Interesting facts about the Espanyol Theater. Unexpected and little-known facts about the theater

Theater is an unusual phenomenon that in an instant takes you into a mysterious world. What is this, in fact, magic, fantasy, movement in time space? Theater is always a fascinating performance, both for the acting troupe, musical accompaniment, choreographers, and for the audience. Living hundreds of roles, feeling huge amount emotional experiences, everything is transmitted to the fans, transporting them to another dimension.

Even in the time of Pushkin, chairs were installed only in the first rows theater hall. These places were intended for rich and famous gentlemen. Next were standing places for commoners and workers. The cost of a ticket to this part of the hall was significantly lower. There were a lot of people who wanted to attend premieres and popular performances, so the most avid theater lovers came several hours before the performance in order to take the best standing places. Today, theater tickets can be easily purchased at https://www.kontramarka.de/, and for any date and anywhere in the world.

Female actors were treated differently in the Middle Ages than in modern times. Almost always, a woman could play the role of a servant or slave. Such roles were invented as irony and mockery. Even wardrobe items and theatrical costumes corresponded to the meaning.

Fashionable now multi-part series- is by no means an invention of the 20th century. Even in ancient times, there were performances in Sicily that lasted for months. Every day, after the end of the working day, the audience hurried to the theater to see the long-awaited performance. Roland’s feud with the Moors was very popular for 8 centuries.

In ancient Rome, spectators delighted in bloody battles with particular pleasure, not only watching gladiator fights, but also during theater performances. Scenes of the play where it was necessary to depict death, the real actor was replaced by a slave on death row, in order to deal with him in front of an enthusiastic audience.

An interesting fact about the theater is the belief that you should never drop a script before a performance. But if this did happen, it was necessary to immediately sit down on it, and it did not matter where it fell, in the mud or in the water. After sitting for a short time, the script must be picked up, and only after such procedures it was possible to stand up. The entire cast is sure that if all this is not done, then there will always be trouble (the actors will forget the text, or the performance will fail miserably).

Words such as souffle and prompter are completely different in meaning, but come from one French word“souffle” (exhale, blow). The soufflé - because it is as light as air, and the prompter - because all the prompts to the actors must be made quietly and unnoticeably from the viewer.

The phrase “Finita la comedy” has existed since the time ancient Rome. This expression ended all performances.

The most extraordinary symbolism of the theater is the clock on the façade of the Obraztsov Puppet Theater in Moscow. Every 60 minutes, the doors near the dial open and to the tune of “Whether in the garden or in the vegetable garden” you can see 12 animals.

IN American state Virginia is home to the only “barter” theater of its kind, where tickets are purchased not for money, but for all kinds of products.

There is a theater of cruelty. But it’s worth noting that you won’t see torture or violence there. There, all performances are based on certain gestures and inarticulate sounds.

The Roman playwright Andronicus played all the main roles in his own productions. Somehow, ripping off vocal cords, he entrusted the execution of everyone musical roles to the boy standing behind him, and he himself only pretended to sing. This was perhaps the first use of a soundtrack in front of an audience.

The theater is one of oldest species art. The theater is multifaceted, the theater has its own history and traditions. Once upon a time, the theater was the most spectacular event, it was for him that the scenes were written best works, decorators were preparing an original design. And now no special effects can compare with the actor’s talent. We can only cite a few interesting facts from theatrical history and traditions.

1. In the theater of ancient Ionia they took care of the audience with disabilities. A separate row was specially arranged for one-armed warriors, in front of which slaves with bald heads were seated during the performance. Thus, warriors could easily express their emotions by slapping their bald heads.

2. In Rome, hetaeras sometimes took part in pantomime. The girls performed in translucent robes, which were gradually shed as the performance progressed. By the way, an interesting fact: one of these dancers, Fedora, became the wife of Emperor Justinian.

