Biography of Prishvin for elementary school. Mikhail Prishvin - biography, information, personal life

Born on January 23 (February 4 NS) in the Khrushchev estate of the Yelets district of the Oryol province in a merchant family, whose fortune was squandered by his father, who left the family without a livelihood. It took a lot of effort and work of the mother of the future writer to give children an education.

In 1883, the boy entered the Yelets gymnasium, from the 4th grade of which he was expelled "for impudence to the teacher", he completed his studies at the Tyumen real school.

In 1893, young Prishvin entered the Riga Polytechnic Institute, where he became interested in the ideas of Marxism. He was arrested in 1897 for participating in Marxist circles, spent a year in the Mitav prison, and was exiled to Yelets for two years.

In 1900 1902 he studied at the agronomic department of the University of Leipzig, after which he worked in Luga as a zemstvo agronomist, published several articles and books in his specialty.

Prishvin's first story "Sashok" was published in the magazine "Rodnik" in 1906. Leaving his profession, he became a correspondent for various newspapers. Passion for ethnography and folklore led to the decision to travel around the north (Olonets, Karelia, Norway), got acquainted with the life and speech of the northerners, wrote down tales, passing them in a peculiar form of travel essays (books "In the land of fearless birds", 1907; "For the magic bun ", 1908). He became famous in literary circles, moving closer to Remizov and Merezhkovsky, as well as to M. Gorky and A. Tolstoy.

In 1908, the result of a trip to the Volga region was the book At the Walls of the Invisible City. The essays "Adam and Eve" and "Black Arab" were written after a trip to the Crimea and Kazakhstan. Gorky contributed to the appearance of the first collected works of Prishvin in 1912 1914.

During the First World War, he was a war correspondent, publishing his essays in various newspapers.

After October revolution for some time he taught in the Smolensk region. Passion for hunting and local history (he lived in Yelets, Smolensk region, Moscow region) was reflected in a series of hunting and children's stories written in the 1920s, which were later included in the book "Calendar of Nature" (1935), which glorified him as a narrator about the life of nature, singer of Central Russia. In the same years, he continued to work on the autobiographical novel "Kashcheev's Chain", which he began in 1923, on which he worked until his last days.

In the early 1930s he visited the Far East, as a result, the book "Dear Beasts" appeared, which served as the basis for the story "Ginseng" ("The Root of Life", 1933). About the trip along Kostroma and Yaroslavl land written in the story "Undressed Spring".

During the years of the Great Patriotic War the writer created "Stories about Leningrad children" (1943), "The Tale of Our Time" (1945), a fairy tale-tale "The Pantry of the Sun". IN last years In his life, the writer devoted a lot of time and energy to diaries (the book Eyes of the Earth, 1957). Almost all of his work is devoted to describing his own impressions of encounters with nature, these descriptions are distinguished by the extraordinary beauty of the language. K. Paustovsky rightly called him "the singer of Russian nature."

Russian, and later Soviet writer, prose writer, publicist, author of many essays about nature, stories for children - this is how Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin appears before us. An interesting, peculiar person who personal life organically merged with creativity. A man who has been writing all his conscious life one main work about himself, his place in the natural world - his Diaries. Let's take a closer look at life and creative heritage this unique person.

Born in 1873, February 4 (January 23, old style) in the Oryol province (now the Lipetsk region of the Russian Federation), in the village of Khrushchevo-Levshino in the family of a merchant. In 1882 Mikhail was assigned to a local school, where he studied for one year. Further, in 1883. followed by high school. Prishvin did not differ in special diligence and knowledge, he liked to misbehave. After studying for six years, he was able to get an education in only four classes, because he stayed twice in the second year. Due to a conflict with a teacher from the gymnasium, he was expelled. Mother sent Mikhail to Siberia, to his uncle. And already living with his uncle, he graduated from the Tyumen real school. In 1893 studies at the Polytechnic Institute of Riga. As a student, like many young people at that time, he became interested in the ideas of Marxism and participated in various organizations. For agitation and distribution of prohibited literature, in 1897. was convicted, spent one year in the Mitav prison.

After that, he spent some time in exile in the city of Yelets. But over time, politics becomes uninteresting to him. He receives permission to leave and in 1900. leaves to study in Leipzig. There the writer masters the profession of an agronomist. In 1902 returns home. At first he worked as a zemstvo agronomist, working in the laboratory of the Agricultural Academy. Then - as a personal secretary to a major St. Petersburg official, writes books on agricultural topics.

