Peru of which Russian writer owns a small trilogy. Little trilogy

"Little Trilogy" presented three stories A. Chekhov - " The Man in the Case”, “Gooseberry”, “About Love”, in the center of which is the world boring people. The stories are connected by the unity of the idea and are devoted to the study of the social atmosphere of Russian reality.

In the center of the story "The Man in the Case" is the teacher of the gymnasium Belikov as the bearer of the ideology of fear, alertness, expectation of something difficult and unpleasant. This phenomenon grows in the story to incredible parameters - the phenomenon of "Belikovism" appears, i.e. the desire to hide in everything and everywhere in your cozy and lonely case. Chekhov manifests himself as a master of detail: remember - all the things of the hero are "sealed" in their cases - small and large. In addition, Belikov idealizes the past and teaches ancient (i.e. dead) languages, which constantly "drags" him back. Belikov is strange, but he is far from being an eccentric; on the contrary, he oppresses everyone with his presence, “presses”, makes everyone agree on everything, it is no coincidence that the author mentions that Belikov kept the entire gymnasium in fear for 15 years - “ What about a gymnasium? The whole city!". The image of Belikov is intended to show how the train of thought acquires hypertrophied features and turns into a lifestyle, and then into a threatening phenomenon with public outcry.

The story "Gooseberry" tells about the most terrible sacrifices that a person's own fanatical dream can require. It seems that there is nothing shameful in the dream of having your own estate with gooseberries, but marrying an unloved, but rich widow for the sake of this is already too much. As a result, the hero turns into a flabby fat man with a fat cook and a fat dog, whose entertainment in the evenings is eating small and sour, but his own gooseberries. Chekhov concludes that such an existence is also a kind of case. The hero of the Gooseberry, like the heroes of The Man in the Case, is faced with slave ideology, which, combined with the obsessive desire and the easy way obtaining funds leads to sad results. Ownership, Chekhov argues, does not guarantee moral independence, but, on the contrary, most often leads to degradation.

Another version of the "case" existence is presented in the story "About Love". At the center of the story are two people loving friend friend, but unable to understand the intricacies own lives. The reason for this is the fear of life and new feelings, the indecision to trust them. Alekhine, refusing his own happiness, tries to justify himself with his "case": " Where could I take her? Another thing, if I had a beautiful, interesting life… ". The hero does not try to change anything, he prefers to obediently go with the flow. Alekhine is a clear evidence that all the threads of Belikovism that devour on their way entangled the most intimate sphere - the sphere of love, which means they got to the very essence of a person and took root in him forever. Only after being separated from his beloved woman, the hero understands the pettiness and deceitfulness of what is happening, realizes the emptiness and meaninglessness of his life. On the example of his hero, A. Chekhov leads the reader to the conclusion that the inertia of existence enslaves human souls.

But there are examples in the trilogy independent heroes having critical eye to common stereotypes. Such is Ivan Ivanovich, who owns the immortal words: It is necessary that behind the door of each satisfied, happy person someone was standing with a hammer and would constantly remind by knocking that there are unfortunate ...».

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Test
Little trilogy by A.P. Chekhov
I.
Sort the heroes according to their works
1. Belikov
2. Chimsha Himalayan
3. Alekhin
A) gooseberry
B) "About love"
C) "Man in a case"
II.
1. "Gooseberry"
Specify which institutions public life explored in stories
2. "About love"
3. "Man in a case"
A) category of power
B) property category
B) family category
III.
Indicate whose portraits are given here
1. “He was remarkable in that he always, even in very good weather, went out to
galoshes and with an umbrella and certainly in a warm coat on wadding "
2. “this man with kind, intelligent eyes, who told them with such
frankly, really spun around here, in this huge estate, like a squirrel
in the wheel, and not doing science or anything else that would make his life
more enjoyable"
3. "Brother ... sitting in his office, dreaming about how he would eat his
own cabbage soup, from which there is such a delicious smell throughout the yard, is on
green grass, sleep in the sun, sit for hours outside the gate on a bench
and look at the field and the forest. »
A) Chimsha Himalayan
B) Belikov
B) Alekhin
Indicate whose team we are talking about: “... they began to be afraid of everything. Afraid
speak loudly, send letters, make acquaintances, read books, be afraid
help the poor, teach literacy…”
1. Alekhine's group of acquaintances
2. team of colleagues Chimshi Himalayan
3. Belikov team
Indicate at the end of which story an angry tirade sounds: “To see and
to hear how they lie and they call you a fool for putting up with this
lie; endure insults, humiliations, do not dare to openly declare that you are on
side of the honest free people…»
1. "Man in a case"
2. "About love"
3. "Gooseberry"
IV.
v.

