Attention. What does the expression Kvass patriotism mean?

The expression "leavened patriot" (" leavened patriotism") - means blind, hypocritical, false, fashionable, ostentatious admiration for one's country; petty Russophilia; a sarcastic phrase that denotes those who praise everything "ours", primordial; a penchant for everyday trifles of the national way of life.

Something reminiscent of what is happening now in Ukraine. Kvass patriots unanimously exchanged Komsomol badges and pioneer ties for embroidered shirts and handkerchiefs. On the streets are processions of joyful citizens with fascist symbols and Bandera slogans. Khokhols suddenly realized that if they shouted louder than anyone "Moskalyak to Gilyak" then each of them would have prosperity and salaries of 1000 euros. And who does not believe, that Muscovite! That's how we live.

The expression "leavened patriotism" appeared in the late twenties of the nineteenth century. It was an ironic and contemptuous name for official, official patriotism, that is, those who supported the policies of the Benkendorfs and Uvarovs, who considered the slogan "people, autocracy, Orthodoxy" not an empty phrase

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Who is the author of the phraseological unit "leavened patriotism"?

Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky (1792-1878)

It is now impossible to establish for certain who nevertheless first uttered the phrase "leavened patriotism". However, there is a lot of evidence that he is Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky - a translator, literary critic, publicist, historian, poet. Historians cite as evidence the notes of the prince himself dating back to 1878.
Vyazemsky mentions that he first used this phraseological unit in his criticism of Francois Anselot's work on Russian Empire. Vyazemsky says:
"Most people believe that patriotism is the boast of one's native. At one time, Turgot bulked it up" du patriotisme d'antichambre"("servant patriotism"). In Russia, this is called " leavened patriotism".
In addition, a lengthy commentary was given to this phrase:
"Here I first used this sarcastic expression, which then became so popular that it is still often used and probably will still be used."
The literary critic V. Belinsky, popular in narrow circles, confirms the authorship of Vyazemsky. In his review of the book "Slavic Collection" authored by Savelyev-Rostislavich, he notes:
"... this ironic name "leavened patriotism", which many fear, was invented by Prince Vyazemsky himself, and I believe that coming up with the name of leavened patriotism is a greater merit than publishing treatise, albeit in 1000 pages"

The primary sources of the phraseological unit "leavened patriotism"

VYATSKIY KVASS

(Kvass patriotism)

Buy "Vyatsky kvass",
Citizens of Russia!
"Vyatka kvass"?!
Yes, "Vyatsky kvass" -
The best kvass in Russia.

"Vyatsky kvass" -
Top class,
Will satisfy anyone.
But from Coco-Cola
No sense.

Putin is also "Vyatsky kvass"
Oh, how respectful!
Without embellishment - this kvass
Our spirit strengthens.
(Boris Kirya)

Sensations and remarks by Ms. Kurdyukova

"We have a different patriot
Shouts: "dukvas, dukvass,
Du cucumber pickle",
Drinks and frowns hearty;
Sour, salty, move,
Me se Ryus, e wu save:
You gotta love your family
Say, even this
That doesn't cost a dime!"
(poet I. P. Myatlev)

"They needed kvass like air"
("Eugene Onegin" Pushkin)

"... the houses were suddenly immediately filled with patriots, who refused cognac and set to sour cabbage soup; who set a few French books on fire; someone poured French tobacco out of his snuffbox and replaced it with domestic. Everyone was tired of speaking French"
("Roslavlev" Pushkin)

"Many people consider themselves patriots because their kids wear red shirts and eat botvinia"
("Excerpts from letters, remarks and thoughts" Pushkin)

"Having eaten cabbage soup, drunk kvass,
Patriotism took them apart.
Though two hundred and seventy-two voices,
But this civicism is safe"
(Sergei Alexandrovich Sobolevsky poet)

The use of the phraseological unit "leavened patriotism" in literature

"... I first went on the stage of the theater in the "Inspector" in the Moscow theater. I was greeted very well ... But all over the comedy there were all sorts of boos, and I realized that this was the leavened patriotism of Muscovites "
(from the correspondence of actors Karatygin and Dur)

