What to give to a child when vomiting without fever. What to do if your child is vomiting without fever

The causes of vomiting in a child can be very diverse. In infants they are hidden in congenital pathologies gastrointestinal tract or the autonomic nervous system. In older children - intolerance to certain foods and complementary foods. It is noteworthy that in many pathological conditions, a vomiting attack can occur without characteristic symptoms: fever and diarrhea. But this does not exclude the possibility of an intestinal infection. Regardless of the cause, treatment must be aimed at eliminating the underlying disease.

Causes of vomiting without fever and diarrhea

As a rule, vomiting is always a symptom of some disorder in the body. In most cases, it is accompanied by fever and diarrhea due to intestinal infections, viral diseases or intoxication. But it can manifest itself without them.

Vomiting without fever and diarrhea may indicate disorders and diseases such as:

1. Food poisoning or indigestion. Symptoms appear with minor intoxication, when the stomach reacts with a single vomiting. The cause may be indigestion, taking a drug, or overeating.
2. Metabolic disorders. Pathologies of this type have in most cases hereditary character. These include diabetes mellitus. To detect metabolic failures, it is necessary to donate blood for tests to determine the level of hormones and enzymes, and do an ultrasound examination of the digestive organs and kidneys. The child may develop intolerance to whole cow's milk, fruits, cereals, glucose.
3. Congenital and acquired neurological disorders. There is “cerebral” vomiting, which indicates disturbances in the central nervous system. They can develop in the womb, during labor or asphyxia. For example, congenital cerebral pathology can provoke profuse vomiting or leakage of ingested food. It is often accompanied by dizziness and migraine. The child feels sick and vomits with the following diseases and pathologies associated with the functioning of the central nervous system: concussion, tumor, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, meningitis, encephalitis.
4. Intestinal obstruction. This pathological condition is congenital or acquired. Often occurs in newborns one year of age and older. Vomiting occurs due to non-contraction of one of the intestinal sections and pushing of feces towards the rectum. The child may experience acute pain in the abdomen, pale skin, weakness, and bloody streaks in the stool.
5. Foreign body in the esophagus. If a child swallows any object, he or she experiences pain and foamy formations in the throat, decreased appetite and difficulty breathing. Signs appear depending on the size of the object and in which part of the esophagus it is stuck. As a rule, vomiting is frequent and repeated without relief of the child’s condition, since the irritant continues to be in the esophagus.
6. Acute appendicitis. In infants it is unlikely, but in children of preschool and school age are at risk. Repeated vomiting with appendicitis is accompanied by sharp pain in the right side in the navel area, loss of appetite, frequent urination and bowel movements.
7. Inflammation of the digestive organs, accompanied by repeated vomiting, diarrhea without fever and the presence of mucus and bile. Similar symptoms are caused by stomach ulcers, gastroduodenitis, cholecystitis, and gastritis.
8. Pyloric stenosis. Congenital narrowing of the passage between the duodenum and the stomach, which leads to food retention in the latter and pushing it out. Symptoms appear during the first days of a newborn's life. Every meal is accompanied by profuse vomiting. This leads to weight and fluid loss. Pyloric stenosis is life-threatening and therefore requires early surgical intervention.
9. Pylorospasm. This is a difficult passage of food from the stomach to the intestines. This pathology appears from about the 4th month of life, when the tone of the pylorus (the valve between the duodenum and the stomach) decreases. With pyloric spasm, vomiting is not as frequent and profuse as with pyloric stenosis.
10. Cardiospasm. This is a violation of the motility of the esophagus, due to which it expands greatly when food enters. Due to the narrowed passage through the lower esophageal sphincter, further movement into the stomach becomes impossible. The gag reflex occurs during or after eating, accompanied by a cough. The child may experience chest pain. The danger of persistent cardiospasm is that children do not gain weight well due to not receiving the required amount of nutrition.
11. Acetone crisis. It causes sudden, repeated and profuse vomiting. The acetonic crisis has no precisely established causes. Experts suggest that it can be triggered by fatty foods, overeating, long breaks between meals, physical exercise, intestinal infections or tumors. The syndrome lasts for several days, dehydrating the child's body, causing convulsions and loss of consciousness. Characteristic symptoms: nausea, headache, smell of acetone from the mouth, weakness.
12. Neurotic vomiting, otherwise called psychogenic. Typical for children from 3 years of age. Occurs due to severe fright, overexcitation or anxiety. It is also provoked by the unpleasant taste of food.

