land, national history.
In the practice of working with the population, rural gatherings, evening reports, evenings of dynasties, rural evenings have become entrenched and have become traditional. Good evening, neighbours". At such events, people relax, meet with leaders, discuss and resolve pressing issues.
Evening reports, village holidays, village evenings and other methods of social and political work have received wide recognition and support among the population. And this is, first of all, because they have a lively and interesting conversation about the best people villages, leaders of production, a demanding conversation about the problems of today honoring war and labor veterans. In order to improve the ideological work in the region, it is practiced to hold traveling reporting concerts of amateur art groups in rural areas.
Cycle events, concluding mass theatrical holidays, are dedicated to the revival of folk rituals and traditions. These include Kupala and Christmas holidays, Maslenitsa and dozhinki, theatrical New Year's performances. Together with the public, events dedicated to Mother's Day and Family Day are held. During such events, thoughtful information and educational work is carried out among women.
The main purpose of such events is to glorify a working person, show his best moral qualities, give him the opportunity to have an interesting rest, get a good boost of energy for future work.
In the process of searching for new forms and methods of organizing socio-political informing of the population, rural information centers have been set up in many village councils. They contain quite diverse information on various aspects of activity, there are republican, regional and local periodicals. Here the villagers can watch TV and listen to the radio. In the information centers, various social, political and cultural events are held by the authorities.
Of particular importance in the organization of ideological work with the population are activities related to the holding of state, republican and professional holidays and anniversaries. They effectively influence the behavior of people, are an important factor in the moral improvement of the individual, improving his internal and external culture, the formation of beliefs. This was evidenced by the events dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the Republic of Belarus from Nazi invaders and the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.
Of paramount importance is the familiarization of the population with the true cultural values of the Belarusian people, the revival and further development of the best national traditions, folk crafts and rituals, the upbringing of spirituality and respect for the history of their state. Amateur associations have been created and are working at cultural institutions. The children's school of art crafts is actively working to attract children and adolescents to folk crafts.
On the way to the information society, the importance of libraries. Information support for all segments of the population, taking into account social, economic, demographic changes, prompt information on topical problems of society is the most important area of the library's activities. Social and political readings, lectures, reports and talks, theme evenings, days of specialists, group viewings, as well as discussions and round tables are widely used in work with the population.
At present, information of any content is concentrated in libraries - both political and, what is important, professional. Special literature is so necessary to improve the professional skills of workers in agricultural, industrial enterprises and organizations.
For example, behind the central library Soligorsk the role of an intermediary between the governing structures and the population of the city was firmly entrenched: on the basis of the reading room of periodicals, the Information Center for Local Self-Government Issues operates, which collects, systematizes and provides for use primarily local information. It has become a good tradition to jointly prepare and hold "round tables" on the most important political and social problems.
The library constantly participates in holding unified information days. In the information center, the folder “Approximate topics common days informing". The library is informing the leaders of the city executive committee on the TOR system - thematic service for leaders.
The library is a center for legal and business information. The concept of "legal education" is becoming increasingly relevant, especially since the country's legislative framework is being intensively updated. The Center is equipped with a reference database of legal information of the Republic of Belarus and other official publications of the National Center legal information. Monthly meetings of lawyers with library users are organized on the basis of the Central Bank. As part of the marketing program "Modern Reader: Problems and Interests", a subprogram "Information Support for Education" was developed, the task of which is to inform and develop the information culture of teachers and students.
Today, the main thing for the library is to organize the leisure of young people, to captivate them with new ideas. Therefore, with the youth subscription, the youth club association “Generation NEXT” began its work.
A significant contribution to informing the population is made by the cultural and educational institutions of the city: the children's art school, the city's Palace of Culture, the local history museum, and the city's central library system. City events dedicated to public holidays are held at a high organizational level.
Department of Education and Department of Ideological Work Baranovichi city executive committee carry out great ideological and educational work with pupils and student groups of the city. An information center has been created in the education department to ensure the coordination of outreach work, which includes employees of the education department, the city methodological office, and representatives of the city's educational institutions.
All materials developed and received by the department of ideological work are transferred to the information center of the education department. Further, the information is transmitted, forwarded, to the information centers of educational institutions of the city, which are headed by deputy directors for educational work. In all educational institutions of the city, additions have been made to functional responsibilities deputy directors for educational work related to the organization and conduct of information and ideological work among students.
In the educational institutions of the city, measures have been developed to improve information and ideological work, and a control system has been established. Control is carried out during frontal and thematic inspections, when curators visit educational institutions. The Education Management Information Center periodically requests information from the centers of educational institutions.
Issues of information and ideological work are included in the work plans of departments, methodological associations of subject teachers, class teachers.
In educational institutions of the city there are single days for conducting information sessions. The schedule of training sessions includes information and class educational hours. In working with students, such forms of extracurricular work as seminars, lectures, round tables, discussions are used, to which employees of the city executive committee who are competent in the main issues and directions of socio-economic policy are invited.
As part of the information and ideological work, lecture halls and lecture groups of informers, political clubs have been created in educational institutions. Their purpose is not only to inform about the state internal and foreign policy but also training young people in the skills of analyzing current events. In educational institutions there are information corners, exhibitions of methodological literature to help the organizers of ideological and educational work. Libraries of schools and educational institutions, museums are doing a lot of work in this direction.
