Italian composer Rossini: biography, creativity, life story and best works. Getting closer to creativity

(1868-11-13 ) (76 years old)

Portrait of Rossini

Gioachino Rossini

Gioacchino Antonio Rossini(ital. Gioachino Antonio Rossini; -) - Italian composer, author of 39 operas, sacred and chamber music.

In Rossini he left Paris and settled in Italy, first in Milan, then in his villa near Bologna; he was sick and bored. In the composer's first wife dies, in Rossini he marries Olympia Pelissier. The huge success of the Stabat revived him somewhat, but the unrest in 1848 again had a bad effect on him, he had to flee because of the rebels to Florence and, finally, he decided to return to Paris, where he soon recovered and lived for another 15 years, using universal respect and making your home one of the most fashionable music salons.

Rossini died of pneumonia on November 13 in the town of Passy near Paris. The ashes of the composer were transported to Florence.

The name of Rossini is the conservatory in his hometown, created according to his will.

operas

Marriage bill (La Cambiale di Matrimonio) - 1810
A strange case (L'equivoco stravagante) - 1811
Demetrius and Polybius (Demetrio e Polibio) - 1812
Happy Deception (L'inganno felice) - 1812
Cyrus in Babylon, or the Fall of Balthazar (Ciro in Babilonia (La caduta di Baldassare) - 1812
Silk staircase (La scala di seta) - 1812
Stumbling Stone (La pietra del paragone) - 1812
Chance makes a thief (L'occasione fa il ladro (Il cambio della valigia) - 1812
Signor Bruschino (Il Signor Bruschino (or Il figlio per azzardo) - 1813
Tancredi - 1813
Italian in Algiers (L'Italiana in Algeri) - 1813
Aurelian in Palmira (Aureliano in Palmira) - 1813
Turk in Italy (Il Turco in Italia) - 1814
Sigismund (Sigismondo) - 1814
Elizabeth of England (Elisabetta regina d'Inghilterra) - 1815
Torvald and Dorliska (Torvaldo e Dorliska) - 1815
Almaviva, or The Vain Precaution (The Barber of Seville) (Almaviva (ossia L'inutile precauzione (Il Barbiere di Siviglia)) - 1816
Newspaper (La gazzetta (Il matrimonio per concorso) - 1816
Othello, or the Venetian Moor (Otello o Il moro di Venezia) - 1816
Cinderella, or the Triumph of Virtue (La Cenerentola o sia La bontà in trionfo) - 1817
Thieving Magpie (La gazza ladra) - 1817
Armida - 1817
Adelaide of Burgundy, or Otto, King of Italy (Adelaide di Borgogna or Ottone, re d'Italia) - 1817
Moses in Egypt (Mosè in Egitto) - 1818
Adina, or Caliph of Baghdad (Adina or Il califfo di Bagdad) - 1818
Ricciardo and Zoraide (Ricciardo e Zoraide) - 1818
Hermione (Ermione) - 1819
Edward and Christina (Eduardo e Cristina) - 1819
The Lady of the Lake (La donna del lago) - 1819
Bianca and Faliero ( Council of three) (Bianca e Falliero (Il consiglio dei tre) - 1819
Mohammed II (Maometto secondo) - 1820
Matilde di Shabran, or Beauty and the Iron Heart (Matilde di Shabran, or Bellezza e Cuor di Ferro) - 1821
Zelmira - 1822
Semiramide (Semiramide) - 1823
Journey to Reims, or the Hotel "Golden Lily" Il viaggio a Reims (L'albergo del giglio d'oro) - 1825
Siege of Corinth (Le Siège de Corinthe) - 1826
Moses and Pharaoh, or Crossing the Red Sea (Moïse et Pharaon (Le passage de la Mer Rouge) - 1827 (reworking of "Moses in Egypt")
Count Ory (Le Comte Ory) - 1828
William Tell (Guillaume Tell) - 1829

wrote 39 operas

Other musical works

Il pianto d'armonia per la morte d'Orfeo
Little Solemn Mass (Petite Messe Solennelle)
Stabat mater
Cats Duet (attr.)
bassoon concerto
Messa di Gloria

Notes

Brief summaries (synopses) of Rossini's operas on the site "100 operas"
Gioachino Antonio Rossini sheet music at the International Music Score Library Project