In children under one year of age, repeated vomiting without diarrhea and fever may occur after using complementary foods with a product new to the child. Fatty foods or large amounts of food also cause a similar reaction.

Diarrhea in adults

First aid

If your child experiences frequent vomiting without diarrhea or fever, you should call a doctor. Before the arrival of medical workers, first aid is the responsibility of the parents. At home you need to do the following:

1. Provide the child with a position in which he will not choke: do not allow him to throw his head back, do not lay him on his back, turn his head to the side.
2. After vomiting, rinse oral cavity warm water or wipe with a wet cotton swab. To do this, you can use a weak disinfectant solution, for example, boric acid or potassium permanganate.
3. Give more liquid. The water should be cool, and for children over 4 years old - cold. To eliminate the urge to vomit, add some mint drops or use Regidron in the following dosages: up to 1 year - 2 teaspoons, from 1 to 3 years - 3, from 3 to 4 years.

If a child vomits once without diarrhea, deterioration of general condition or fever, then emergency medical attention is not required. If the attack recurs after a few minutes or hours and the condition worsens, it is recommended to seek help from a specialist.

Diarrhea in adults

Symptoms of serious pathologies

As already noted, vomiting without diarrhea and fever occurs due to various serious diseases that may require immediate surgical intervention. In such cases, you cannot hesitate, because self-medication threatens the child’s life. You need to call an ambulance if:

vomiting is repeated many times;
frequent attacks seriously disrupted the child’s water-salt balance;
additional symptoms appear - abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever;
there is a faint state or excessive excitability;
bloating occurs in the abdomen;
vomiting occurs after using drugs or medications of questionable quality;
attacks were preceded by falls, blows or head injuries;
the child is drowsy, feverish, or lethargic.

Diarrhea in adults

Consequences of repeated and frequent vomiting

Frequent bouts of vomiting in copious amounts can lead to serious consequences, even if they occur due to non-dangerous diseases. Such as:

1. Dehydration. With a sudden loss of fluid, the body's water-salt balance is greatly disturbed. The consequences can affect all vital organs. Severe degrees of dehydration lead to convulsions and loss of consciousness.
2. Weight loss. A great threat hangs over premature babies, low birth weight babies and infants. In their case, a critical decrease in body weight occurs within 24 hours.
3. Bleeding. A severe vomiting attack injures the mucous membrane of the stomach and esophagus, which causes blood veins to appear.
4. Choking from vomit entering the respiratory tract. Night vomiting poses a serious threat to infants and children.
5. Aspiration pneumonia, which occurs when vomit enters the lungs. Gastric juice is dangerous for the tissues of the respiratory system. This condition requires inpatient treatment, which includes suction of mucus from the trachea, antibiotic therapy, and artificial ventilation (if necessary).