Experience in this area is very interesting. Chausskydistrict executive committee. In the district department of education, the post of deputy head of the department for ideological work has been established. In educational institutions, ideological work is entrusted to the deputy director for educational work. In the annual work plans of the department and educational institutions, ideological work is planned in a separate section: “Ideological work”.
To provide methodological assistance to class teachers in the district, a methodical association of class teachers. Among the many issues under consideration, special attention is paid to the issues of ideological and ideological-educational work with schoolchildren. Similar methodological associations have been created in all schools of the district. At them, questions are considered and methodological assistance is provided to class teachers, taking into account the capabilities of this educational institution, reports of class teachers on the work done are heard, the experience of the best is summarized, and the results of competitions are summed up.
In order to provide methodological assistance to the deputy directors for ideological and educational work in organizing outreach work in educational institutions, an Information and Propaganda Center was created in the education department.
Every year, schools of the district approve plans for ideological and educational work for the new academic year, the composition of coordinating councils on issues of ideological and educational work and plans for their work are reviewed.
To assist class teachers, similar centers have been set up in all schools in the district. They develop the themes of class hours, thematic plans for holding Information Days for students, the topics of thematic information hours, and prepare methodological materials.
In educational institutions, informing hours are determined, which are included in the lesson schedule. During their implementation, various forms of political education of students of all ages are used; reading and discussion of newspaper and magazine articles, thematic and review information, conversations, disputes, correspondence travel, oral magazines, business games. Information corners have been set up in each class of schools, lecture groups have been created. Competitions are held for the best information corner.
Information and propaganda work in educational institutions is based on propaganda andunderstanding the symbols of the state: the coat of arms and the flag. The coat of arms and the flag are in assembly halls, classroomsrooms, administration offices. There are special lessons dedicated to the statesymbols of the Republic of Belarus, holidays of the Day of the State Emblem and the State FlagThe Republic of Belarus.Most of the schools in the district have their own symbols: the emblem and anthem of the school.
A lot of work in the schools of the district is carried out on the education of citizenship and patriotism. The program "Sons of the Fatherland" has been developed in the district, and all educational institutions of the district are working on its implementation. Within the framework of this program, certain events are held on various topics. Particular attention is paid to the design of information stands. They contain all kinds of information that allows students to freely navigate the social and political life of the country.
In order to check the state of ideological work in educational institutions, a survey is conducted among students, monitoring the level of ideological work.
The main goal is to involve the Belarusian youth in the socio-economic and political processes of building a strong and prosperous Belarus through ideological, educational and ideological work carried out on the basis of the principle of consistency.
In the beginning was the Word. But it gained its true power with the advent of the book. The book has played and continues to play a fundamental role in the development of our civilization. The gigantic library accumulated over the centuries is a reliable memory of mankind, where its accomplishments and dreams, insights and delusions are imprinted. This library was created on stone and metal, clay tablets and wooden tablets, papyrus scrolls and parchment codices, palm leaves and birch bark, silk and paper - the material and method of manufacture changed, but its purpose remained unchanged: to serve to preserve and transfer knowledge, experience, artistic values. And libraries are important to society because they provide all citizens with access to knowledge and culture. Throughout the world, libraries are the first refuge for information users, accessible to all segments of the population. But, unfortunately, at present, the role of libraries in the cultural life of society has decreased.
There are 14 libraries in the district. People of different generations began to visit our libraries less often. Decreased readability and interest in a book of any genre. Students don't read much. Increasingly, they receive information from a computer. But librarians make every effort to ensure that the library remains a center of culture, information, and communication.
Our CBS has good traditions. Priority areas have been identified, departmental targeted programs have been developed and are already in operation. long years. Library projects “Interesting people native land", "For a healthy lifestyle".
There is an Orthodox department in the children's library. Cyril - Methodius readings held by the children's library have become traditional. They help to enrich our children spiritually, distract from bad habits.
The library is doing a lot of work on the prevention of crime and drug addiction. Educational work among students is carried out both in the library and at school, through a variety of public events: class hours, information hours, ecology hours, health hours, history lessons and lessons of courage, etc. great attention given to information technology. The CBS has 10 computers. Created author's projects on topical topics. The advanced experience of the libraries of the country and the region is being studied. We try to accept everything interesting and new in order to attract users to libraries, especially children and youth. There are 22 interest clubs for children and youth. We also have assistants. Libraries are actively working with houses of culture, schools, a branch of the Demidov Agrarian and Technological College, a department for youth and sports, a military registration and enlistment office, a center social protection, clubs "Young at Soul" and "Katyusha", the editorial office of the local newspaper, and law enforcement agencies.
Now the CLS faces the task of computerizing all libraries. A particularly big problem is the creation electronic catalog Velizh CBS. This requires large financial costs and training of employees. We must start this work next year.
There are stable staff in the libraries of the region. People who know and appreciate their profession work here. And only librarians all this time remain at the forefront in the struggle for an educated, well-mannered and involved in the spiritual wealth of the Russians. After all, the library is not just a place for the provision of services, it is a repository of knowledge, a treasury of human thoughts, a storehouse of wisdom, a repository of wealth and a heritage of our culture.