Categories:

Personalities in alphabetical order
February 29
Born in 1792
Deceased November 13
Deceased in 1868
Composers of Italy
opera composers
Academic musicians of Italy
Romantic composers
Composers alphabetically
Musicians alphabetically

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See what "Rossini, Gioacchino" is in other dictionaries:

Rossini, Gioachino- Gioacchino Rossini. ROSSINI Gioacchino (1792-1868), Italian composer. Summarizing the achievements of Italian opera, he outlined its romantic stage. Opera" barber of seville” (1816) the culmination of the history of the opera buffa genre ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Rossini) (1792 1868), Italian composer. The flowering of Italian opera is associated with the work of Rossini early XIX V. His music is distinguished by inexhaustible melodic richness, accuracy, and witty characteristics. Enriched with realistic content ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Rossini, Gioacchino) GIOACCHINO ROSSINI (1792 1868), Italian opera composer, author of the immortal Barber of Seville. Born February 29, 1792 in Pesaro in the family of a city trumpeter (herald) and a singer. I fell in love with music very early... Collier Encyclopedia

Rossini, Gioachino- See also (1792 1868). Italian composer. Delightful Rossini, Europe's favorite Orpheus. Heedless of harsh criticism, he is always the same, forever new, he pours sounds, they boil, they flow, they burn like young kisses, everything is in bliss, in the flame of love ... Dictionary of literary types

Rossini Gioacchino- (1792 1868) Italian composer, whose work is associated with the heyday of Italian opera. The creator of the operas The Barber of Seville, Tancred, The Italian in Algeria, Othello, Cinderella, The Thieving Magpie, William Tell and others ... Dictionary of literary types

ROSSINI (Rossini) Gioacchino Antonio (1792 1868), Italian. opera composer. According to A. M. Vereshchagina, L. “with all his might and until he lost his breath” sang a duet from R.’s opera “Semiramide” (1823) (letter dated August 18, 1835; VI, 468). L. mentions the name of the composer ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

(29 II 1792, Pesaro - 13 XI 1868, Passy, near Paris)

Gioacchino Rossini Rossini opened the brilliant 19th century in the music of Italy, followed by a whole galaxy of opera creators: Bellini, Donizetti, Verdi, Puccini, as if passing the baton of world-famous Italian opera to each other. The author of 37 operas, Rossini raised the opera-buffa genre to an unattainable height. His "The Barber of Seville", written almost a century after the birth of the genre, became the pinnacle and symbol of opera buffa in general. On the other hand, it was Rossini who completed the almost century and a half history of the most famous opera genre- opera-seria, which conquered all of Europe, and opened the way for the development of a new, which came to replace it, the heroic-patriotic opera of the era of romanticism. The main strength of the composer, heir to the Italian national traditions- in the inexhaustible ingenuity of melodies, fascinating, brilliant, virtuoso.

Singer, conductor, pianist, Rossini was distinguished by rare benevolence and sociability. Without any envy, he spoke with admiration about the successes of his young Italian contemporaries ready to help, suggest, support. His admiration for Beethoven is known, with whom Rossini met in Vienna in last years his life. In one of his letters, he wrote about this in his usual joking manner: “I study Beethoven twice a week, Hayd four, and Mozart daily ... Beethoven is a colossus who often gives you a good cuff in the side, while Mozart always amazing." Weber, with whom they competed, Rossini called "a great genius, and also genuine, because he created original and did not imitate anyone." He also liked Mendelssohn, especially his Songs without Words. At the meeting, Rossini asked Mendelssohn to play Bach for him, “a lot of Bach”: “His genius is simply overwhelming. If Beethoven is a miracle among men, then Bach is a miracle among gods. I subscribed to complete collection his writings." Even to Wagner, whose work was very far from his operatic ideals, Rossini was respectful, interested in the principles of his reform, as evidenced by their meeting in Paris in 1860.

