How does the system of male images of the novel help to understand the character of Pechorin? relationship with society. Differences between heroes

Pechorin in the system of female images of the "Hero of Our Time"

The images of women in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" play big role in revealing the character of the protagonist - Pechorin. After all, the subtle facets of his soul, his shortcomings and positive sides you can see it most vividly when the hero interacts with the women he is in love with, who are in love with him.

Not a single love of Pechorin ends happily. He himself comes to the conclusion that the only thing he knows how to do in life is to destroy other people's hopes. Pechorin, like fire, is afraid of marriage. This hero also notes that he loves women only for his own sake, for his own pleasure, greedily absorbing other people's feelings, not sacrificing anything for the sake of his beloved woman. He wants to be loved himself and cannot get enough of this desire.

The image of Bela in "A Hero of Our Time"

Perhaps the brightest female character"Hero of our time" - this is Bela. She is the beautiful daughter of a mountain prince, kidnapped by the enamored Pechorin. Bela savage, uneducated, spontaneous. However, she is the personification of pride and feelings dignity. Bela - real woman in their love feelings. Her love cannot be won by fear, gifts, beautiful words. Bela does not know tricks, she is open and does not hide her feelings.

Bela's heart bows to Pechorin only when he tells her that he wants to go to war to leave his head there. This episode reveals to the reader her merciful and kind soul girls.

In mutual love with Pechorin are revealed the best sides Bela. She is cheerful, mischievous, talented: she sings and dances in such a way that where there is secular ladies at balls. Winning Bela was not easy, but in love she is a real treasure: passionate, faithful, devoted, attentive, sensitive. Bela's ardent love is one for life.

When the shallow feelings of the adventurer Pechorin for her begin to fade, loving girl She feels it right away and fades away before her eyes. Pechorin cannot hide his cooling, Bela feels it with his heart. But even in suffering, she retains her pride, does not reproach her beloved, does not try to limit his freedom or by cunning forcefully bind him to herself. Without love, there is no life for her, therefore, having gone beyond the fortress, Bela somehow brings her early death closer herself.

Even dying from the wound inflicted by Kazbich, Bela only wants to see Pechorin and worries that due to the difference in religions she will not meet him in heaven. At the same time, she refuses to change her faith - she was born in this, and she will die in this. So that the beloved remembers her - here last wish loving heart this girl.

The image of an undine in "A Hero of Our Time"

Another girl in the novel is a smuggler. She resembles the habits of a mermaid and looks very unusual. “Far from a beauty ...”, she, nevertheless, captivates Pechorin. He sees in her "breed". Undine is beautiful, like a beautiful wild beast, artistic, eccentric. She behaves strangely: singing on the roof, talking to herself, not embarrassed by anyone. With her naturalness, even wildness, she conquers Pechorin. He had never seen this before - the charm of novelty captures him.

At first, Pechorin thinks if the girl is crazy, her behavior is too original. But “... there were no signs of madness on her face; on the contrary, her eyes with lively insight rested on me, and these eyes seemed to be endowed with some kind of magnetic power ... "

“The extraordinary flexibility of her figure, the special tilt of her head, her long blond hair, some kind of golden tint of her slightly tanned skin on her neck and shoulders, and a particularly correct nose - all this was charming for me.

Soon, the insightful Pechorin begins to notice that the girl is not as natural as she wants to seem, that she is playing a "comedy". But he does not want to believe his observations, because he has already created an attractive image in his mind:

“Although in her indirect looks I read something wild and suspicious, although there was something indefinite in her smile, but ... the correct nose drove me crazy”

In the end, Pechorin does not find anything really interesting and sincere in the undine. On the contrary, she vilely lures him onto a boat, pretending to be in love, after which she tries to drown him so that he does not inform the commandant about the smugglers. Pechorin is disappointed and angry with himself that he was so deceived.

The image of Mary in "A Hero of Our Time"

The female images of the “Hero of Our Time” are continued by Princess Mary. This is a young innocent girl. Mary is beautiful and rich, she is an enviable bride. Mary has sharp mind well educated:

“... she read Byron in English and knows algebra: in Moscow, apparently, young ladies have embarked on learning, and they are doing well, right! Our men are not so kind at all that flirting with them must be unbearable for an intelligent woman ... "

Mary is surrounded by admirers. She carries herself proudly, even arrogantly, sharp-tongued, able to carry on a conversation. Often she is very prickly and knows how to make fun of an unfortunate interlocutor.

