Book of foreign literature. Classic foreign literature listen online
Homer. Iliad, Odyssey (Gnedich, Zhukovsky).
Giovanni Boccaccio - “The Decameron” - Renaissance, frivolous short stories.
Lion Feichtwanger - “Goya” - a historical novel about the great Spanish artist, times of the Inquisition.
Miguel de Cervantes - “Don Quixote” is a philosophical parody of chivalric romances.
Jonathan Swift - “Gulliver's Adventures” - a classic of adventure literature + satire.
Daniel Defoe - "Robinson Crusoe" - a classic of adventure literature.
Fenimore Cooper - “The Last of the Mohicans”, “St. John's Wort”, “Pathfinder” - classics of adventure literature.
Louis Boussenard - “Captain Rip-Off” is a classic of adventure literature.
Anatole France - “Thais”, “Balthasar” - classics of historical adventure literature.
Haggard - "King Solomon's Mines", "The Brothers", "Cleopatra" - classics of adventure literature.
Rafael Sabatini - "Captain Blood's Odyssey" is a classic of adventure literature.
William Shakespeare - Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, A Midsummer Night's Dream.
Beaumarchais - “A Crazy Day, or The Marriage of Figaro.”
Johann Wolfgang Goethe - "Faust".
THIS. Hoffmann – “The Worldly Views of Cat Murr”, “The Golden Pot”, “Little Tsakhes”
Victor Hugo - "The Cathedral" Notre Dame of Paris».
Washington Irving - "Rip Van Winkle", stories.
Charles De Coster - The Legend of Ulenspiegel is a masterpiece.
Ethel Voynich - "The Gadfly".
Raspe - “The Adventures of Baron Munchausen” is a classic of adventure humorous literature.
Mark Twain - "Life on the Mississippi"
Edgar Allan Poe's stories are the very first detective stories, classics of the genre, unexpected fruits of romanticism.
Gilbert Keith Chesteron - stories, "The Man Who Was Thursday" - a classic of a smart detective story.
Stefan Zweig - short stories.
Honore de Balzac - “Shagreen skin” - you yourself will understand.
Gustave Flaubert - “Salammbô” is a classic of historical adventure literature.
Oscar Wilde – “The Picture of Dorian Gray”, “An Ideal Husband”, fairy tales – refined philosophy.
George Bernard Shaw - “Pygmalion”, “Heartbreak House” - classics of English drama.
George Orwell - " Animal Farm", "1984" is one of the first dystopias.
Aldous Huxley - "O wondrous one, new world" - the most famous dystopia.
Franz Kafka – “The Trial”, “Metamorphosis”, “Castle” - a genius of surrealism and absurdity; more than one author’s imagination was so boundless.
Jack London - "Martin Eden", "White Fang", stories - classics of world literature
Erich Maria Remarque – “On western front no change", "Three Comrades", " Arc de Triomphe", "Night in Lisbon" - pre-war, post-war, second world war.
Richard Aldington - "Death of a Hero", "All Men Are Enemies" - World War I.
Anne Frank - "Diary", "Diary of a Girl" - World War II.
Ernest Hemingway - A Farewell to Arms, The Old Man and the Sea - 1960s classics.
Gabriel García Márquez – “One Hundred Years of Solitude”, stories – classics of Latin American prose, world classics.
Jorge Luis Borges is a classic of Latin American mystical, fantastic, and philosophical prose.
Julio Cortazar - “The Hopscotch Game” is a classic of Latin American literature, one of the most the most unusual novels XX century.
Herman Melville - "Moby Dick" - a classic of adventure literature.
Ken Kesey - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 60's classic.
Richard Bach - “Jonathan Livingston Seagull”, “Illusions” - a philosophical view from heaven.
Antoine de Saint-Exupery - " The Little Prince"- another masterpiece from a professional pilot.
William Somerset Maugham- "Theater"
Akutagawa Ryunosuke – novels – Japanese modern prose, classic.
Knut Hamsun is a strong psychological Danish prose.
Jaroslav Hasek - “The Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk” is a classic of satire and humor.
Karel Capek - “War with the Newts”, “Factory of the Absolute” - classics of science fiction. It was Capek who coined the word “robot.”
Jerome Klapka Jerome – “Three in a Boat, Not Counting the Dog”, stories – classics of satire and humor
Rudyard Kipling - stories, poems, The Jungle Book.
Ephraim Sevela - “Monya Tsatske is the standard bearer”, “Stop the plane - I’ll get off”, “Why is there no heaven on Earth”, etc. - modern satirical and humorous literature.
Umberto Eco – “The Name of the Rose”.
Jean-Paul Sartre – “Nausea”, “Sloa” - classics of existentialism
Albert Camus – “The Stranger”, “The Myth of Sisyphus”, “The Plague”, “First Man” - existentialism, philosophy. At life of Camus received the common name “Conscience of the West”.
Erland Lu – “Naive. Super.”, “Doppler” - modern Norwegian classic, humor.
Anthony Burgess " A Clockwork Orange" - a stunning twentieth-century novel, a modern classic.
Patrick Suskind - "Perfume" - a modern classic.