In our computer age
All the same libraries
Do not push the Internet
Thank you for this!
Glory to librarians!
To them - praise and honor!
May our state
Gives them their due!
Dear librarians of the district, I congratulate you on the All-Russian Day of Libraries. I sincerely and sincerely wish you prosperity and success, endless enthusiasm, health, happiness and prosperity! So that Luck, Success and Inspiration are faithful companions in your work. Perseverance and patience in solving everyday problems.
G.V. Krasnoshchekova, Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation, Director of MBUK "Velizh CBS"
MYTHS ABOUT THE ROLE OF LIBRARIES IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY ********************************************* ****************************************** Libraries are repositories of the memory of mankind, main source information - from ancient manuscripts to electronic resources. As D. Likhachev said: "Libraries are the most important thing in culture ... while the library is alive, the people are alive, if it dies, the past and the future will die." However, contrary to the opinion of a respected scientist, more and more often one has to deal with myths about the role of libraries and the library profession in modern Russian society. Let's try to dispel them. *** A library is a place where only books are kept. Yes, the library is the place where books have been stored for a long time - the source and repository of knowledge. At first it was clay tablets, then - successively - scrolls, handwritten books, printed books. In a modern library (depending on the type and type) you can find everything: clay tablets, scrolls, books, both handwritten and printed, as well as audio books, video materials, electronic resources on a variety of topics, access to information networks, including the Internet . Libraries are not needed, because there is the Internet. The great network that has entangled the whole world is now trying to replace everything: mail, theater, cinematography, libraries, personal communication, finally. But, just as television did not cancel the theater in its time, the Internet will not be able to replace the library. The ability to use the resources of the Internet is a great blessing and a great benefit, but only those who know how to find, evaluate and explore the information found will be able to extract something useful for themselves from what is not in vain called the web. And there is no institution in the world that is better than a library to teach a person to work with information. How does our school and university life begin? From acquaintance with the library. Here, as well as on the Internet, you can find the answer to any question you have. Or almost any. Modern users, who believe that the Internet can replace the library, simply forgot that they got acquainted with His Majesty Knowledge in the library. So a teenager, having picked up the tops of education, considers his parents obsolete and backward. The time will come - and a teenager will appreciate not only knowledge, but also wisdom, and kindness, a sincere desire to help and understand. The time will come - and the development of libraries, and not gas and oil complexes, will become a priority for the smart and educated leadership of our country. Only "nerds" and people out of touch with life go to libraries. People who care about their own future go to the library. Our time is the time of pragmatists. Smart, modern man understands well - the time of wild capitalism and rampant principle "there is strength - no mind is needed" - is passing. In order to achieve something in life - there are not enough father's capital and mother's connections, you have to cost something yourself. And what are you worth if you are uneducated, wild and rude? The school will give you the basics of science, the library - a wide field for self-education, self-education. If you want to take everything from life - do it yourself. Including using the library. The library is always quiet and boring. The library really needs to be quiet. But this silence is focused work, not boredom. A person who is bored in the library will be bored at the brightest holiday, simply because he is bored with himself. The world, limited by the space of a computer "shooter", is really boring. And the world that the library opens up is bright, but complex, diverse and requires effort to master. And it is also promising for those who want to make their life interesting and fulfilling. The choice is yours. Boring, uninteresting people work in the library. Working in an 18th century library was considered very prestigious. So prestigious that the payment for it was not always relied on. The title of librarian was already considered a high honor. Some names are worth something: N. I. Gnedich, I. A. Krylov, K. N. Batyushkov, A. A. Delvig, A. Kh. Vostokov. Women appeared in the library during the First World War, when the men went to the front. Without going into the wilds of the history of librarianship, let's just say that librarians seem boring and uninteresting only to those who are so immersed in themselves and their own affairs that they do not see the people around them. Librarians are modest - it's true. For the most part, they are truly intelligent and, spending their lives next to great people and great events, are not always ready to stick out their own significance. Librarians are delicate - that's also true. But intelligence, delicacy, a clear understanding of one’s need for people (not people in general, but those who live in your neighborhood, study at a neighboring school or university across the road) are not the qualities that our thoroughly technical and commercial state (and modern , and Soviet). Unfortunately. Librarians lend out books. Once upon a time, broken old era, in the 20s of the last century a new library arose. This library, in the conditions of almost universal illiteracy of the population, was forced to take on educational functions. The library has become a school, a club, and a museum. Modern libraries continue to carry the banner of enlightenment - but in a different era, for other people. Readers of our day certainly have a great store of knowledge. However, a person needs not only dry information, he often lacks emotional understanding of this knowledge, especially at school age, when not only a future specialist in his field is being formed, but a person with the ability to love and be loved, to understand himself and others. Who, if not a librarian, talking with the reader, holding promotions, events, meetings with interesting people and books, can help you become a real person, filling dry information with a vivid feeling. Anyone can be a librarian. A modern library is an institution designed to collect, store knowledge, and provide readers and users with access to knowledge. A librarian, in addition to special library and bibliographic knowledge and skills, should be: a highly educated person with a broad outlook, in order to easily answer the most different questions, for example: "What is acmeology?" Or: "How did the Hungarian economy develop in the 18th century?"? friendly and sociable to find mutual language with anyone: a boy, a girl, a young man or an old man, a locksmith, a manager, a teacher, an unemployed person, an entrepreneur, a representative of any party and confession; have a solid supply of patience, because readers are different: picky, meticulous, harmful, unkempt, drunk; a confident PC user, at least within office programs, since modern library- these are not only forms and cards, but also a solid set of electronic resources; always look good, because readers want to see a friendly and likeable person at the library pulpit; extremely unpretentious in everyday life, because it is simply stupid to hope for a tourist trip beyond your own garden on the salary of a librarian. Now tell me, can everyone work in the library? Libraries as custodians of knowledge and culture will always exist. Maybe they won't be the same as the ones we're used to. Perhaps in the future you will be met in the library not by a friendly girl or a strict lady with glasses, but by a young (or not so) scientist with a laptop in his hands (or whatever else inventive humanity comes up with). But they will always be. And woe to those people and that government that do not understand that the worthy existence of a library is a guarantee of a worthy future, because "libraries are the most important thing in culture ... as long as the library is alive, the people are alive, if it dies, the past and the future will die."