In 1906 decides to quit his main job as an agronomist and take up literary activity. And at the same time, the first of the stories of the writer "Sashok" is published in the magazine "Rodnik". The writer began to work as a correspondent. As a person who is keenly interested in folklore and ethnography, he leaves for the North (to Karelia). His travel essays containing observations of life ordinary people, nature served as the basis for the book "In the land of fearless birds." It was she who brought wide fame to the writer, and he also received honorary award Imperial geographical society- a silver medal. The second composition - "Behind the Magic Bun" was the result of his research of the Murmansk region, Norway. In these works, the author combines elements of a fairy tale and a strict documentary presentation. Mikhail Prishvin also keeps his own Diary, which he will continue to work on throughout his life.

In 1912 the first 3-volume collected works of the writer was published. In the 1920s, he began working on the autobiographical novel Koshcheev's Chain. In the 1930s, he traveled a lot Soviet Union. He publishes books filled with wonderful descriptions of nature, as well as children's stories, works about animals - “The Pantry of the Sun”, “Fox Bread”, “The Chipmunk Beast”, etc. All these creations are written in an unusually beautiful, bright and colorful language. main idea the author, which can be traced in all his works, and in particular in the Diaries - to learn to live in harmony with the outside world, to appreciate all the good, bright that is in life.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin died on January 16, 1954 from stomach cancer in Moscow. He was buried at the Vvedensky cemetery in Moscow.

, THE USSR

V artistic creativity poetic geography, in diaries - comprehension of what is happening in the country in the first half of the twentieth century.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin(-) - Russian Soviet writer, author of works about nature, hunting stories, works for children.

Biography

Artworks

Screen adaptations

• - "The hut of old Louvain" (film not preserved)

Literature

• Prishvina V. D. Our house / Art. V. Pavlyuk. - Ed. 2nd, revised. - M .: Young Guard, 1980. - 336, p. - 100,000 copies.(in trans.)

Links

• Prishvin, Mikhail Mikhailovich in the library of Maxim Moshkov
• The site of the museum-estate of M. M. Prishvin in Dunino, dedicated both to the work of the writer and the estate itself
• Prishvin's grave (the author of the tombstone is S. T. Konenkov)
• Konstantin Paustovsky. Mikhail Prishvin // Golden Rose
• Chirkov V.A. Essay "Our ..." (2010). Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.

Categories:

• Personalities in alphabetical order
• Writers alphabetically
• February 4
• Born in 1873
• Born in Orel Governorate
• Deceased January 16
• Deceased in 1954
• Deceased in Moscow
• Publicists alphabetically
• Publicists of the USSR
• Publicists of Russia
• Knights of the Order of the Badge of Honor
• Born in the Lipetsk region
• Mikhail Prishvin
• Members of the Russian Geographical Society until 1917
• Persons: Pereslavsky district
• Persons:Lipetsk region
• Buried at the Vvedensky cemetery
• Writers of Russia alphabetically
• Russian writers of the XX century
• Children's writers of the USSR
• Naturalist writers
• famous diary writers
• Alumni of the University of Leipzig
• Writers of Russia of the XX century
• Animal writers

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich was born in 1873 in the Khrushchevo estate of the Yelets district of the Oryol province in the family of a bankrupt merchant. The father died shortly after the birth of his son, leaving six children in his wife's arms.
He studied first at the Yelets gymnasium, then at the Tyumen real school. After graduating from it, he left for Riga and entered the polytechnic school at the agronomic department. Engaged in illegal political activity for which he was expelled. In 1898, M. Prishvin became a student of the agronomic department of the University of Leipzig. In 1902 he returned to Russia, served as a zemstvo agronomist in the Lugansk and Klin districts, and created the first printed works on practical agronomy. Only in 1906 Prishvin's first story "Sashok" was published in the magazine "Rodnik". Leaving the service, Prishvin set off to collect folklore in the northern provinces, even went to Lapland (the territory of Finland and Norway).
It was about the events and impressions of the trip that his travel essays “In the Land of Fearless Birds” (1907) and “Behind the Magic Kolobok” (1908) After that, Prishvin traveled and went around Central Russia, Crimea and Kazakhstan and published several books about the flora and fauna of these territories.
In 1912-1914. with the assistance of M. Gorky, the first collected works of Prishvin were published. During the First World War (1914-1917). Prishvin was a front-line correspondent for the newspapers Rech and Birzhevye Vedomosti.
After 1917 he lived in Yelets, and in 1922 he moved to Taldom, county town Tver province. Prishvin's attempts to turn local history and geographical essays into literary genre crowned with undeniable success. In 1923, he began the autobiographical novel "Kashcheev's Chain" and finished it in last days own life.
In the 1930s the writer traveled all over the country, looking for plots for his books. He visited the Far North, the Far East, about which he wrote the books "Dear Animals" (1931), "The Root of Life" (1933). In 1940 he composed a poem in prose "Facelia" - diary entries about travels in Central Russia. He died in 1954 in Moscow.

http://www.wisdoms.ru

Aphorisms and quotes by Prishvin

For others, nature is firewood, coal, ore, or a dacha, or just a landscape. For me, nature is the environment from which, like flowers, all our human talents have grown.

