Literary Museum Pushkin House. Literary Museum of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences ("Pushkin House") (Russia)

The beautiful old building, now occupied by the Institute of Russian Literature, was built according to the project of I.F. Lukini on the Makarov embankment for the St. Petersburg port customs in 1832. Initially in preparation solemn events, anniversary since the birth of A.S. Pushkin, it was planned to erect only a monument. However, over time, on the initiative of the Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, the idea arose to create a museum - the Pushkin House - which was opened in 1905.

Since 1995, the Pushkin House has been included in the list of especially significant objects cultural heritage. Employees and directors of the Pushkin House (and among them were N.A. Kotlyarevsky, M. Gorky, A.V. Lunacharsky, P.I. Lebedev-Polyansky and others) according to the concept of the Museum as a collection of collections of materials (both documentary and artistic), having a close connection with Russian literature and its history, fruitfully worked on collecting, storing and studying materials on Russian literature. As a result, today the Pushkin House keeps the richest archive, one of the largest in the world.

More than 120 thousand titles of documentary, visual, historical materials that are directly related to Russian literature of the period of the 18th-20th centuries: rare copies handwritten books and early printed literature, portraits of writers, rare photos, copyright illustrations for works, art objects that era, personal belongings, death masks, relics and household items. Since its inception, the Literary Museum's funds have been formed through donations by private individuals and purchases of famous collections. Many exhibits were transferred from the personal collection of A.F. Onegin-Otto, founder Pushkin Museum(Paris).

personal correspondence, literary archive, a collection of autographs bequeathed to the museum by Prince Konstantin Konstantinovich; The museum keeps relics of the Vyazemsky, Vrevsky, Arapov, Pletnev, Longinov, Raevsky families. Priceless materials were donated by the Department of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences and the Society of the Tolstoy Museum. The Alexander Lyceum (where A.S. Pushkin studied) donated the collection of the Pushkin Museum, and the Nikolaev Cavalry School (the place of study of M.Yu. Lermontov) - the Lermontov Museum. Museum funds have been substantially replenished due to the memorial heritage of prominent representatives Russian society- Ya.P. Polonsky, S.S. Abamelek-Lazareva, A.F. Koni, N.N. Wrangel.

Over time, the activities of the Pushkin House became more and more multifaceted - other literary museums appeared from its depths: the N.A. Nekrasov, All-Union Museum of A.S. Pushkin (with its branches), A.A. Blok, Museum of F.M. Dostoevsky and G. Uspensky. In addition, the museum organizes personal literary exhibitions dedicated to N.A. Nekrasov, F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev. It should be noted that the collection of the Tolstoy collection is a whole independent museum. In fact, the expositions of the Pushkin House level the absence in St. Petersburg memorial museums famous writers- Gogol, Lermontov, Tolstoy.

Exhibitions dedicated to significant dates are held in the premises of the Pushkin House Russian literature, as well as the following main thematic halls: "Russian literature of the period of the first half of XIX century"; "The life and work of the poet M.Yu. Lermontov"; "Russian literature of the period of the 2nd half of the XIX century"; "The life and work of the writer L.N. Tolstoy"; "History of Russian Literature: Silver Age".

Makarova emb., 4

The Customs building is located on the Makarov embankment next to the spit of Vasilyevsky Island, where, according to the plans of the early 18th century, the main square of St. Petersburg was to be created. Then they began to distribute plots to rich and noble people here. The Lopukhin family, the vice-governor of St. Petersburg S.F. Klokachev, and the Moscow governor K.A. Naryshkin built their mansions on this territory. The place of the latter was later occupied by the city hall.

Customs services were located on the spit of Vasilyevsky Island in the 1730s, after the order of Empress Anna Ioannovna to transfer them here from the City Island. This transfer was due to the resettlement of the commercial port on the banks of the Malaya Neva. Customs housed in former home K. A. Naryshkina.

