Literary archive. Need help learning a topic? An electronic catalog has already been compiled for all your funds

If you are interested creative search or details of the biographies of artists, musicians, architects and other cultural figures, if you want to work with diaries, unique photographs or drawings, then your path lies at the address: Vyborgskaya Street, Building 3, Building 2. Initially, the archive was created as a literary archive. In 1941, the collections of the State literary museum, as well as some materials from Tretyakov Gallery, Historical Museum, archive October revolution and other museums and private archives related to art and literature.

Seven years later, it was renamed the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of the USSR, and after 1992 the first word in the name was changed to "Russian". No wonder that literary part the largest archive.

Among its treasures is the most ancient document - handwritten book XIV century "Passover Haggadah" with a description of the ritual of the Passover Seder in Hebrew. Other ancient works date from the 16th-17th centuries. It also contains materials about the life and work of remarkable figures of Russian culture - from Pushkin and Lermontov to Rozanov and Solzhenitsyn.

Of particular value is the Ostafyevsky Archive, which stores documents of several generations of the Vyazemsky family. It contains manuscripts of Prince Peter Vyazemsky, a friend of Pushkin, autographs of prominent figures - from Peter I and Empress Catherine II to English poet George Byron and French writer Honore de Balzac. A part of Dostoevsky's archive is kept in RGALI. Thanks to him, you can imagine how they were created classical works Russian literature "Crime and Punishment", "Idiot" and "Teenager". silver Age represented by the creative heritage of Blok, Akhmatova, Yesenin, Mayakovsky, Pasternak, as well as Bunin, Andreev and others prominent writers and poets. Many documents from the literary archives of the period for a long time were classified. They became available to researchers and the general public in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Often these materials were either brought from abroad, or once taken out of general storage for their "anti-Soviet orientation."

An equally rich collection of documents kept at the RGALI relates to the history of the Russian theatre. Here you will find the archives of the Moscow Office of the Imperial Theaters and the Russian Theater Society; personal archives of Meyerhold and Yablochkina, Sobinov and Petipa. In addition to photographs depicting scenes from various productions, you can see sketches of scenery and costumes, director's scripts for plays, read directors' notes about performances and rehearsals, or notes that reveal the actor's vision. The peculiarity of the RGALI is that it combines the functions of a museum and an archive. There is a huge amount of pictorial material stored in the funds - paintings, photographs, posters, graphics, etc.

Special Collections

There is one more nuance. At one time, many artists were forbidden to exhibit in museum halls for ideological and political reasons. In the archive, their works have been saved and preserved for posterity. Thus, for example, the creations of Russian avant-garde artists survived.

The RGALI has a priceless collection of Vladimir Tatlin and Alexei Kruchenykh, works by such avant-garde masters as Lyubov Popova, Nadezhda Udaltsova, architects brothers Alexander and Viktor Vesnin. Due to personal archives, the collection of graphics and posters has been replenished, for example, here you can see 400 original posters of Mayakovsky. Graphics came here when the archive was created from scattered collections of book publishers and editorial offices of art magazines. At the same time, the Tretyakov Gallery handed over the documents stored in its funds to the VKHUTEMAS workshop - VKHUTEIN, Russian Academy art, as well as personal archives of some artists. In the future, the graphic department of the archive was replenished due to various receipts. For example, thanks to the art critic and collector Ilya Zilberstein, here you can look at Benois' watercolors, Dobuzhinsky's theatrical sketches, drawings by Korovin, Lifar, Remizov.

Of the cinema figures, Yakov Protazanov and Ivan Mozzhukhin, Mikhail Romm and Lev Kuleshov, Dziga Vertov and Roman Karmen left their legacy to the archive. The undoubted decoration of the collection is five thousand drawings by director Sergei Eisenstein. The music collection and the collection of film and photo documents are extremely rich (for example, one of the best collections of Russian photography is kept here). A unique collection of personal belongings and objects belonging to prominent figures of culture and art. Among them are Marina Tsvetaeva's pear chest, her silver ring and inkwell, and in the archive of Nikolai Berdyaev - a purse and wallet, a watch and a cigarette case.

Relatives of the poet Konstantin Simonov transferred the entire interior of his office for storage in the archive. RGALI regularly arranges exhibitions, conducts a large educational and research work. His collection is constantly growing.

But the most important task of the employees is the creation of an electronic database of documents, dreaming of competing with the world's leading archives not only in the amount of funds, but also in new technologies. Perhaps soon, thanks to this innovation, we will be able to read Lermontov's diaries or study Mussorgsky's rare score without leaving home.

Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI)

The Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI) is the largest repository in Russia, which contains the richest materials on history domestic literature, music, theater, cinema, visual arts, architecture

The locomotive in the matter of collecting, storing and using documents of literature and art is the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art. This is one of the few archives in the country, which is well known not only to archivists. RGALI has earned itself fame among a wide readership: numerous collections prepared on the basis of materials from this archive are distributed throughout the country. Know the archive and abroad. He is rightfully considered cultural center attracting figures of literature, art, science.

History of RGALI organization

The archive was founded in 1941, partly on the basis of the collection of the State Literary Museum - the State Literary Museum (GLM) - as the Central State Literary Archive (TSLLA). The specialized funds from the Central State Academy of Architecture and Architecture of the USSR, the State Historical Museum, the Central State Academic Art Gallery, the State Tretyakov Gallery and other archives were also transferred here.

