Pepper house what is there now. Profitable house A

It all started, however, from another house. "House-casket" built on Prechistenskaya embankment collector of paintings Tsvetkov. Competing with fame, he even fired his architect, hiring him when he found out that the Tretyakovs were building a mansion according to Vasnetsov's sketches. The “casket house” was inferior in size Tretyakov Gallery, but had a wonderful view of the Moscow River, the Kremlin and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
This view fascinated the railway engineer Pyotr Nikolaevich Pertsov. Tsvetkov proposed to indicate more the best place provided that Pertsov builds a house in the Russian style. He agreed and, with the assistance of Tsvetkov, acquired a plot nearby. Pertsov announced closed competition for the drafting of a "profitable house in the Russian style". The jury - the most famous: Vasnetsov, Surikov, Polenov, Shekhtel. But in the end, Pertsov himself settled on the project of Malyutin (the author of the painting of the first Russian nesting doll), which took 2nd place.
The house was built within 11 months - a very short time, given the carved stairs, tiled majolica stoves, stained glass windows, bedrooms with niches and smoking rooms in oriental style, for the decoration of which handicraftsmen from the Nizhny Novgorod province were ordered. As with all tenement houses, with the magnificent decoration of the facade of the building with expensive apartments, rear end at home, where the windows of cheap apartments overlook, is simple and unpretentious.
Pertsov lived in his house for 15 years. He was one of the custodians of the values ​​of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, spoke in defense of the church, and in 1922 received 5 years in prison in the process of "churchmen". Pertsov was released a year later, but he was evicted from his house. The house was nationalized. Here is what Pertsov’s youngest daughter Zinaida writes in her memoirs: “... he lived in our house famous original and an eccentric - Pozdnyakov. He arranged his apartment of four huge rooms in an extraordinary way. The largest, almost a hall, was turned into a bathroom (my brothers visited Pozdnyakov, they described its arrangement to me in detail). The floor and walls were covered with black cloth. In the middle of the room, on a specially constructed platform, there was a huge black marble bath (weight 70 pounds). There were orange lights all around. Huge wall mirrors reflected from all sides sitting in the bath. Another room has been turned into winter Garden: the parquet is covered with sand and lined with green plants and garden furniture. The living room was lovely - with tiger skins and artistic furniture made of Karelian birch. The owner received visitors in it in an ancient Greek toga and sandals on a bare foot, and on a nail thumb shining diamond monogram. He was served by a negro in a red livery, always accompanied by a black pug with a big red bow! It was this fantastic apartment that Lev Davydovich Trotsky was seduced at first: I just don’t know if he also borrowed his Greek toga and sandals from Pozdnyakov!
Now the building houses the Office of the Diplomatic Corps.

Pertsova's House (Soymonovsky proezd, 1) is a unique building built in the style of Russian Art Nouveau in 1905-1907.

The profitable house was built by order of Pyotr Nikolaevich Pertsov, a successful engineer of communications, however, in fact, his story began from another famous person. A little earlier, in 1898, the famous collector of paintings Ivan Tsvetkov bought a piece of land on Prechistenskaya Embankment for the construction of a house with a gallery, the project of which was carried out by the artist Viktor Vasnetsov. According to Vasnetsov's project, Tsvetkov's mansion was decorated in the Russian style: with tiles, carved decorations and interior decoration. Pertsov, who visited the gallery, was delighted with the views of the Moscow River, the Kremlin and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, opening from the windows of the Tsvetkov mansion, and Tsvetkov promised to help him buy a plot nearby, provided that the house on it would also be decorated in Russian style.

The land was bought for 70,000 rubles - huge money at that time - and registered in the name of Pertsov's wife Zinaida Alekseevna.

Pertsov started building the house with enviable responsibility - he established a competition to draw up the project, the jury of which were invited outstanding masters of Russian architecture and art: Viktor Vasnetsov, Fyodor Shekhtel, Vasily Surikov, Vasily Polenov, Illarion Ivanov-Shits and Stanislav Noakovsky; was established" prize fund". However, the right final choice Pertsov left the winner behind.

As a result, the jury members awarded the first prize to Apollinary Vasnetsov, the brother of Viktor Vasnetsov, but Pertsov exercised his right and chose the project of the second place winner, Sergey Malyutin, who by that time was known as the author of the first Russian matryoshka.

As a result, according to the project of Malyutin, architects Nikolai Zhukov and Boris Schnaubert built a house resembling a fairy-tale tower and having the appropriate design: with tiles in the Old Russian style, majolica panels with images of mythical animals, creatures and plants, figures of dragons - and even the pipes were made in the form owls frozen on the roof. There is artistic asymmetry in the structure of the house (the arrangement of windows, balconies, tower-like elevations), but the house looks holistic and harmonious, and characteristic shape the roofs and the elements of the facade that continue it really resemble the roof of a Russian tower.