“The princess seems to be one of those women who want to be amused; if for two minutes in a row she is bored around you, you are irretrievably lost: your silence should arouse her curiosity, your conversation should never fully satisfy it; you have to disturb her every minute ... ”- the experienced Pechorin says to Grushnitsky about Mary.

At the same time, Mary reveals pity for the sick Grushnitsky in a soldier's overcoat, gives him a glass of water. She is greatly impressed by the act of Pechorin, who defended her. At heart, Mary turns out to be a naive, shy child - she almost faints from fear when a drunken bully clings to her at a ball. Mary, inexperienced in life, is an easy prey for the skillful seducer Pechorin.

The kind heart of the girl tends to Pechorin, who managed to show himself misunderstood and unappreciated in society:

“The princess sat opposite me and listened to my nonsense with such deep, intense, even tender attention that I felt ashamed. Where did her liveliness, her coquetry, her whims, her insolent mien, contemptuous smile, absent-minded glance go? .. "

From her first love, Mary receives a crushing blow: she was just a game of her chosen one. The pride of the girl is hurt, and all the strength of her tender feelings turns into hatred. "I hate you" - here last words Princess Pechorin. Can she trust anyone else now? Can he love?

“But there is an immense pleasure in the possession of a young, barely blossoming soul! She is like a flower whose best fragrance evaporates towards the first ray of the sun; it must be torn off at this moment and, after breathing it to its fullest, throw it on the road: maybe someone will pick it up!

The image of Vera in the "Hero of Our Time"

Faith is a female victim. She has long been in love with Pechorin, who "dried her heart out." She endures this, hides her love from her next husband, suffers from jealousy. Her only consolation is that her beloved is single.

At the same time, Vera is a smart woman. She is the only one who understood Pechorin for who he is, with all his tricks, passions and vices, and yet continues to love. Vera is ill and knows that she probably does not have long to live. She says that her mind tells her to hate Pechorin, but, on the contrary, she is drawn to him and is grateful to him for all the minutes spent together.

Vera is unhappy, she says that she sacrificed everything for the sake of love for Pechorin. By this, Vera means the joy of life, and not some benefits (she is married by calculation, to an elderly man, for the sake of her son's well-being). “My soul has exhausted all its treasures, all tears and hopes on you…”. Vera wants a reciprocal sacrifice, and suffers because she knows that she will not expect any victims from Pechorin:

“Isn't it true that you don't love Mary? won't you marry her? Listen, you have to make this sacrifice for me: I have lost everything in the world for you ... "

The feeling of love does not bring true joy to Vera: for her, love is a sea of ​​suffering. Reproaches, jealousy, self-humiliation:

“You know that I am your slave; I never knew how to resist you ... and I will be punished for this: you will stop loving me!

“Perhaps,” I thought, “that’s why you loved me: joys are forgotten, but sorrows never…”

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The system of characters in Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time" is called concentric, since all the characters gather around the main one - Pechorin, and serve only as a kind of background for him. The main task of each of them is not so much the manifestation of one's own character traits or feelings, but rather the emphasis on the individual qualities of Pechorin.

Heroes of the novel "A Hero of Our Time"

For example, Kazbich And Azamat in the chapter "Bel" they focus on the fact that Pechorin does not need anyone or anything. Kazbich and Azamat are solid natures, they have a specific goal: to get a horse. But Pechorin has no goal in life, he is only able to worry about an unpleasant society.

Task Maksim Maksimych- to emphasize the mind of Pechorin. Although this hero is quite observant and attentive (there is sometimes a narration on his behalf), he is not able to truly understand Pechorin, since he is obviously more stupid than him.

Dr. Werner, who was a second in a duel, sets off Pechorin's inability to be friends and be faithful. Pechorin has no friends, because he does not need anyone. He is selfish and arrogant, he is not capable of loyalty.