VI.
Indicate which story begins with descriptions of the expanses of Russia
1. "Man in a case"
2. "About love"
3. "Gooseberry"
VII.
Indicate from the lips of which hero we hear Ivan Ivanovich's story about his brother
1. "Gooseberry"
2. "About love"
3. "Man in a case"
VIII.
Indicate which hero is a former humble soldier, the son of a soldier now
"fat, flabby", became like a pig
1. Alekhin
2. Chimsha Himalayan
3. Belikov
IX.
x.
XI.
XII.
Indicate which story ends firm conviction: "Not
calm down, don't let yourself and your listeners get lulled! While young
strong, cheerful, do not get tired of doing good!.. Do good! »
1. "About love"
2. "Man in a case"
3. "Gooseberry"
Indicate which of the stories about how living, sincere feeling ruined
most loving hearts committed to a "case" existence
1. "Man in a case"
2. "About love"
3. "Gooseberry"
Indicate which of the heroes cannot break with everyday life landowner and
asks himself the question: “Where could I take her?”
1. Alekhin
2. Belikov
3. Chimsha Himalayan
Indicate to which of the heroes it seemed incredible that "quiet, sad love
suddenly interrupt the happy course of the life of her husband, children, the whole house ...
Is it fair?
1. Chimsha Himalayan
2. Belikov
3. Alekhin
XIII.
Indicate which character understood that when you love, you do not need to talk about
happiness or misfortune, but proceed from the highest, that is, from this very love
1. Alekhin
2. Belikov
3. Chimsha Himalayan
XIV.
Indicate in which story all the thoughts of a person are focused on
property, the whole life is spent on the acquisition of a manor with a garden
1. "Man in a case"
2. "About love"
3. "Gooseberry"

XV.
Indicate the heroine of which story is Anna Alekseevna
1. "Man in a case"
2. "About love"
3. "Gooseberry"
XVI.
XVII.
Indicate in which of the stories A. Chekhov writes: “It is necessary that outside the door
every contented, happy person, someone stood with a gavel and
would constantly remind by knocking that there are unfortunate people, that no matter how
happy, sooner or later life will show him its claws, trouble will strike -
illness, poverty, loss, and no one will see or hear him, as now he
sees and does not hear others.
1. "Love"
2. "Gooseberry"
3. "Man in a case"
Indicate which of the characters "Bedroom ... was small, like a box, a bed
was with a canopy. Going to bed, he covered himself with his head; it was hot, stuffy,
the wind pounded on the closed doors, the stove buzzed; sighs were heard from the kitchen, sighs
sinister..."
1. Belikov
2. Chimsha Himalayan
3. Alekhin
XVIII.
Indicate which of the heroes at the cost of losing youth, health and human
appearance achieved the goal
1. Alekhin
2. Belikov
3. Chimsha Himalayan
XIX.
Indicate which hero only in the coffin "reached his ideal"
1. Chimsha Himalayan
2. Alekhin
3. Belikov
XX.
Indicate which two characters are the narrators in this little trilogy
1. history teacher Kovalenko and veterinarian Ivan Ivanovich
2. veterinarian Ivan Ivanovich and teacher of the gymnasium Burkin
3. Gymnasium teacher Burkin and landowner Luganovich

In 1898, the Russian playwright Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, whose "Little Trilogy" opened new theme reflecting the life of a certain part Russian society determined to continue his research. The topic promised to be quite extensive and the writer gave it the name "case". Isolation, isolation, "one's own world", in which there is no place for other people, these are characteristics"man in a case"

Chekhov's "Little Trilogy", the history of creation

According to researchers of the great writer's work, the idea of the trilogy was suggested to him by Leo Tolstoy. Anton Chekhov, whose "Little Trilogy" became the "first sign", intended to create a whole series of works about the features " case life"people, but he managed to write only three stories, after which the writer was disappointed in his creative aspirations. He spoke about the state of his soul in this way:" lean food without taste or smell...