The owners themselves occupied only part of the house: the rest of the apartments and rooms were rented to tenants, and in the basement in 1908-1910 there was an artistic cabaret "The Bat", created as a place for creative recreation of the actors of the Moscow Art Theater.

Pyotr Pertsov lived in his house for only 15 years. Being one of the custodians of the values ​​of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, he defended the church from attacks Soviet power, and in 1922 he became a defendant in the "clergy case", receiving 5 years in prison. A year later, he was released ahead of schedule, but he was evicted from the house that had been nationalized by that time, and Leon Trotsky himself occupied the family’s apartment, who lived here until he emigrated to Mexico.

Interestingly, there is some discrepancy in the name of the house. Despite the fact that on the plate on the facade the monument of architecture is indicated as "Profitable residential building Z.A. Pertseva"(named after Pertsov's wife - his official owner), he is often called "House of Pertsov"(according to Pyotr Nikolaevich himself), as well as "House of Peppers"- due to the discrepancy between the names of Pertsov / Pertsev. Use "House of Peppers" is the most common and recognizable and is used more often than others.

You can get to Pertsova's apartment building on foot from metro station "Kropotkinskaya".

The house of Zinaida Alekseevna Pertsova is one of the most beautiful buildings Moscow, which already in the first years after construction received the name "Fairy Tale House" among the townspeople. The famous railway engineer Pyotr Nikolaevich Pertsov became the customer of the building and its actual owner. In 1905, he purchased a corner plot bounded by Prechistenskaya Embankment, Soymonovsky Proyezd and Kursovy Lane. Considering financial risks, which he carried, participating in the construction railways, Peter Pertsov rewrote the site, and then the built house in the name of his wife, Zinaida Alekseevna.

Pertsov decided to build a whole residential complex, which included profitable apartments and a part in which he planned to settle with his family. To create a project for the house, an outstanding commission of architects and artists was convened, which included Franz Shekhtel, Viktor Vasnetsov, Vasily Surikov, Sergei Solovyov, Vasily Polenov, Illarion Ivanov-Shitz and other prominent representatives of the Moscow creative intelligentsia. Among the projects submitted for the competition most attention were awarded the work of artists Apollinary Vasnetsov and Sergey Malyutin.

It is interesting that Vasnetsov's project was awarded the first prize, however, according to the decision of the customer, Petr Pertsov, not even a competitive project was selected for further implementation, but a sketch of the building, made as a variant by Sergey Vasilyevich Malyutin. The unusual work of Malyutin inspired Pyotr Pertsov so much that he completely entrusted the artist with the creation of the long-awaited tenement house. Sergey Malyutin studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, along with such outstanding artists like Isaac Ilyich Levitan, Mikhail Vasilievich Nesterov and Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin.

Sergey Malyutin was a craftsman capable of embodying the aspirations of Pyotr Pertsov - to build a house in which the wonderful traditions of Russian architecture would find expression. Russian national art was close to Malyutin, it is no coincidence that in 1898 it was he who painted the modern symbol of Russia - the first matryoshka. However, when building a house for Pyotr Pertsov, the artist used the features of the northern version of the Art Nouveau style, which was extremely relevant at that time, which meant borrowing expressive details and features from architectural works Northern Europe.

Thus, the motifs of European Gothic, popular at that time, and national Russian architecture were combined in the project of Pertsov's apartment building. XVII century, which have become a harmonious whole thanks to the unifying aestheticism of the Art Nouveau style. Russian influence read in such bright details, like a forged lattice over a pointed gable, in the design of tower-balconies, one of which (from the side of Soymonovsky passage) received its own special name "The Dream of the Princess". Plots of ceramic panels that define the decorative appearance of Pertsov's apartment building are also associated with Slavic mythology.

The panel that adorned the facade from the side of the embankment shows images of the solar Slavic deity Yarila, watching the battle of the Bull and the Bear - the symbolic animals of the deities of Perun and Veles. The ceramic details of the facades are reminiscent of the architecture of the pattern, and on the panel above the entrance from the side of Soymonovsky passage you can see the prophetic bird Gamayun, a meeting with which foreshadowed good luck. However, details such as the corner bay window, the broken lines of the cornices and the dragon-shaped brackets of the balcony refer us to the traditions of the architecture of Medieval Europe.

When working on the project, the artist Sergey Malyutin, who did not have some specific knowledge and skills, needed to cooperate with a professional engineer and architect Nikolai Konstantinovich Zhukov, who helped Malyutin create an ultra-modern building equipped with all types of city communications known at that time, including sewerage and water supply , whose pipes were securely hidden in the thickness of the powerful walls of this high building. Malyutin also fully developed the unusual interior design in the master part of the apartment building, completing them, like the facades, in the Russian style.