March 29, 1941 is considered the birthday of the archive. On this day, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution providing for the organization by July 1, 1941 in Moscow of the Central State Literary Archive (TsGLA) to store the literary funds of state archives and relevant documentary materials of museums, libraries, scientific and research institutes and other institutions. The appearance of the new archive was welcomed and supported by cultural figures and the public.

However, the widely conceived concentration in it of handwritten materials of historical literary character prevented the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. She brought to the fore the task of rescuing materials that are urgently taken out first to Saratov, and then to Shadrinsk and Barnaul.

Nevertheless, in addition to the materials of the State Literary Museum, which formed the basis of the new archive, already in the first year of the war, the funds of the Aksakov family, historians N.P. Barsukov and N.I. Veselovsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, publisher A.S. Suvorin. From the Moscow Regional Archive - materials of the Moscow office imperial theaters, Press Committee; from the Central State Historical Archive in Moscow - N.P. Ogareva, A.N. Ostrovsky.

Funds public institutions replenished with the archives of editorial offices and publishing houses handed over in those years (“ Literary newspaper”, “Detizdat”, “Art”, “Muzgiz”), magazines “October” and “Znamya”. The Tretyakov Gallery received documents from the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, artistic circle"Sreda" and other associations, as well as handwritten materials by artists I.K. Aivazovsky, A.G. Venetsianova, I.N. Kramskoy. Separate documents of P.I. were transferred from the Historical Museum. Tchaikovsky, poet N.M. Yazykov, from the Muranovo estate near Moscow - archives of poets E.A. Baratynsky and F.I. Tyutchev, from the Saratov House-Museum of N.G. Chernyshevsky - archive of N.G. Chernyshevsky, from Poltava - materials of V.G. Korolenko, from Kyiv - N.V. Gogol and others.

Intensively replenishing with documents on the history of Russian literature and art, located in institutions, the archive at the same time took energetic measures to save and preserve the archives Soviet writers and poets. On July 24, 1941, at the suggestion of the TsGLA, the leadership of the Main Archive sent a letter to the chairman of the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR A.A. Fadeev, which, in particular, said: “The Main Archive Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR asks you to notify popular writers and poets, that in order to ensure the safety archival materials The CGLA can accept for permanent or temporary storage the personal archives of the members of your organization.” Thanks to this initiative, the materials of K.I. Chukovsky, K.G. Paustovsky and some others.

Along with the acquisition in these difficult first years of the formation of the archive, other necessary work: checking the availability and status of documents, their description and use. At the cost of great effort, and sometimes mistakes due to lack of experience, methods of funding and scientific description funds of personal origin, compiling a scientific reference apparatus, keeping records. The scientific council of the archive involved famous writers, literary critics and art historians. They took part in resolving questions about the profile and principles of completing the archive, preparing a guidebook, and reviewing the first plan of scientific and publishing activities. In 1943, the first structure of the archive was approved, consisting of four departments:

literary funds,

art foundations,

scientific publishing,

scientific reference literature (libraries).

By the beginning of the 1950s, the archive had become stronger organizationally and in terms of personnel, and acquired a certain scientific and methodological experience. The first collections of documents were published, dedicated to creativity Chekhov, Repin, Rimsky-Korsakov, as well as inventories of individual funds. In 1951, the first guide to the archive appeared. From the very beginning of its existence, the archive was widely completed not only with literary materials, but also accepted entire funds and individual documents of art institutions, as well as personal archives of actors, composers, and artists. Therefore, in 1954, in accordance with the actual content of its materials, it was renamed and became known as the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of the USSR.

By the end of the 60s, the circle of state institutions and public organizations, the materials of which it is completed. Active work was launched to identify and obtain documents from private archives. As a result of these efforts, foundations of outstanding cultural figures have already been created at TsGALI. Soviet era: ON THE. Ostrovsky, V.E. Meyerhold, S.S. Prokofiev, I.I. Brodsky, K.S. Petrova-Vodkina, S.M. Eisenstein and many others. A new direction in the acquisition of TsGALI was the receipt of materials from abroad on the history of Russian culture. The work widely deployed in this direction made it possible to receive: from England - 30 letters from S.M. Stepnyak-Kravchinsky; from the USA - autographs of S.A. Yesenin, materials about L.N. Tolstoy, from Yugoslavia - letters from I.E. Repin.

In 1992 it was renamed into RGALI. In April 1997, the archive was included in the State Code of Particularly Valuable Objects cultural heritage peoples Russian Federation. By decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 2, 1997, the RGALI was included, along with the State Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, the State Archives of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Military Historical Archives, the Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts, etc., to the State Code of Especially Valuable Objects of Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation.

In its 3012 funds there are more than 1 million 300 thousand storage units of the 18th-21st centuries, individual documents - the 14th, 16th, and 17th centuries; funds of institutions - 351 ff.; personal funds - 2677 ff.; microfilms - about 6,000,000 frames. 1 f., microforms. Therefore, any list will be incomplete, we will name only a few. Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI). [ Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.rgali.ru. Title from the screen.

Most ancient spring- Passover Haggadah of the XIV century. - a handwritten book containing a presentation of the ritual of the Passover Seder and fragments of biblical texts read on it historical legends and prayers in Hebrew, decorated with micrography of the 15th-16th centuries.

The main feature of the RGALI documentary base is a unique information set in which the personal funds of writers, composers, artists, actors, directors and other prominent artists (2664 funds) are combined with a variety of management documentation of the Institute of Cultural Management, creative unions, public organizations (348 funds) . There.