3. Modern theater with pleasure turns to the plays of V. Shukshin, the play Shukshin’s Stories has been staged, and his films continue to be admired. Strange things often happened on the set; they took part in the scenes. local residents. So in the film “Kalina Krasnaya” the role of Yegor Kudelikha’s mother was played by Ofimia Bystrova, a peasant woman from Sadovaya. Her life surprisingly coincided with the written script and in the frame she simply talked about her children, while this conversation with Fedoseeva-Shukshina was filmed with a hidden camera.

4. Indonesia has a traditional puppet theater"Wayang". Women and men watching the performance different sides screen. Therefore, women see only the shadows of dolls, and men see bright colored dolls controlled by the puppeteer with the help of long canes. Moreover, the performance always runs only from sunset to dawn, when the spirits are not capable of harming the audience.

5. In Virginia (USA) there is still a theater where you can pay for admission with food.

6. Kabuki theater is famous throughout the world. According to tradition, everyone's role in this Japanese theater men play. But it turns out that in the 17th century it was founded by a servant of one of the sanctuaries - Okuni. Then only ladies took part in the performances. But at some point, the rulers thought the atmosphere at the performances was too immoral, and therefore only men were allowed to play. Some troupes now include women in their cast who play their roles.

7. In Ancient Rome, blood was shed not only in the gladiatorial arena. In some theatrical performances an actor who died during the play could be replaced with a criminal and complete realism achieved on stage.

8. At the Moscow Chamber Theater they talk about the ghost of the director. The theater was organized in 1914 by Tairov, who headed it until 1950. Now the ghost of the director appears before failed premieres.

9. Some of the most comfortable, and therefore most expensive, seats are in the boxes at stage level on the sides of the stalls. They call it a lodge baignoire, which means “bath” in French.

10. Famous playwright In ancient Rome, Livy Andronicus often took part in the production of his own tragedies. One day he lost his voice, but found an ingenious solution to the problem. Behind the actor, a boy came onto the stage to sing the part of Livy, and Andronicus only opened his mouth. This is how the first “plywood” appeared.

And it will help to continue studying history:

Interesting facts from the history of theater

• The curtain first appeared in Ancient Rome. But it did not swing open and did not rise up in the usual ways. The ancient Roman curtain was lowered through a gap in the floor before the performance.
• More complex designs curtains were invented around XVII century, during times of rapid development theatrical arts. Then one of the opportunities to convey the desired mood to the viewer was the theater curtain.
• Currently, there are several types of curtains: intermission-sliding, lift-and-fall, Italian, Austrian, Venetian, Roman, French, Brecht curtain, Wagner curtain, Kabuki curtain, Polichinelle curtain, walk-through curtain, folding curtain.
• In historical and opera houses, the main curtain is often decorated with an embroidered or painted emblem of the theater or the coat of arms of the city.
• Special canvases were even prepared for many performances. For example, for Lermontov’s play “Masquerade” the artist A. Golovin created as many as 10 theatrical curtains, changing as the plot progressed.
• Row modern theaters, for example, “Satyricon”, work without a curtain.