It is also worth noting here officer Vulich, with whom Pechorin argues about whether there is fate in the next world (chapter "Fatalist"). Vulich wants to shoot himself, but the gun misfires; later he still dies through the fault of a drunk, and Pechorin neutralizes this criminal, thereby saving own life. Consequently, Vulich resigned himself to his fate, and he was destined to die on that day. Pechorin told him that fate can be replayed. It turns out that Vulich sets off Pechorin's disobedience to fate.

very important in the novel. female images: Faith, Bela And Princess Mary. The stories associated with them show that Pechorin is no longer capable of true love. All three of his romantic "adventures" end very sadly: the married Vera leaves Pechorin and leaves with her husband, Bela dies, and due to the courtship of Princess Mary, a duel occurs between Pechorin and Grushnitsky. Pechorin kills his opponent, and for this he is exiled to the fortress. Thus, we see that love literally destroys both Pechorin himself, and the women he loves, and his rival (Grushnitsky).

Image Grushnitsky in the novel is especially interesting: he is a kind of parodic double of Pechorin, and this is precisely what irritates him so much. Grushnitsky trumps what is a shame for Pechorin - not wanting to make public his young age, he, explaining the position of ensign, calls himself demoted; in fact, Pechorin has been demoted, and is very ashamed of this. Lermontov concludes that such a double must be destroyed for the sake of the peaceful existence of Pechorin himself. This is what happens in their duel.

By building a system of characters in this way, Lermontov wanted to reveal the character of his protagonist as versatile as possible. The secondary characters are only means for this. In addition to using secondary characters to reveal the image of Pechorin, Lermontov also used

I'm incapable of friendship

of two friends, one is always the slave of the other,

though often none of them imagine

this is not recognized.

M. Yu. Lermontov. Hero of our time

I. Pechorin in the system of male images of the novel

After the main content of the novel has already been comprehended by the students, it is useful to conduct several practical lessons, in which the skills of analyzing the episode will be consolidated and the role of minor characters to understand the personality of Pechorin. This requires a comparison of the image of the main character with Maxim Maksimych, Grushnitsky, Werner, Vulich (in groups).

Group 1. Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych.

1. What feelings did Pechorin's confession, beginning with the words "... I have an unhappy character," evoke in Maxim Maksimych? Prove that the emptiness of Pechorin's soul is the trend of the century.
further...
2. How did Pechorin's attitude towards Maxim Maksimych manifest itself in the scene of their last meeting? In what ways does the author convey Maxim Maksimych's excitement and Pechorin's indifference?
3. How do Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych relate to each other? Choose to your thesis keywords and back each with a quote. (Maxim Maksimych - surprise, misunderstanding, love, sympathy, sincerity. Pechorin - indifference, indifference.) What is the role of the image of Maxim Maksimych in the novel?

Group 2. Pechorin and Grushnitsky.

1. How does Pechorin feel about Grushnitsky? Summarize your observations by analyzing the details of the portrait of Grushnitsky (fragments of entries dated May 11, 16, June 5, 6).
2. What feelings did Pechorin evoke in Grushnitsky? Support your thoughts with quotes from the June 5, 12 entries and the duel scene. What can be said about the nobility and meanness of their characters in the duel scene? What is compositional role in the novel the image of Grushnitsky?

Group 3. Pechorin and Werner.

1. What is common in intellectual development and attitude to life in Pechorin and Werner? Confirm your position with quotes from their dialogue (recording of May 13).
2. Analyze Werner's note to Pechorin after the duel and their last meeting. In what way did Pechorin turn out to be morally superior to Werner?
3. What is the role of the image of Werner in understanding the character of Pechorin?

Group 4. Pechorin and Vulich.

1. How was the character of each of the characters reflected in the scene of making a bet between Pechorin and Vulich? Why did Pechorin decide that Vulich did not value his life? Does Pechorin value life? What is the meaning of their comparison?
2. Evaluate the behavior of Pechorin in the scene of the capture of a drunken Cossack. Why does Vulich still die, but Pechorin remains alive? What is the meaning of such an author's position?
3. What is the role of the image of Vulich in the novel?

At the end of the lesson, it is possible to draw up a plan comparative analysis male images novel or reference scheme.

A variant of the plan for the comparative characteristics of heroes

1. The place of heroes in the system of images (main - secondary, male - female, young - old, etc.) and their relationship.
2. The past of the heroes (origin, upbringing, education, worldview).
3. The "speaking" meaning of their names and surnames and the circumstances of their first appearance in the work.
4. Portraits, their similarity, difference, evolution; whose eyes they are given.
5. The presence of landscapes and interiors associated with the hero (similarity - contrast).
6. Speech characteristics heroes; features of internal monologues.
7. The actions of the heroes, revealing their character.
8. The function of dreams, meaningful artistic details.
9. Heroes in the evaluation of other characters (in the evaluation of each other, in self-esteem).
10. Direct or indirect ways of the author's characteristics of the characters.