The archive contains numerous documents of organs government controlled in the field of culture of the Soviet period: the Ministry of Culture of the USSR, the Committee for Arts, the Committee for Cinematography, the Union of Architects (writers, composers), and other organizations.

Documents of state institutions and public organizations for the pre-revolutionary period are represented by funds, first of all, public and cultural associations and societies, such as the Society of Amateurs Russian literature(1811-1930), the Society for Assistance to Needy Writers and Scientists (Literary Fund, 1859-1922), as well as funds for the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines "Russian Messenger", "Delo", " Russian wealth”, “Contemporary”, etc.

Russian theatrical art is reflected in the funds of the Moscow Office of the Imperial Theaters and the Russian Theater Society. Documents on the history of fine arts were deposited in the funds of the Moscow Society of Art Lovers, the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, and the Tretyakov Gallery.

The history of the development of culture and art of the Soviet period is captured in the funds of administrative bodies in the field of culture - the Committees for Arts under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (1936-1953) and the RSFSR (1938-1953), the Main Directorate for Affairs fiction and art of the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR (Glaviskusstvo, 1925-1928), the Ministry of Culture of the USSR and its departments (1953-1991), as well as sectoral governments certain types art - Committee for Cinematography of the USSR, Directorate art exhibitions and panoramas, the State Association of Musical, Variety and Circus Enterprises, etc.

Cultural, educational, literary and artistic non-governmental organizations in the field of literature are represented by the funds of Proletkult (1917-1932) and the All-Russian Society of Proletarian Writers "Forge" (1920-1932), the Union of Writers of the USSR (1932-1991) and its predecessors - literary associations and circles , literary publishing houses. Similar creative organizations are represented by the foundations of the All-Russian Theater Society, the Union of Composers of the USSR (1934-1991) and the RSFSR (1957-1991), the Unions of Artists (1957-1991), architects (1932-1991), cinematographers (1965-1991) of the USSR.

The archive stores numerous funds of scientific institutions in the field of art under the Ministry of imperial court, such as the Academy of Arts (1757-1918), the Institute of Art History, as well as funds of specialized higher educational institutions: theater schools and the State Institute theatrical art(GITIS, c 1879), Moscow State Conservatory. P.I. Tchaikovsky and the Higher State Artistic and Technical Institute (VKHUTEIN, 1926-1930), the All-Union state institution cinematography (VGIK), etc. A significant part of the funds is represented creative organizations such as film studios, theaters, circuses, ensembles, choirs and orchestras, museums, permanent and traveling exhibitions, and publishing houses and editorial offices of magazines and newspapers.

The documentation of these institutions can be divided into three groups: The Federal Archival Service of Russia: Quick Reference. Russian State Archive of Literature and Art: Guide / Ed. E.V. Bronnikova, T.L. Latypova. - M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. - 695 p.

Management, reflecting the administrative functions of the institution. Among the management documentation are documents of a general nature - reports, certificates, reports to higher authorities;

By personnel, including information about the life and work of creative workers. Personal files, as a rule, continue to be kept in the collection of a particular department or institution. RGALI receives personal files containing information about creative activity, which is reflected in questionnaires, autobiographies, personal documents;

Directly creative, associated with the creation of cultural values.

Approximately half of them are materials of a literary profile; the other half is in all other arts (theatre, ballet, music, cinema, sculpture, architecture, and visual arts). There.

The largest fund available in the archive, the family archive of three generations of the princes of the Vyazemsky princes Vyazemsky, is the so-called "Ostafevsky archive" from the village of Ostafyevo, Moscow province, which includes a lot of documents on the history of literature of the first half of XIX V. Documentation this fund allow you to get an idea of many processes in Russian literature of the first half of the nineteenth century.

His documents reflect public and literary processes, life and work of many writers of that time: the correspondence of many Russian writers is quite widely represented in the archive: G.R. Derzhavin, P.Ya. Chaadaeva, A.S. Griboedova, N.V. Gogol and other writers. Literature of the early 19th century. represented by the materials of classical writers A.S. Griboedova, N.M. Karamzin, V.A. Zhukovsky.

The archive contains a large part creative heritage F.M. Dostoevsky, I.A. Goncharova, N.A. Nekrasov, I.S. Turgenev, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Dramaturgy of the 19th - early 20th centuries is reflected in the materials of A.N. Ostrovsky, A.V. Sukhovo-Kobylin, A.F. Pisemsky, A.P. Chekhov. Of great value is a significant part of the archive of F.M. Dostoevsky, containing his notebooks With early versions novels "Crime and Punishment", "Idiot", "Teenager"; epistolary heritage of the writer.

The "Silver Age" of Russian literature is represented by the funds of A.A. Akhmatova, A.A. Blok, M.I. Tsvetaeva, L.N. Andreeva, I.A. Bunina, A.I. Kuprin. In the funds of S.A. Yesenina, V.V. Mayakovsky, O.E. Mandelstam, F.V. Gladkova, A.S. Grina, Yu.K. Oleshi, K.G. Paustovsky, B.L. Pasternak, Yu.N. Tynyanov, A.A. Fadeeva, I.P. Ehrenburg, and many other writers, the history of Soviet literature(XX century).