Chekhov's "Little Trilogy", composition features

All three stories are united by a common compositional scheme that reveals the essence of each plot. Chekhov's "Little Trilogy", which included three stories: "The Man in the Case", "Gooseberry" and "About Love", was published in 1898. The trilogy has taken its place in the series immortal works great Russian writer.

"Little Trilogy" summary

Trilogy like any literary work, follows a certain pattern. Chekhov's "little trilogy" is built on the principle of "narrator and listeners", Chekhov united three bosom friends who, for long years friendships are used to sharing stories from their lives with each other. a rural gymnasium, a certain Burkin, a veterinarian Ivan Ivanovich Chimsha-Gimalaysky and Alekhin, an educated middle-aged man who lives on his father's estate, which he inherited.

"The Man in the Case"

"On the edge of the village of Mironositsky, in the hay shed of the headman Prokofy, late hunters settled down for the night ..." This is how Anton Chekhov's story "The Man in the Case" begins. These hunters were Burkin and Ivan Chimsha-Gimalayan. Sitting comfortably in the hay, the friends started talking. I didn’t feel like sleeping, and Burkin began to tell the story of his colleague, teacher Greek Belikov.

Strange Belikov

Strange Belikov always walked around in a wool-insulated coat, in galoshes and with an umbrella. He walked like this at any time of the year, and in the summer too. The teacher carefully packed his personal belongings in special cases and cases. He put his watch, penknife, and snuffbox into boxes that he always carried with him. Such unusual actions of an educated and not yet old man were explained by his desire to protect himself from the influence of external environment, he reasoned like this: "... what if something like that happens ...".

Belikov systematically created his defense, and the whole city made fun of the unlucky teacher, considering his quirks a sign of slight insanity. But since he was a good teacher, the performance of the gymnasium students in his subject did not cause any complaints, so they did not touch him. Belikov lived alone, he was afraid to marry, otherwise, after all, his wife would have to be placed in a case.

But then he came to the gymnasium new teacher- teacher of geography and history Mikhail Kovalenko. He had recently arrived in the city with his sister, Varenka, a charming person of less than thirty years of age, a smiling fidget. The whole gymnasium was subdued by Varenka's cheerful disposition, and Belikov did not escape this fate. He even sometimes began to walk with a young woman, and walking, he proved to her with a gloomy look that "marriage is an extremely serious thing." Varenka did not listen to him very attentively, and soon she was completely tired of moralizing.

Once Belikov met Misha Kovalenko and Varenka when they were riding bicycles. Looking out of his case, he saw two happy free people, and the whole world turned upside down for him. Shocked, Belikov came to Kovalenko's house the next day, wanting to prove how unreasonable it is to ride a bicycle, it is indecent and dangerous, ugly and humiliating. Varenka was not at home, and Mikhail took and let his colleague down the stairs.

And then Varenka came up. She laughed merrily when she saw Belikov somersaulting up the stairs. And he was so shocked by what had happened that he barely got home and fell ill. Was ill for a month, and died from mental disorder. At the funeral, everyone wished him "the kingdom of heaven", and thought to themselves: "Well, finally, the person received a real case, which will now protect him from any troubles."

Gooseberry

Chekhov's "Little Trilogy" contains another story about "case" life common man. Once Burkin and Ivan Ivanovich Chimsha-Gimalaysky, walking along the field, decided to visit their friend, Pavel Konstantinovich Alekhin. He cordially met old acquaintances, invited him to the garden. Friends were sitting among the overgrown gooseberry bushes, and Chimsha-Gimalaysky told the story of his brother Nikolai Ivanovich.

From the age of nineteen, the hero of the story worked in the state chamber for a small salary and hardly, like any materially constrained person, he had a dream. Nikolai Ivanovich wanted to have his own estate, good house, and most importantly, that gooseberries grow in the garden. Not that he liked jam from ripe berries, but he just dreamed about it. Years passed, and all the time the gooseberry bushes stood before the eyes of the official. In order to ever buy an estate, Nikolai Ivanovich saved every penny, often he had nothing to eat, he put all the money in a box and hid it in a hiding place.