In 1908, in one of the basements of the "Fairy Tale House" there was a unique theater-cabaret "The Bat" under the direction of Nikita Fedorovich Baliev. The performances and productions of this unique theater were attended by famous actors Moscow Art Theater: Olga Leonardovna Knipper-Chekhova, Vasily Ivanovich Kachalov, famous directors Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky and Vladimir Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchenko. At first, they were also the only spectators, since the outside audience for chamber productions " bat" was not allowed.

Subsequently, the theater moved out of Pertsov's house, and the idea of ​​closed theatrical actors' skits was lost - third-party guests began to appear at performances for a fee or using acquaintances with actors. Pyotr Pertsov lived in this wonderful house until his emigration in 1923. During the Soviet period, Pertsov's house was transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, whose diplomatic mission is located here today. Today, the unique Fairy Tale House is rightfully considered the most beautiful tenement house in Moscow. He is loved by Muscovites and guests of the city.

Alexandra Gurianova

Pertsov's house, or as it is also called the "fairy tale house", is located on the corner of Prechistenskaya embankment. The history of this house began at the beginning of the 20th century. At that time, there was practically no residential development on the banks of the Moscow River on Prechistenskaya Embankment, the bend of the river was occupied only by warehouses and industrial facilities. It was here that Ivan Evmenievich Tsvetkov looked after himself a place for art gallery. The facade was drawn by V.M. Vasnetsov, and the collector did all the interior decoration himself, maintaining all 12 museum halls in the same style. In 1907 the museum was opened to the public.

But even at the construction stage, it is visited by an engineer-traveler Petr Nikolaevich Pertsov, who is delighted with the location of the house, and is also infected with the idea of ​​incarnation in the old Russian style. Pertsov is ready to follow the example of the collector and buys a corner plot of the embankment for a considerable amount of 70 thousand rubles at that time. There was an ugly three-story brick house on the site, and this made the task of transforming the existing ensemble even more interesting.

Pyotr Nikolaevich is a man of the new time. He is an excellent engineer who has built more than one thousand kilometers of railways across Russia, an excellent organizer who knows how to make money and use it.

Fascinated by the idea of ​​a house on Prechistenskaya Embankment, Pertsov is looking for the best solution for the city and himself. He announces a closed competition for the project of a "profit house" in the Russian style, in which famous artists A.M. Vasnetsov, and S.Z. Malyutin, author of Russian nesting dolls, architects A.I. Diderikhs and L.M. Brailovsky. The condition of the competition was that the house "meets the spirit and traditions of Moscow and the requirements of modernity." The first prize was determined at 800, the second at 500 rubles, while the customer reserved the right to build any of the projects he liked. V.M. was invited to the jury of the competition. Vasnetsov, V.I. Surikov, V.D. Polenov, F.O. Shekhtel, I.A. Ivanov-Shits, S.U. Solovyov and S.V. Noakovsky.

The first prize was awarded to Vasnetsov, the second to Malyutin, but Pertsov did not agree with this decision. Vasnetsov's version seemed to him stereotyped, Malyutin's, in the style of the Moscow Empire, also did not correspond to the original plan. As a result, Petr Nikolayevich finds among the artist's initial versions the one that he considers ideal.

Malyutin's idea was that the already existing three-story brick building was supposed to be built on the fourth floor with big windows for studio rooms for artists. Along the embankment, a four-story mansion was attached to it, and from the side of Kursovoy Lane, a special detached building with a stylishly designed main entrance, richly covered with majolica painting. The whole building was topped with high, separately designed roofs, and the walls and pediments of the house were richly decorated with colorful majolica. Graduates of the Stroganov School were involved as performers of majolica decoration, for whom work on the pepper house brought fame and many orders.

Pertsov personally supervised all the work and paid attention to all the details of the building. All work was carried out simultaneously, and four months after the start of work, the building was completed. In early April 1907, the apartments were announced for delivery.

The owners' apartment was also located in this house, but had a special entrance from the embankment, it was located on three floors. The basement was converted by Pertsov into a hall for youth - five children grew up in the family. At one time the basement was rented to the artists of the Moscow Art Theater"Bat".

Events October revolution bypassed Pertsov. And he lived another thirteen years. Buried his beloved wife. All his children emigrated, he did not follow them, considering himself not entitled to depart from the fate of his Russia.

1937-1938: List of residents of the house - Ligovskaya st., 44,
- victims of mass repressions under Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR:
(continuation)
"13. Krastyn Jan Frantsevich, born in 1891, a native of the farm. Zvanytay of the Courland province., Latvian, non-partisan, carpenter of the 2nd car park of the Leningrad City Council, lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 608 . Arrested on December 3, 1937 by the Commission of the NKVD and the USSR Prosecutor's Office on December 29, 1937, sentenced under Art. Art. 58-7-8-9-10-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on January 4, 1938.