Documents on the history of Russian music are contained in the funds of P.I. Tchaikovsky, S.I. Taneeva, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, S.S. Prokofiev, R.M. Gliera, V.Ya. Shebalina, D.B. Kabalevsky, N.Ya. Myaskovsky, I.O. Dunayevsky, D.D. Shostakovich, in the funds of the Moscow State Conservatory. P.I. Tchaikovsky (2727 items), the State Musical and Pedagogical School. Gnesins (1280 items), the State Musical Publishing House (4614 items), the magazine " Soviet music” (2355 items), etc. Another feature of the RGALI collection is its museum component: the third part of the collection is visual materials (paintings, graphics, photographs, etc.).

Russian theatrical art various directions and stages of development are reflected in the funds of actors and directors A.I. Yuzhina, V.E. Meyerhold, M.G. Savina, E.D. Turchaninova, A.A. Yablochkina, L.V. Sobinova, A.A. Gorsky, M.I. Petipa, as well as in the funds of the Moscow Office of the Imperial Theaters (10280 items), the Society of Dramatic Writers and Composers (2951 items), Central House art workers (6630 items), the Chamber Theater (1129 items). The specificity of theatrical art, when the performance of each role, each production is unique, unrepeatable creative act, gives especially great value for theatrical research and construction materials such as director's copies of plays, sketches of scenery and costumes, photographs of actors in roles and scenes from performances.

The archive also has special collections dedicated to outstanding cultural figures, whose personal funds are stored in other places (for example, the collections of A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy). Documents of personal origin famous figures literature and art can be found in numerous personal collections (D.I. Evarnitsky [Yavornitsky], F.F. Fidler, E.F. Tsippelzon, L.N. Rabinovich, Ya.N. Tarnopolsky, Yu.G. Oksman, etc. .).

The traditional difference in the formation of museum and archival collections predetermined the nature of their collections: works of fine art are kept in museums, documentary heritage - in archives. However real life much richer than rules and schemes, and imprinted in personal archival funds figures of culture and art, often violates these schemes and rules. That is why the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, along with the manuscript and epistolary heritage, contains works of painting and graphics of the 19th and 20th centuries. Another reason for this seeming incident is that at one time the archives served as a reliable shelter for the works of those artists who did not belong to the "official art", were not recognized by the authorities, or were simply destroyed by this authority.

The vast majority of such artists are representatives of the Russian avant-garde. It is their works that make up the vast majority of the "pictorial" funds of the RGALI. Russian humanitarian encyclopedic Dictionary: In 3 volumes. Volume 3: П-Я. - M.: VLADOS, 2002. - 704 p.

The circumstances under which paintings and graphic works ended up in archival storage are interesting and varied. They reflect in their own way Soviet history. So, during the formation of the RGALI in the early 1940s, the backbone of the collection was made up of materials received from the State Literary Museum, including the funds of the publishing houses Detgiz, Art, Muzgiz, etc., as well as editorial offices of art magazines. At the same time, in 1941, a part of the collection of the museum of V.V. Mayakovsky, including the poet's drawings and stencils of the "growth windows". Documents of the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, the State Artistic and Technical Workshops (Vkhutemas-Vkhutein), the Russian Academy art sciences, the Moscow Society of Art Lovers, as well as a variety of materials from artists A.G. Venetsianova, I.N. Kramskoy, I.K. Aivazovsky, I.S. Ostroukhova and others. Thus, the foundation of the archive's art collection was laid.

At the same time, personal funds of artists began to form in the archive - the most complete complex, which stores numerous works of art: drawings and sketches, engravings and etchings, sketches and sketches by V.M. Vasnetsova, I.E. Repin, V.K. Byalynitsky-Biruli, B.M. Kustodieva, M.V. Nesterova, S.Yu. Sudeikina, A.N. Benois, M.V. Dobuzhinsky, N.K. Roerich, K.S. Petrova-Vodkina, E.G. Guro, M.V. Le Dantu, L.M. Lissitzky, V.E. Tatlin and others. The collection of posters was replenished at the expense of personal funds - this part of the RGALI collection is unique in terms of the completeness of the collection and has about one thousand two hundred posters, including over four hundred originals by V.V. Mayakovsky, V.V. Lebedeva, M.M. Cheremnykha, D.S. Moora, V.N. Denis, photomontage L.M. Lissitzky, G.G. Klutsis, S.Ya. Senkin.

rich pictorial material and funds of cinema figures - Ya.A. Protazanova, I.I. Mozzhukhin, V.I. Pudovkina, M.I. Romma, L.V. Kuleshova, Dz. Vertova, R.L. Carmen. More than five thousand drawings by S.M. Eisenstein are stored in the RGALI.

In the 1960s, RGALI acquired the most valuable archive of Yu. P. Annenkov, which included forty original drawings - theater sketches, book covers, portrait sketches. In the same way, the already mentioned archives of E.G. Guro, V.F. Khodasevich, K.S. Petrova-Vodkina, K.N. Redko, as well as A.A. Arapova, I.I. Nivinsky, P.N. Filonova, P.V. Kuznetsova and E.M. Bebutova.

A special place is occupied by the heritage of the figures of the Russian diaspora, in the return of which I.S. Zilbershtein, a well-known art critic and literary historian, a collector who devoted his life to researching and promoting Russian culture, collecting its relics, played a huge role on the part of official structures. As a result of his foreign trips collections were replenished with watercolors by A.N. Benois, sketches by M.V. Dobuzhinsky, K.A. Korovina, S.M. Lifar, A.M. Remizov.