When the time came to start a family, Nikolai Ivanovich wooed a widow, rich and very ugly, with bad temper. In addition, she was older than him by almost twenty years. They didn’t play the wedding - for reasons of economy, and Nikolai Ivanovich put all his wife’s money in the bank. They lived from hand to mouth, walked in whatever they wanted, did not give birth to children. From such a life, the woman soon died.

A dream come true

Nikolai Ivanovich acquired a small estate with stunted trees in the garden and lived for his own pleasure. First of all, he bought twenty gooseberry bushes and planted them all around. Then he started a lawsuit with a nearby plant, which, in his opinion, poisoned the air, and the gooseberries did not grow from this. Litigation were endless and ruinous for Nikolai Ivanovich. And yet he felt happy when he went out into the garden in the morning and looked at the gooseberry bushes.

Two months later, Nikolai Ivanovich fell ill, he was diagnosed with stomach cancer. Poor nutrition for many years, nervous breakdowns, insomnia - all this has not been in vain. When he could no longer get out of bed, and death was about to come, the servant brought into the room a full plate of ripe gooseberries. Nikolai Ivanovich did not even look at him.

About love

And, finally, Chekhov's "Little Trilogy" ends with a story about love. It has been raining since morning. Pavel Konstantinovich Alekhine called his friends Ivan Chimsh-Gimalaisky and Burkin, who had been visiting him since yesterday, to breakfast. Over coffee with liquor, a conversation began about this and that, and Alekhine told his friends a love story that happened to him in his youth.

Once Pavel Konstantinovich was elected a district judge as educated person, knowing languages and well versed in jurisprudence. In court, he met the deputy chairman, Dmitry Luganovich, and good friendly relations arose between them. Somehow, after a confused trial that lasted two days in a row, when everyone was pretty tired, Luganovich invited Alekhine to dinner at his house.

So Pavel Konstantinovich met Anna Alekseevna, Luganovich's wife, a young woman of twenty-two, intelligent, beautiful. He immediately felt in Anna your soul mate. At dinner they talked about various trifles, had fun, all three understood each other perfectly, as if they had known each other for many years. Alekhin noticed that there was complete mutual understanding between the spouses, and he was surprised at this, since Anna Alekseevna, with her refinement and deep internal culture was head and shoulders above the simple and superficial Dmitry Luganovich.

On the same day, Pavel Konstantinovich realized that Anna occupied all his thoughts, tried to remember her every word, every look. Then he did not yet guess that the young woman was also in a slight confusion after Alekhine bowed and went to his home. Invisible threads stretched between them, connecting their souls.

Since then, Alekhine began to visit the Luganovichs' house often, became friends with them and tried in every possible way to be useful. Dmitry and Anna also did not remain in debt, they offered financial help when Pavel Konstantinovich experienced difficulties in paying off debts left over from his father. But something else was important to him, he wanted to see Anna's shining eyes every minute, to hear her voice, to be with her.

Both were already in love with each other, but everyone understood that it was impossible to give free rein to feelings, this would make everyone around unhappy and ultimately destroy the Luganovich family and the life of Alekhine himself. I had to restrain myself, neither Pavel Konstantinovich nor Anna allowed love to break free, they kept it in a strong case.

And only once, when Anna Alekseevna was leaving for the Crimea for treatment, Alekhin, being alone in the train compartment with her, was able to hug his beloved woman and kiss her. She answered him, shedding tears, the lovers spent several happy minutes together and then parted forever.

"Little Trilogy", analysis

The work of Anton Pavlovich, in accordance with his time, at the end of the 19th century, there were plenty of problems in the life of Russian society. Chekhov's "Little Trilogies" could be created on any topic; most of the writer's stories can be grouped according to thematic features. And if the writer had not been disappointed in the essence of his research and continued to create, then we would have received many more works on the "case" theme. And Chekhov's "small trilogies" could well become "big trilogies".

"Little Trilogy". The famous “little trilogy” was also written in Melikhovo, consisting of the stories “The Man in the Case”, “Gooseberry”, “About Love”. They are called a trilogy because the same characters act in all three works - the teacher of the gymnasium Burkin, the veterinarian Ivan Ivanovich Chimsha-Gimalaysky and the landowner Alekhin, each of whom tells his own story. Stories, in turn, are united by one common theme- the theme of "case". It is most convenient to reveal the meaning of this concept on the example of the first story, where it, in fact, comes from.