Treatment

To alleviate the child’s condition, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of this condition. Therefore, the treatment method is chosen depending on what disease led to the appearance of vomiting:

1. Gastroesophageal reflux is treated with drugs that block the production of of hydrochloric acid, prokinetics and antacids.
2. Insufficiency of the pyloric part of the stomach is corrected using electrophoresis, physiotherapy or surgery.
3. Acute gastritis in childhood involves hospitalization, bed rest and therapy with drugs such as Cerucal, Maalox, Motilium, Papaverine.
4. For gastroduodenitis great attention pay attention to dietary nutrition and maintaining psychological comfort. Antibacterial drugs and antiulcer drugs are prescribed: Ranitidine, Vikalin, Omeprazole.
5. Pancreatitis has a complex treatment regimen, including painkillers, antispasmodics, stimulators of pancreatic secretion fermentation (Creon or Pancreatin) or antisecretory drugs (Pirenzepine or Famotidine) depending on the clinical picture and dietary nutrition.
6. For diseases of the gallbladder, a strict diet, choleretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics and antispasmodics are prescribed.
7. Nervous disorders, stress, emotional stress and mental illness require therapy from a neurologist or psychiatrist.
8. If a vomiting attack is provoked by a foreign object in the esophagus, then the surgeon chooses the method of eliminating it. The doctor must have information about the nature of the object (size, presence of sharp edges, etc.). If there is no information about what the child swallowed, then an x-ray is performed. There should be no delay, as this has serious consequences, including disability or death.
9. If vomiting occurs due to a traumatic brain injury, Diacarb is prescribed and therapy is carried out with diuretics (Furosemide) and sedatives (infusion of valerian or motherwort). Taking into account the symptoms, the doctor prescribes nootropic drugs and a complex of vitamins.
10. Indigestion is treated with the following drugs: Regidron, Panziron, Oralit, Festal, Mezim-Forte.
11. Acetone syndrome requires a more complex study by an endocrinologist. The choice of treatment method is based on tests.
12. Pyloric stenosis, appendicitis or esophageal diverticulum require urgent surgical intervention and subsequent rehabilitation therapy.

A child may experience a single or multiple vomiting attack without fever or diarrhea. Possible reasons include a large list of pathologies and diseases: from indigestion to disorders of the central nervous system. Often, the gag reflex is observed from the first days of life in children with congenital pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.

The danger of this condition is that the child may develop serious complications: dehydration, weight loss or suffocation.

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Evgeniy Olegovich Komarovsky is a pediatrician, lives in Kharkov, and hosts his own television program.

He is a doctor of the highest category; he has worked in the field of healthcare for twenty-five years. He is the author of many scientific works, popular books and scientific articles. His books have been published and reprinted in Russia and Ukraine.

Graduate of the Kharkov Medical Institute, Faculty of Pediatrics. Since 1983, he worked at the children's regional infectious diseases hospital in Kharkov. Since 2000, he has been the leader of the consultative pediatric appointment at a private clinical center; in 2006 he opened his own private clinic - “Klinicom”, Komarovsky Clinic.

To a wide parent audience, Komarovsky is primarily known as a presenter television show“School of Doctor Komarovsky.” This project started on the central TV channel of Ukraine “Inter” in March 2010. In addition, Komarovsky previously took part in various television talk shows on medical topics. He was a consultant for television programs.

Diarrhea in a child is loose stools that the child is unable to control on his own. Stool frequency increases with diarrhea. The process of defecation occurs five, six or more times a day. However, there are no strict criteria in this matter. The total amount of liquid feces depends both on the age of the child and on the type of feeding (artificial or breastfeeding).

With diarrhea, there is a struggle not only with the problem that caused it, but also with its consequences. The cause of loose stools must be determined before starting treatment for diarrhea in a child. We must understand that diarrhea is not just a temporary misunderstanding. Diarrhea can seem very harmless, but it can be caused by big problems. Consultation with a doctor is necessary in this matter. Using many possible solutions at random, you can become like Russian roulette, acting on the principle: “it will help or not help.” If valuable time is lost, significant complications can occur.

Diarrhea often occurs due to the following reasons: various intestinal infectious diseases, liver diseases, worm infestations, inflammatory diseases, intestinal dysbiosis. Introduction of the first complementary foods infants may also provoke the onset of diarrhea; another cause may be overeating. Diarrhea is not just a sign of an illness that needs diagnosis and treatment. Fighting it involves detoxification and helping the body that suffers from dehydration.