The RGALI contains the richest collection of works by V. E. Tatlin. The fate of Tatlin's works, like his own fate, was predetermined by a categorical rejection of his "formalist" art. After the death of the artist, his legacy was almost lost: paintings and drawings were left unattended in the workshop. The situation was saved by a friend of the artist, sculptor SD Lebedeva: she turned to the archivists, and the employees of the RGALI took out Tatlin's works, thereby preserving them for posterity. The corpus of graphic works by V. E. Tatlin in the RGALI coincides chronologically with his pictorial heritage. The most valuable are two albums of sketches, mostly nudes, made in 1912-14. by the hand of not only the meter itself, but also those who visited his workshop at that time - L. S. Popova, N. A. Udaltsova, A. A. Vesnin and other artists of Tatlin's circle.

The early avant-garde in the RGALI is still a whole layer of little-known or completely unknown works E.G. Guro, K.M. Zdanevich, S.B. Nikritina, V.S. Bart, A.A. Morgunov.

The RGALI collection contains more than a hundred albums of one of the main faces of the poetic and artistic avant-garde, its collector and custodian - A.E. Kruchenykh. Easier to compose short list names that are not represented in this collection than to list the many artists, poets and writers who appear in one form or another in this uniquely illustrated history of the artistic avant-garde. Therefore, albums are perceived not only as a historical document, but also as a kind of artifact, as independent work art, where the historical document becomes aesthetic value. No less representative in the archive is the era of the birth of constructivism in the early 1920s. Suffice it to name a number of brilliant names. Among them L.M. Lissitzky with his book cover sketches, innovative photography and unique graphic proun; G.G. Klutsis and his sketches for posters, I.V. Klun with his small color compositions and book cover designs.

A special place is occupied by the legacy of the architect Ya.G. Chernikhov, consisting of many graphic creations of the second half of the 1920s. Repeating motifs on the themes of "architectural fantasies" and "machine forms", Chernikhov achieved the constructive and stylistic perfection of his compositions. Avant-garde works in the RGALI collection - from paintings to sketches - amaze with their diversity. And what is even more surprising - for all the randomness of the choice of names and the nature of the works - they illustrate the history of the avant-garde in Russia with sufficient completeness.

To date, the RGALI has collected 483 museum memorial items that belonged to N.A. Berdyaev, V.A. Solovyov, A.M. Remizov, M.I. Tsvetaeva, I.G. Ehrenburg, A.G. Koonen, K.M. Simonov, K.A. Kedrov, M.M. Plisetskaya and others. So, in the M.I. Tsvetaeva kept her pear wood chest, cornaline beads, a bamboo pen with a cap, a silver ring, a signet, a silver dish, a metal chain-necklace with pendants, a glass inkwell in a metal case. As part of the N.A. Berdyaev - a metal cigarette case, pince-nez, a leather wallet and a purse, two rings, a pocket mirror in a leather case, wooden handles, an Omega watch with a monogram. The interior of the office of K.M. was transferred to the archive. Simonov.

The documents of the editorial offices of numerous magazines and newspapers published in Russia in the period from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th centuries are preserved in the archives. Among them are such as "Russian wealth", "Sovremennik", "Speech", "Russian Vedomosti", etc. Chmykhalo A.Yu. Archival business: allowance / A.Yu. Chmykhalo. - Tomsk: TPU, 2005. - S. 33-35.

The archive materials contain collections and individual manuscripts foreign writers, public and statesmen: V. Hugo, A. Dumas, E. Zola, R. Rolland and others, contains autographs of Napoleon I, Voltaire, O. de Balzac, J. Sand, F. Liszt and others.

Many funds have rich collections graphic materials and photographs. From individual small receipts in the archive, special thematic meetings documents - albums, engravings, manuscripts, poems, letters, memoirs, diaries, photographs, folklore materials, as well as official lists of artists (about 70 collections in total). In addition, a number of archive funds contain copies of documents received from foreign archives, including from England, USA, Czechoslovakia, France, Yugoslavia.

In 1988-1993 in RGALI over 100 funds and parts of funds were declassified. Basically, these are documents of institutions, organizations and persons who were in exile or repressed in Soviet time. Among them are personal funds and documents of A.T. Averchenko, A. Bely, Z.N. Gippius, S.A. Yesenina, S.P. Melgunova, M.I. Tsvetaeva, the funds of the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines "Krasnaya Nov", "At the Literary Post", the Institute for the Study of Jewish History, Philosophy and Literature, Glavlit.

Introduction

Russian State Archive of Literature and Art: history of origin and development

Characteristics of the archival funds of the RGALI

Conclusion

Introduction

Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI) - "Archive of Muses" - the largest repository in Russia, which contains the richest materials on the history of Russian literature, music, theater, cinema, fine arts, architecture.

Location of the archive - Moscow.

The RGALI archive contains documents characterizing various historical stages in the development of literature, art, social thought both in Russia and in other countries of the world, dating from 1545 to the present.

The archive contains funds of central government bodies in the field of culture, theaters, film studios, specialized educational institutions, publishing houses, public organizations; personal funds of writers, critics, artists, composers, theater and film workers, collections of documents.

The purpose of this work is to give a description of the history of the emergence and development of RGALI, as well as briefly characterize its archival funds.

The work consists of an introduction, two chapters of the main part, a conclusion and a list of sources used.

1. Russian State Archive of Literature and Art: history of origin and development

The Russian State Archive of Literature and Art is the federal archive, which is the largest repository of documents on the history of literature, fine arts, music, theater and cinema in Russia.