Wit was characteristic of Rossini not only in creativity, but also in life. He claimed that this was foreshadowed by the very date of his birth - February 29, 1792. The composer's birthplace is the seaside town of Pesaro. His father played the trumpet and horn, his mother, although she did not know the notes, was a singer and sang by ear (according to Rossini, "out of a hundred Italian singers, eighty are in the same position"). Both were members of a traveling troupe. Gioacchino, who showed early talent for music, at the age of 7, along with writing, arithmetic and Latin, studied harpsichord, solfeggio and singing at a boarding school in Bologna. At the age of 8, he already performed in churches, where he was entrusted with the most complex soprano parts, and once he was assigned a children's role in a popular opera. Delighted listeners predicted that Rossini would become famous singer. He accompanied himself from sight, read orchestral scores fluently, and worked as an accompanist and choir director in the theaters of Bologna. Since 1804, his systematic studies of playing the viola and violin began, in the spring of 1806 he entered the Bologna Music Lyceum, and a few months later the famous Bologna Academy of Music unanimously elected him as its member. Then future glory Italy was only 14 years old. And at 15 he wrote his first opera. Hearing her a few years later, Stendhal admired her melodies - “the first flowers created by the imagination of Rossini; they had all the freshness of the morning of his life.”

He studied at the Lyceum Rossini (including playing the cello) for about 4 years. His counterpoint teacher was the famous Padre Mattei. Subsequently, Rossini regretted that he could not pass full course compositions - he had to earn a living and help his parents. During the years of study, he independently got acquainted with the music of Haydn and Mozart, organized a string quartet, where he played the viola part; at his insistence, the ensemble played many of Haydn's compositions. From a music lover, he borrowed the scores of Haydn's oratorios and Mozart's operas and rewrote them: at first, only vocal part, to which he composed his own accompaniment, and then compared it with the author's. However, Rossini dreamed of a singer's career, much more prestigious: "when the composer received fifty ducats, the singer got a thousand." According to him, he almost accidentally got on the composer's path - a voice mutation began. At the Lyceum, he tried his hand at different genres: wrote 2 symphonies, 5 string quartets, variations for solo instruments with orchestra, cantata. One of the symphonies and a cantata were performed in lyceum concerts.

Upon graduation, the 18-year-old composer on November 3, 1810 saw his opera for the first time on the stage of the Venetian theater. The next autumn season, Rossini was engaged by the theater in Bologna to write a two-act opera buffa. During 1812 he composed and staged 6 operas, including one zepa. “I had ideas quickly and only lacked the time to write them down. I never belonged to those who sweat when composing music. The opera buffa "The Touchstone" was staged in the largest theater Italy, Milan's La Scala, where it took place 50 times in a row; to listen to her, according to Stendhal, “crowds of people came to Milan from Parma, Piacenza, Bergamo and Brescia and from all the cities for twenty miles in the vicinity. Rossini became the first man of his region; Everyone wanted to see him no matter what." And for the 20-year-old author, the opera brought liberation from military service: The general who commanded in Milan liked the touchstone so much that he turned to the viceroy, and the army was missing one soldier.

The turning point in Rossini's work was 1813, when, within three and a half months, two operas, popular to this day ("Tankred" and "Italian in Algeria"), saw the light of the stage in the theaters of Venice, and the third, which failed at the premiere and is now forgotten, brought an immortal overture - Rossini used it twice more, and now everyone knows it as the overture to the Barber of Seville. After 4 years, the impresario of one of the best theaters Italy and the largest in Europe, Neapolitan San Carlo, enterprising and successful Domenico Barbaia, nicknamed Viceroy of Naples, signed a long contract with Rossini, for 6 years. The prima donna of the troupe was the beautiful Spaniard Isabella Colbran, who had a magnificent voice and dramatic talent. She had known the composer for a long time - in the same year, 14-year-old Rossini and Colbrand, 7 years older than him, were elected members of the Bologna Academy. Now she was a friend of Barbaia and at the same time enjoyed the patronage of the king. Colbrand soon became Rossini's lover, and in 1822, his wife.

For 6 years (1816-1822), the composer wrote 10 opera seria for Naples, counting on Colbran, and 9 for other theaters, mainly buffa, since Colbran did not play comic roles. Among them are The Barber of Seville and Cinderella. Then a new one is born romantic genre, which will later replace the seria opera: a folk-heroic opera dedicated to the theme of the struggle for liberation, depicting large populace, the wide use of choral scenes, occupying no less space than arias ("Moses", "Mohammed II").