• In Japan in traditional theater salt is sprinkled on the stage before each performance to protect actors from evil spirits.
• It is believed that the best omen is to find a nail on the stage. This promises that the actor will soon be offered a role. Many artists even take the nails they find with them, believing that this way they will always be in demand. Luciano Pavarotti went to all his concerts with a large iron nail given to him by his mother.
• Worst sign– drop the text of the play during rehearsal. According to this sign, the artist will not succeed in the role, or he will forget the test, or the performance will fail. To avoid this, it was necessary to immediately sit down on it, and it did not matter where it fell, in the mud or in the water. After sitting for a short time, the script must be picked up, and only after such procedures it was possible to stand up.
• Every theater has its own beliefs. For example, at the Moscow Art Theater and the Vakhtangov Theater you cannot bite sunflower seeds behind the stage or whistle. All these are bad signs.
• The dressing room is a sacred place for actors. You need to enter here only with your left foot (and onto the stage with your right foot). It’s better not to hang anything on the door: pictures take away your luck. You should not spill the contents of the box with makeup and you should not look in the mirror over your colleague’s shoulder. The number of the artist’s personal room is also important - in many theaters there is no dressing room number 13, since this number is considered “unlucky”.
• There is a kind of rating of “unlucky” and “happy” plays. Songs from Macbeth should not be sung, so as not to inadvertently cause evil spirits. In addition, the works of Bulgakov and Gogol allegedly carry bad energy. But the one who plays in “Cinderella”, as a rule, will have further success in his career.
• In a puppet theater, dolls must be placed face down, towards the table. There is a belief that otherwise through the reflection theatrical light a poltergeist may take possession of their eyes.
• It is bad luck to use your own jewelry in the theater, as well as real banknotes on stage. They say it will lead to bankruptcy.
• Bad omen it is considered to see a red-haired spectator in the first row... And a bunch of other unlucky signs
• It is believed that an artist cannot be wished good luck, one must say: “No fluff or feather.”
  
  But not everything is so scary; the actors also have happy signs.

• IN English The term “piracy” in the meaning of “copyright infringement” has been known since 1603. Good plays at all times there were few, and they were hunted by competing theater troupes or publishers, so full text the author trusted the play himself to an honest man in the troupe - to the prompter. However, it was then that the pirated text of the play “Hamlet” was published.
• The word "fiasco" means "bottle" in Italian. After the act of the unlucky comedian Bianconelli, who at one time decided to amaze the audience with a cheerful pantomime with a huge bottle on his head, the word became synonymous with the concept of “acting failure.” Subsequently, the phrase acquired a common meaning, denoting “collapse”, “defeat” not only within acting, but in principle.
• Since the times of Ancient Rome, the accessory of clowns was a rattle made from a bull's bladder, into which peas were poured. In the medieval theater, jesters beat other actors and even spectators with such a rattle. When the tradition reached Rus', our buffoons began to additionally decorate themselves with pea straw, hence the expression “pea buffoon” became entrenched in the language.
• "Finita la comedy" - famous phraseological unit, literally translated from Italian as “the comedy is over.” This is one of the most famous phrases all over the world. It is believed that it has existed since the times of ancient Rome. This expression ended all performances. According to another version, her appearance is associated with Leoncavallo’s opera “Pagliacci”.

• The emergence of the expression “Marlezon Ballet” is also associated with the theater. The Marlezon (Merlezon) ballet of 16 acts was staged in March 1635. The plot of the ballet “about hunting blackbirds” was based on the favorite pastime of the monarch. The ballet was composed by Louis XIII himself, and he even personally performed two parts in the ballet performance. This action is also mentioned in Dumas’ novel “The Three Musketeers. The topic received new development in our time, after the release of a three-part series musical picture"D'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers" directed by Yungvald-Khilkevich, which contains a comedic episode that is not in the source novel. The initial half of the ballet is solemn, slow and sedate. But immediately after the master of ceremonies of the ball solemnly says: “The second part of the Marlezon ballet!”, he is knocked off his feet main character film, running to the queen to bring the pendants on time.Since then, the phrase “Marlezon Ballet” began to be used to characterize a boring, tedious event, and the expression “Second Part of the Marlezon Ballet” began to mean an unforeseen turn in a calm, familiar process; it is often pronounced with sarcasm, describing the unexpected chaos and turmoil.
• The now outdated expression “get up on buskins” also applies to the theater. Special shoes on a high platform - buskins - were used by actors when performing tragic roles; they visually increased the actor's height and made his gait more stately, as befitted the characters of tragedies. By wearing these shoes, a person physically rose above others. And if a person became arrogant, behaved arrogantly, then they said about him that he “got on buskins,” that is, he began to consider himself smarter in some ways, more significant than others, and stopped taking into account the opinions of others. They told him: “Don’t stand on buskins.”