Only stupid people live without humor.

-... It happens that something doesn't stick, it doesn't work out well, and at the same time you feel something good. Remember the good and understand: it's spring.

Sooner or later, all secrets will certainly be revealed. There is nothing hidden that will not be revealed.

Truth means the victory of conscience in a person.

Chanterelle bread

Once I walked in the forest all day and returned home in the evening with rich booty. He took off his heavy bag from his shoulders and began to spread his belongings on the table.

- What kind of bird is this? Zinochka asked.

"Terenty," I replied.

And he told her about the black grouse: how he lives in the forest, how he mumbles in the spring, how he pecks at birch buds, picks berries in the swamps in autumn, warms himself from the wind under the snow in winter. He also told her about the hazel grouse, showed her that he was grey, with a tuft, and whistled into a pipe in a hazel grouse and let her whistle. I also poured a lot of white mushrooms on the table, both red and black. I also had a bloody boneberry in my pocket, and blueberries, and red lingonberries. I also brought with me a fragrant lump of pine resin, gave the girl a sniff and said that trees are treated with this resin.

Who is treating them there? Zinochka asked.

“They are curing themselves,” I replied. - It happens that a hunter will come, he wants to rest, he will stick an ax into a tree and hang a bag on an ax, and he himself will lie down under a tree. Sleep, rest. He will take out an ax from a tree, put on a bag, and leave. And from the wound from the ax made of wood, this fragrant tar will run and this wound will be tightened.

Also on purpose for Zinochka, I brought various wonderful herbs by leaf, by root, by flower: cuckoo's tears, valerian, Peter's cross, hare cabbage. And just under the rabbit cabbage I had a piece of black bread: it always happens to me that when I don’t take bread to the forest, I’m hungry, but I take it, I forget to eat it and bring it back. And Zinochka, when she saw black bread under my hare cabbage, was stunned:

“Where did the bread come from in the forest?”

- What's so amazing about that? After all, there is cabbage there!

- Hare...

- And the bread is lisichkin. Taste. Carefully tasted and began to eat:

- Good fox bread!

And ate all my black bread clean. And so it went with us: Zinochka, such a copula, often doesn’t even take white bread, but when I bring fox bread from the forest, she always eats it all and praises:

- Chanterelle's bread is much better than ours!

golden meadow

My brother and I, when dandelions ripen, had constant fun with them. We used to go somewhere to our craft - he was in front, I was in the heel.

"Seryozha!" - I will call him in a businesslike manner. He'll look back, and I'll blow a dandelion right in his face. For this, he begins to watch for me and, as you gape, he also fuknet. And so we plucked these uninteresting flowers just for fun. But once I managed to make a discovery.

We lived in the village, in front of the window we had a meadow, all golden from many blooming dandelions. It was very beautiful. Everyone said: “Very beautiful! The meadow is golden.” One day I got up early to fish and noticed that the meadow was not golden, but green. When I returned home around noon, the meadow was again all golden. I began to observe. By evening the meadow turned green again. Then I went and found a dandelion, and it turned out that he squeezed his petals, as if your fingers were yellow on the side of your palm and, clenched into a fist, we would close the yellow. In the morning, when the sun rose, I saw dandelions open their palms, and from this the meadow became golden again.

Since then, the dandelion has become one of the most interesting flowers for us, because dandelions went to bed with us children and got up with us.

duck bath

A passer-by sat down and thought. Suddenly, a motley, white and black duck flies out of the hollow of a tall tree and brings one little duckling out of the hollow nest into the water.

This hollow duck, the goldeneye, dragged all her twelve ducklings into the water, gathered everyone tightly around her, and suddenly - goodbye! disappeared under the water. Then all her sons and daughters also went down under the water - to look for their mother, and what was so surprising to the man sitting on the shore: for quite a long time no one showed up from under the water.

Of course, it seemed to the man for a long time: he judged by himself and his good human soul in his own way he somehow moved into poor ducklings in search of his own mother under water. They themselves came out cheerfully and cheerfully: in their duck time, the mother appeared and all the ducklings, one at a time, in different places. Everyone saw, recognized each other, the mother gave a signal like a duck, the kids whistled, everyone swam. And then, having dipped everyone again, the mother dragged everyone back into the hollow.