"The Man in the Case". The man in the case - this is how the teacher of the Greek language Belikov is called behind his back, whose story is told by his colleague Burkin. Describing appearance and Belikov's way of life, Chekhov makes extensive use of expressive details, which, however, all point to the same trait in his character - the desire to hide, escape from life, withdraw into himself, like a hermit crab. He always wore goloshes and carried an umbrella, wore dark glasses, stuffed his ears with cotton wool, and when he was driving a cab, he ordered to raise the top, etc. If this is a concern for health, then it is immediately clear that there is something painful, psychological reasons. The story directly states that one of these reasons is an innate fear of life. Indeed, Belikov is afraid of everything, especially everything new. But the fear that he constantly carries in himself (which, by the way, makes him look like the hero of “The Death of an Official” who is always trembling before his superiors) not only disfigures his personality, but paradoxically makes others suffer because of him. Since Belikov also "hid his thought in a case", he believed only those orders from above and only those newspaper articles "in which something was forbidden." Thus, according to Burkin, the humble Greek teacher "kept the whole gymnasium in fear." On the one hand, Belikov is timid and weak person On the other hand, it is precisely this weakness that makes him secretly aggressive and despotic. Belikov is a pathetic and sinister figure at the same time. His fear of losing his “case”, what he uses to protect himself from the world, is so great that when life gave him the opportunity to open up by marrying a cheerful Ukrainian woman Varenka Kovalenko, he instead went even deeper into the “case” and in the end, unable to bear direct contact with living life, he died (again an interesting parallel with the official Chervyakov).

In this story, as in the entire "trilogy", for Chekhov it is fundamentally important to contrast the closed, or "case", and open human character, or closed and open person. Belikov is a classic example of a closed character in its aggressive and pathological version. Chekhov draws other forms of closeness from life in two other stories of the cycle.

IN "Gooseberry" closeness appears as a manic obsession with an idea or a dream, and not a lofty dream (as was the case, for example, with Kovrin in the story "The Black Monk"), but a wretched, short, philistine dream. The dream of Nikolay Ivanych Chimshi-Himalaysky (whom his brother, veterinarian Ivan Ivanych tells about) to acquire an estate with ducks and gooseberries, which has become the goal of his life, ultimately turns into some kind of parody of a dream. Nikolai Ivanovich, with the same reverence and awe with which they usually treat really high things, strives for purely material things, and this infinitely narrows his spiritual horizon. To his brother, who came to visit him, he absolutely pleased with that The “material wealth” that surrounds him in the estate, completely planted with gooseberry bushes, resembles a pig that “grunts into a blanket just at the same time.” Completely absorbed in his small, insignificant idea, he no longer sees anything around and even loses his sense of reality: thus, bitter and sour gooseberries picked from his own bushes seem deliciously sweet to him, and even at night he gets out of bed several times to feast on his favorite berries.

in the story "About love", in which the landowner Alekhine tells his love story, his own indecision is represented, his inability to act internally freely, openly, without a cautious, timid look back at how it will look from the point of view of the usual, ordinary norms of behavior. Alekhin is an intelligent person, and the situation in which he found himself, having fallen in love with a married woman, is a situation that does not have simple solutions. But Chekhov, at the end of the story, makes it clear that these solutions could be found if the hero, despite everything, could give up his fears and fears, if he trusted his inner feeling, opened up to him.

"Ionych". The story “Ionych” adjoins the “little trilogy” - another story about a man who voluntarily submitted to the “case”.

In the life of the zemstvo doctor Dmitry Ionych Startsev, who served in the provincial wilderness, there were few joys: tired in the service, he really rested only in the Turkin family, which in the city of S., where the main action of the story takes place, was considered the most cultured and most intelligent. At first, Startseva is happy with everything in this family: both the father, who constantly amuses the guests with witty tricks and catchphrases, and the mother, who writes long novels and reads them to guests and friends at home with undisguised pleasure, and daughter Katya, who dreams of musical career and every day for several hours playing the piano. Katya awakens in Startsev’s soul an exalted feeling of first love, which captivates him so much that he even decides on some kind of “romantic adventure” - he goes to the cemetery at night, where Katya, just wanting to play a trick on him, made an appointment with him. However, over time, when his practice increases and he gets used to taking more and more money from patients, the passion for wealth, material security absorbs him to such an extent (he already has an estate and two houses in the city, and he wants to acquire a third one as well; if earlier he went on calls “on a pair”, now - “on a troika with bells”) that the flame of pure striving for something sublime and ideal, which once burned in him, finally goes out. Even outwardly, Startsev turns into a kind of “case”, inside which a living woman died. human soul: it becomes thick, rough, similar, according to a straight line author's description, to a self-righteous "pagan god".