Komarovsky: diarrhea in a child without fever

If children are still very young, loose stools are normal for them; their frequency can reach twenty times a day and should be treated calmly. For children under the age of three months this is normal until they reach three years old In general, stools often have a pasty, white or yellow color, with discharge ranging from one to three times in a day. If the indicators deviate from the norm, you should consult a doctor, if you exclude the possibility of contracting an infection; such deviations can be explained by changes in the diet, the child’s experiences, as well as changes occurring in his body, for example, teething. The most standard diarrhea can cause undesirable consequences, since dehydration may occur, and if the number of bowel movements per day is very large, you should consult a doctor to relieve this pathology. In addition to dehydration, the child may become anemic, lose weight, his immunity may decrease, and other negative consequences may occur.

Komarovsky: diarrhea and fever in a child

Hardly heat against the background of diarrhea may be associated with teething and other similar factors. When a child has diarrhea, there is no need to say that he is healthy. Most likely, the combination of diarrhea and high temperature indicates intestinal viral infection, however, it is quite likely that it may also be rotavirus in nature. The task of parents in similar situation- ensure proper dietary nutrition, use of temperature-reducing agents, and provide the child with plenty of fluids. Diet food is selected depending on the age of the child and the course of his illness. We can only say one thing - under no circumstances should you overfeed your child. Recommended viewing program about rotavirus infection. I would like to emphasize once again that the connection between high temperature and diarrhea with teething is very unlikely. Only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis.

Komarovsky: vomiting and diarrhea in a child

Often, intestinal disorders are accompanied by symptoms such as vomiting. In addition, against the background of a combination of these symptoms, pain in the abdominal area may appear. Similar symptoms are possible in case of poisoning and the appearance of pathogenic microbes in the intestines that cause all kinds of infections.

Diarrhea and vomiting are a kind of reaction of the body that helps get rid of pathogenic microbes that cause certain changes. Vomiting is a common occurrence, however, if it occurs against the background of other symptoms, you can decide to hospitalize the child, since food poisoning is a fairly serious issue and must be treated under the supervision of experienced doctors. Vomiting in combination with diarrhea can remove from the body great amount fluids, which can result in dehydration within two days. Replenishing lost fluid is quite difficult, since the volume of losses in the body is very significant, the child has no appetite during such periods and refuses water. If such symptoms occur, you should immediately consult a doctor in order to carry out in a clinical setting all necessary measures aimed at replenishing the loss of fluid and electrolyte composition of the blood.

Komarovsky: vomiting, diarrhea, fever in a child

Vomiting, diarrhea and fever in a child can occur as a result of food poisoning, which is extremely dangerous due to the unpredictability of the course and development of its symptoms. If a combination of all of the above factors occurs, the child should be taken to a medical facility as soon as possible for precise definition the reasons for what is happening and the purpose of the entire complex of measures aimed at eliminating the consequences of the situation that has arisen. In a clinical setting, if necessary, the child’s stomach will be pumped out and the whole range of first aid will be provided. medical care. Just under no circumstances should you delay resolving the issue.

Komarovsky: diarrhea during teething

Diarrhea during teething occurs individually in children and for some it does not cause a painful reaction in the body, while for others a whole range of problems arise that parents quickly have to solve. The main unpleasant symptoms of this condition are a runny nose accompanied by an increase in body temperature with diarrhea. True, experts do not attribute fever and diarrhea to the process of teething. Teeth are cut within two years and throughout this period the child’s immune system weakens. Left without proper protection, the body is capable of catching any infection.

Komarovsky: how to treat diarrhea in a child

Diarrhea in a child should not be treated with antibiotics. It is best to give your baby a drug that will slow down intestinal motility and a product that can support his microflora. Before taking medications, you should always get advice pediatrician. Sometimes the doctor will not prescribe a remedy for diarrhea to the child, offering plenty of fluids in return.