The role of libraries in modern society
Abstract on the subject of information culture.
Completed by: student Roppert Zh.V.
Irkutsk 2006
Introduction.
Library - what is it?
There are hundreds of library definitions, but their essence is still not fully covered. The reasons are that we are talking about the most versatile institutions ever created by man. Their wealth and importance grew as a person took the next steps in the knowledge of the world around him and himself. They contain "everything" and are related to "everything", are called upon to provide assistance and assistance "to anyone" and "in anything", to a person - at any age and in any condition, healthy and sick, free and imprisoned, sighted and blind . In libraries - all the knowledge accumulated by generations different peoples on a long historical path: about the living and the dead, about the microworld and galaxies.
What they still lack is what is not known to man himself, for example, exact data about where the boundaries of the Universe are and when the world ceases to exist, what will happen after that. Among the wealth of libraries, there is also no definite answer to the question why man appeared on Earth (why was he created by the Lord from “the dust of the earth” - according to the Bible).
The libraries present what A.I. Herzen called the spiritual testament of one generation to another. “The whole life of mankind has consistently settled in the book: tribes, people, states disappeared, but the book remained,” he wrote. it contains that huge confession hectic life humanity, that huge autograph that is called world history. But in the book there is not only the past; it constitutes a document according to which we are introduced into the possession of the present, into the possession of the totality of truths and efforts found by suffering, sometimes drenched in bloody sweat; she is the program of the future. So, let's respect the book!"
The library itself, according to the great thinker and democrat, is “an open table of ideas, at which everyone will find the food they are looking for; this is a reserve store where some put their thoughts and discoveries, while others take them on growth.
IN poetic form I.A. Bunin expressed the imperishable nature and importance of libraries:
The tombs, mummies and bones are silent, Only the word is given life.
From the ancient darkness in the world churchyard
Only letters are heard.
Nowadays, letters have acquired many new forms that facilitate their storage and transmission over a distance. But still they must be perceived through sight, as well as hearing. And the library will acquire new varieties. But all the same, its content in a figurative, public, traditional sense is a Book. To underestimate the library is to ignore the Book: a wonder of wonders made by Man.
And if people make a mistake in something and find themselves in misfortune, then “someday this will come to an end. And humanity will look back in confusion. And, delving into himself, he will think about the goals, the destinations of his path. And he will look for the answer in his abandoned and coarsened, overgrown with thistles, like a field, lying fallow for too long, his soul. And will not find an answer. And then the book will give him the answer. A book that man despised and threw away. A book, a strange fruit of dreams, and junk no one needs; a book so dull next to the "golden reality". A book that was thought to be dead; book, old cheap rubbish; book, the source of all life. The book, which measured the parallels and meridians of the human soul, invaded the depths of the brain, taking the old generations to the highest heights and to the farthest distance. The book is manna from heaven, able to feed the crowds; food, which, the more you eat it, the more it becomes; magic bread that gives satiety to the hungry, wealth to the poor, strength to the weak. A book through which anyone can become a banker, a Croesus of knowledge, a millionaire of thoughts.
Great Library Power.
XX century behind. Ten years before its completion, Russia - in the traditional sense of the word - once again changed social order, and at the same time geographical boundaries while losing a quarter of the territory and half of the population. Scholars and writers are now looking for a definition that could be used to christen the bygone century as a whole.
In Russia, the 20th century includes a number of historical periods limited by revolutions, wars and other events, mainly tragic with millions of victims.
Figuratively, this side of the century is also characterized by many poets.
For example, at the beginning of the century:
Twentieth century ... More homeless
More scarier than life haze.
Even blacker and bigger
Shadow of Lucifer's wing.
Alexander Blok
At the end of it:
I'm tired of the twentieth century
From his bloody rivers.
And I don't need human rights
I have not been human for a long time.
Vladimir Sokolov
Today, it is even difficult to imagine what our country and all spheres of life in it, material and spiritual, would be like if its path were smooth, calm, favorable for creation and creativity, including the development of libraries. In fact, their network grew and then dwindled, many libraries perished, but after this, observing the traditions of the centuries-old "book wisdom", the people created new libraries.
