The story of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts. Museum of Fine Arts

State Museum fine arts them. A. S. Pushkin, or, as it is often called, the Pushkin Museum is one of the most significant museums in Moscow, which has collected within its walls a large collection works foreign art from ancient world to the present day.

The Pushkin Museum opened its doors for the first time on May 31, 1912. Professor of Moscow University Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev became the inspirer and the first director. The original collection was formed from copies ancient sculptures and mosaics of the University Cabinet fine arts and genuine antiquities purchased from the famous Egyptologist V.S. Golenishchev. Later, the halls were replenished with paintings transferred from other museums and works of art from private collections donated or confiscated after the revolution. Today, the collection of the Pushkin Museum contains more than 670,000 exhibits, of which only 1.5% are available for inspection.

Under the jurisdiction of the Pushkin Museum im. Pushkin Museum is a whole museum town located in the historical center of Moscow near the Kropotkinskaya metro station. It includes several buildings, including:

• Main building
• Gallery of European and American Art of the 19th-20th Centuries.
• Department of private collections
• Museum-apartment of Svyatoslav Richter
• Center aesthetic education"Museion"
• Training Art Museum them. I.V. Tsvetaeva
• House of Graphics

The main building is an architectural monument with a powerful colonnade and a glass roof, built 100 years ago specifically for the museum.

The exposition here is located on two floors. The first one contains authentic rarities. ancient egypt, ancient times, the golden treasures of Ancient Troy from the excavations of the archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, paintings European masters of the 8th-18th centuries, there are Greek and Italian courtyards - large spaces with cast sculptures. On the second floor, many rooms are given over to copies of art objects. Ancient Greece, Rome, Middle Ages and Renaissance. In addition, original paintings by European artists are exhibited here.

The Egyptian Hall is one of the world's best collections of authentic items from the time of Ancient Egypt: mummies, sarcophagi, masks, figurines, jewelry and vessels.

Wooden sarcophagus of the nobleman Mahu, the holder of the plot of land of the temple of Amun:

Amenhotep and Rannai - priest and priestess of the god Amun:

Sarcophagus and mummy of Hor-Kha. In the foreground is the mummy of a cat:

The next room is dedicated to the art of the Ancient Near East.

Figurine of an adorant from Northern Mesopotamia. Adorant - a figurine made of stone or clay, which was placed in the temple so that she prayed for the person who placed it.

Halls ancient art with a collection of Greek vases and amphoras, mosaics, sculptures and reliefs from Ancient Italy, Cyprus and Rome.

Antefix - ceramic tile with a mask of Medusa Gorgon:

Items from the excavations of Panticapaeum - the capital of the Chimerian Bosporus:

The theme of antiquity continues in the Greek courtyard - great hall filled with casts of famous ancient Greek statues, reliefs and architectural fragments.

Sleeping Ariadne. The marble original is kept in the Vatican.

Another patio is Italian, with casts of masterpieces of the Renaissance.

Equestrian statue - copy bronze monument Commander-in-Chief Bartolomeo Colleoni of Venice.

Michelangelo's famous David. The height of the sculpture is 5.5 meters.

One of the main gems of the Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin - a collection of works by Rembrandt and artists of his school is located in room number 10.

Rembrandt "Portrait of an Old Woman" and "Portrait of an Elderly Woman".

Exposition of paintings by Flemish painters of the 17th century - Rubens, Jordaens, Van Dyck, Brueghel.

Anthony van Dyck "Portrait of Adrian Stevens". Flemish master early 17th century "Portrait of a Lady with a Fan".

"Skating" by Hendrik Averkamp from the audience Dutch art 17th century.

Also on the ground floor, the permanent exhibition presents the art of Byzantium, Italy of the 13th-16th centuries, Germany and the Netherlands of the 15th-16th centuries.

Let's go up to the second floor.

Hall, called "Olympic", with casts of classical ancient Greek sculptures.

A copy of the sculpture "Lamentation of Christ" from the Michelangelo Buonarotti room. “Great fame and glory,” according to his contemporary, was acquired by this work of the great master.

Italian sculpture of the 15th century. The decoration of the hall used decorative elements in the style of the Early Renaissance.

The magnificent Tombstone of the Cardinal of Portugal by Rosselino Antonio. The original is in Florence in the church of San Miniato al Monte.

European Art of the Middle Ages.