II. Friendship in the life of Pechorin

Lesson summary

The male images of the novel are the twins and antipodes of Pechorin, but all of them are undoubtedly lower than him in intellect, their souls are less deep, weaker character they lack the capacity for introspection.

Homework

Taking advantage of the plan comparative characteristics heroes, compose a message on one of the topics: 1) Pechorin in the system of male images of the novel; 2) Comparative characteristics two male characters in the novel. Prepare a written response to problematic issue“Can Pechorin’s relationship with the male characters of the novel be called friendship?” (optionally).

The image of Pechorin is one of the main discoveries of Lermontov. He is truly epic. It expressed the fundamental features of the post-Decembrist era, in which, according to Herzen, on the surface "only losses were visible", while inside " great work... deaf and silent, but active and uninterrupted.”

The image and disclosure of the image of Pechorin as a hero of a special historical era and the peculiar compositional-plot structure of the novel is subordinated. In the reader's perception, it is clearly divided into two parts.

One is an objective narrative about Pechorin "from the outside" - in the notes of a wandering officer ("Bela", "Maxim Maksimych", "Preface" to the "Pechorin Journal"); the other is the subjective-confessional self-disclosure of the hero from within in his "Journal" ("Taman", "Princess Mary", "Fatalist"). Each half has three "chapters". However, Lermontov himself considered it necessary to break the harmony of such a two-term composition. IN separate edition the novel "Taman" from the "Journal of Pechorin", together with the "Foreword" to it, were assigned to Part I. Perhaps this was done in order to maintain proportionality between the parts (taking into account the size of "Princess Mary"). But it is impossible not to notice that with such an “asymmetric” division, the interpenetration of the two compositional-narrative forms in the novel has become closer. In addition, in Part I, Pechorin appears in the circle of “natural” people, in Part II - in the modern “civilized”, noble-privileged environment close to him, without finding his place in these two forms of historical existence that were originally opposed by literature.

In A Hero of Our Time, Lermontov, striving for the greatest objectification of the hero close to him, emphasizedly separates him from himself, primarily by a special structure of the narrative: the author, as it were, goes behind the scenes of the novel, putting between himself and the hero of "intermediaries", whom he retrusts narration. The direct subjects of the narrative are a wandering officer who keeps his travel notes (“Bela”, “Maxim Maksimych”, “Preface” to the “Journal”), one of the characters in the novel is staff captain Maxim Maksimych (“Bela”) and, finally , the hero of the novel himself is Pechorin ("Pechorin's Journal"). Thanks to such a polysubjective organization of the narrative structure, the hero is stereoscopically viewed from different points of view. At first, we hear about him from the lips of Maxim Maksimych. Then the officer-narrator tells about a chance meeting with the hero. And, finally, the narration is transferred "into the hands" of the hero himself.

Realistically showing in the novel great value environment and circumstances for the formation of character, Lermontov, in the image of his hero, focuses not on his opposition to them, but on the final result of the development of the human personality, on the potential possibilities of its internally sovereign development. Hence the deep psychologism of the novel - one of its main innovative features, determined by the originality of the creative individuality of the poet and historical conditions when, according to Herzen, "the poverty of forces, the vagueness of goals indicated the need ... for preliminary, internal work." In A Hero of Our Time, the writer reflected the heightened interest of his contemporaries in the “inner man,” which was noted by Belinsky in his very first review of it: “In the main idea of ​​Mr. Lermontov’s novel lies an important modern question about the inner man. Lermontov's internal and external in a person are two inextricably linked spheres. This is the reason for the presence in the novel of two main forms of psychologism: "indirect" disclosure of psychological processes in their external manifestation and direct internal analysis and introspection of the hero. The first of these forms is based on the consideration of the external as special sign internal. But the second, direct form of psychologism is predominant in the novel. The leader here is the self-analysis of the hero, for the first time so widely represented in Russian literature. Self-analysis Pechorin has in the novel different forms expressions: confessions before the interlocutor; "momentary" inner speech hero, synchronous action; retrospective understanding of their mental states and behavioral motives; "psychological experiment" on others and oneself.