The record of the history of the current network of these institutions has been going on since the beginning of the Soviet period. This is both true and false. The Soviet system took over from pre-October Russia a significant network of libraries, especially large scientific and public ones, as well as private ones. And although large losses of printed works were allowed - as a result of the nationalization of private and church libraries, librarianship nevertheless developed on the basis created in previous eras. A significant number of industry specialists who were trained and educated earlier also took part in this process. But whoever founded the libraries, people spent money on them. And libraries contributed to society becoming literate and rising to the heights of scientific and technical creativity, creating new spiritual values.
During the years of Soviet power, librarianship, becoming integral part cultural, educational and national policy, updated and developed on new ideological principles.
The network of libraries has grown many times - up to 300 and more thousand; about 5 billion books and pamphlets were accumulated in their funds. By the time this task began to be carried out in our country, it had been solved only in a few states - several European countries and the United States.
This took place in a very multinational and multi-confessional country. At the same time, writing was first created or improved for more than 40 peoples. Libraries have been developed in all republics - union and autonomous, and not only in cities, but also in the countryside; they started playing big role in various spheres of life - the elimination of illiteracy, the implementation of social, cultural and economic transformations.
IN Soviet time there was also something negative that largely determined the activities of libraries: dictatorship Communist Party, common ideological attitudes, censorship, sometimes cruel. But the libraries had and widely used tens of millions of units of natural science, technical, agricultural, medical and other literature. The collections of mass libraries for 50-60 percent consisted of fiction, including the works of many the greatest writers Russia and other countries.
Censorship, strict control over the composition of written and, later, printed works distributed in society, has existed all over the world for centuries, even millennia. Censorship became especially strict after the advent of printing. It also dominated Russia for centuries, with interruptions only during the revolution of 1905 and for the period from March to May 1917.
In general, the history of the book business in Rus', in Russia, in the USSR is the history of the persecution of the press, church, secular, state and party censorship. Under these conditions, the printed word developed, libraries were created, and readers were served. The bulk of the collections of today's libraries is, after all, what was accumulated before the beginning of the 90s of our century, in the censorship era, including a certain proportion of domestic and foreign publications that were published before 1917 in large libraries.
By the second half of the 20th century, the issue of censorship in terms of human freedoms had become an internationally recognized problem.
In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, censorship has been abolished in our country.
It is unlikely that there is a country in the history of which there would be no periods, events, phenomena, acts of a negative nature in the past.
But it is customary to be proud of the best that was in the past. This corresponds to the wise English saying: "Right or wrong - my country."
In the 90s. years in Russian libraries there have been big changes. The human personality has freed itself from many things that hampered it.
The Soviet regime left the stage of history, where it entered to the sound of fanfare.
The final assessment of the Soviet stage of library development, as well as the corresponding period in the history of our country, is a matter for the future. But today one should neither idealize it and regret that it has remained in the past, nor paint everything that was then with only black paints.
Political changes - the elimination of censorship - created favorable conditions for the activities of libraries, which coincided with general trends development of these institutions around the world.
Libraries have received considerable freedom of activity from us. Conditions have been created for self-organization and initiative of their employees. Their commonwealth with colleagues in the profession from other countries is developing. There are opportunities to include libraries in the global library and information system.
There have also been changes in the typology of libraries. Concepts, directions, types of activities, are rooted in the librarianship of Russia.
Library Russia at the turn of the millennium.
IN last decade both in professional circles and in public opinion, two opposing theses about what is happening in libraries dominate.
The first thesis is that libraries in Russia are dying.
The second thesis is that libraries in Russia are actively developing.
Hardly such objective criteria and methods for analyzing the activities of libraries, using which one could make a short and understandable diagnosis of what is really happening in Russian libraries today?
Modern library science has developed a sufficient number of such criteria and such methods. But even using all these tools in the most conscientious manner, it will not be possible to obtain a simple, unambiguous, understandable and shared by all assessment.
The development of librarianship and library services in Russia in the 1990s was marked by serious contradictions - undoubted achievements in some areas and losses in others, the activation of some libraries and the decline of others.
But this is not only in libraries - everything in Russia is contradictory to the limit.
Not so long ago, one of our famous politician said something like that, when analyzing what is happening in our country, making forecasts and making political decisions, one must constantly keep in mind: Russia is both Europe and Asia, West and East, North and South, a very rich country and at the same time time is very poor, still totalitarian, but already democratic, still closed to the world, but also open to insecurity, with high technology and at the same time backward, highly developed and developing.
Our libraries exist precisely in such an extremely heterogeneous, unlike any other country and reflect what is happening in it. It is natural that we have weak, dying libraries that do not meet any, even the most underestimated, requirements.
IN last years we have witnessed how ideas about the tasks and possibilities of libraries, about their place in the cultural, scientific, educational and information infrastructure, their role in political life, development of democracy, local self-government, market economy, formation of a global information space. These ideas are undergoing changes at the same time at the professional, governmental, and philistine levels.
The social role of libraries is evolving. To the traditional functions of an educational nature, preservation and enhancement cultural heritage the functions of information centers are being added, providing access to national information networks and banks.
Traditional intralibrary technologies, forms of library services to the population, the nature of interaction with authorities and various social groups are changing.