1822 opens new page in the life of Rossini. In the spring, together with the Neapolitan troupe, he goes to Vienna, where his operas have been successfully staged for 6 years. For 4 months, Rossini is bathed in glory, he is recognized on the streets, crowds gather under the windows of his house to see the composer, and sometimes listen to him sing. In Vienna, he meets Beethoven - sick, lonely, huddled in a squalid apartment, whom Rossini tries in vain to help. The Vienna tour was followed by the London tour, which was even longer and more successful. For 7 months, until the end of July 1824, he conducts his operas in London, acts as an accompanist and singer in public and private concerts, including in the royal palace: English king- one of his most loyal fans. The cantata "The Complaint of the Muses about the Death of Lord Byron" was also written here, at the premiere of which the composer sang the part of the solo tenor. At the end of the tour, Rossini took out of England a fortune - 175 thousand francs, which made him remember the fee for the first opera - 200 lire. And it hasn't even been 15 years since then...

After London, Rossini was waiting for Paris and a well-paid leadership position Italian opera. However, Rossini stayed in this post for only 2 years, although he made a dizzying career: “the composer of His Majesty the King and the inspector of singing of all music institutions”(the highest musical position in France), a member of the Council for the Management of the Royal Schools of Music, a member of the committee of the Grand Opera Theatre. Here Rossini created his innovative score - the folk-heroic opera "William Tell". Born on the eve of the revolution of 1830, it was perceived by contemporaries as a direct call to insurrection. And on this peak, at the age of 37, Rossini stopped his operatic activity. However, he did not stop writing. 3 years before his death, he said to one of his guests: “Do you see this bookcase full of musical manuscripts? All this was written after William Tell. But I don't post anything; I write because I can't do otherwise.

The largest works of Rossini of this period belong to the genre of spiritual oratorio (Stabat Mater, Little Solemn Mass). A lot was also created by the chamber vocal music. The most famous ariettas and duets were " Musical evenings”, others were included in the “Album of Italian Songs”, “Mixture of Vocal Music”. Rossini wrote and instrumental pieces, often providing them with ironic titles: "Restrained Pieces", "Four Appetizers and Four Desserts", "Pain Relieving Music", etc.

Since 1836, Rossini returned to Italy for almost 20 years. He gives himself pedagogical work, supports the newly founded Experimental Musical Gymnasium in Florence, the Bologna Musical Lyceum, from which he once graduated himself. For the last 13 years, Rossini has been living in France again, both in Paris itself and in a villa in the suburbs of Passy, surrounded by honor and glory. After the death of Colbrand (1845), with whom he broke up about 10 years ago, Rossini marries a Frenchwoman, Olympia Pelissier. Contemporaries characterize her as an unremarkable woman, but endowed with a sympathetic and good heart However, Rossini's Italian friends consider her mean and inhospitable. The composer regularly arranges receptions that are famous throughout Paris. These “Rossini Saturdays” bring together the most brilliant company, attracted by both refined conversation and exquisite cuisine, of which the composer was known and even was the inventor of some recipes. A sumptuous dinner was followed by a concert, and the host often sang and accompanied the singers. The last such evening took place on September 20, 1868, when the composer was in his 77th year; he performed the recently composed elegy "Farewell to Life".

Rossini died on November 13, 1868 at his villa in Passy near Paris. In his will, he allocated two and a half million francs for the creation music school in his native Pesaro, where a monument was erected to him 4 years before, as well as a large amount on the establishment in Passy of a nursing home for French and Italian singers who have made a career in France. About 4,000 people attended the funeral mass. The funeral procession was accompanied by two battalions of infantry and the bands of two legions. National Guard who performed excerpts from operas and sacred works by Rossini.

The composer was buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris next to Bellini, Cherubini and Chopin. Upon learning of the death of Rossini, Verdi wrote: “A great name has died out in the world! It was the most popular name of our era, fame is the widest - and this was the glory of Italy! He invited Italian composers to honor the memory of Rossini by writing a collective Requiem, which was to be solemnly performed in Bologna on the first anniversary of his death. In 1887, the embalmed body of Rossini was transported to Florence and buried in the Cathedral of Santa Croce, in the pantheon of the great men of Italy, next to the graves of Michelangelo and Galileo.