More about the theater

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Presentation plan: A little history. The most famous theaters peace. The most unusual theaters. Folk theaters“The theater is a department from which you can bring a lot of good to people” N.V. Gogol

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1. It is impossible to know exactly the date of creation of the first theater in the world, because it was back in the 5th century BC in Ancient Greece when the Theater of Dionysus appeared. Twice a year, solemn performances of actors took place on stage, during which the most talented authors of those times competed for the right to be called the best in different genres. A little history:

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3. In ancient Sicily there were performances that lasted for months. Every day, after work, people headed to the theater to watch the long-awaited production. 2. The symbol of theatrical art has become the muse of tragedy - Melpomene, which translated from ancient Greek means “a melody that delights listeners.” And the theater is sometimes called “the temple of Melpomene”

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4. The first royal theater in Russia appeared in 1672. It was the court theater of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (it was called the Amusement Chamber). It was then that the first entrepreneur appeared in Russia - the German Johann Gregory. The performance lasted 10 hours, and all this time the boyars watched it standing... Information has also been preserved about Gregory’s first fee - “40 sobolev for 100 rubles and a couple for 8 rubles. And the actors appeared before the eyes of the king.” The theater closed after the death of the Tsar. 5. Then serf theaters appeared - private theaters of the nobles, in which serf actors played. One of the most famous was the theater of Count Sheremetyev. The outstanding Russian serf actress Praskovya Zhemchugova shone here.

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6.The first domestic theater is an academic one drama theater named after F.G. Volkov, founded in Yaroslavl. The year of its creation is 1750. 7. The heyday of the Russian theater began in the second half of the 19th century, when troupes appeared in all Russian cities. Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko became the founders of psychological theater. Directing has appeared in theaters! 8. Now in Moscow alone there are 250 theaters of different genres, 7.8 million spectators visit them annually!

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9. In 1994 by the Union theatrical figures of the Russian Federation, the National theater award and festival Golden Mask» . Badge invented by the artist Oleg Sheintsis and made of gold. “Golden Mask” is a professional award, awarded by colleagues to their colleagues as a sign of respect and recognition for them outstanding achievements. 10. In 1961, “World Theater Day” was established - March 27 - a professional holiday for theater workers: actors, theater directors, producers, lighting engineers, sound engineers, set installers and even ticket takers and cloakroom attendants, because there are no minor roles and professions.

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Do you know what kind of theaters there are? The types of theaters are directly related to the genres that are represented in them:

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The most famous theaters in the world

Mariinsky Theater(founded 1783 in St. Petersburg). Sydney Opera House(founded 1973 in Sydney). Viennese state opera(founded 1869 in Vienna)

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La Scala (founded 1778 in Milan) Bolshoi Theater(founded in 1176 in Moscow) Royal opera house Covent Garden (founded 1732 in London) Metropolitan Opera (founded 1880 in New York)

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Kuklachev's Cat Theater The most unusual theaters In 2005, the theater was given the name State Theater cats. He is the only one like this in Moscow and in the world. There are three Kuklachev dynasties working in the theater - Yuri Dmitrievich Kuklachev and his sons Cats - proud and independent creatures, they cannot be forced to perform a trick. Staging a play with cats is not an easy task.

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Shadow Theater The shadow theater has a huge screen installed on the stage. By projecting the shadows of puppets and puppets controlled by puppeteers, the performance is shown. The theater specializes in children's productions. Animal Theater named after Durov - this is the name of one of the most unusual theaters Moscow, which is known far beyond Russia. It was discovered by L.V. Durov back in 1912.

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Underwater theater "Transparent World" The world's first underwater theater "Transparent World" has existed for 10 years in Moscow (Olympic Sports Complex). Unusual genre- this is extreme swimming and traditional ballet. The performers float in the water... The effect of flight is created thanks to the performers' plasticity, choreography and lighting.

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Theater on stilts Unique creative team, which was invented by the German choreographer Rainer Kittel, and brought to life by choreographer Viktor Arikhin (Evpatoria). Spectators of all ages are sure: this is a spectacle that organically combines artistry and courage, dexterity and a sense of humor.