Golding - Lord of the Flies - classic
Ray Bradbury – “Dandelion Wine” - a world classic
Selinger - “The Catcher in the Rye” - a world classic
John Fowles - "The Collector" - a modern classic
After the first course, I read a lot more, but I didn’t make lists. From the artistic side I can also recommend (it doesn’t seem to be on the list)
Daniel Wallace - "Big Fish", based on which Timothy Burton made the film, is read in one sitting
Lou, although it’s on the list, I highly recommend the novel “Doppler” - very funny in my opinion
Erich's remark to Maria - (he really is a man) I recommend all the books, but the literature is heavy and leaves a residue. There was a time, after reading all his books, I could not read other literature, everything seemed somehow empty.
I will not recommend Chuck Palahniuk, H. Thompson, Burroughs and other orange covers. Once upon a time at school, I was crazy about “Fight Club”, I liked all this literature in the ninth and tenth grade, but then I realized that with books like “One Hundred Years of Solitude” they would never stand anywhere near. Therefore, I stopped getting carried away with alt-Ernative literature, which most often is chernukha and nothing more, without any deep meanings. Well, maybe only if the author is wildly high, then sometimes something comes out.
Julio Cortazar "Game in the classics" - for all those who love unusual literature. There you can read in order, without order, the book is killer.
Grishkovets also writes books, his stories are good: “Rivers”, “Shirt” can be read, of course, for reference, “Traces on Me” is interesting. What happened next was crap, in my opinion.
For lovers of surrealism - books by Salvador Dali (yes, he also wrote books). Only for fans and to broaden your horizons. He writes, for example, that today he went to the toilet very well, and feces came out in the correct shape... he was a strange man and a genius.
I recommend London's entire collection; he has extremely insightful and powerful stories. One 20-page story can give you more than a dozen books by Akunin or Coelho (or whatever his name is).
Books are one of the greatest legacies of humanity. And if before the invention of printing, books were available only to a select caste of people, then books began to spread everywhere. Each new generation gave birth to talented writers who created world masterpieces of literature.
Great works have reached us, but we are reading the classics less and less. The literary portal Buklya presents to your attention 100 best books of all times and peoples, which is a must read. In this list you will find not only classic works, but also modern books who left their mark on history quite recently.
1 Mikhail Bulgakov
A novel that does not fit into the usual literary framework. This story mixes philosophy and everyday life, theology and fantasy, mysticism and realism, mysticism and lyricism. And all these components are intertwined with skillful hands into one piece and bright story, which can turn your world upside down. And yes, this is Bookly’s favorite book!
2
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky
A book from the school curriculum that is difficult to understand in a gentle way adolescence. The writer showed the duality of the human soul, when black is intertwined with white. The story is about Raskolnikov, who is going through an internal struggle.
3
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
A small story with a huge life meaning. A story that makes you look at familiar things differently.
4
Mikhail Bulgakov
A surprisingly subtle and sarcastic story about people and their vices. The story is about an experiment that proved that you can make a human out of an animal, but you cannot take an “animal” out of a human.
5
Erich Maria Remarque
It is impossible to tell what this novel is about. You need to read the novel, and then you will understand that this is not just a story, but a confession. Confession about love, friendship, pain. A story of despair and struggle.
6
Jerome Salinger
The story of a teenager who shows with his own eyes his perception of the world, his point of view, his renunciation of the usual principles and moral principles of society that do not fit into his individual framework.
7
Mikhail Lermontov
A lyrical and psychological novel that tells the story of a man with complex character. The author shows it from different sides. And the disrupted chronology of events makes you completely immerse yourself in the narrative.
8
Arthur Conan Doyle
The legendary investigations of the great detective Sherlock, which reveal the meanness of the human soul. Stories told by friend and assistant detective Dr. Watson.
9
Oscar Wilde
A story about pride, selfishness and a strong soul. A story that clearly shows what can happen to a person’s soul tormented by vices.
10
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien
A fantastic trilogy about people and non-humans who fell under the power of the One Ring and its lord Sauron. The story is about those who are ready to sacrifice the most precious things and even their lives for the sake of friendship and saving the world.
11
Mario Puzo
A novel about one of the most powerful mafia families in America of the last century - the Corleone family. Many people know the film, so it’s time to start reading.
12
Erich Maria Remarque
After the First World War, many emigrants ended up in France. Among them is the talented German surgeon Ravik. This is the story of his life and love against the backdrop of the war he experienced.
13
Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol
The story of the Russian soul and stupidity. And the author’s amazing style and language makes the sentences sparkle with colors and shades that fully reveal the history of our people.
14
Colin McCullough
A stunning novel that tells not only about the love of a man and a woman and complex relationships, but also about feelings for family, native places and nature.
15
Emily Brontë
A family lives on a secluded estate and there is a tense atmosphere in their home. Difficult relationships have deep roots that are hidden in the past. The story of Heathcliff and Catherine will not leave any reader indifferent.
16
Erich Maria Remarque
A book about war from a person's perspective simple soldier. The book is about how war breaks and cripples the souls of innocent people.
17
Hermann Hesse
The book simply turns all ideas about life upside down. After reading it, it is no longer possible to get rid of the feeling that you are one step closer to something incredible. This book has answers to many questions.
18
Stephen King
Paul Edgecombe former employee prison, which served in the block for convicts death penalty. It tells the life story of suicide bombers who were destined to walk the Green Mile.
20
Victor Hugo
Paris 15th century. On one side it is full of grandeur, and on the other it looks like a sewer. Against the backdrop of historical events, a love story unfolds - Quasimodo, Esmeralda and Claude Frollo.