A peculiar form of “case” closeness from real, living life with its real problems and complexities is the cultural pattern by which the Turkin family lives, which is considered so intelligent in the city, and which in fact has nothing to do with either genuine culture or genuine intelligence: from year to year, mother, Vera Iosifovna, reads her long, boring novels to guests, which tells “about what never happens in life” ; father, Ivan Petrovich, with or without reason, utters all the same ridiculous words and expressions, which, since they are repeated all the time, are so fed up with the listeners that they can no longer be perceived as real vulgarity.

However, author's attitude to the characters, as is often the case with Chekhov, is far from unambiguous. The author's hostility to both the Turkins and Startsev is quite obvious, and yet there is no direct condemnation of either of them in the story. All the heroes of the story have something that, albeit a little, but goes beyond the bounds of the “case” that bound them. So, to none other than Ionych, who, it would seem, has already betrayed everything spiritual in himself, the author instructs to say about the Turkin family a phrase that is extremely important for the entire ideological concept of the story: “... if the most talented people in the whole city are so mediocre, then what a city should be. In addition, Turkina's father and mother and their daughter Katya, for all their vulgar provincial pseudo-intelligence, receive a note of the author's sympathy in the finale of the work - in the scene when Ivan Petrovich sees off his wife and daughter at the station, leaving for rest in the Crimea. Mentioning that Katya is going to the Crimea because she is “visibly aged” and “gets sick”, and Ivan Petrovich’s eyes fill with tears when the train starts, Chekhov unexpectedly discovers in his heroes ordinary people, defenseless, like all people, in the face of the threat of disease, inevitable old age and, most likely, that is why they are so touchingly attached to each other and so painfully experiencing even a short separation.

"Little Trilogy" presented three stories A. Chekhov - " The Man in the Case”, “Gooseberry”, “About Love”, in the center of which is the world of boring people. The stories are connected by the unity of the idea and are devoted to the study of the social atmosphere of Russian reality.

The story "Gooseberry" tells about the most terrible sacrifices that a person's own fanatical dream can require. It seems that there is nothing shameful in the dream of having your own estate with gooseberries, but marrying an unloved, but rich widow for the sake of this is already too much. As a result, the hero turns into a flabby fat man with a fat cook and a fat dog, whose entertainment in the evenings is eating small and sour, but his own gooseberries. Chekhov concludes that such an existence is also a kind of case. The hero of the Gooseberry, like the heroes of The Man in the Case, is faced with slave ideology, which, combined with the obsessive desire and an easy way to obtain funds leads to sad results. Ownership, Chekhov argues, does not guarantee moral independence, but, on the contrary, most often leads to degradation.

Another version of the "case" existence is presented in the story "About Love". In the center of the story are two people who love each other, but are unable to understand the intricacies of their own lives. The reason for this is the fear of life and new feelings, the indecision to trust them. Alekhine, refusing his own happiness, tries to justify himself with his "case": " Where could I take her? Another thing, if I had a beautiful, interesting life ...". The hero does not try to change anything, he prefers to obediently go with the flow. Alekhine is a clear evidence that all the threads of Belikovism that devour on their way entangled the most intimate sphere - the sphere of love, which means they got to the very essence of a person and took root in him forever. Only after being separated from his beloved woman, the hero understands the pettiness and deceitfulness of what is happening, realizes the emptiness and meaninglessness of his life. On the example of his hero, A. Chekhov leads the reader to the conclusion that the inertia of existence enslaves human souls.

But there are also examples of independent heroes in the trilogy who have a critical look at generally accepted stereotypes. Such is Ivan Ivanovich, who owns the immortal words: It is necessary that behind the door of every contented, happy person someone stands with a hammer and constantly reminds by knocking that there are unfortunate people ...».

Successful study of literature!

site, with full or partial copying of the material, a link to the source is required.