IN early XIX century, the old building ceased to meet the needs of the Customs, it was decided to build a new one. In May 1824, a Commission for the construction of new customs buildings in St. Petersburg and Kronstadt was created, which dealt with this issue. The project of the new building of the Customs was made by the architect I.F. Lukini, who simultaneously erected the neighboring Northern and Southern warehouses at the same time as the Customs. The construction was supervised by the Minister of Finance A.F. Kankrin. During the presentation of the project to the emperor, Nicholas I made his own changes to it. He ordered to raise the tower and the dome to monitor the arriving ships and organize an optical telegraph here.

The Customs building was laid on August 30, 1829, construction was completed on September 8, 1832 by raising the flag on the flagpole. Three copper statues were installed at the corners of the pediment: Mercury, Neptune and Ceres (ancient Roman gods - patrons of trade, navigation and fertility). They were made at the Alexander plant. A clock was installed in the pediment. The tower of the Customs building completed the symmetrical composition of the arrow of Vasilevsky Island, it is located on the opposite side of the tower of the Kunstkamera building.

In 1885, the port moved from the Makarov Embankment to Gutuevsky Island. Customs services also recovered there, their place was taken by residential apartments. In 1903, the former building of the Customs was reconstructed according to the project of the architect N. A. Gakkel. The work was carried out for the needs of the Excise Department, the Provincial Treasury and other institutions of the Ministry of Finance. Apparently, it was then that the clock was dismantled from the facade. From 1906 to 1917, a small part of the building was again used by the customs department.

After 1917, in the Customs building, the first two floors were occupied by various institutions, and the third floor was made residential. For some time it housed Tsentrspirt.

Since 1927, the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences ("Pushkin House") and Literary Museum. In 1999, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of A. S. Pushkin, a bust was erected in front of the main entrance famous poet. The monument was created 100 years before this event by the sculptor I. N. Schroeder. In the yard of CJSC "Akademstroy" built a storage building.

At the address Makarov Embankment, 4 (Vasilyevsky Island), metro station Vasilyevoostrovskaya.

Working hours: Monday-Friday, from 11.00 to 16.00

Phones: 328-05-02 and 328-19-01, ext.161

The Pushkin House Literary Museum is the first and largest national general literary museum. The museum stores more than 200 thousand items of fine, documentary and historical materials related to the Russian Literature XVIII-XX centuries The permanent exposition of the Museum includes materials on the history of Russian literature and culture XVIII- the beginning of the XX century.

This is where the original is stored. famous poem, which was written by Tyutchev F.I. in 1866 on a piece of paper.

Historical reference

The Literary Museum is a subdivision of the Institute of Russian Literature ( Pushkin House) Russian Academy Sciences, which is a scientific institution in the system of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Pushkin House was founded on December 15, 1905 on the initiative of a number of Russian cultural figures. One of the initiators of the Pushkin House was Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov (grandson of Emperor Nicholas I). In 1899, the Commission for the preparation of the celebration of the centenary of the birth of A. S. Pushkin was created at the Academy of Sciences, which initially planned to erect a monument to the poet, but gradually the idea was transformed into the creation of a museum. The main fund of the Pushkin House was collected by B. L. Modzalevsky. He also owned the draft "Regulations on the Pushkin House", approved by Emperor Nicholas II in 1907. In April 1906, government funds were allocated for the purchase of the Pushkin Library, and it was transferred to the Pushkin House, becoming the beginning huge collection books, manuscripts and items associated with the name of the great Russian poet. A significant part of the collection was acquired from the Paris Museum-collection of A. F. Onegin (Otto). Onegin's collection was acquired by the Imperial Academy of Sciences on May 15, 1909, but remained in the lifetime use of the Parisian collector. In 1922, the collection of the Pushkin House was replenished with family relics and documents kept in the Hannibal family, they were transferred to the museum by Pushkin's second cousin, Anna Hannibal. In 1925 Onegin died, and in 1928 his collection was also transferred to the Pushkin House. Since 1995, Pushkin House has been included in the State Register of Especially Valuable Cultural Heritage Objects.

Images

	Literary Museum of the Pushkin House	Hall dedicated to Leo Tolstoy	Boots made by Leo Tolstoy

Tolstoy plows, Klodt, 1889	Gogol's armchair