One of Lermontov's merits is in deepening the understanding of the complexity and multidimensionality of the human personality. For Lermontov's concept of personality and understanding universal value In the novel, the orientation expressed in it towards revealing in a person not only the natural and concrete social, but also his general social, generic, beginning is essential.

Exploring the personality of Pechorin primarily as " inner man”, Lermontov, like no one else in previous Russian literature, paid much attention to displaying not only consciousness, but also its highest, personal-generic form - self-consciousness. Therefore, Pechorin more than Onegin, thinker, ideologist. He is organically philosophical. And in this sense, he is the most characteristic phenomenon of his time, about which Belinsky wrote: "... Our age is the age of consciousness, the philosophizing spirit ...". Pechorin's intense thoughts, his constant analysis and introspection in their meaning go, however, beyond the limits of his era, they have universal significance as a stage in the life of a person growing into a personality. Contrary to popular belief, reflection itself is not a disease, but a necessary form of self-knowledge and self-building of a socially developed personality. It takes painful forms in transitional epochs, here acting as a condition for the development of a person who is critical of himself and the world. Reflecting on the mature soul, Pechorin notes: such a "soul, suffering and enjoying, gives a strict account of everything." Pechorin speaks of self-knowledge as " top notch person." However, it is not an end in itself for him, but a prerequisite for action.

The indomitable effectiveness of Pechorin reflected the other side of Lermontov's concept of man - a being not only rational, but also active. “In a reasonable, morally free and passionately energetic act,” Herzen wrote in 1843, “a person ... is a representative of the family and himself.” For Pechorin, passion is not the only and not main source human actions, they are "nothing but an idea in its first development", and therefore "the fool is the one who thinks to worry about them all his life." Pechorin's will is influenced by both passions and reason. The affective-volitional, impulsive in nature actions of the “children of nature” (Kazbich, Azamat) are opposed by the intellectual-volitional action of Pechorin. Without constant introspection and self-report, there is no true freedom of choice, no true freedom of action.

Lermontov, for the first time in Russian literature, brought to the pages of his novel a hero who directly posed the most important questions of conscious human being- about the purpose and meaning of human life, about its purpose. On the night before the duel with Grushnitsky, he reflects: “I run through my memory of all my past and ask myself involuntarily: why did I live? for what purpose was I born? But surely it existed, and it was true that my appointment was high, because I feel immense strength in my soul. Despite the fact that Pechorin never found a generalizing goal in life - and this is one of the sources of his tragedy - it is incorrect to say that he had no significant goals at all. One of them is in understanding the nature and capabilities of man. Hence - the endless chain of his psychological and moral-philosophical experiments on himself and others. His second goal is connected with this - self-construction of himself as a personality, commensurate his behavior with the “high purpose” unknown to the hero.

The possibility of friendship in the life of Pechorin

All the characters of the “Hero of Our Time” that Pechorin encounters in the novel reveal to us new and different features of the protagonist. So, relations with Maxim Maksimych, Werner, Grushnitsky reveal his understanding of friendly, friendly relations. Is friendship possible in Pechorin's life, what does he think and how does he understand it main character?

What is the meaning of the word friendship? The meaning of the word has not changed since the time of Lermontov. “Friendship, friendship,” we read from V. Dahl in “ explanatory dictionary living Great Russian language," is the mutual attachment of two or more people, their close connection; in a good sense, disinterested, enduring affection, based on love and respect ... "

Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych

We see such affection in the ingenuous staff captain - the first who tells us about Pechorin. Despite the fact that Maxim Maksimych considers him a strange person and clearly does not approve of what Grigory does with Bela, he is attached to Pechorin and considers him his friend. “We were friends”, “were bosom friends”, - serving together, people become close, almost family, this is what Maksim Maksimych sincerely believes.

Already being familiar with Pechorin, we, reading about the upcoming meeting, doubt that it will be warm and joyful on Pechorin’s part, because he does not hide his character from the staff captain and does not promise friendship: “I’m a fool or a villain, I don’t know; ... my soul is corrupted by light, my imagination is restless, my heart is insatiable; everything is not enough for me: I get used to sadness just as easily as to pleasure, and my life becomes emptier day by day. But now the meeting took place, the words of joy and gratitude that Maxim Maksimych Pechorin had not forgotten were uttered, the old acquaintance was hugged by Grigory in a friendly way, but why is it so cold from Pechorin, why is Maxim Maksimych offended and upset, for the sake of meeting for the first time breaking the rules? “Am I really not the same?.. What to do? Everyone has their own way ...” - the hero says, and we understand: he is not going to offend anyone, he just met an old acquaintance whom he never considered his friend.

Pechorin and Grushnitsky

Pechorin's meeting with Grushnitsky will take place in a completely different way: “we met old friends,” but from the very first lines of the description it is clear that completely different people are hidden under friendly relations. And indeed, Grushnitsky is a man whose main pleasure is to "produce an effect" and who "importantly drapes himself in extraordinary feelings" and plays disappointed. Pechorin, on the other hand, is disappointment itself, this is his illness, and he cannot but feel the artificiality of the Junker and for this reason not accept him. “I understood him, and he doesn’t love me for it.”

The dramatic outcome of these relations does not leave Pechorin indifferent. "The sight of a man would be painful to me: I wanted to be alone." There is no answer to the question “why did I live? for what purpose was I born?

» at the hero. “Some will say: he was a kind fellow, others - a bastard. Both will be false."

None of the people passing by in a row can understand inner peace Pechorin. The only woman who understood Pechorin “perfectly, with all my petty weaknesses, bad passions”, “Faith has become dearer to me than anything in the world - dearer than life, honor, happiness! But our hope that the indifference of the protagonist and his disappointment can be cured turns out to be in vain.

Love and friendship in the life of Pechorin is just as impossible as many other generally accepted human relations- not because the hero is bad or good, but because of his character and attitude to life. “Twenty times my life, I’ll even put my honor at stake ... but I won’t sell my freedom” - this is how Pechorin builds his life, denying both love and friendship, wanting to remain independent from people and himself suffering from this.

Pechorin and Werner

Perhaps, it is in relations with Werner that the theme of friendship in “A Hero of Our Time” is more clearly revealed, perhaps Pechorin could have become friends with the doctor, they are so similar in many ways. From the moment Werner and Pechorin “distinguished each other in the crowd,” their relationship reminds others so much of her. "Werner is a wonderful person", the main character knows the strengths and weak sides perfect doctor. What brought the two together? “We are rather indifferent to everything, except ourselves”, “we soon understood each other and became friends.” Neither Werner nor Pechorin are incapable of friendship.
Grigory denies true friendships, friendship does not exist in Pechorin's life, because it requires self-forgetfulness, openness, trust - all that the protagonist of the novel does not have. He says that "of two friends, one is always the slave of the other," and, quite possibly, this is not a conviction, but a desire to hide the inability to let anyone into one's heart.

“He is a skeptic and a materialist ... and at the same time a poet,” Pechorin says about a friend, and the doctor sets off and shows the best that we find in the character of Gregory: an analytical mind, strong will, developed intelligence, sincerity. At the same time, involuntarily comparing the heroes, we more clearly perceive Pechorin's other qualities - selfishness, insensitivity and even cruelty.

Understanding of friendship by the protagonist of the novel

Pechorin does not associate the concept of friendship with either Maxim Maksimych, or Grushnitsky, or Werner, or anyone else. But does that mean he doesn't know, doesn't understand true meaning words "friendship", "friend"? Following Lermontov, who describes water society, we observe how “in the world” the concept is devalued: “my friend” - this is how people turn to each other, completely indifferent, or, moreover, even, like a dragoon captain, involving the interlocutor in their vile deeds.

Pechorin, before the duel, addresses Grushnitsky with the words “we were once friends”, giving him the opportunity to change his mind. And when the emotional tension reaches its peak, the hero "felt the need to pour out his thoughts in a friendly conversation." But there is no one to share friendship with the main character - he, relying on life experience and beliefs, rejects unconditionally any affection. Analyzing his actions and emotional experiences, he becomes indifferent both to people and to himself.

Comprehending what you read, you come to the conclusion that such a theme as friendship in Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time" helps to better understand the true essence of Pechorin's character and feel his enduring modernity. These reflections are especially relevant for 9th grade students when writing an essay on the topic “Friendship in the life of Pechorin”.

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