14. Glacier Ivan Fedorovich, born in 1903, a native of the village of Podsvilie Disnenskogo u. Vilna province, Belarusian, member of the CPSU (b) in 1920-1937, head of the Kirov railway. d., lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 303 . Arrested on August 8, 1937 by the Commission of the NKVD and the USSR Prosecutor's Office on October 1, 1937, sentenced under Art. Art. 58-6-7-9-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on October 6, 1937.

15. Lench Ivan Iosifovich, born in 1897, a native of the Korosten district. Volyn province., Pole, non-partisan, foreman of the stokers of the post office st. Leningrad-Moskovsky, lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 410 . Arrested on January 29, 1938 by the Commission of the NKVD and the USSR Prosecutor's Office on March 25, 1938, sentenced under Art. Art. 17-58-8, 58-10-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on April 2, 1938.

16. Markevich Emelyan Vikentievich, born in 1894, a native of the village of Ostrovki, Novogrudok district. Minsk province., Pole, non-party, locomotive driver of the depot st. Sorting house of the Moscow line Oct. and. d., lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 520 . Arrested on April 10, 1938 by the Commission of the NKVD and the USSR Prosecutor's Office on April 28, 1938, sentenced under Art. Art. 58-9-10-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on May 22, 1938.

17. Makhov Aleksey Fedorovich, born in 1903, native of the village of Yeremeitsevo, Lyubimsky district, Yaroslavl region, Russian, member of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1927-1938, wagon master of the Kirov Railway. d., lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 424 . Arrested on January 14, 1938. On February 21, 1938, a special troika of the UNKVD LO was sentenced under Art. Art. 58-7-9-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on March 1, 1938.

18. Okhotin Anatoly Dmitrievich, born in 1897, native of the village of Zakurino, Pestyakovsky district, Ivanovo region, Russian, member of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1918-1937, deputy. Head of the Political Department of the Kirov Railway d., lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 631 . Arrested on August 7, 1937 by the visiting session of the Military Collegium Supreme Court USSR in Leningrad on September 22, 1938, sentenced under Art. Art. 58-7-8-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on September 23, 1938.

19. Pavlov Vladimir Kalenikovich, born in 1895, a native of the city of Zhlobin, BSSR, a member of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1918-1937, head of the locomotive department of Art. Volkhovstroy I of the Kirov Railway where he lived temporarily, permanently resided: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 533 . Arrested on September 15, 1937 by the Commission of the NKVD and the USSR Prosecutor's Office on October 1, 1937, sentenced under Art. Art. 58-7-9-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on October 6, 1937.

20. Panov Georgy Ivanovich, born in Dnepropetrovsk in 1898, Russian, member of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1926-1936, early. All-Union Academy of Railways. transport them. Stalin, lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 308 . A special meeting at the NKVD of the USSR on December 3, 1936 was convicted under Art. 58-10 for 5 years ITL. He served his sentence in Ukhtpechlage. On December 28, 1937, the Commission of the NKVD and the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR was sentenced under Art. Art. 58-8-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on January 5, 1938.

21. Rytov Alexei Nikolaevich, born in Moscow in 1895, Russian, member of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1927-1938, inspector of Raytranstorgpit-2 Oct. and. d., lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 314 . Arrested on February 14, 1938. On June 8, 1938, a special troika of the UNKVD LO was sentenced under Art. Art. 17-58-8, 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on June 18, 1938.

22. Smirnov (Vitchik) Fedor Andreevich, born in 1894, a native of the village of Maryino, Maryinsky vol. Novgorod and province, Latvian, non-partisan, head of the fire department for the construction of the Lengorvnutorg Fur Palace, lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, room. 359 . Arrested on August 10, 1937. On September 3, 1937, by a special troika of the UNKVD LO, he was sentenced under Art. 58-10 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on September 6, 1937.

23. Sobol Alexander Nikolaevich, born in 1884 Builders of the Yampolsky district of the Vinnitsa region, Russian, non-partisan, deputy head of the traffic service of the Kirov railway. d., lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 503 . Arrested on August 8, 1937 by the Commission of the NKVD and the USSR Prosecutor's Office on October 1, 1937, sentenced under Art. Art. 58-7-9-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on October 6, 1937.

24. Fedor Illarionovich Startsev, born in 1896 Chernyaevka Bogoroditsky st. Tula province., Russian, from peasants, member of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1917-1937, head of the consumer goods department of the aircraft plant No. 23, lived: Leningrad, Ligovskaya st., 44, apt. 716 . Arrested on November 1, 1937. On February 26, 1938, by the visiting session of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR in Leningrad, he was sentenced under Art. Art. 58-7-8-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. He was shot in Leningrad on February 27, 1938 (His wife Elena Iosifovna Gorelova was deported to the Pinezhsky district, where she was sentenced to 8 years in labor camp.). "
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