It is also logical that, compared with other cultural institutions in Russia, the reforms affect libraries most strongly and dramatically, qualitatively changing their role in society, expanding the requirements for them. Libraries are most dependent on changes in their environment - the state of book publishing, book distribution, the development of the information sphere and telecommunications, the work of mail and transport, customs, but most importantly - on changes in the structure of society, a decrease in the standard of living of a significant part of it, the emergence of new areas employment and new social groups with information needs.
Only libraries seek to keep track of all national repertoire prints, purchase publications published in the country in order to make them available to the public.
Libraries have become one of the few social institutions that take responsibility for providing information and cultural unity regions of such a vast country.
At the present moment, society needs new practical and fundamental knowledge, reliable, promptly received information. The need for this can only be met through state and municipal public libraries, since the library remains the only institution that provides access to culture, knowledge and information free of charge.
Since the end of 1980, the demand for libraries has increased markedly. With a significant reduction in the network of other cultural institutions, libraries have taken over the functions cultural centers organizing people's leisure time.
As of January 1, 1999, the library network in Russia has about 150 thousand libraries.
The largest in the country are two status national libraries Russian Federation - the Russian State Library in Moscow and the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg, as well as the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All three libraries belong to the host of the world's library giants.
The most extensive and extensive network of public libraries, which includes nine libraries of federal jurisdiction:
Russian State Library;
Russian National Library;
All-Russian State Library foreign literature them. Rudomino;
State Public Historical Library;
State Socio-Political Library;
Russian State Art Library;
Russian State Youth Library;
Russian State Children's Library;
Russian State Library for the Blind.
Part of this network are 282 central libraries all 89 subjects of the Russian Federation.
In the system of higher and secondary special education there are approximately three thousand libraries of universities, academies, institutes, schools, colleges.
More than 63,000 school libraries operate in the general education system.
A large network of research libraries has been created by the Russian Academy of Sciences. It includes 375 libraries.
During the Soviet period, each branch ministry (health, agriculture, etc.) created its own network of specialized libraries, which was headed by the central branch library. The scientific and methodological center for all libraries was the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the USSR, with universal funds on science and technology.
One of the largest libraries in the world in its field is the All-Russian Patent and Technical Library
To serve higher authorities state power the Library of the President of the Russian Federation and the Parliamentary Library of the Russian Federation were created.
The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and other law enforcement agencies have an extensive network of libraries.
Libraries in Russia, in fact, are an integral single organism and traditionally interact with each other, as well as with foreign libraries, exchanging documents and information about them, if necessary.
Virtually every industry National economy has a central book depository at the federal level.
Unlike other countries, the state bibliographic record of Russian printed matter is maintained not by national libraries, but by a specialized bibliographic institution, the Russian Book Chamber (RKP). It publishes current indexes and yearbooks of published books, journals and newspaper publications, music publications, geographical maps. Since 1994, the Russian National Bibliography has been published on CD-ROM.
Due to the fact that science in the USSR developed mainly not at universities, but at special research institutes, Russian university libraries are much poorer and incomparable in their significance with Western ones, since they were initially focused mainly on educational process and have never been opened to the general public.
Due to this and some other circumstances, each of the territories that now make up Russian Federation, has one central regional library open to all with a universal fund, including the main repertoire scientific literature. By type and composition of collections, such libraries are a combination of public and academic libraries in the Western sense, something like
nationwide mini-library.
Many administrative centers of territories, regions and districts opened special libraries separately for children and separately for youth. The main emphasis was placed on the specifics of working with these categories of readers.
Economic reforms have caused a decrease total strength libraries.
Party, trade union and scientific and technical libraries suffered the most. In many cases, these libraries have been fully accepted for budgetary funding by the cultural authorities, or their book collections have been transferred to public libraries.
New technologies in librarianship.
The most important tasks of libraries in modern world are increasingly being formed as providing free and unrestricted access to information and preserving its sources, since these two tasks absorb almost all the others. The librarian is increasingly called not the custodian and propagandist of the book, but information specialist, a navigator in an ocean of information doubling in number every eight years.
The modern library, which is entering the third millennium, is no longer only a book depository, but also a kind of electronic archive. This is the only place on earth where access to information is provided both in traditional media and in in electronic format. Online service to remote users of libraries as well as provision of information from remote sources in libraries Western countries became the norm.
What will happen to libraries in the conditions of integration processes? Will our institutions be included in a single international system? It is difficult to give an exact answer to this question, and even more so, it is hardly possible to indicate any, even approximate, dates.
Let's start with the fact that the technological prerequisites for this already exist, and a similar process is underway - especially in developed countries. Our country is going through the same process.
Libraries will become more and more saturated with technology. There will still be sharp turns and jumps. Russia is currently undergoing a transition from the stage when many libraries, especially rural ones, do not even have a telephone, not to mention copying equipment, to the stage of including these institutions in information systems, including global ones.
Than only, technically and technologically, a serious reader is not provided in libraries! Being within the walls of one of them, he can turn to the wealth of others and use the electronic delivery of the sources he needs; at his service - machine-readable databases. He can work with a computer and receive copies of materials - both in print and in electronic versions. A large library is able to provide the reader with translations from one language to another. Special conditions are increasingly created for specific categories of users - age, handicapped etc.