21
Daniel Defoe
The diary of a sailor who was shipwrecked and lived alone on an island for 28 years. He had to go through too many trials.
22
Lewis Carroll
Strange and mysterious story about a girl who, in pursuit of a white rabbit, finds herself in a different and wonderful world.
23
Ernest Hemingway
There is war on the pages of the book, but even in a world full of pain and fear, there is a place for beauty. To a wonderful feeling called love, which makes us stronger.
24
Jack London
What can love do? Martin's love for the beautiful Ruth made him struggle. He overcame many obstacles to become something great. Story about spiritual development and personality development.
25
Arkady and Boris Strugatsky
A fantastic and fascinating fairy tale in which magic intertwines with reality.
26
We are Evgeny Zamyatin
The novel is a dystopia, which describes an ideal society where there is no personal opinion, and everything happens according to schedule. But even in such a society there is a place for freethinkers.
27
Ernest Hemingway
Frederick volunteered to go to war, where he became a doctor. In the sanitary unit, where even the air is saturated with death, love is born.
28
Boris Pasternak
Beginning of the twentieth century. Russian Empire has already embarked on the path of revolution. The story is about the life of the intelligentsia of that time, as well as the book raises questions of religion and touches on the mystery of life and death.
29
Vladimir Nabokov
A cautionary tale about people who betrayed their ideals. The book is about how bright and beautiful feelings evolve into something dark and disgusting.
30
Johann Wolfgang Goethe
The greatest work that draws you into the story of Faust, who sold his soul to the Devil. By reading this book you can walk the path of learning about life.
31
Dante Alighieri
The work consists of three parts. First we go to Hell to complete all 9 circles. Then Purgatory awaits us, through which we can atone for our sins. And only by reaching the top can you enter Paradise.
32
Anthony Burgess
Not the most pleasant story, but it shows human essence. A story about how you can make an obedient and silent doll out of any person.
33
Victor Pelevin
A complex story that is difficult to understand the first time. A story about the life of a decadent poet who is looking for his own path, and Chapaev leads Peter to enlightenment.
34
William Golding
What will happen to the children if they find themselves completely alone? Children have a delicate nature, which is quite susceptible to vices. And sweet, kind children turn into real monsters.
35
Albert Camus
36
James Clavell
The story of an English sailor who, by the will of fate, ended up in Japan. An epic novel with historical realities, intrigue, adventures and secrets.
37
Ray Bradbury
Collection fantasy stories, which tells about the life of people on Mars. They almost destroyed the Earth, but what awaits the other planet?
38
Stanislav Lem
There is an Ocean on this planet. He is alive and he has a mind. Researchers face the difficult task of transferring knowledge to the ocean. And he will help make their dreams come true...
39
Hermann Hesse
The book is about an internal crisis that can happen to anyone. Inner devastation can destroy a person if one day you don’t meet a person along the way who will give you just one book…
40
Milan Kundera
Plunge into the world of sensations and feelings of the libertine Tomas, who is used to changing women, so that no one dares to take away his freedom.
41
Boris Vian
Each of the group of friends has their own destiny. Everything goes easy and simple. Friendship. Love. Conversations. But one event can change everything and destroy your usual life.
42
Iain Banks
Frank tells the story of his childhood and describes the present. He has his own world, which can collapse at any moment. Unexpected turning points in the plot add a special flavor to the whole story.
43
John Irving
This book raises themes of family, childhood, friendship, love, betrayal and betrayal. This is the world we live in with all the problems and shortcomings.
44
Michael Ondaatje
This book contains many themes - war, death, love, betrayal. But the main leitmotif is loneliness, which can take on a variety of forms.
46
Ray Bradbury
Books are our future, but what will happen if they are replaced by TV and one opinion? The answer to this question is given by a writer who was ahead of his time.
47
Patrick Suskind
Story mad genius. His whole life is wrapped in smells. He will go to any lengths to create the perfect scent.
48
1984 George Orwell
Three totalitarian states, where even thoughts are controlled. The world is hateful, but there are people who can still resist the system.
49
Jack London
Alaska at the end of the 19th century. The era of the gold rush. And among human greed lives a wolf named White Fang.
50
Jane Austen
The Bennett family has only daughters, and the heir is distant relative. And once the head of the family dies, the young girls will be left with nothing.
51
Evgeny Petrov and Ilya Ilf
Who doesn’t know Ostap Bender and Kisa Vorobyaninov and their eternal failures, which are associated with the search for ill-fated diamonds.
52
Fyodor Dostoevsky
53
Charlotte Bronte
Jane became an orphan early, and life in her aunt's house was far from happy. And love for a strict and gloomy man is far from a romantic story.
54
Ernest Hemingway
A short story from the life of an ordinary person. But reading this work, you penetrate into an amazing world that is full of emotions.
55
Francis Scott Fitzgerald
A great novel that is filled with feelings. On the pages of the book awaits the beginning of the 20th century, when people were full of illusions and hopes. This story is about life values And true love.
56
Alexandre Dumas
We are all familiar with the adventures of d'Artagnan and his closest friends. A book about friendship, honor, devotion, fidelity and love. And of course, like other works of the author, it was not without intrigue.
57
Ken Kesey
This story is told to the reader by a patient in a psychiatric hospital. Patrick McMurphy ends up in prison, in a psychiatric ward. But some people think that he is simply faking his illness.