The archive was created in 1941 as the Central State Literary Archive. He became a favorite and subject of special care of the state. “Never a single archival institution has received such huge funds for the purchase of manuscripts, museum valuables and entire libraries from private individuals,” recalled Irakli Andronikov. “Never in any museum have there been such a mighty stream of autographs, diaries, notebooks, albums, suitcases with letters, drafts, documents, memoirs, drawings, portraits, books.”

A significant part of the collection was made up of materials from the State Literary Museum, founded back in 1933. Also, funds were transferred here from other repositories: the Central State Archive of the October Revolution (now part of the GARF), the Central State Archive of Ancient Acts (now RGADA), the State Historical Museum, Tretyakov Gallery, etc.

In 1954, the TsGLA was renamed the Central State Archive of Literature and Art (TSGALI of the USSR), in 1992 it received its current name - the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI).

The archive contains documents characterizing various historical stages in the development of literature, art, social thought both in Russia and in other countries of the world. The chronological framework of the collected documents covers three centuries - from the 18th century. to the present day, but most of the materials date back to the 20th century. Separate documents dating back to 1545

The RGALI documents contain information about cultural life countries, about the various stages in the development of literature, art and social thought, about creative contacts between representatives of domestic and foreign culture.

Documents are stored in two main archives - funds of institutions and organizations, and funds of personal origin, which make up the bulk of the archive funds. Among them are manuscripts and personal documents of prominent Russian cultural figures, the creative heritage of Russian figures abroad; as well as documents of governing bodies, institutions and cultural organizations.

By decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 2, 1997, the RGALI was included, along with the State Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, the State Archives of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Military Historical Archives, the Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts, etc., to the State Code of Especially Valuable Objects of Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation and is responsible for the safety of documents in storage and their proper use.

The vast majority of documents stored in RGALI is of historical and cultural value.

2. Characteristics of the archival funds of the RGALI

archive literature art fund

The most ancient source is the Passover Haggadah of the 14th century. - a handwritten book containing a presentation of the ritual of the Passover Seder and fragments of biblical texts of historical legends and prayers read on it in Hebrew, decorated with micrography of the 15th-16th centuries.

The archive contains numerous documents of state administration bodies in the field of culture of the Soviet period: the USSR Ministry of Culture, the Committee for Arts, the Committee for Cinematography, the Union of Architects (writers, composers) and other organizations.

Documents of state institutions and public organizations for the pre-revolutionary period are represented by funds, first of all, of public and cultural associations and societies, such as the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature (1811-1930), the Society for Assistance to Needy Writers and Scientists (Literary Fund, 1859-1922), as well as the funds of the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines "Russkiy vestnik", "Delo", "Russian wealth", "Sovremennik" and others.

The history of the development of culture and art of the Soviet period is captured in the funds of administrative bodies in the field of culture - the Committees for Arts under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (1936-1953) and the RSFSR (1938-1953), the Main Directorate for Fiction and Art of the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR (Glaviskusstvo, 1925 -1928), the Ministry of Culture of the USSR and its departments (1953-1991), as well as industry-specific governing bodies for certain types of art - the Committee for Cinematography of the USSR, the Directorate of Art Exhibitions and Panoramas, the State Association of Musical, Variety and Circus Enterprises, etc.

Cultural, educational, literary and artistic non-governmental organizations in the field of literature are represented by the funds of Proletkult (1917-1932) and the All-Russian Society of Proletarian Writers "Forge" (1920-1932), the Union of Writers of the USSR (1932-1991) and its predecessors - literary associations and circles , literary publishers. Similar creative organizations are represented by the foundations of the All-Russian Theater Society, the Union of Composers of the USSR (1934-1991) and the RSFSR (1957-1991), the Unions of Artists (1957-1991), architects (1932-1991), cinematographers (1965-1991) of the USSR.

The archive stores numerous funds of scientific institutions in the field of art under the Ministry of the Imperial Court, such as the Academy of Arts (1757-1918), the Institute of Art History, as well as the funds of specialized higher educational institutions: theater schools and the State Institute of Theater Arts (GITIS, since 1879). ), Moscow State Conservatory. P.I. Tchaikovsky and the Higher State Institute of Art and Technology (VKhUTEIN, 1926-1930), the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK), etc. A significant part of the funds is represented by creative organizations such as film studios, theaters, circuses, ensembles, choirs and orchestras, museums, permanent and traveling exhibitions, as well as publishing houses and editorial offices of magazines and newspapers.

The documentation of these institutions can be divided into three groups:

managerial, reflecting the administrative functions of the institution. Among the management documentation are documents of a general nature - reports, certificates, reports to higher authorities;

by personnel, including information about the life and work of creative workers. Personal files, as a rule, continue to be kept in the collection of a particular department or institution. RGALI receives personal files containing information about creative activity, which is reflected in questionnaires, autobiographies, personal documents;

directly creative, connected with the creation of cultural values.

Approximately half of them are materials of a literary profile; the other half is in all other arts (theatre, ballet, music, cinema, sculpture, architecture, and visual arts).

The largest fund available in the archive, the family archive of three generations of the family of princes Vyazemsky princes Vyazemsky, is the so-called "Ostafevsky archive" from the village of Ostafyevo, Moscow province, which includes a lot of documents on the history of literature of the first half of the 19th century. The documents of this fund allow us to get an idea of many processes in Russian literature in the first half of the 19th century.

The archive contains a significant part of the creative heritage of F.M. Dostoevsky, I.A. Goncharova, N.A. Nekrasov, I.S. Turgenev, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Dramaturgy of the 19th - early 20th centuries is reflected in the materials of A.N. Ostrovsky, A.V. Sukhovo-Kobylin, A.F. Pisemsky, A.P. Chekhov. Of great value is a significant part of the archive of F.M. Dostoevsky, containing his notebooks with early versions of the novels "Crime and Punishment", "Idiot", "Teenager"; epistolary heritage of the writer.