Cultural heritage of ancient Italy and ancient rome in blinds. The masterpieces of this hall are the Capitoline Wolf, the bust of Marcus Aurelius, the sculpture "Victoria".

Greek Art of Late Classics and Hellenism. The colossal group "Farnese Bull" - the original is stored in archaeological museum Naples.

Winged Nike of Samothrace and Aphrodite of Cnidus famous sculptor Praxiteles.

Of course, it is difficult to show all the halls and works - there are a lot of them, you can spend more than one hour visiting the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts.

You can take pictures for free, but there are a few rules: you can’t use a tripod and flash, it’s forbidden to take pictures at temporary exhibitions.

On the days of especially significant exhibitions, when masterpieces are brought from the collections best museums world, queues line up at the cashier.

On Tuesday and Friday afternoons and Thursday evenings in the Main Building, the Gallery and the Private Collections Department there are Art Talks on 29 topics.

Since 1980 in the Museum. Pushkin passes annual festival music “December Evenings of Svyatoslav Richter”, concerts are held in the halls throughout the year.

Sightseeing and thematic tours are led around the permanent exhibition, you can take an audio guide, its cost is 250 rubles.

More detailed information look at the official website of the Pushkin Museum: arts-museum.ru

How to get to the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

On public transport: m. Kropotkinskaya, then 2 minutes on foot.

Address: Volkhonka street, 12.

Opening hours

• Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday, Sunday - from 11-00 to 20-00
• Thursday, Friday - from 11-00 to 21-00

Monday - day off

Ticket prices for the main building

• Adults - 400 rubles
• Preferential categories- 200 rubles
• Children under 16 years old - free of charge

State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin - a museum complex that has one of the largest art collections of foreign art in Russia, storing artifacts created by masters different eras- from Ancient Egypt and ancient Greece to the present day.

The founding date of the Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin is considered August 17 (29), 1898. It was on this day that in Moscow, at the former Kolymazhny Yard, near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior on Volkhonka, the laying of a new one, created on public funds, Moscow Museum - Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III. This event was preceded by years of hard work of its creator, Professor of Moscow University Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (1847-1913), as well as a group of Moscow and St. Petersburg scientists. New Museum was conceived primarily as a university The educational center, it was based on plaster reproductions (casts) of sculptural originals. Gypsum castings were made by the largest firms of that time, many were made specially by order of I.V. Tsvetaeva. 14 years later, in May 1912, the museum was opened to the sounds of a solemn cantata, specially written for this event. The collection of casts was replenished with magnificent collections original works art. This is also a collection of ancient Egyptian monuments (about 6000 items), which was collected during travels in Egypt by the St. Petersburg orientalist V.S. Golenishchev, and works Italian artists XII-XIV centuries from the collection of M.S. Shchekin. The museum finally became a collection of originals in the second half of the 1920-1930s, when an art gallery arose as a result of the redistribution of the country's museum funds. She combined the works foreign artists from the former Rumyantsev Museum, collections of S.M. Tretyakov, Yusupov, Shuvalovs, G.A. Brocard, D.I. Shchukin and other collectors. These were paintings by Dutch and German masters, Flemish and Spanish painters XVII century, Italian artists of the XIII-XVII centuries, French authors of the XIX century. However, it is crucial for the formation art gallery received income from State Hermitage. From there "came" to Moscow the work of major European painters - Botticelli, Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens, Poussin, Murillo, Canaletto.

In 1932, the Museum of Fine Arts was renamed the Museum of Fine Arts, in 1937 it was assigned to them. A.S. Pushkin. The appearance of the museum's art gallery was finally determined in 1948, when it was replenished with works by artists, mainly French, late XIX-early 20th century (286 units) from the collection former Museum new Western art in Moscow. These were paintings by E. Manet, C. Monet, Renoir, Degas, Pissarro, Sisley, Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Matisse, Marquet, Rouault, Picasso and others, bought at one time by Russian collectors S.I. Shchukin and I.A. Morozov. Within the framework of the art gallery, a significant collection of genuine Western European sculpture and applied arts

Pushkin Museum (Moscow, Russia) - expositions, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.

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By exposure State Museum Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin, you can easily study the entire history of world art, from ancient times to the present. IN exhibition halls museum has a rich collection of originals and copies of ancient mummies, antique statues, paintings by Rubens and Picasso, life-size equestrian statues^ of ancient weapons and much, much more.