What are social consequences innovations? Even today they allow visitors to do what is located in the so-called virtual world. From an institution that provided access to knowledge fixed on material carriers and stored on shelves, the library is turning into a full-fledged co-owner of the information wealth of other institutions, and its employees into owners of knowledge, genuine knowledge.
This led to a change in the composition of librarians by specialty. Many new professions appear, the structure of institutions, forms and methods of managing them are changing. In all this, both electronics and automation, as well as pedagogical and psychological approaches, play an important role.
Successfully marches on the planet Internet. The Internet, a product of human genius, being a global system, creates a new information climate on the planet, embodies freedom of speech, pluralism, and enables a wide exchange of opinions between individuals and between nations. Celebrated and great importance Internet as a means of education, scientific - technical and economic progress, and politically - as a symbol of democracy. The Internet is a stage in the development of the person himself.
For libraries, the Internet has created and continues to create and expand the conditions for using their reference and encyclopedic potential. Something that until now required a huge effort to find sources of information and databases in almost a spirit of hundreds existing countries and thousands of places - libraries, archives, museums, etc., is now included in the daily life of our institutions, strengthening their social role.
At the same time, on the basis of practice, experts noticed that the Internet cannot replace libraries. Moreover, its negative aspects were noticed. It is fraught with the threat of saturation with disordered information, in which there is a lot of chaotic; there are no restrictions on its composition, including moral and political ones.
Many people in the world are also concerned about the problem of information security associated with the general availability of the Internet.
But let's get back to libraries, which are obliged to use what they need, based on the requests and needs of the person who turned to them. The transition of the reader under the power of the Internet often changes his needs, affects the psyche, distracts him from those motives that brought him to us.
“Although the library is by its nature one of the bearers of conservative values, it does not have the right to abandon the Internet. But at the same time, she cannot accept all his resources and all his “rules of the game” indiscriminately. The library must carefully change the tradition of classifying the search, storage and consumption of information. Therefore, it has no right to trust the Internet as it is. Rather, she should take advantage of those of his opportunities that do not so much cancel the usual forms of his work, but improve and simplify them.
“The Internet is a fast-moving, rushing stream. First you need to find your ford, then your island, in order to gain a foothold, resist, and then swim with everyone together, without drowning and without being thrown ashore.
“All the same, the most affordable and highest quality transmitter of information remains on long time Gutenberg's great invention is the book... If people refuse the book, it's not the Internet's fault... Only a madman will read the Divine Comedy from the screen or multiply it on a printer... No Internet can replace an album with Doré's lithographs. You should not indulge in another Manilov dream. There is no royal way to the realm of world information. The road there goes through school, university, graduate school. The only thing dangerous about the Internet is the illusory involvement in science or culture of any electronic onlooker who knows how to open a file. The current electronic “Mitrofanushki” and “acidists” stare at the screen for hours, thinking that this way, without learning, easily and freely, they will become equal interlocutors of the gods. They forget that the "gods" are just virtual mirages, and therefore are available to everyone and everyone. Even a fifth-grader can talk with a virtual Einstein. Just remember that this Einstein is no different from Mickey Mouse.”
What are the social consequences of innovation? Even today they make it possible to make available to visitors what is in the so-called virtual world.
The library has been on the path of globalization for many centuries, gradually accelerating it and approaching what, according to the same scientists, should lead to the emergence of a single universal culture. Even in ancient times, libraries provided each other with their treasures for copying.
Since the Renaissance, especially in modern times, regular import and export of books has developed, the number of which today amounts to tens of millions of copies. International book exchange and international interlibrary lending emerged as permanent processes regulated by special agreements and instructions. Over the centuries, translation activity has been developing, playing, especially today, a huge role in the exchange of spiritual values. Thanks to translations, many monuments have come down to us. ancient science, philosophy, literature.
Collections throughout the history of libraries have become more and more international, including multilingual. But the matter was not limited to this: for many centuries, the discerning reader sought to get into the library, which has a maximum of spiritual treasures. So not only the sources of knowledge were delivered to man, but the man himself was "delivered" to such sources. Nowadays, for the use of any library by any person, everything is created more conditions, including because the number of people who speak other languages besides their native one is already in the millions.
The World Library System as a link of globalism is technically and technologically prepared. It is important that the political and especially economic conditions of the new century, the entire world order contribute to its creation in accordance with the interests of all mankind.
Bibliography
Kuzmin E.I. Library Russia at the turn of the millennium. Public policy and library management. - M.: Liberia, 1999. Fonotov G.P. Libraries - society - Russia. Research of the sociocultural environment. - M.: Liberia, 2002. Andreeva I.A. On the threshold of radical changes.- // Library.- 2004.-№1.-p.49-52.
Elyapov B., Soboleva E., Kozhevnikova L. On the way to continuous education.- // Library.-1999.-№5.-p.6-9.