A. Koenigsberg

Italian composer. One of the outstanding representatives of the opera genre in the 19th century. His work is at the same time the completion of the development of music in the 18th century. and opens the way to the artistic conquests of romanticism. His first opera, Demetrio and Polibio (1806), was still written quite in line with the traditional opera seria. Rossini turned to this genre repeatedly. Among the best essays"Tancred" (1813), "Othello" (1816), "Moses in Egypt" (1818), "Zelmira" (1822, Naples, libretto by A. Tottola), "Semiramide" (1823).

Rossini made a huge contribution to the development of opera buffa. The first experiments in this genre were "Promissory note for marriage" (1810, Venice, libretto by G. Rossi), "Signor Bruschino" (1813) and a number of other works. It was in the buffa opera that Rossini created his own type of overture, based on the contrast of a slow introduction, followed by a swift allegro. One of the earliest classical examples of such an overture is seen in his opera The Silk Stairs (1812). Finally, in 1813, Rossini created his first masterpiece in the buffon genre: "Italian in Algiers", where the features of the composer's mature style are already quite visible, especially in the wonderful finale of the first d. His success was also the buffa opera "The Turk in Italy" ( 1814). Two years later, the composer writes his the best opera"The Barber of Seville", which rightfully occupies an outstanding place in the history of the genre.

Created in 1817, "Cinderella" testifies to Rossini's desire to expand the palette of artistic means. Purely buffoonish elements are replaced by a combination of comic and lyrical beginnings, in the same year the Thieving Magpie appears, written in the genre of an opera semi-series, in which lyric-comedy elements coexist with tragic ones (how can one not recall Mozart's Don Giovanni). In 1819, Rossini created one of his most romantic works - "Lady of the Lake" (based on the novel by W. Scott).

Among his later works, the Siege of Corinth (1826, Paris, is a French edition of his earlier opera-series Mohammed II), The Comte Ory (1828), written in the style of a French comic opera (in which the composer used a number of the most successful themes from the opera Journey to Reims, created three years earlier on the occasion of the coronation of King Charles X in Reims), and, finally, latest masterpiece Rossini - "William Tell" (1829). This opera, with its drama, individually delineated characters, large through scenes, already belongs to another musical era- age of romanticism. This essay ends creative way Rossini as opera composer. In the next 30 years, he created a number of vocal and instrumental works (among them "Stabat Mater", etc.), vocal and piano miniatures.

Gioachino Rossini is an Italian composer of brass and chamber music, so-called " latest classic". As the author of 39 operas, Gioacchino Rossini is known as one of the most productive composers with a unique approach to creativity: in addition to studying musical culture country, includes work with the language, rhythm and sound of the libretto. Rossini was noted by Beethoven for the opera buff "The Barber of Seville". The works "William Tell", "Cinderella" and "Moses in Egypt" have become world opera classics.

Rossini was born in 1792 in the city of Pesaro into a family of musicians. After the arrest of his father for his support French Revolution the future composer had to live wandering around Italy with his mother. At the same time, young talent tried to master musical instruments and was engaged in singing: Gioacchino had a strong baritone.

The works of Mozart and Haydn, which Rossini learned while studying in the city of Lugo since 1802, had a great influence on Rossini's work. There he made his debut as an opera performer in the play "Gemini". In 1806, having moved to Bologna, the composer entered the Music Lyceum, where he studied solfeggio, cello and piano.

The composer's debut took place in 1810 at the San Moise Theater in Venice, where an opera buff based on the libretto "The Marriage Promissory Note" was staged. Inspired by the success, Rossini wrote the opera series Cyrus in Babylon, or the Fall of Belshazzar, and in 1812 the opera The Touchstone, which brought Gioacchino the recognition of the La Scala theater. Next works"Italian in Algiers" and "Tancred" bring Rossini the glory of the maestro of buffoonery, and Rossini received the nickname "Italian Mozart" for his penchant for melodious and melodic harmonies.

Moving to Naples in 1816, the composer wrote best work Italian buffoonery - the opera "The Barber of Seville", which overshadowed opera of the same name Giovanni Paisiello, considered a classic. After a resounding success, the composer turned to operatic drama, writing The Thieving Magpie and Othello, operas in which the author worked not only the scores, but also the text, setting strict requirements for solo performers.