The Pushkin Museum of Art is also popular venue for temporary exhibitions, both Russian and foreign. In 2012, the museum turned 100 years old, and on this occasion it was overhauled, so that the most diverse cultural events on its territory now accepts even more actively than before.

exposition

The management of the construction was entrusted to the architect R.I. Klein, who developed the final design of the building. The Board of Moscow State University arranged for Klein a long business trip to European museums, Egypt and Greece. Klein was assisted in the construction by engineers Ivan Rerberg, the first deputy head of the project, and Vladimir Shukhov, the author of the unique translucent ceilings of the museum. Dozens of young architects, engineers and artists passed through the Klein school during the construction of the museum.

The building was completed in rough draft in 1904. Exhibits (gypsum casts and other copies) were ordered from the 1890s in foreign workshops according to forms taken directly from the originals; in some cases copies were made for the first time. On May 31 (June 13), 1912, the museum was opened to the public as the Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III at the Imperial Moscow University.

In 1923 the Museum was withdrawn from the subordination of the university. In 1932 it was renamed the State Museum of Fine Arts. In 1937 the Museum was named after Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. In 1991, the Museum was included in the State Code of Particularly Valuable Objects. cultural heritage peoples of the Russian Federation.

The founder and first director of the Museum in 1911-1913 was Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (1847-1913), professor at Moscow University. Irina Aleksandrovna Antonova, Academician Russian Academy Arts, Academician of the Russian Academy of Education, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation was the director of the museum from 1961 to July 2013, when she was appointed President of the museum. At present, the director of the Pushkin Museum im. A.S. Pushkin is Marina Devovna Loshak.

Collections of the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin are presented in museum complex buildings.

The Center for Aesthetic Education of Children and Youth "Museion" operates at the Museum (Kolymazhny per., 6).

Composition of the Museum's collections

Currently total strength monuments stored in the Pushkin Museum is about 670,000 items. These are paintings, graphic works, sculptures, works of applied art, archaeological sites, monuments of numismatics, photographs, memorial objects, objects of the scientific auxiliary fund.

In 2011, the Museum's collection was replenished with significant works painting, graphics, numismatics, arts and crafts. The total number of entries is 3471 items. Of these, 787 items were bought, 550 items were accepted as donations, and 2134 items were accepted by decision of the Expert Fund Procurement Commission.

The picturesque collection of the Museum was replenished with 8 works; sculptural - one; collection of arts and crafts - 28 works; graphic collection - 118 works; collection of the Museum of Private Collections - 433 works, including paintings, drawings and photographs; the numismatic collection included 1790 items; also the collection of the Museum was replenished with a complex of objects of archeology total number 1093 items.

Fund of the Pushkin Museum im. A.S. Pushkin in 2011, the Museum was donated a rare monument to the early Dutch painting(XVI century): double-sided altar door with scenes from The Last Supper and the Mass of St. Gregory"; the work stylistically gravitates towards the production of the workshop of the Brussels painter Colaine de Cauter.

Valentina Andrianovna Tsirnyuk donated to the Museum a complex of works, among which the sculptural group "The Artist and the Model" should be singled out. Italian master Emilio Fiaschi (1858-1941). This work typical of the salon art of the second half of XIX century.

The collection of arts and crafts was also supplemented by a decorative Etruscan-shaped porcelain vase with an archery scene in the Green Dog park near Brussels, created in France in the 1830s. In terms of workmanship, form and painting, it is very rare for Russian museum and private collections. The vase was purchased by the Museum at the expense of the RF Ministry of Culture.

Another piece of arts and crafts included in the Museum's collection in 2011 is a bone relief with portrait of a woman- the work of the Austrian sculptor and bone carver Norbert Michael Schroedl (1816-1890). He is best known as the author portrait images members of the imperial family and prominent contemporaries created in the technique of carving on ivory. According to a number of signs, it can be assumed that the image on this item is a portrait of the Empress of Austria and Queen Elizabeth of Hungary (1837-1898). The art of carved bone of the 19th century in the museum collection is represented only by individual samples, and therefore this item occupies an important place in it.

The graphic collection of the Museum includes 25 works of German graphics, including works by Lucas Cranach, Urs Graf, Hans Beham, Hans Burgkmair and other masters of the era of Albrecht Dürer, which are of undoubted value for the collection of the Pushkin Museum.