- Good here! the man said aloud.

Guys and ducks

A little wild duck, the whistling teal, finally decided to transfer her ducklings from the forest, bypassing the village, into the lake to freedom. In the spring, this lake overflowed far and a solid place for a nest could be found only three miles away, on a hummock, in a marshy forest. And when the water subsided, I had to travel all three miles to the lake.

In places open to the eyes of a man, a fox and a hawk, the mother walked behind, so as not to let the ducklings out of sight even for a minute. And near the forge, when crossing the road, she, of course, let them go ahead. Here the guys saw and threw their hats. All the time while they were catching ducklings, the mother ran after them with her beak open or flew into different sides a few steps in the greatest excitement. The guys were just about to throw their hats on their mother and catch her like ducklings, but then I approached.

- What will you do with the ducklings? I asked the guys sternly.

They got scared and answered:

- Let's go.

- Here's something "let"! I said very angrily. Why did you have to catch them? Where is mother now?

- He's sitting there! - the guys answered in unison. And they pointed me to a close mound of a fallow field, where the duck really sat with its mouth open from excitement.

“Quickly,” I ordered the guys, “go and return all the ducklings to her!”

They even seemed to rejoice at my order, and ran straight up the hill with the ducklings. The mother flew off a little and, when the guys left, she rushed to save her sons and daughters. In her own way, she said something quickly to them and ran to the oat field. Five ducklings ran after her, and so through the oat field, bypassing the village, the family continued its journey to the lake.

Joyfully, I took off my hat and, waving it, shouted:

— Happy way, ducklings! The guys laughed at me.

"What are you laughing at, fools?" I said to the guys. “Do you think it’s so easy for ducklings to get into the lake?” Take off all your hats, shout "goodbye"!

And the same hats, dusty on the road while catching ducklings, rose into the air, the guys all shouted at once:

- Goodbye, ducklings!

talking rook

I will tell you an incident that happened to me in a hungry year. A yellow-mouthed young rook got into the habit of flying to me on the windowsill. Apparently, he was an orphan. And at that time I kept a whole bag of buckwheat. I ate buckwheat porridge all the time. Here, it happened, a rook would fly in, I would sprinkle cereals on him and ask;

“Do you want some porridge, fool?”

It pecks and flies away. And so every day, all month. I want to achieve that to my question: “Do you want some porridge, silly?”, he would say: “I want”.

And he only opens his yellow nose and shows his red tongue.

“Well, okay,” I got angry and abandoned my studies.

By autumn I was in trouble. I climbed into the chest for grits, but there was nothing there. This is how the thieves cleaned it: half a cucumber was on a plate, and that one was taken away. I went to bed hungry. Spinning all night. In the morning I looked in the mirror, my face was all green.

"Knock, knock!" - someone at the window.

On the windowsill, a rook hammers at the glass.

“Here comes the meat!” - I had a thought.

I open the window - and grab it! And he jumped from me to a tree. I'm out the window behind him to the bitch. He is taller. I'm climbing. He is taller and on top of his head. I can't go there; swings a lot. He, the rogue, looks at me from above and says:

- Ho-chesh, porridge, du-rash-ka?

Still, how far was the appearance of the true Prishvin from the one that we absorbed almost with mother's milk! A narrow-minded grandfather, to whom only happiness is hunting and fishing, who did not delve deeply into anything, glided over the surface, and therefore lived for more than 80 years. And only in last decade when new archives were opened, when caring people were found, the true meaning of Prishvin is truly revealed. In essence, his eight-volume collected works, published in Soviet times, is far from complete.

He himself put his Diaries much higher, which have not yet been printed in full. They just refute the popular idea of ​​Prishvin as a celestial being, a chronicler of nature, far from the storms of the century. Most likely, Prishvin knew how to appear, and not to be, when it was necessary. He pretended to be a fool, a holy fool, being a very smart person. The diaries bear witness to this. Before us is a sober analyst who is fully aware of everything that happens in the country and in the world; risking giving his own assessments of everything that happens - and not caring too much that these assessments will differ greatly from the official ones.

Biography of Mikhail Prishvin (1873 - 1954)

Prishvin cut through the middle of her life. Thus, half of his long life was spent in tsarist Russia, the other half - in the Soviet. This circumstance determined the dramaturgy of his life and work. He was born in the estate near Yelets. Places blessed for Russian literature! It was on these lands that Leo Tolstoy, and Bunin, and Andrei Platonov were born. Prishvin lived a long and happy life, despite the fact that the time that fell to him was difficult.