59
Victor Hugo
The novel describes the life of an escaped convict who is hiding from the authorities. After escaping, he had to endure a lot of hardships, but he was able to change his life. But police inspector Javert is ready to do anything to catch the criminal.
60
Victor Hugo
The actor-philosopher met on his way a disfigured boy and a blind girl. He takes them under his wing. In the background physical disabilities the perfection and purity of souls is clearly visible. It’s also a great contrast to the life of the aristocracy.
61
Vladimir Nabokov
The novel tightens its unhealthy web of passions and unhealthy love. The main characters gradually go crazy, controlled by their base desires, like all of them. the world around us. This book definitely won't have a happy ending.
62
Arkady and Boris Strugatsky
A fantastic story that describes the life of stalker Redrick Shewhart, who extracts extraterrestrial artifacts from anomalous Zones on Earth.
63
Richard Bach
Even a simple seagull can get bored gray life, and the routine has become boring. And then Chaika devotes her life to her dream. The seagull gives his whole soul on the way to his cherished goal.
64
Bernard Werber
Michel ended up at the court of the archangels, where he will have to undergo the weighing of his soul. After the trial, he faces a choice - to go to earth in a new incarnation or become an angel. The path of an angel is not simple, just like the life of mere mortals.
65
Ethel Lilian Voynich
A story about freedom, duty and honor. And also about different types love. In the first case, it is the love of a father for his son, which has survived many trials and will pass through generations. In the second case, it is love between a man and a woman, which is like a fire, then goes out, then flares up again.
66
John Fowles
He is a simple town hall servant, lonely and lost. He has a passion - collecting butterflies. But one day he wanted to add to his collection a girl who captivated his soul.
67
Walter Scott
The narrative of the novel will take readers into the distant past. During Richard's time Lionheart and the first crusades. This is one of the first historical novels, which everyone should read.
68
Bernhard Schlink
There are a lot of questions in the book that remain unanswered. The book makes you think and analyze not only what is happening on the pages, but also your life. This is a story about love and betrayal that will not leave anyone indifferent.
69
Ayn Rand
Socialists come to power and set a course for equal opportunities. The authorities believe that the talented and rich should improve the well-being of others. But instead of a happy future, the familiar world is plunging into chaos.
71
Somerset Maugham
The story of an actress who has worked in the theater all her life. And what is reality for her: acting on stage or acting in life? How many roles do you have to play every day?
72
Aldous Huxley
Dystopian novel. Satire novel. A world where Henry Ford became a god, and the creation of the first Ford T car is considered the beginning of time. People are simply raised, but they don’t know anything about feelings.
75
Albert Camus
Meursault lives a detached life. It seems that his life does not belong to him at all. He is indifferent to everything and even his actions are saturated with loneliness and renunciation of life.
76
Somerset Maugham
Philip's life story. He is an orphan and throughout his life he not only searches for the meaning of life, but also for himself. And the main thing is to understand the world and people around us.
77
Irvine Welsh
The story of friends who one day discovered drugs and euphoria. Each character is unusual and quite smart. They valued life and friendship, but only until the moment when heroin came first.
78
Herman Melville
Ahab, the captain of a whaling ship, set the goal of his life to take revenge on a whale named Moby Dick. Wit ruined too many lives to let him live. But as soon as the captain starts hunting, mysterious and sometimes terrible events begin to happen on his ship.
79
Joseph Heller
One of the best books about World War II. In it, the author was able to show the senselessness of war and the monstrous absurdity of the state machine.
80
William Faulkner
Four characters, each telling their own version of events. And to understand what we are talking about, you need to read to the end, where the puzzles will fit into a single picture of life and secret desires.
82
JK Rowling
83
Roger Zelazny
A classic of the fantasy genre. The chronicles are divided into two volumes of 5 books. In this cycle you will find travel in space and time, wars, intrigue, betrayal, as well as loyalty and courage.
84
Andrzej Sapkowski
One of the best fantasy series. The series includes 8 books, with the last one being “Season of Thunderstorms”, which is best read after the first or second book. This is a story about the Witcher and his adventures, his life and love, and also about the girl Ciri, who can change the world.
85
Honore de Balzac
An amazing story about limitless and sacrificial love father to children. About love that was never mutual. About the love that destroyed Father Goriot.
86
Gunther Grass
The story is about a boy named Oskar Matzerath, who, when the National Socialists came to power in Germany, refuses to grow up in protest. Thus, he expresses his protest to the changes in German society.
87
Boris Vasiliev
A poignant story of war. About true love for parents, friends, and the Motherland. This story must be read to feel the entire emotional component of this story.
88
Stendhal
The story is about Julien Sorel and the soul, in which there is a confrontation between two feelings: passion and ambition. These two feelings are so intertwined that it is often impossible to distinguish between them.
89
Leo Tolstoy
An epic novel that describes an entire era, delving into historical realities and art world of that time. War will be replaced by peace, and peaceful life characters depends on the war. Many heroes with unique personalities.
90
Gustave Flaubert
This story is recognized greatest work world literature. Emma Bovary dreams of a beautiful social life, but her husband, a provincial doctor, cannot satisfy her requests. She finds lovers, but will they be able to fulfill Madame Bovary's dream?
91
Chuck Palahniuk
No matter how much the work of this author is criticized, it cannot be denied that his book “Fight Club” is one of the symbols of our generation. This is a story about people who decided to change this dirty world. The story is about a man who was able to resist the system.
92
Markus Zusak
Winter Germany in 1939, when Death has too much work, and after six months the work will increase significantly. A story about Liesel, about fanatical Germans, about a Jewish fighter, about thefts and about the power of words.
93
Alexander Pushkin
The novel in verse tells the story of the fate of the noble intelligentsia with their vices and selfishness. And at the center of history love story no happy ending.
94
George Martin
A fantastic story about another world ruled by kings and dragons. Love, betrayal, intrigue, war and death, all for the sake of power.
95
David Mitchell
History of past, present and future. Stories of people from different times. But these stories make up a single picture of our entire world.
96
Stephen King
A fantastic series of novels by the master of horrors. This series interweaves genres. The books closely coexist with horror, western, Science fiction and other genres. This is the story of the gunslinger Roland, who is searching for the Dark Tower.
97
Haruki Murakami
Story about human destinies in Japan in the 60s of the twentieth century. A story about human loss. Memoirs of Tooru, which will introduce the reader to different people and their stories.
98
Andy Weir
By chance, an astronaut is left alone at a space base on Mars. He has a limited amount of resources, but no connection with people. But he doesn’t give up, he believes that they will come back for him.
100
Samuel Beckett
An amazing play where everyone determines for themselves the mysterious personality of Godot. The author gives you the opportunity to find the answer to the question “who is he?” A specific person? Strong personality? Collective image? Or God?
I would like to include many more books in this top. That's why, dear readers, write in the comments about the books that you think are the best. We will add books to the top and, with your help, expand it to the 1000 best books of all times.
When a person hears the term “foreign classics,” pictures of balls, duels, etc. appear in his head. Often, famous British writers are remembered, who contributed to the creation of such a romantic image. At least, such associations arise in the heads of girls.
First, you need to understand what is meant by the concept of “foreign classics”. It's about about those works, mainly European literature, which are considered the standard literary creativity for a particular era. In turn, the authors who created such masterpieces are perceived as classics, masters of words. Every historical period is famous for its writers, who were the best at that time, so even the modern generation has its own exemplary authors, clearly demonstrating the features of a certain historical period.
Whether a book is a representative of a foreign classic is influenced by many factors, including the level of popularity, information load, emotional content, relevance a certain genre and so on. Such books, as a rule, do not go unnoticed, so many connoisseurs of quality literature pay attention to them, and the author who gave the world such incredible work, goes down in history and acquires the status of one of the most talented writers.
Back in ancient times The first creations of this kind appeared and many have probably heard about them. Some remember it from their school days, while others decided as adults to get acquainted with the masterpieces of foreign classics and enjoy their depth. In any case, today it is difficult to find at least one person who similar works left indifferent. This is the secret of the “durability” of literary creations, because they are not only interesting, but also leave a certain mark on the soul of every reader.
It is worth noting that there are entire series that are worthy of attention, and you can familiarize yourself with them on the website portal, which allows all connoisseurs of quality literature to read online or download for free and without registration famous books in epub, fb2, pdf, rtf, txt formats. Thanks to the existence of the site, there is no need to run to bookstore and buy foreign classics, you can quickly and easily download or open the file and enjoy amazing stories, created by the masters of the literary world.
Foreign literature scores
To score 4 points in foreign literature, you need to prepare 1 speech and speak 1 time. Student performances must be to different writers and from various works. Save the speech in file No. 2.
Speech plan
1. Talk about the writer (1 sheet of A4 or 2 pages of notebook). Attach a portrait of the writer. Attach the speech and portrait to file No. 2.
2. Retell the work (briefly). Answer questions about the work (see list of questions below). Attach the retelling and answers to file No. 2.
4. Choose an illustration for the work. Attach to file No. 2.
List of questions for the work
1) When was the work written?
2) How much storylines? List the characters and events.
3) Specify plot outline(not all components will necessarily be present):
exposure - conditions and circumstances that led to the conflict; outset - the beginning or manifestation and aggravation of a conflict; action development; climax; interchange; epilogue.
4) Describe the composition: the sequence and interconnectedness of all parts of the work (sections, episodes, scenes, introductory episodes, lyrical digressions, paintings, images), unfolding of actions and grouping and arrangement of characters
Types of composition: direct sequential, direct, parallel, reverse, circular, repeating.
5) Genre features: an epic in general is an alternation of plot events.
the story is a small epic form: in the center there is 1 event, the characters are grouped around it, the characters of the characters are formed, there are few descriptions and they are laconic, not large size works (usually several pages);
short story - small epic form: in the center - 1 unusual event, unexpected ending, brevity. Types:
story of events - O'Henry, J. London, I. Babel, J. Collier;
short story "mood" with psychological plot- A. Chekhov, Maupassant, Akutagawa Ryunosuke;
story - average epic form: 1 storyline, the life story of 1 person in collisions with the destinies of other people, covers a relatively short period of time in the lives of the heroes;
the novel is a large epic form: several plot lines, large size, many characters, the history of the formation of the characters of many characters is revealed, widely covered life events. The novel is the most widespread epic in the 20th century. genre variety, conditionally distinguish:
social and everyday - person and social environment, socially conditioned forms of being;
moral and psychological - collisions inner world man and the external world;
historical - about events of the past;
philosophical - revealing the main problems human existence, Creation complete picture peace;
novel-myth - the creation of a symbolic model of the existence of man and humanity ("One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Marquez);
a dystopian novel (H. Wells), a parable novel ("The Plague" by A. Camus), a chronicle novel of one family ("The Thibault Family" by R.M. du Gard), an anecdote novel ("The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Soldier Ivan Chonkin" V. Voinovich), etc.
epic - large space actions, large number characters, often covers all segments of the population, significant volume, a moment in history is selected that is important for the fate of the people/state (required!).
List of questions for the passage
1. How can you title the passage?
2. What event forms the basis of the passage?
3. Name the main (or only) participants in the episode and briefly explain:
a) who are they? b) what is their place in the system of characters (main, secondary)?
4. Where does the passage begin and end?
5. Formulate the question, the problem of the passage that is in the spotlight:
6. Identify and characterize the contradiction (in other words, mini-conflict) underlying the episode.
7. Characterize the characters participating in the episode: · their attitude to the event; to the question (problem); · to each other; briefly analyze the speech of the participants in the dialogue; analyze the author's explanations of speech, gestures, facial expressions, and poses of the characters; identify the characteristics of the characters’ behavior, the motivation for their actions (the author’s or the reader’s); · determine the balance of forces, grouping or regrouping of heroes depending on the course of events in the episode.
8. Characterize the structure of the episode (what micro-episodes can it be divided into?); carry out brief analysis compositional elements episode: its beginnings, climaxes, denouements.
9. Reveal artistic details in the episode, determine their significance.
10. Determine availability artistic descriptions: portrait, landscape, interior; characterize the features and meaning of these elements of the episode.
12. Formulate the main thought (idea) of the episode.
13. Analyze the plot, figurative and ideological connection of this episode with other episodes or other elements of the structure of the work (with the author’s prefaces, prologue, epilogue, dedication, epigraph, inserted fragments, etc.).
List of works of foreign literature
1 "Divine Comedy"Dante Alighieri
2 "Gargantua and Pantagruel" by Francois Rabelais
3 "Don Quixote" Miguel de Cervantes
4 "Tartuffe" by Jean-Baptiste Moliere
5 "Citizen of the World" Oliver Goldsmith
6" Shagreen leather Honore de Balzac
7 "Melmoth the Wanderer" Charles Robert Maturin
8 "The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe
9 "In Search of Lost Time" by Marcel Proust
10 "The Three Musketeers" by Alexandre Dumas
11 "Posthumous notes The Pickwick Club" by Charles Dickens
12 "Les Miserables" Victor Hugo
13 "Faust" Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
14 "Red and Black" Stendhal
15 "Ivanhoe" Walter Scott
16 "Hamlet" William Shakespeare
17 "The Last of the Mohicans" Fenimore Cooper
18 "Morality of the 21st Century" Dario Salas Sommer
19 "Captain Grant's Children" by Jules Verne
20 "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" Mark Twain
21 "Pumpkin" Guy de Maupassant
22 "The Picture of Dorian Gray" Oscar Wilde
23 "Thus Spake Zarathustra" Friedrich Nietzsche
24 "The Catcher in the Rye" by Jerome Salinger
25 "Treasure Island" Robert Stevenson
26 "Quo vadis" Henryk Sienkiewicz
27 "Three Comrades" Erich Maria Remarque
28 "Böhlendorf. Lithuanian claviers" Johannes Bobrovsky
29 "Death of a Hero" Richard Aldington
30 "Castle Brodie" Archibald Cronin
31 "blue bird"Maurice Maeterlinck
33 "Tatar Desert" by Dino Buzzati
34 "Spartak" Raffaello Giovagnoli
35 "The Forsyte Saga" John Galsworthy
36 "Kings and Cabbages" by O. Henry
37 "Adventures of a Good Soldier" Svejk Jaroslav Hasek
38 "The last inch"James Aldridge
39 "Planet of People" Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
40 "The Immoralist" by Andre Gide
41 Lord of the Flies William Golding
42 "War of the Worlds" H.G. Wells
43 "The Moon and the Penny" Somerset Maugham
44 "Young Parka" Paul Valerie
45 King Solomon's Mines by Henry Rider Haggard
46 Jonathan Livingston Seagull by Richard Bach
47 "Snow Country" by Yasunari Kawabata
48 "Through the Eyes of a Clown" Heinrich Böll
49 Tender is the Night by Francis Scott Fitzgerald
50 "Murder in the Rue Morgue" by Edgar Poe
51 "Germinal" Emile Zola
52 "Penguin Island" Anatole France
53 "Pygmalion" Bernard Shaw
54 "Castle" by Franz Kafka
55 "The Glass Bead Game" by Hermann Hesse
56 "The Stoic" Theodore Dreiser
57 "The Trajectory of the Crab" by Günter Grass
58 "Jean-Christophe" Romain Rolland
59 "Goya, or the Hard Path of Knowledge" Lion Feuchtwanger
60 "A Farewell to Arms" by Ernest Hemingway
61 "Blinding Darkness" Arthur Koestler
62 "Lust for Life" by Irving Stone
63 Plague Albert Camus
64 Nausea Jean-Paul Sartre
65 The Unbearable Lightness of Being Milan Kundera
66 Our Man in Havana Graham Greene
67 The Spy Who Came in from the Cold John le Carré
68 Rooster and Harlequin Jean Cocteau
69 1984 George Orwell
70 April Fool's Day Josip Novakovic
71,451° Fahrenheit Ray Bradbury
72 Sartoris William Faulkner
73 Golem Gustav Meyrink
74 Elementary particles by Michel Houellebecq
75 I, robot A. Azimov
76 The Infamy of J.M. Coetzee
77 Self-Reliant People Halldor Laxness
78 The Lord of the Rings J. Tolkien
79 In a world of silence Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Frederic Dumas
80 Moby Dick Herman Melville
81 Goodbye, brother! John Cheever
82 Palm Piper Amos Tutuola
83 One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Ken Kesey
84 A little sun in cold water Francoise Sagan
85 Rabbit Run John Updike
86 Boarded Window Ambrose Bierce
87 Notes on the cat city of Lao She
88 Famine Road Ben Okri
89 The Winter of Our Trouble John Steinbeck
90 Museum of Innocence Orhan Pamuk
91 No Later Than Midnight Daphne du Maurier
92 Ulysses James Joyce
93 Molloy Samuel Beckett
94 Alchemy of the word Jan Parandovsky
95 Name of the Rose Umberto Eco
97 "King Matt I" Janusz Korczak
98 "Avel Sanchez" Miguel de Unamuno
99 "The Flood" Robert Penn Warren
100 Career of Arturo Ui Bertolt Brecht
101 "The Robbers" Schiller
102 "Consuella" Georges Sand
103 "Arc de Triomphe" Erich Maya Remarque
104 "The Alchemist" by Paolo Coelho
105 "The House In Which" Mariam Petrosyan
106 "Dear Friend" Guy de Maupassant
107 "Twelfth Night" by William Shakespeare
108 "The Disappearance of the Elephant" by Haruko Murakami
109 "Metamorphosis" Franz Kafka
110 "Gone with the Wind" Margarett Mitchell
111 "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen
112 "Notre Dame Cathedral" Victor Hugo
113 "The Man Who Laughs" Victor Hugo
114 "Golden Bug" E.A. By
115 "Orient Express" Agatha Christie
116 "Queen Margot" Alexandre Dumas
117 "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" Lewis Carroll
118 "The Legend of Ulenspiegel" Charles de Coster
119 "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" Robert Stevenson
120 "The Man Who Was Thursday" Gilbert K. Chesterton
Anna Karenina. Leo Tolstoy
The greatest love story of all time. A story that never left the stage, filmed countless once - and still has not lost the boundless charm of passion - passion that is destructive, destructive, blind - but all the more bewitching with its greatness.
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The Master and Margarita. Mikhail Bulgakov
This is the most mysterious novel in history Russian literature XX century This is a novel that is almost officially called “The Gospel of Satan.” This is “The Master and Margarita”. A book that can be read and reread dozens, hundreds of times, but most importantly, it is still impossible to understand. So, which pages of “The Master and Margarita” were dictated by the Forces of Light?
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Wuthering Heights. Emily Brontë
A mystery novel included in the top ten best novels of all time! The story of a stormy, truly demonic passion that has been exciting the imagination of readers for more than one hundred and fifty years. Katie gave her heart cousin, but ambition and thirst for wealth push her into the arms of a rich man. Forbidden attraction turns into a curse for secret lovers, and one day.
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Evgeny Onegin. Alexander Pushkin
“Have you read “Onegin”? What can you say about “Onegin”? These are the questions that are constantly repeated among writers and Russian readers,” noted the writer, enterprising publisher and, by the way, the hero of Pushkin’s epigrams, Thaddeus Bulgarin, after the publication of the second chapter of the novel. For a long time now it has not been customary to evaluate ONEGIN. In the words of the same Bulgarin, it is “written in Pushkin’s poems. That's enough."
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Notre Dame Cathedral. Victor Hugo
A story that has survived centuries, become canon and given its heroes the glory of household names. A story of love and tragedy. The love of those to whom love was not given and not allowed - by religious dignity, physical weakness or someone else's evil will. The gypsy Esmeralda and the deaf hunchback bell-ringer Quasimodo, the priest Frollo and the captain of the royal riflemen Phoebus de Chateaupert, the beautiful Fleur-de-Lys and the poet Gringoire.
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Gone with the wind. Margaret Mitchell
The great saga of the American Civil War and the fate of the headstrong Scarlett O'Hara was first published more than 70 years ago and does not become outdated to this day. This is Margaret Mitchell's only novel for which she received a Pulitzer Prize. A story about a woman whom neither an unconditional feminist nor a staunch supporter of house-building is ashamed to emulate.
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Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare
This is the highest tragedy about love that human genius can create. A tragedy that has been filmed and is being filmed. A tragedy that never goes away theatrical stage to this day – and to this day it sounds as if it was written yesterday. Years and centuries go by. But one thing remains and will forever remain unchanged: “There is no sadder story in the world than the story of Romeo and Juliet...”
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The Great Gatsby. Francis Fitzgerald
“The Great Gatsby” is not only the pinnacle of Fitzgerald’s work, but also one of highest achievements in world prose of the 20th century. Although the novel takes place in the “roaring” twenties of the last century, when fortunes were made literally from nothing and yesterday’s criminals became millionaires overnight, this book lives outside of time, because, telling the story of the broken destinies of the generation of the “Jazz Age”.
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Three Musketeers. Alexandre Dumas
The most famous historical and adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas tells about the adventures of the Gascon d'Artagnan and his musketeer friends at the court of King Louis XIII.
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Count of Monte Cristo. Alexandre Dumas
The book presents one of the most exciting adventure novels of the French classic literature of the 19th century century of Alexandre Dumas.
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Arc de Triomphe. Erich Remarque
One of the most beautiful and tragic love novels in the history of European literature. The story of a refugee from Nazi Germany Dr. Ravic and the beautiful Joan Madu, entangled in the “unbearable lightness of being,” takes place in pre-war Paris. And the alarming time in which these two happened to meet and fall in love with each other becomes one of the main characters of the Arc de Triomphe.
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The man who laughs. Victor Hugo
Gwynplaine, a lord by birth, was sold as a child to comprachico bandits, who made a fair jester out of the child, carving a mask of “eternal laughter” on his face (at the courts of the European nobility of that time there was a fashion for cripples and freaks who amused the owners). Despite all the trials, Gwynplaine retained the best human qualities and his love.
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Martin Eden. Jack London
A simple sailor, in whom it is easy to recognize the author himself, goes through a long, hardship-filled path to literary immortality... By chance, he finds himself in secular society, Martin Eden is doubly happy and surprised... both by the creative gift that has awakened in him, and by the divine image of young Ruth Morse, so unlike all the people he knew before... From now on, two goals are relentlessly facing him.
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Sister Kerry. Theodore Dreiser
The publication of Theodore Dreiser's first novel was fraught with such difficulties that it led its creator to severe depression. But the further fate of the novel “Sister Carrie” turned out to be happy: it was translated into many foreign languages, reprinted in millions of copies. New and new generations of readers enjoy immersing themselves in the vicissitudes of Caroline Mieber's fate.
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American tragedy. Theodore Dreiser
The novel “American Tragedy” is the pinnacle of creativity of the outstanding American writer Theodore Dreiser. He said: “No one creates tragedies - life creates them. Writers only portray them.” Dreiser managed to portray the tragedy of Clive Griffiths so talentedly that his story does not leave the modern reader indifferent.
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Les Misérables. Victor Hugo
Jean Valjean, Cosette, Gavroche - the names of the heroes of the novel have long become household names, the number of its readers in the century and a half since the publication of the book has not become smaller, the novel has not lost popularity. A kaleidoscope of faces from all walks of French society first half of the 19th century centuries, bright, memorable characters, sentimentality and realism, intense, exciting plot.
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The adventures of the good soldier Schweik. Jaroslav Hasek
A great, original and outrageous novel. A book that can be perceived both as a “soldier’s tale” and as classic, directly related to the traditions of the Renaissance. This is a sparkling text that makes you laugh until you cry, and a powerful call to “put down your arms,” and one of the most objective historical evidence in satirical literature.
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Iliad. Homer
The attractiveness of Homer’s poems is not only that their author introduces us to a world separated from modernity by tens of centuries and yet unusually real thanks to the genius of the poet, who preserved in his poems the beat of contemporary life. Homer's immortality lies in the fact that his brilliant creations contain inexhaustible reserves of universal human values - reason, goodness and beauty.
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St. John's wort. James Cooper
Cooper managed to find and describe in his books the originality and unexpected brightness of the newly discovered continent, which managed to captivate the whole modern Europe. Every new novel The writer was eagerly awaited. The exciting adventures of the fearless and noble hunter and tracker Natty Bumppo captivated both young and adult readers..
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Doctor Zhivago. Boris Pasternak
The novel “Doctor Zhivago” is one of outstanding works Russian literature, throughout many years which remained closed to a wide circle of readers in our country, who knew about it only through scandalous and unscrupulous party criticism.
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Don Quixote. Miguel Cervantes
What do the names of Amadis of Gaul, Palmer of England, Don Belianis of Greece, Tyrant of the White tell us today? But it was precisely as a parody of novels about these knights that “The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha” by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra was created. And this parody has survived the genre being parodied for centuries. “Don Quixote” was recognized as the best novel in the entire history of world literature.
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Ivanhoe. Walter Scott
"Ivanhoe" - key work in the series of novels by W. Scott, which take us to medieval England. To the young knight Ivanhoe, who returned secretly from Crusade deprived of inheritance to his homeland and by the will of his father, he will have to defend his honor and love beautiful lady Rowena... King Richard the Lionheart and the legendary robber Robin Hood will come to his aid.
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Headless Horseman. Reed Main
The plot of the novel is so skillfully constructed that it keeps you in suspense until the very end. last page. It is no coincidence that the exciting story of the noble mustanger Maurice Gerald and his lover, the beautiful Louise Poindexter, investigating the sinister mystery of the headless horseman, whose figure terrifies the inhabitants of the savannah when he appears, is extremely beloved by readers in Europe and Russia.
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Dear friend. Guy de Maupassant
The novel “Dear Friend” became one of the symbols of the era. This is Maupassant's most powerful novel. Through history Georges Duroy, paving his way to the top, the true morals of high French society are revealed, the spirit of corruption that reigns in all its spheres contributes to the fact that an ordinary and immoral person, such as the hero of Maupassant, easily achieves success and wealth.
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Dead souls. Nikolai Gogol
The publication of the first volume of N. Gogol’s “Dead Souls” in 1842 caused heated controversy among contemporaries, splitting society into fans and opponents of the poem. “...Talking about “Dead Souls”, you can talk a lot about Russia...” - this judgment of P. Vyazemsky explained main reason disputes. The author’s question is still relevant: “Rus, where are you rushing, give me the answer?”