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Fire Theater - wolfram Exists in Evpatoria since 2006. The team members are mainly from 17 to 25 years old, different professions and ages. The participants are united by a love of creativity, art and theater.

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Theater "Mr. Pejot's Wandering Dolls"

The street theater of the mysterious Mr. Pejot from St. Petersburg has been entertaining the venerable public with its mask performances for more than twenty years. The Pejot Theater is a carnival theater, and the main characters here, of course, are masks - funny, terrible, entertaining. The theater actors try to imitate medieval comedians.

Photo: Vitalina Rybakova, PantherMedia / Vitalina Rybakova

March 27 is World Theater Day. We have collected interesting facts about the theater. Did you know about this?

In Pushkin's time, not the entire stalls of the theater were occupied by armchairs. They were only in the first few rows for especially noble and wealthy gentlemen. Behind these rows there was a standing area of ​​the stalls, tickets for which were much cheaper. This is where they usually found creative people, students, clerks - they were the most active part audience, setting the tone for applause and shouts of “Bravo!” For particularly popular performances, the stalls were crowded with a lot of theatergoers, the most avid of whom came 2-3 hours before the start and took the best standing places, writes the Fact Site.

In the USA, in the state of Virginia, there is a unique “Barter Theater”. The viewer can pay for entry here with food.

Croatia is home to the oldest public theater in Europe.

Female theatrical characters of the Middle Ages were very different from modern ones. Often women appeared on the theater stage only in the roles of maids. Their characters were created for ridicule, so every detail of their toilet had its own characteristic features.

In one of the theaters of Ionia there was a special row for one-armed warriors. A row of bald slaves was seated in front of them, and by hitting their bald heads, the first could applaud.

World Theater Day was established in 1961 on the initiative of delegates of the IX Congress of the International Theater Institute of UNESCO.

For a long time, in ancient Roman comedy it was forbidden to show Roman citizens in a funny way. That is why Roman comedy depicted Greeks and Greek life. And so it turned out that the Greeks and Romans showed touching unanimity: the Greeks laughed at themselves, the Romans also laughed at the Greeks.

In the last years of her life, Tatyana Peltzer was already forgetting the words when she played in Lenkom performances. She once played Clara Zetkin in the play “Blue Horses on Red Grass,” where Oleg Yankovsky played Lenin. She went on stage and suddenly said: “Oh my God! My fathers! Well, I don’t remember anything.” Oleg Yankovsky was not taken aback and asked: “Klara, you probably want to say that the proletariat should unite?” Peltzer replied: “Yes, father, I want to!” And Yankovsky conducted the rest of the dialogue himself.

In Sicily to this day there is a puppet theater, the performance of which lasts... a month! In ancient times there were also performances that lasted for a year! True, during the day the spectators were busy - as now - with their business as usual, and in the evenings they watched the continuation of the same play. Recent years Eight hundred years ago the same theme is being developed - the fight of the knight Roland with the Moors.

In 16th century Italy, virtually all maids in theatrical productions their names were Columbina, Smeraldina or Franceschina. These were deliberately distorted female names, which were very popular in the country at that time. The women's costumes were either those of peasant women or the clothes of maids.

The Japanese kabuki theater, where all roles, even female ones, are played by men, was founded by a woman. Her name was Okuni and she was a shrine attendant in the 17th century. She and other women then also performed all roles, including male ones. However, soon the country’s leadership did not like the immoral atmosphere that often reigned at such performances, and women in the kabuki theater were replaced by young men, and later by mature men. Nowadays, traditions are no longer so strong, and in some troupes female roles women began to perform again.

The ancient Greek playwright Phrynichus once presented his play “The Taking of Miletus” - about the ruin Greek city Persians. She upset the audience so much that the whole theater burst into tears; As punishment, the authorities sentenced the poet to a fine of one thousand drachmas and banned the production of his play.