Documents on the history of Russian music are contained in the funds of P.I. Tchaikovsky, S.I. Taneeva, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, S.S. Prokofiev, R.M. Gliera, V.Ya. Shebalina, D.B. Kabalevsky, N.Ya. Myaskovsky, I.O. Dunayevsky, D.D. Shostakovich, in the funds of the Moscow State Conservatory. P.I. Tchaikovsky (2727 items), the State Musical and Pedagogical School. Gnesins (1280 items), the State Musical Publishing House (4614 items), the magazine "Soviet Music" (2355 items), etc. Another feature of the RGALI collection is its museum component: the third part of the collection is pictorial materials (paintings, graphics, photographs, etc.).

Russian theatrical art, its various directions and stages of development are reflected in the funds of actors and directors A.I. Yuzhina, V.E. Meyerhold, M.G. Savina, E.D. Turchaninova, A.A. Yablochkina, L.V. Sobinova, A.A. Gorsky, M.I. Petipa, as well as in the funds of the Moscow Office of the Imperial Theaters (10,280 items), the Society of Dramatic Writers and Composers (2,951 items), the Central House of Artists (6,630 items), the Chamber Theater (1,129 items). .). The specificity of theatrical art, when the performance of each role, each production is a unique, inimitable creative act, makes such materials as director's copies of plays, sketches of scenery and costumes, photographs of actors in roles and scenes from performances especially valuable for theatrical research and construction.

The archive also has special collections dedicated to outstanding cultural figures, whose personal funds are stored in other places (for example, the collections of A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy). Documents of personal origin of famous figures of literature and art can be found in numerous personal collections (D.I. Evarnitsky [Yavornitsky], F.F. Fidler, E.F. Tsippelzon, L.N. Rabinovich, Ya.N. Tarnopolsky, Yu. G. Oksman and others).

The traditional difference in the formation of museum and archival collections predetermined the nature of their collections: works of fine art are kept in museums, documentary heritage - in archives. However, real life is much richer than rules and schemes, and, being imprinted in the personal archival funds of cultural and art figures, these schemes and rules are often violated. That is why the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, along with the manuscript and epistolary heritage, contains works of painting and graphics of the 19th and 20th centuries. Another reason for this seeming incident is that at one time the archives served as a reliable shelter for the works of those artists who did not belong to the "official art", were not recognized by the authorities, or were simply destroyed by this authority.

The vast majority of such artists are representatives of the Russian avant-garde. It is their works that make up the vast majority of the "pictorial" funds of the RGALI.

The circumstances under which paintings and graphic works ended up in archival storage are interesting and varied. They reflect Soviet history in their own way. So, during the formation of the RGALI in the early 1940s, the backbone of the collection was made up of materials received from the State Literary Museum, including the funds of the publishing houses Detgiz, Art, Muzgiz, etc., as well as editorial offices of art magazines. At the same time, in 1941, a part of the collection of the museum of V.V. Mayakovsky, including the poet's drawings and stencils of the "growth windows". Documents from the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, the State Art and Technical Workshops (Vkhutemas-Vkhutein), the Russian Academy of Art Sciences, the Moscow Society of Art Lovers, as well as various materials of artists A.G. Venetsianova, I.N. Kramskoy, I.K. Aivazovsky, I.S. Ostroukhova and others. Thus, the foundation of the archive's art collection was laid.

At the same time, personal funds of artists began to form in the archive - the most complete complex in which numerous works of art are stored: drawings and sketches, engravings and etchings, sketches and sketches by V.M. Vasnetsova, I.E. Repin, V.K. Byalynitsky-Biruli, B.M. Kustodieva, M.V. Nesterova, S.Yu. Sudeikina, A.N. Benois, M.V. Dobuzhinsky, N.K. Roerich, K.S. Petrova-Vodkina, E.G. Guro, M.V. Le Dantu, L.M. Lissitzky, V.E. Tatlin and others. The collection of posters was replenished at the expense of personal funds - this part of the RGALI collection is unique in terms of the completeness of the collection and has about one thousand two hundred posters, including over four hundred originals by V.V. Mayakovsky, V.V. Lebedeva, M.M. Cheremnykha, D.S. Moora, V.N. Denis, photomontage L.M. Lissitzky, G.G. Klutsis, S.Ya. Senkin.

The funds of cinema figures are also rich in pictorial material - Ya.A. Protazanova, I.I. Mozzhukhin, V.I. Pudovkina, M.I. Romma, L.V. Kuleshova, Dz. Vertova, R.L. Carmen. More than five thousand drawings by S.M. Eisenstein are stored in the RGALI.

A special place is occupied by the heritage of the figures of the Russian diaspora, in the return of which I.S. Zilbershtein, a well-known art critic and literary historian, a collector who devoted his life to researching and promoting Russian culture, collecting its relics, played a huge role on the part of official structures. As a result of his foreign trips, the collections were replenished with watercolors by A.N. Benois, sketches by M.V. Dobuzhinsky, K.A. Korovina, S.M. Lifar, A.M. Remizov.

The early avant-garde at RGALI is still a whole layer of little-known or completely unknown works by E.G. Guro, K.M. Zdanevich, S.B. Nikritina, V.S. Bart, A.A. Morgunov.