After successful work in Vienna and London, the composer conquers Paris with the opera The Siege of Corinth in 1826. Rossini skillfully adapted his operas for the French audience, studying the nuances of the language, its sound, as well as the peculiarities of national music.

Active creative career musician ended in 1829, when classicism was replaced by romanticism. Further, Rossini teaches music and is fond of gourmet cuisine: the latter led to a stomach ailment that caused the musician's death in 1868 in Paris. The musician's property was sold according to the will, and with the proceeds, the Teaching Conservatory was founded in the city of Pesaro, which trains musicians today.

Rossini, Gioacchino (1792-1868), Italy

Gioacchino Rossini was born on February 29, 1792 in the city of Pesaro in the family of a city trumpeter and singer. After receiving his primary education, the future composer began his working life as an apprentice blacksmith. At an early age, Rossini moved to Bologna, then the center of Italy's provincial musical culture.

Wagner has charming moments and terrible quarters of an hour.

Rossini Gioacchino

In 1806, at the age of 14, he was elected a member of the Bologna Academy of Sciences and in the same year entered the Lyceum of Music. At the Lyceum Rossini mastered professional knowledge. The work of Haydn and Mozart then had a great influence on him. Particular success in his training was observed in the field of vocal writing techniques - the culture of singing in Italy has always been at its best.

In 1810, after graduating from the Lyceum, Rossini staged his first opera, A Bill for Marriage, in Venice. A year after this performance, he became known throughout Italy and has since devoted his work to musical theater.

Six years later, he composed "The Barber of Seville", which brought him fame, eclipsed in the eyes of his contemporaries even by Beethoven, Weber and other musical luminaries of that time.

Rossini was only thirty years old when his name became known throughout the world, and music became an integral part of 19th century. On the other hand, until 1822, the composer lived without a break in his homeland, and out of 33 operas he wrote in the period from 1810 to 1822, only one fell into the world musical treasury.

Give me the laundry bill and I'll set it to music.

Rossini Gioacchino

At that time, the theater in Italy was not so much a center of art, but a place of friendly and business meetings, and Rossini didn't fight it. He brought a new breath to the culture of his country - the magnificent culture of belcanto, cheerfulness folk song Italy.

Particularly interesting were creative search composer between 1815 and 1820, when Rossini tried to introduce the achievements of advanced opera schools in other countries. This is noticeable in his works "Lady of the Lake" (1819) or "Othello" (according to Shakespeare).

This period in the work of Rossini is marked, first of all, by a number of major achievements in the field of comic theater. However, he needed to develop further. Big role This was due to his direct acquaintance with latest art Austria, Germany and France. Rossini visited Vienna in 1822, and the result was the development of orchestral-symphonic principles in his subsequent operas, for example, in Semiriade (1823). In the future, Rossini continued his creative search in Paris, where he moved in 1824. Moreover, in six years he wrote five operas, two of which were reworkings of his previous works. In 1829, William Tell appeared, written for french scene. He was both the pinnacle and the end creative evolution Rossini. After its release, Rossini stopped creating for the stage at the age of 37. He wrote two more famous pieces "Stabat Mater" (1842) and "Little Solemn Mass" (1863). It is not clear why, in a triumph of fame, the composer decided to leave the heights of the musical Olympus, but it is indisputable that Rossini did not take new directions in the opera of the middle of the 19th century.

This kind of music needs to be listened to more than once or twice. But I can't do it more than once.

Rossini Gioacchino

In the last ten years of his life (1857-1868) Rossini became interested in piano music. From 1855 he lived without a break in Paris, where he died on November 13, 1868. In 1887 his ashes were transferred to his homeland.

WORKS:

operas (total 38):

"Promissory note for marriage" (1810)

"Silk Stairs" (1812)

"The Touchstone" (1812)

"A Strange Case" (1812)

"Signor Bruschino" (1813)

"Tancred" (1813)

"Italian in Algiers" (1813)

"Turk in Italy" (1814)

"Elizabeth, Queen of England" (1815)

"Torvaldo and Dorliska" (1815)