Vomiting is not a diagnosis, but a symptom of the disease. If it is accompanied by fever and high temperature, then the cause is most likely influenza or other viral diseases. When diarrhea appears, food poisoning can be diagnosed or intestinal infection. It’s another matter when, apart from vomiting, no other symptoms are observed. What should parents do in this situation: should they contact a pediatrician or try to treat the baby at home? First of all, you need to establish the reason why the child vomited without fever and diarrhea.

Vomiting in a child without diarrhea and fever: regurgitation

Vomiting without diarrhea and increased body temperature in children under three months can be caused by regurgitation. Less commonly, they are observed at the age of 1 year. Mostly, excessive regurgitation occurs due to overfeeding. The baby's immature digestive system is not able to digest large volumes of food, as a result of which the stomach spits out excess food. Spitting up in infancy can occur if the baby is placed horizontally immediately after feeding.

This condition does not negatively affect one’s well-being and does not interfere with vital important processes occurring in the body. To avoid regurgitation, after feeding it is recommended to hold the baby in a “column” position for at least 20 minutes. Concern should arise if the child spits up frequently and profusely, while being stunted in growth and losing activity. In such cases, parents should definitely show it to the doctor.

Vomiting in children due to gastrointestinal pathology

The most likely causes of vomiting in a child without diarrhea and fever associated with gastrointestinal disorders are the following:

pyloric stenosis;
pylorospasm;
acute appendicitis;
intestinal obstruction
acute gastritis;
the presence of a foreign body in the digestive tract.

Pyloric stenosis- a congenital malformation of the pyloric part of the stomach, as a result of which the muscle ring thickens and the junction of the duodenum and the stomach narrows. This pathology leads to an obstacle in the path of food. Food cannot enter the duodenum, which is why “fountain” vomiting occurs.

Attention! Pyloric stenosis is treated exclusively with surgery. At the first signs of illness, you should consult a doctor.

Pylorospasm is a spasm of the pyloric part of the stomach. Unlike the previous disease, food cannot partially enter the duodenum. The child's vomiting is not severe and intermittent. Conservative treatment helps to get rid of the disease.

Acute appendicitis may manifest itself in different ways. In some cases it is accompanied by profuse vomiting and fever, in others only some symptoms may be present. First, general malaise appears and appetite decreases. Most often, vomiting is the first symptom. Pain appears in the right side of the abdomen. A strong increase in temperature is observed in young children; in an older child it often remains within the normal range. Acute appendicitis can only be treated surgically. Under no circumstances should you hesitate, as peritonitis may develop, which poses a threat of death.

Intestinal obstruction is a pathology that includes intestinal volvulus and intussusception. This condition is caused by several reasons. For example, worms, tumors or intestinal development disorders. The first sign of the disease is pain in the abdominal area. The child cries loudly, bends his knees and hugs him close. Then vomiting occurs mixed with bile, and in rare cases, loose stools. To get rid of the disease, surgical intervention is necessary.

Acute gastritis- another disease that is accompanied by vomiting in children. Most often, the stomach becomes inflamed in a child under the age of one year. The reason for this is an immature and too vulnerable digestive system, which is susceptible to the effects of low-quality products and medications. Symptoms of acute gastritis are frequent vomiting combined with pain in the stomach. The disease may be accompanied by diarrhea and high fever, but sometimes it occurs without these symptoms. Acute gastritis is treated conservatively.

As a result of entry of a foreign body into the digestive tract, children may begin to vomit. This usually happens to babies under one year old, but it is possible at an older age. A large object is swallowed and sticks to the wall of the esophagus, causing a spasm. In such cases, vomit sometimes contains scarlet blood. This is due to mechanical damage to the organ of the digestive system. Since the child may become suffocated, help must be given immediately. Parents need to call the doctor immediately.