"At that time I corresponded with the editors of the Moscow Telegraph magazine and my favorite subject of attacks was the expression of leavened patriotism"
(testimony in the case of " Philosophical letters"N. Nadezhdin)

"...Otherwise, patriotism will turn into sinism, which adores only its own because it is its own, and does not love everything alien, just because it is alien. And it accepts all its deformities and ugliness. The book "Hadji Baba" English writer Moriera is a true and revealing picture of such leavened (as Prince Vyazemsky put it) patriotism"
(Belinsky)

"Alas, our reader does not like anything Russian, does not understand and does not want to understand even love for his Motherland, and calls it leavened patriotism!"
("The Oath at the Holy Sepulcher" by N. Polevoy)

"I don't want to understand leavened patriotism. I'll run away from here at any convenient opportunity, you won't even see the tip of my nose!"
(From the memoirs of Avdotya Panaeva)

kvass patriot video

- a short, hitting right on target ironic definition for pseudo-patriots. We owe the appearance of this apt expression to a friend of A. S. Pushkin, the poet Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky, who wrote:

Many recognize unconditional praise for everything that is their own as patriotism. Turgot (French statesman XVIII century) called it lackey patriotism... We could call it leavened patriotism.

Yes indeed, kvass in Rus' it is a national drink and is on a par with such symbols of Russia as felt boots, vodka, matryoshka, ruble, Kremlin ... Kvass was widely distributed among the bulk Russian people- peasants, philistines, merchants and even landowners.

In the first chapter of "Eugene Onegin" we read a description of the life of the Larin family:

On Trinity Day, when people

Yawning, listening to a prayer,

Tenderly, on a beam of dawn,

They shed three tears;

They needed kvass like air,

And at the table they have guests

They carried dishes according to their ranks.

So, it would seem that there should be nothing shameful in such a comparison - kvass is a wonderful drink, there is no harm from it, sheer pleasure, all the people like it ... Where, then, does the note of neglect in the expression "kvass patriotism" come from?

The point, of course, is not in the kvass itself, but in the fact that it is not good to define the “self-determination” of the people, the state and love for the fatherland only according to a primitive rule: long live what we like, we are, they say, not like others, therefore we are the best, and so on.

Fine leavened patriotism Wikipedia interprets:

“Kvass patriotism is an excessive love for everything one’s own, dear, even if it’s bad, and about a peculiar understanding true patriotism: stubborn, obtuse adherence to small things national life».

Any country has things that are its symbols in the eyes of both its inhabitants and foreigners. Germany - beer and sausages. England - oatmeal and pudding. France - wine and women. Spain - bullfighting. Türkiye - Turkish baths. Finland - saunas. Russia is a Russian steam bath that has existed for as long as Russia itself has existed. The Russian bath, by the way, is much older than such introduced symbols of Russia as vodka(read V. Pokhlebkin History of vodka), harmonic- the middle of the last century, matryoshka(1890s...) Even a poor person could install a chopped bathhouse, and in general, it is simply impossible to imagine our country without bathhouses!

True patriotism does not consist in praising one's own and blaspheming someone else's. True patriot one who loves his fatherland and tries to work for its good and prosperity. At the same time, he may love kvass, or he may not love it. Fine drink kvass it won't hurt!