G. Fonotov And the world library system will appear. - // Library.-2003.-№2.-p.9-11.
Many came to the same Library of Alexandria, especially at the time of its highest prosperity (2nd century BC - 1st century BC), from all over the ancient world. In the libraries of the Arab Caliphate - Baghdad, Damascus, Tripoli, Cordoba, etc. - there were also many "out-of-town" readers. IN major libraries Europe - Sorbonne, Oxford, Cambridge, French national, especially - british museum, - thousands of readers have been and are engaged - representatives of different countries, including not only European, but also Asia, Africa, and Australia. In the recent past, until the early 1990s, only a year for classes in State Library USSR named after V.I. Lenin came from all over the Soviet Union, including Siberia, Far East, Central Asia and Transcaucasia, up to 90 thousand readers.
Ideology is a system of values, views and ideas that reflect people's attitude to politics, to the existing political system and the political order, as well as the goals that politicians and society as a whole should strive for. Belarus today is a transformed society, for which it is important to study and substantiate the system of ideological values, clarify state structure, systems of economic and political values and priorities that could become the foundation for the formation of the Belarusian statehood and its national ideology.
At the present stage of reforming the education system of the Republic of Belarus, issues of ideological and educational work occupy a priority place in the educational activities of higher educational institutions. A modern institution of higher education is regarded as the most important institution for the socialization of the individual, where training and education are single process aimed at training not only highly educated, erudite and creatively thinking specialists, but also people who are enterprising, enterprising, capable of comprehending actual problems state and to actively participate in the socio-political activities of their country.
A special role and responsibility in accompanying the ideological and educational work at the university rests with the library. Today, the library carries out ideological and educational work among its users at the proper level, clearly imagining the directions of this work.
Functions of the ideological and educational work of the library Active and purposeful popularization of the library fund educational institution, the content of newspapers and magazines on the problems of the socio-political life of the country; comprehensive study of the interests and needs of its users; organization and holding of permanent exhibitions and viewings dedicated to the most important events in the life of the state and society; preparation of abstracts and exhibitions of new acquisitions; providing with literature a complex of disciplines of an ideological orientation; organizing subscriptions to central republican printed editions; development and distribution of leaflets, posters, information leaflets, other visual materials for library users.
Directions of ideological and educational work civil-patriotic education; labor and professional education, the formation of information culture; formation healthy lifestyle life, physical education; environmental education; legal education; spiritual, moral and aesthetic education.
Civic-Patriotic Education As part of this direction, the library organizes permanent exhibitions “Fundamentals of the Ideology of the Belarusian State”. Organized book fairs and other events dedicated to the coat of arms, flag, anthem, dedicated to public holiday, which is celebrated every second Sunday in May "Day of the State Emblem of the Republic of Belarus and the State Flag of the Republic of Belarus". Increased attention in the library is paid to the preparation and holding of events dedicated to the celebration of the Day of Unity of the Peoples of Belarus and Russia (April 2), Victory Day (May 9), Day of National Remembrance of the Victims of the Great Patriotic War (June 22), Independence Day of the Republic of Belarus (July 3). ). Of particular importance in the work to familiarize users with the history and traditions of the Belarusian people, to revive national values have thematic book exhibitions held in libraries that promote literature on the history of Belarus, philosophy, sociology, political science, cultural studies.
Formation of a healthy lifestyle, physical education An important area of ideological and educational work is the formation of a healthy lifestyle of pupils and students. The library focuses special efforts on holding exhibitions aimed at combating drug addiction and substance abuse, smoking, drunkenness, and alcohol addiction of part of the students and students. World Day Against Drugs; World Health Day; World No Tobacco Day; World Tourism Day; World AIDS Prevention Day. Ecological education environmental education students is based on the active promotion of literature on the problems of preserving, increasing and rational use of the rich natural resources. Therefore, the library holds a variety of exhibitions dedicated to international day earth, water resources, Day of environmental protection, Day of the Chernobyl tragedy.
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Belarus and Russia: social sphere and sociocultural dynamics: Sat. scientific works / under total. ed. O.V. Proleskovsky, G.V. Osipov. - Minsk: IAC, - 384 p. The origins of unity: socio-ecological policy and problems of formation of environmental ethics and morality in the conditions of integration of Russia and Belarus. - M .: “Library of the Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, 2006.–359 p. Belarus and Russia: societies and states / ed.- comp. D.E. Furman. - M .: Human Rights, - 432 p. An Illustrated History of the Union State: An Encyclopedia. – M.: Russian newspaper, – 258 p. Union State. Development and prospects / ed. ed. P.P. Borodin. - 2nd ed., add. and reworked. - Minsk: BELTA, - 72 p.
Great Patriotic War: encyclopedia / ch. ed. MM. Kozlov. – M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, – 832 p. Fortress-hero / comp. T. Khodtseva, S. Maslyukov. - Minsk: Belarus, - 120 p. Vyalіkaya aichynaya vayna of the savetsk people (the kanteksse has another real vainy): educational dapamozhnik / pad red. A.A. Cavaleni, M.S. Stashkevich. - Minsk: Ex. Center BDU, - 279 p. Kotov A.I. Belarus during the Second World War and the Great patriotic war(Years): chronological reference book. - Minsk: UE "Encyclopedics", - 40 p. Dead heroes say: Death Letters Soviet fighters against the Nazi invaders (1941 - 1945) / comp. V.A. Kondratiev, Z.N. Politov. – M.: Politizdat, – 272 p. Called Belarus: photo album. - Minsk: Belarus, - 144 p.