The RGALI collection contains more than a hundred albums of one of the main figures of the poetic and artistic avant-garde, its collector and custodian - A.E. Kruchenykh. It is easier to make a short list of names that are not represented in this collection than to list the many artists, poets and writers who appear in one form or another in this uniquely illustrated history of the artistic avant-garde. Therefore, albums are perceived not only as a historical document, but also as a kind of artifact, as an independent work of art, where a historical document becomes an aesthetic value. No less representative in the archive is the era of the birth of constructivism in the early 1920s. Suffice it to name a number of brilliant names. Among them L.M. Lissitzky with his book cover sketches, innovative photography and unique graphic proun; G.G. Klutsis and his sketches for posters, I.V. Kliun with his small color compositions and book cover sketches.

The archive materials contain collections and individual manuscripts of foreign writers, public and statesmen: V. Hugo, A. Dumas, E. Zola, R. Rolland and others, contain autographs of Napoleon I, Voltaire, O. de Balzac, J. Sand, F. Liszt and others.

Many funds have rich collections of graphic materials and photographs. From individual small receipts in the archive, special thematic collections of documents have been formed - albums, engravings, manuscripts, poems, letters, memoirs, diaries, photographs, folklore materials, as well as official lists of artists (about 70 collections in total). In addition, a number of archive funds contain copies of documents received from foreign archives, including those from England, the USA, Czechoslovakia, France, and Yugoslavia.

Conclusion

Thus, at present RGALI is the largest repository of documents on the history of literature, social thought, music, theater, cinema, and fine arts in Russia. Founded in 1941, partly on the basis of the collection of the State Literary Museum - Goslitmuseya (GLM) - as the Central State Literary Archive of the USSR (TSGLA). The specialized funds from the Central State Academy of Architecture and Architecture of the USSR, the State Historical Museum, the Central State Academic Art Gallery, the State Tretyakov Gallery and other archives were also transferred here. In 1954 it was renamed into the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of the USSR (TsGALI), and in June 1992 - to the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI). In April 1997, the archive was included in the State Code of Particularly Valuable Cultural Heritage Objects of the Peoples of the Russian Federation.

The archive contains documents from the 18th century. to the present day. The bulk of the archive funds are personal funds of cultural figures. The document array model includes 65% written sources and 35% fine. More than half are documents of personal origin: creative materials, correspondence, documents of a biographical nature, etc. The rest are management documentation, including, among other things, documents on personnel. RGALI also postponed various sources in history national culture: paintings and drawings, photographs, memorial objects and relics; information about the cultural life of the country, about the various stages in the development of literature, art and social thought, creative contacts between representatives of domestic and foreign culture.

List of sources used

1.Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI). [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: #"justify">2. Russian Humanitarian Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 3 volumes. Volume 3: П-Я. - M.: VLADOS, 2002. - 704 p.

.Federal Archival Service of Russia: A Brief Reference. Russian State Archive of Literature and Art: Guide / Ed. E.V. Bronnikova, T.L. Latypova. - M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. - 695 p.

.Chmykhalo A.Yu. Archival business: allowance / A.Yu. Chmykhalo. - Tomsk: TPU, 2005. - 138 p.

In addition to personal funds, RGALI has a number of funds of various institutions related to the management of culture, education in this area, etc.

There are funds for the pre-revolutionary period educational institutions(for example, the Academy of Arts - f. 647), public organizations (for example, the Russian Theater Society and the All-Russian Theater Society - f. 641 and 970), cultural institutions (for example, City art Gallery P.M. and S.M. Tretyakov - f. 646).

In general, the documents of the pre-revolutionary period on cultural institutions in RGALI are not too numerous. It should be borne in mind that the documents submitted to the RGALI can only be part of the surviving array, the rest of which is stored in other archives (for example, the fund of the Academy of Arts is stored in the RGIA).

Documents on the Soviet period are presented en masse, so searches in the funds of state institutions related to culture should be started at the RGALI. So, here are the funds of the Committees for the Arts under the Soviets people's commissars RSFSR and the USSR (f. 2075 and 962), the Ministry of Culture of the USSR (f. 2329), etc. Among the funds of the Soviet period, RGALI also stores documents of educational institutions, film studios, theaters, exhibitions, museums, editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, and publishing houses.

It must be borne in mind that not all documents on literature and art are stored in the RGALI. A significant part of documentary materials is kept in museums of writers (for example, L.N. Tolstoy’s fund is kept in State Museum L.N. Tolstoy in Moscow), however, individual documents of the writer in the RGALI are still present in other funds. In addition, the fund of a writer or artist may be present in the archive, but contain only a small number of documents (for example, the RGALI has a fund of M.A. Sholokhov (f. 1197), which includes only a few dozen items of storage, most of of his materials is in his museum-reserve in the village of Veshenskaya, Rostov region).

RGALI funds in some cases can give Additional information for genealogical research. This applies not only to the funds of institutions and organizations, which may contain information about the work of a particular person, as well as correspondence with this institution.

Personal funds can also be useful. The fact is that they store not only manuscripts, but also correspondence of figures of literature and art. If your ancestors were familiar with them, the archives may contain letters, mentions in diaries and other valuable finds.

For example, as part of one of our company's studies, we studied the pedigree of one noble family, several representatives of which in late XIX- the beginning of the XX century. were associated with the family of L.N. Tolstoy and his entourage. In the RGALI documents, we managed to find several dozen letters that were written by members of the family we studied or that were addressed to them.