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An expression that ironically defines a stubborn, stupid commitment to the little things of national life (Russian kvass, clothes, etc.); this "jingo-patriotism", praising everything one's own and condemning someone else's, is the opposite of true patriotism. This expression was first used by P. A. Vyazemsky. In "Letters from Paris", published in 1827 in the magazine "Moscow Telegraph" (part XV, p. 282), he says: "Many recognize for patriotism the unconditional praise of everything that is their own. Turgot called this lackey patriotism, du patriotisme d'antichambre. We could call it leavened patriotism. I believe that love for the fatherland should be blind in donations to it, but not in conceited complacency; this love can also contain hate. What patriot, no matter what nation he belongs to, would not want to tear out a few pages from the history of the country and did not seethe with indignation, seeing the prejudices and vices inherent in his fellow citizens? True love jealous and demanding." Having included “Letters from Paris” in the collected works, Vyazemsky made the following note to the expression “leavened patriotism”: “Here for the first time this humorous definition appeared, which was and is used so often afterwards” (Poln. sobr. soch., vol. I , SPb. 1878, p. 244), Vyazemsky's letters were printed in the Moscow Telegraph signed by G. R.-K., in order, as he writes, "to confuse Moscow readers"; this signature was supposed to mean a friend of Vyazemsky, Grigory Rimsky-Korsakov, "very well known to everyone in Moscow" (ibid., p. 258). V. G. Belinsky in the article “Lermontov’s Poems”, using the expression “leavened patriotism”, calls him Vyazemsky’s “happy expression” (Poln. sobr. soch., ed. of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, vol. IV, M. 1954, p. 489). Nevertheless, the author of this expression is often called the publisher of the Moscow Telegraph, N.A. ), The expressions “leavened patriotism”, “leavened patriot” have been widely used since the 20s of the last century and have been used to characterize the reactionary views of people who truly love their home country and the desire for its development was replaced by a stupid admiration for the backward forms of its life and way of life.

After ... all sorts of cold newspaper exclamations written in the style of fondant ads, and all sorts of angry, untidy, passionate antics produced by all sorts of leavened and unleavened patriots, we in Rus' ceased to believe the sincerity of all printed outpourings ... (N.V. Gogol, On the lyricism of our poets).

However, he did not suffer from leavened patriotism for long (I. S. Turgenev, Memories of Belinsky).

Alexei Timofeevich did not feel strongly offended. He often said: "That's what newspapers are for, to interfere with fiction." His name was not mentioned in the article, but the hints were clear.

They laughed at the Slavic love and "leavened" patriotism of both his nephew and himself (P. D. Boborykin, Kitay-gorod, 2, 6).

I am not a knowledgeable person. I decided to find out where this nickname came from.

I turned to Internet sources (where else do inquisitive minds turn to in our time?) And this is what I found:

According to Wikipedia, leavened patriotism is “an expression meaning false, ostentatious Russophilism. Its introduction is attributed to Prince P.A. Vyazemsky, who ridiculed the Russophiles with this cliche, who tried to flaunt their special “Russianness” and dressed up in “originally Russian”, in their opinion, costumes, which is why they were often confused with the Persians. Belinsky wrote: “I can’t stand enthusiastic patriots who always leave on interjections or on kvass and porridge” (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasnoy_patriotizm).

Yeah, I thought. Here it is! Kvass patriot is an ostentatious Russophile. Yes, it's probably the same in other places! And, hoping for little luck, he climbed further. And what?

In the Russian Humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary"We read:" Kvass PATRIOTISM- patriotism based on recognition traditional forms Russian way of life (clothes, customs, etc.) as unconditional values. I. I. Panaev considered the first leavened patriot S. N. Glinka, the editor of the Russky Vestnik magazine. One of the first to use this expression was A. N. Mukhanov ("Diary" for July 1832) "http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/rges/article/rg2/rg2-0637.htm?text=leavened patriotism).

Yes, I thought. What happens? Kvass patriot is not only an ostentatious Russophile. This, it turns out, is also a respectable supporter of the traditional forms of Russian life. Moreover, very intelligent people were honored with such a title.

In the "Dictionary of Ushakov" we find such a mention of leavened patriots- this is "a stubborn, stupid commitment to the little things of national life [the expression came into circulation in the 20s of the 19th century]". (http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/ushakov/article/ushakov/11/us1134613.htm?text=leavened patriotism)

Well, here is the same as in the first definition. Not interested. What else do you have?

IN « explanatory dictionary Russian language"I discovered: “Leaven patriotism is a reverence for the backward forms of life and life of one’s country, falsely understood as love for the fatherland” (http://mega.km.ru/ojigov/encyclop.asp?TopicNumber=12165&search=leaven patriotism).