His childhood was rather difficult. He lost his father very early. The mother was left alone, but she managed to give all the children an excellent education. Michael was sent to the local gymnasium. Three world-class personalities coincided there - Prishvin and Rozanov. Rozanov was a teacher. There was a clash between him and Prishvin - a clash of two vanities, bright, extraordinary characters. It led to the fact that Rozanov was given the right to expel the student from the gymnasium. Prishvin, indeed, did not study well, he was a hooligan, for which he was awarded a “wolf ticket”. The confused mother sent her son to her brother, to Siberia. There Prishvin completed his education. Then he studied in Riga. There, what happened to him then happened to many young people in Russia - he became infected with Marxism.

He spent a whole year in prison for liaising with radical revolutionaries. After that, he spent some time in exile, after which his mother managed to send him abroad. Prishvin early chose for himself the position of an observer, not a participant. He compared himself to a milestone, around which there is heavy traffic, and he stands still. Of course, there is a certain cunning in this statement - after all, the work of the mind did not stop for a minute. February Revolution Prishvin accepted, like many contemporary writers. At first, he reacted sharply negatively to the power of the Bolsheviks.

During the years the writer lived in the village and saw firsthand what was happening to the land, to the people, to the country. He begins to understand that the Bolsheviks are the only force that is able to calm the elements of popular revelry and rebellion, that only retaliatory, very harsh punitive measures can bring the country to its senses. After the country returns to peaceful life, Prishvin finally becomes stronger in the idea that only through local history, ethnology and it is possible to find spiritual harmony, that only thanks to nature all heart wounds are healed. Prishvin was married twice. There was almost no spiritual intimacy with the first wife, their breakup turned out to be only a matter of time. At 67, he married a second time.

Creativity of Mikhail Prishvin

By the age of 30, Prishvin had not yet written or accomplished anything, remaining a kind of undergrowth. He became a writer rather late. His whole life was a kind of preparation for expressing himself as fully as possible in the word. At the age of Christ, Prishvin went to the North, to Karelia, in order to collect folklore. From there he brought his first book - "In the land of fearless birds." Already there, all future Prishvin themes were united: the theme of the people, the theme of nature, the theme of Russia. It is felt by the style, by the style, how dear the author is to everything that he describes.

Prishvin developed the success of this book, went even further - to Solovki, to the Murmansk Territory, to Norway. The impressions received from this trip formed the basis of the second book - "Behind the Magic Kolobok". Prishvin very early began to combine strict documentary art with a fabulous beginning, with a figurative and poetic vision of the world. Thus, literary debut Prishvin fell on the period between the two Russian revolutions - 1906-1907. Prishvin had a hard time. In the dawn was silver Age and creative competition is as high as ever.

Recognized masters treat Prishvin condescendingly. For them, he is, as it were, not quite a writer - he is an essay writer, he is a member of the Imperial Geographical Society, he is a photographer, he is an observer. No one suspects him of being the deepest thinker. It was at this time that Prishvin began to keep a diary, reflecting everything that happened to Russia in the most dramatic periods of its history. Prishvin traveled a lot, traveled a lot, hunted a lot. He was an absolutely non-cabinet writer, a lively and enthusiastic person. In 1912, Prishvin met Gorky and a three-volume collection of Prishvin's works was published in the Znanie publishing house supervised by Gorky.

The book "World Cup" partly reflected the painful experiences of Prishvin during the revolution and civil war. Huge success in the 20s. had a book "Springs of Berendey" - a collection of hunting, fishing and other stories about how the country lives, how it is getting better again peaceful life. This is a book about the possibility of happiness in post-revolutionary Russia, a book of consolation, a book of hope. The reader truly recognized, accepted and fell in love with Prishvin with all his heart. Since then, this connection has not been lost. Prishvin writes autobiographical book"Koshcheev's chain".

In the second half of the 20s. the fate of Prishvin is closely connected with the literary association "Pass". Prishvin behaves very competently: he responds to criticism, but does not bury himself, builds relationships with magazine editors, with colleagues. From a trip to Far East Prishvin brings the story "Ginseng" - an example of moody, plotless prose. In the terrible 30s. Prishvin continues to bring light to readers. In the last years of his life, Prishvin tries himself as a writer for children ("Pantry of the Sun"). Latest works Prishvin became the novel "The Sovereign's Road" and the story-tale "Ship Thicket".

• Prishvin laughingly stated the fact that, they say, he himself studied poorly, and now the children are learning Russian from him from the first grade.
• In the “Sovereign Road”, Prishvin’s first book was rewritten, as it were, in connection with the construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal.