Lumpens and outcasts. The meaning of the word "lumpen
If there are complaints about the activities of prosecutors, a complaint is filed against the inaction of the prosecutor's office.
A complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office is not required before. Algorithm self-study complaint depends on the reason that prompted the applicant to apply with such a document.
An example of a complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office
Prosecutor of the Ulyanovsk region
432000, Ulyanovsk region,
Ulyanovsk, per. Krylova, 19
from Evstigneeva Marina Vyacheslavovna,
address: 432025, Ulyanovsk region,
Ulyanovsk, st. Sovkhoznaya, 259-49,
tel. 7985356266146
Complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office
The reason for the preparation of this appeal was the inaction of the employees of the Ulyanovsk prosecutor's office subordinate to you to fail to take measures to properly consider the complaint against the actions of the employees of the Committee youth policy Administration of Ulyanovsk.
On 11/16/2016, I sent a complaint to the prosecutor's office of Ulyanovsk about the refusal of the Youth Policy Committee to get acquainted with the materials on the exclusion from the "Young Family" program of my family consisting of 3 people: Evstigneev Maxim Anatolyevich, born in 1987, Evstigneeva Marina Vyacheslavovna, born in 1989, and Evstigneeva Anna Maksimovna, born in 2010 We applied to the Committee, having prepared a written application for familiarization with the indicated materials on the basis of Art. 24 Constitutions Russian Federation, however, we were unreasonably denied with reference to internal correspondence and confidentiality of information.
On January 10, 2017, after receiving the Committee’s refusal in writing, we sent a complaint to the Ulyanovsk prosecutor’s office about bringing the Committee’s officials to administrative responsibility for unreasonably refusing to provide an opportunity to get acquainted with the materials regarding our family (under Article 5.39 of the Code of Administrative Offenses) or issuing submission to the Chairman of the Committee. However, as followed from the answer signed by Assistant Prosecutor G.V. Andreeva No. 1-556436 dated January 20, 2017, the specified official in violation of Law No. 59-FZ and the order Prosecutor General's Office On January 30, 2013, No. 45, our complaint was sent for consideration to the Youth Policy Committee.
Since it is not allowed to send a complaint to the body to which the complaint was received, the actions of prosecutors are illegal and contrary to the Laws of the Russian Federation.
Based on the foregoing, I ask you to check the inaction of the employees of the prosecutor's office of Ulyanovsk for not taking action on the facts set forth in the Evstigneevs' complaint against the Youth Policy Committee, to bring the guilty employees to disciplinary or administrative responsibility for violating the norms federal law No. 59-FZ. ABOUT measures taken notify the applicant.
February 15, 2017 Evstigneeva M.A.
Complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office - grounds
The prosecutor's office is a special supervisory body whose duties include monitoring the use of government bodies legislation. And if the employees of the prosecutor's office themselves violate the law, without filing a complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office, the likelihood of resolving the dispute is not great. A complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office can be filed with a higher prosecutor or in court.
Such a need usually arises in two cases: failure to take action on the received (formal replies, violation of the law, delay in the procedure for considering the facts presented), failure to fulfill the tasks assigned to the prosecutor's office for supervision in the field of criminal proceedings. As a complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office, one can also consider a complaint about the actions of a specific official of the prosecutor's office, when the specified body is obliged by law to take certain actions, however, it unlawfully evades their execution (for example, when it is required to protect the rights of an indefinite circle of persons).
Of course, each complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office is individual. Its content will be the actions of officials of the prosecutor's office to take no action: within the framework of criminal cases, to consider complaints, provide information, etc. A complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office must be justified and include references to regulations. In case of difficulties in the legal substantiation of the complaint or other difficulties, you can get legal advice on the site.
Drawing up and filing a complaint against the inaction of the prosecutor's office
The complaint is drawn up and submitted to a higher authority. That is, either to the prosecutor's office, which is superior to the employee of the prosecutor's office who violated the law, or to his boss. By the way, if the complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office is connected with a previously considered complaint to this body, the procedure for appealing the decision must be indicated in the text of the response to the complaint. In any case, on the website of the prosecutor's office you can find information - where to complain, how to file a complaint (including via the Internet).
Information about the applicant must be indicated: last name, first name, patronymic, registration address or postal address. Briefly state the essence of the case, provide information about the inactive employee of the prosecutor's office (position, full name, or name of the department).
The complaint should end with a demand to recognize the actions (inaction) of the prosecutor's office employees as illegal, to oblige them to take certain actions to restore violated rights (law and order). You can ask to hold such workers accountable.
The fastest way to file a complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office is through the website. Can you send her by registered mail, you can visit the building of the prosecutor's office and file a complaint through the office or use the special box "For applications (appeals) of citizens."
The refusal to consider a complaint about the inaction of the prosecutor's office, the failure to take measures to respond to the complaint is appealed to the court by filing.
Gennady Tikhonov
Articles written
Many prosecutors perform their duties diligently and are a model of integrity, but there are cases when prosecutors are inactive or do not properly perform their prescribed functions.
In this case, citizens can write a complaint and complain about the inaction of officials. Such appeals are sent either to higher management or to the court. Where and to whom to write a complaint depends on the offense and the severity of the consequences.
Do not be afraid to complain, because this is the only way to call to account officials who are accustomed to break the law with impunity, or neglect the performance of their duties.
Terms of consideration of applications of citizens
Applications of citizens are accepted for consideration without fail. The term for receiving a response depends on the authority where the complaint is sent:
- higher supervisory authorities will consider the complaint from those to ten days;
- the court will conduct proceedings according to the general rules of procedure, as a result, the term may be delayed for an indefinite period;
- applications for administrative offenses must be considered within ten days.
In case of non-receipt of a response or disagreement with the decision of the body that conducted the proceedings, citizens have the right to appeal the verdict. You can complain again about the inaction of an employee of the prosecutor's office to the court and authorities that are higher in the law enforcement hierarchy than the body where you have already applied.
Requirements for filing a complaint of inaction
Any application must be properly completed. Its content should be brief, but very informative, your words must be supported by evidence. All this will ensure rapid consideration and adoption. right decision. You can find a sample complaint against prosecutors and download it on our website.
In your appeal, you should indicate the norms of the law that were violated by inaction or deliberate acts of an employee of the prosecutor's office. In this case, you must enter the article numbers and the name of the laws to which you refer.
It is not difficult to write a complaint, you can take a sample as a basis, which can be downloaded here. If you have any questions about filing a claim, an experienced lawyer will consult for free on this issue and provide other necessary assistance.
Sample Application
An approximate sample of a complaint about the inaction of prosecutors may look like this:
- the mandatory heading of the application contains the name of the organization where the complaint is sent, the name of the official to whom it is submitted, as well as the applicant's personal data, such as the name and place of residence;
- title of the document this case it will be called that - a complaint about inaction;
- in the main part it is necessary to write what specific claims you have, and to which employee of the prosecutor's office they are being put forward, it is important to indicate specific positions and names, as well as dates, you need to complain reasonably;
- the conclusion should be issued in the form of a statement, where the applicant indicates that such inaction is illegal, it should also be required to hold negligent employees accountable and take necessary actions to correct and eliminate deficiencies in the conduct of the investigation;
- the complaint must be signed, anonymous applications are not accepted for consideration, and the date of the document is also indicated.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL RELATIONS
The social structure, like other aspects of society, is subject to change. From history courses, you know how this happened during civilizational development V various eras. Painting social life modern humanity also motley and mobile. The most stable social structure in the existing and still traditional societies. They retain social groups associated with communal land use, subsistence farming, and small-scale production. In a number of cases, the principles of a religious-communal and even tribal organization are supported.
High social dynamics differ societies that have entered the era of industrialization and modernization. Groups associated with large-scale industrial production are strengthening there, and the urban population is growing.
Significant social changes are taking place in developed countries West. One trend is the rise of a "new" middle class. It includes the majority of the intelligentsia, middle and lower managers, highly skilled workers. The incomes of these strata, in most cases wage-earners, are not lower than those of the middle and petty bourgeoisie (the "old" middle class). The growth of the middle class reduces social differentiation makes society more politically stable.
This group of countries has a large share of the population that is employed. At the same time, structural changes in the economy lead to a reduction in the size of the industrial working class. There are also fewer independent peasants (farmers). However, under the influence scientific and technological revolution the importance of highly skilled mental labor is growing. acute social problem there is still unemployment.
A certain regulatory impact on social relations seeks to provide government. In a number of cases, the state supports the ideas of social equality, and in extreme cases, evenness. This applies, for example, to former socialist countries, current Cuba, North Korea.
IN Western countries one of the main concerns of the state is to prevent social conflicts. Much is being done to support the most vulnerable segments of the population in a competitive economy - the elderly, the disabled, large families.
These two groups of the population, each in its own way, seem to fall out of a stable social structure society.
The word lumpen comes from the German Lumpen - rags. The lumpen include people who have sunk to the "bottom" of public life - vagrants, beggars, homeless people. As a rule, they come from various social strata and classes. The increase in the size of this group (lumpenization of the population) is dangerous for society, since it serves as a breeding ground for all kinds of extremist organizations. Another position and another social role at the marginal layers (lat. margina- Hs - located on the edge). These include groups that occupy an intermediate position between stable communities. One of the main channels of marginalization is mass migration from the countryside to the city. Such a process took place, for example, in the late 1920s and 1930s in our country. The unfolding industrialization required more and more workers. Former villager, having lost touch with the rural way of life, they hardly got used to the urban environment. For a long time they became people with severed social ties, destroyed spiritual values. Such segments of the population, “rootless”, with an unstable social position, strove for a firm, state-established order, for “ strong hand". This created a social basis for the anti-democratic regime, significantly reduced the revolutionary expectation of change.
This example shows one of the negative consequences of the increase in marginalized groups. At the same time, it must be admitted that often it is precisely these sections of the population, not bound by traditions and prejudices, who are especially active in supporting the progressive, often acting as its initiators.
Social Differentiation it is the division of society into groups occupying different positions. Inherent in any society.
Economic
Political
professional
The term " stratification"has its origin from the Latin word stratum - layers, layer. The most universal concept is stratum- social stratum in the selection criteria put income, education, profession, etc.
strata are large groups of people who differ in their position in the social structure of society.
In sociology, there are four main types social stratification - slavery, castes, estates and classes. The first three characterize closed societies, and the last type - open ones.
Slavery. There are two forms of slavery: patriarchal, in which the slave has all the rights of a younger family member (among the Jews), and classical (Rome Greece), in which the slave has no rights and is considered the property of the owner (a talking tool).
Castoy they call such a social group (stratum), membership in which is transferred to a person only by birth. The transition of a person from one caste to another during his lifetime is impossible - for this he needs to be born again.
a) brahmins - priests;
b) kshatriyas - warriors;
c) vaishyas - merchants;
d) Shudras - peasants, artisans, workers.
A special position is occupied by the so-called untouchables, who do not belong to any caste and occupy a lower position.
Estates- groups of people with certain rights, duties and social status, inherited. From one class to another is difficult, but you can go, which cannot be said about castes. Privileged, semi-privileged and unprivileged.
Classes. V. I. Lenin: “Classes are called large groups people, differing in their place in the historically determined system of social production, in their relation (for the most part fixed and formalized in laws) to the means of production, in their role in the social organization of labor, and, consequently, in the methods of obtaining and the size of that share of social wealth, which they have."
Since any social structure is a collection of all functioning social communities, taken in their interaction, the following elements can be distinguished in it:
A) ethnic structure(clan, tribe, nationality, nation);
b) demographic structure (groups are distinguished by age and sex);
c) settlement structure (urban residents, rural residents, etc.);
d) class structure (bourgeoisie, proletariat, peasants, etc.);
e) professional and educational structure.
In the very general view V modern society Three stratification levels can be distinguished: the highest, the middle and the lowest. In economically developed countries, the second level is predominant, giving the society a certain stability.
All scientists agree that the basis of the stratification structure of society is the natural and social inequality of people. However, on the question of what exactly is the criterion for this inequality, their opinions differ. Studying the process of stratification in society, K. Marx called the fact that a person owns property and the level of his income as such a criterion. M. Weber added to them the social prestige and belonging of the subject to political parties, to power. Pitirim Sorokin considered the cause of stratification to be the uneven distribution of rights and privileges, responsibilities and duties in society. He also argued that the social space has many other criteria for differentiation: it can be carried out according to citizenship, occupation, nationality, religious affiliation, etc. Finally, supporters of the theory of structural functionalism suggested relying on those criteria as a criterion. social functions that perform certain social strata in society.
Historically, stratification, i.e., inequality in income, power, prestige, etc., arises with the birth of human society.
In the process of changing the social structure of modern Russian society, the following trends can be distinguished:
1) social polarization, i.e. stratification into rich and poor, deepening social and property differentiation;
2) mass downward social mobility;
3) mass relocation of workers mental labor(so-called "brain drain").
Distribution theory (Smith, Guizot)
Land owner - rent
Capital owner - profit
worker salary
social mobility
social mobility-transition of people from one community groups to others.
Social Mobility:
Horizontal(from one group to another but at the same level) - a history teacher became a teacher of literature, a transfer to another factory but to the same position, a change of citizenship.
vertical:
Rising- from a lower to a higher group (from rags to riches)
descending- from higher to lower (from president to prime ministers)
The reasons that allow a person to move from one social group to another are called social mobility.
education
system social structure: in an open society, unlike a closed society, there are no formal restrictions on mobility and there are almost no informal ones. In a closed society, mobility is limited both quantitatively and qualitatively.
changes taking place in the technology of social production: they lead to the emergence new professions requiring high qualifications and significant training.
warriors and revolutions, leading, as a rule, to a change in the elite of society.
different levels of fertility in different strata - lower in the upper and higher in the lower - creates a certain "vacuum" from above and contributes to the upward movement of people from the bottom.
Social elevators- institutions that facilitate the movement of a person from one social group to another.
According to Sorokin, the 3 main social lifts are church, army, school(education), own(often in the form of money).
Lumpens and outcasts
lumpen(from German - rags) - homeless people, vagrants, etc.
Outcasts- people who are between the stable strata of society and the lumpen (natives of villages, migrants from other countries, students who came to another city).
Family
Family - This is a community of people based on a single family-wide activity, bound by the bonds of matrimony and thereby carrying out the reproduction of the population and the continuity of family generations, as well as the socialization of children and the maintenance of existence, family members.
Depending on the nature of the marriage, the characteristics of parenthood and kinship, the following types of family structures are distinguished:
1) monogamous marriage and polygamy. A monogamous marriage is the marriage of one man to one woman. Polygamy is the marriage of one spouse to several women. Polygamy is of two types: polygyny - the marriage of one man with several women and polyandry - the marriage of one woman with several men;
2) patrilineal and matrilineal families. In patrilineal families, the inheritance of the surname, property and social status is carried out by the father, and in matrilineal families - by the mother;
3) patriarchal and matriarchal families. In patriarchal families, the father is the head; in matriarchal families, the mother enjoys the highest authority and influence;
4) homogeneous and heterogeneous families. In homogeneous families, spouses come from the same social stratum; in heterogeneous families, they come from different social groups, castes, classes;
5) small children (1-2 children), middle children (3-4 children) and large families(5 or more children).
Partner family (democratic) - type modern family based on mutual understanding of the spouses and the voluntary distribution of roles in accordance with the capabilities and abilities of each
The most common in modern urbanized cities are the so-called nuclear families, consisting of parents and their children, that is, from two generations.
Family Functions:
reproductive
educational
economic
recreational (removal of stressful situations)
support of each other's family members.
socialization of children.
Lumpen and outcasts - who are they? Such a question can be asked when hearing these words for the first time. If we talk about the meaning of these words, it will be similar, but not equal. That is the difference between these definitions, which must be understood. These words are connected by only one thing - they are used to refer to a person who, for one reason or another, is outside his social group and belongs to the lowest social stratum.
What do you think Oblomov from the novel by I. A. Goncharov is a lumpen and marginal?
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Origin and meaning of words
"Marginal" is a word that has Latin roots and a little later came to different languages peace. According to Wikipedia given word from Latin it is translated into Russian as "standing, located on the edge." Marginal people are usually called people who for some reason found themselves outside their social group or are at the junction between two specific societies. We can say that marginals are outcasts. For example, marginals can be called people who, for some reason, left the territory home country and who became apostates in the eyes of their former compatriots, but at the same time did not accept the traditions of the power to which they fled. A group of people is called marginal when this group did something that led to the collapse of some public or state foundations.
Lumpen - this word came into Russian speech from the German language. In translation, it means "rags". Lumpens are people who have sunk down to the very bottom of society and who do absolutely nothing. labor activity without benefiting themselves or society. A person who is financially unsecured cannot be called a lumpen: this person works, earns bread in the sweat of his brow. Lumpens - this word is applicable to criminal elements, people who wander. Also lumpen are often called alcoholics, drug addicts, individuals living solely at the expense of state subsidies.
Difference between terms
In order not to get confused in terms, let's take a closer look at the differences between lumpen and outcasts. Lumpens usually do not own any property, often these people just wander and have with them only those things that are really needed for life. Marginals, on the other hand, may well be people living in material prosperity, but for some reason rejected by society.
You should know that the word "lumpen" has another meaning: it can be called a person devoid of moral and moral values who despises the moral principles accepted in society and thoughtlessly obeys persons with a certain power. The more lumpen appear in society, the greater the danger to society they begin to pose. Therefore, in the theory of Marxism, the term "lumpen-proletariat" was introduced, which denoted the environment of criminals and moral degenerates. In the USSR, the word "lumpen" was abusive and offensive.
Marginality, marginalism, marginal - all these words have never had abusive meaning. They only denote the borderline state of a person in society, outcast and the inability to find his place in any social group. Marginal people are often called immigrants, political refugees, people who left their native lands and failed to find new motherland in another country. It is worth noting that in modern society the word "lumpen" is almost never used, even the homeless are increasingly called outcasts, although this is not entirely true.