What is it, I cried?! Admiration for backward forms of life and way of life, or a respectable name for the behavior of individual intelligent people- this "leavened patriotism"?

But (finally!) referring to the article by Jerzy Lisowski helped me finally unravel the issue. Here it is (with minor edits):

“... We will talk about the “leavened patriots”.

This expression is used with an ironic connotation; this is the name given to people who have the most primitive judgment about true patriotism and seriously believe that, defending some insignificant national traditions they defend the fatherland. leavened patriotism , in essence, is one of the forms of xenophobia (intolerance to something alien, unfamiliar, foreign).

This expression appeared in early XIX century, after the start of the war with France. Its etymology is perhaps best described by A.S. Pushkin in historical novel"Roslavlev": " ... the living rooms were filled with patriots: who poured French tobacco out of a snuffbox and began to sniff Russian; who burned a dozen French pamphlets, who abandoned lafitte, and set to sour cabbage soup ... ". Sour cabbage soup was then called nothing more than effervescent kvass.

For the first time in the press, the phenomenon of “leavened patriotism” was mentioned by Prince P.A. Vyazemsky in his Letters from Paris, published in 1827. “Many recognize for patriotism the unconditional praise of everything that is their own. Turgot called it lackey patriotism, du patriotisme d "antichambre. We could call it leavened patriotism » (http://www.newslab.ru/blog/168588).

Well, thank God, I thought. Here is the end of misadventures. We can summarize:

kvass patriot - literary expression, first introduced P.A. Vyazemsky, and picked up by A.S. Pushkin; it means a person who:

- loves (or pretends to love) his Fatherland;

- showing his love in public;

- unnecessarily focuses the attention of society on his demonstrative patriotism;

in addition, this person usually:

- educated, but not distinguished by special talents;

- devoted to the life and traditions of their ancestors.

This is the picture that emerges, believe it or not:

The same dictionary indicates that the expression came into circulation in the 20s of the 19th century.

The expression of the poet Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky (1792-1878) from the essay "Letters from Paris" (1827). First published in the Moscow Telegraph magazine under the pseudonym G. R.-K. "*: "Many recognize for patriotism the unconditional praise of everything that is their own. Turgot called this lackey patriotism, du patriotisme d "antichambre (literally, "hallway patriotism"). We could call it leavened patriotism. I believe that love for the fatherland should be blind in donations to it, but not in vain complacency; in this love can also include hatred. What patriot, no matter what nation he belongs to, would not want to tear out a few pages from the history of our country and did not seethe with indignation, seeing the prejudices and vices inherent in his fellow citizens? True love is jealous and exacting.

In his collected works, Vyazemsky, in a footnote to "Letters from Paris", marks this passage with a footnote, where he specifically notes his authorship of the expression "leavened patriotism": "Here for the first time this comic definition appeared, which after that was so often used and is used" ( Poly collection of works T. 1. St. Petersburg, 1878).

In their " notebooks Vyazemsky describes varieties of pseudo-patriotism: “The expression of leavened patriotism was jokingly let in and kept. There is no big trouble in this patriotism. But there is also fuselage patriotism; this one is pernicious: God forbid from it! It darkens the mind, hardens the heart, leads to hard drinking, and hard drinking leads to delirium tremens. There is political and literary fuselage, and there is also political and literary delirium tremens.”

* Nickname "G. R.-K. Vyazemsky invented it in order to "confuse Moscow readers." Under this pseudonym, the poet meant his friend Grigory Rimsky-Korsakov, "known to everyone in Moscow."

Examples

(1892 - 1968)

"The Tale of Life" (The Beginning of an Unknown Age) (1956) - "Each nation has its own characteristics, its worthy features. But people who are choking with saliva from tenderness in front of their people and deprived of a sense of proportion always bring these national traits to ridiculous proportions, to molasses, to disgust. Therefore, there are no worst enemies of their people than leavened patriot s."

(1878 - 1939)

(1930) (): "Let me be accused of leavened, geographical patriotism, but in order to remain truthful to the end, I must not only say, but exclaim: "Only on the Volga, only in Khlynovsk there are such springs."