Vomiting in a child without diarrhea and fever: pathologies of the central nervous system

The following diseases of the central nervous system are known, the symptom of which is vomiting without fever and diarrhea:

tumors - vomiting occurs as a result of compression of the brain by a tumor;
intracranial hypertension - vomiting is accompanied by intense headaches, the fontanelle bulges in infants;
traumatic brain injuries - sometimes after strong blow vomiting appears;
birth trauma - typical for children under one year of age.

Treatment is prescribed to the child after examination by a neurologist.

Vomiting in children without accompanying symptoms: psychogenic factor

Against the background of emotional experiences and stress, the child sometimes vomits. This phenomenon is usually observed in children after one year. In this case, except for vomiting, there are no other symptoms. There are cases when a child tried to attract attention to himself in this way, which happened at the subconscious level.

It is believed that overly impressionable children with weak psyches are most susceptible to this phenomenon. Decide this problem a psychotherapist, neurologist or psychologist can.

Endocrine diseases as a cause of vomiting in children

The cause of vomiting without fever and diarrhea in children is insufficiency of the adrenal cortex, which is congenital. As a result, the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis of hormones decreases.

First, vomit appears like a fountain, then hypertrophy of the clitoris occurs and the development of other genital organs is disrupted. This is a very serious disease, which, although it manifests itself rarely, ends fatal, if it is not treated promptly. Usually the child dies before reaching the age of one year.

Vomiting without fever and diarrhea: other factors

Sometimes children vomit without fever or diarrhea when complication of diabetes mellitus. At the same time, abdominal pain occurs and appetite decreases. There have been cases where such a condition ended in coma when adequate and timely treatment was not provided.

Another reason for vomiting is vitamin D overdose, which usually happens in children under one year old. It is necessary to stop taking the drug to bring the baby’s condition back to normal.

Symptoms in the form of vomiting in children also appear in the following cases:

heart failure;
toxicosis (in girls aged 13−18 years, this factor cannot be excluded);
kidney pathology, which occurs with acute or chronic failure;
alcohol intoxication (in adolescence).

Vomiting in children: first aid

If children start vomiting, do not use:

antispasmodics, antiemetics and painkillers;
antibiotics;
gastric lavage (especially using potassium permanganate solution).

First of all, if vomiting occurs, you need to call a doctor. If your child's condition worsens, you should call ambulance because it is needed immediately. Before the doctor arrives at home, parents should place the baby on his side, raising his head slightly. If vomiting begins during feeding, it must be stopped.

To avoid dehydration, which is most common in young children, it is recommended to give plenty of fluids ( in small portions, but often).

After being examined by a doctor and prescribed treatment, parents do not need to refuse a routine examination, even if the child’s condition is constantly improving. This will help avoid complications.

Vomiting in children: when is hospitalization needed?

Mandatory hospitalization is prescribed in the following cases:

vomiting does not stop, and it becomes impossible to give the child something to drink;
consciousness is impaired or excitability increases;
repeated vomiting after long-term therapy;
vomiting is combined with pain localized in the abdominal area, which lasts more than an hour (the greatest concern is constipation and gas retention in this condition);
vomiting after consumption chemical substances, mushrooms, preservatives, taking medications;
after a short period of time after the head injury, vomiting occurred;
the child’s condition steadily worsens, apathy, convulsions, fever appear, medications don't help.

With all the symptoms described above, it is necessary to urgently show the child to the pediatrician. After medical examination the baby will be sent to a specialist for a more detailed examination. You should not self-medicate. If you miss the moment, more serious complications are possible, which could have been avoided by starting treatment in a timely manner.

Doctors are especially concerned about such a condition as vomiting in children younger age. Greatest danger it causes in infants because they develop dehydration very quickly. If a child after 3 years can be observed for some time, a child under one year old requires timely and urgent medical care. To avoid negative consequences, it is advisable to show the child to the doctor at any age.