Of great value is the collection acquired by the Museum, consisting of 721 oriental coins, of which 33 are silver and 688 are bronze. The collection was collected in Turkmenistan and includes coins that circulated in the oasis of Merv from the 3rd century BC. until the end of the 19th century. It is unique because it includes rare coins of antiquity and early medieval, as well as samples of little-known issues of Merv coinage. The collection was accepted for temporary storage in December 2000 and, after a long careful work of Russian specialists, finally entered the Museum's collection.

Them. Pushkin in Moscow If you have never been there, it is a pity, because. this is one of the most interesting places capital Cities! Today, the expositions of the Pushkin Museum are on a par with the collections of such titans of world cultural heritage as the Louvre or the Hermitage.

A bit of history

And it all began in 1898, on August 17. Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin was founded on that distant summer day. It was intended primarily to disseminate and popularize knowledge in the field of arts among the general Russian public, as well as for students studying sculpture. I must say that the museum project was worked on by the most educated people that time. The money for the construction (most of it) was donated by the Russian well-known philanthropist Yu.S. Nechaev-Maltsev. The project of the building itself was developed by the talented architect R.I. Klein. Before embarking on a responsible task, Klein studied the museums of Egypt and Greece for a long time, as well as the European experience.

When the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts was being built, Klein was assisted by engineers Vladimir Shukhov and Ivan Rerberg. The first was the author of the original translucent ceilings of the main museum building, and the second was the deputy project manager. For the construction of the complex, Klein was awarded the high title of Academician of Architecture.

Amazing architectural style

Take a close look at the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the photo of which is presented below, and you can see that it is very similar to ancient temple(Greek) from antiquity, towering among dense trees. Like ancient religious buildings, the building stands on a high stone podium and is surrounded by majestic Ionic columns.

Reproduces the exact proportions of the columns of the portico on the Greek Acropolis. However, by architectural style Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin is close to classicism. But that's just outside. Entering inside, visitors find themselves in spacious rooms filled with light, access to which is provided by a glass dome. Such an unusual ceiling already testifies to neoclassicism. By the way, when the museum was being built, electric lighting was not provided for in the project at all. It was believed that sculptural compositions best seen in natural light.

Collections

An interesting fact is that the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts until October revolution, which hit Russia in 1917, was exclusively a museum of sculpture. Skillfully made copies of ancient mosaics and statues were exhibited here. At that time, the originals were represented only by exhibits from the collections of the Egyptologist Golenishchev.

But after the October Revolution museum expositions replenished with paintings confiscated from private collections of the Russian aristocracy and nationalized by the Bolsheviks. So, for example, the famous (Picasso Pablo) and (Dutch Van Gogh) came to the Pushkin Museum from the collections of the merchant Morozov.

Today, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts proudly presents its visitors with the richest collection french impressionism and post-impressionism. Here we can enjoy the paintings of Camille Pizarro, Arnie Matisse, Auguste Renoir, Pablo Picasso, Paul Cezanne, Sisley, Edgar Degas, Toulouse Lautrec, as well as the unique Van Gogh and other great painters.

Also in the Pushkin Museum you can see Italian painting 18-20 centuries, Japanese and British engravings, copies of masterpieces of ancient art, including a huge sculpture of David by Michelangelo, and much more. Total Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin keeps 700 thousand exhibits, and almost one and a half million people visit it every year.

Events and events held within the walls of the museum

Thursdays at evening time and on Friday afternoons in the museum for all comers are held interesting activities titled "Conversations on Art". Lectures are devoted to all the main sections of the exposition, as well as various seasonal exhibitions that are regularly held in this cultural center.

Since 2012, the Pushkin Museum has been annually participating in the All-Russian cultural event "Night of Museums". The exquisite musical "Evenings of Svyatoslav Richter" have also become a tradition - international festival Music, held under the arches of the Pushkin Museum every year in December.

Note to tourists

If you are planning to visit the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts for the first time in your life, do not confuse it with another Moscow museum named after the great Russian poet, which is located on Prechistenka. The main building of the Pushkin Museum is located on Volkhonka at number 12.

Tourists need to know that in the Pushkin Museum it is not allowed to smoke, use cellular communications (this is bad manners), touch museum exhibits, take pictures with a flash, bring flowers into the halls, and eat outside the cafe area. Bags and large umbrellas should be left in the storage room.