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Glove doll parsley. Research project "folk puppet hero parsley"

It is believed that the birthplace of modern puppet theater is India and Ancient China. Later, this kind of democratic art was introduced by itinerant artists, possibly gypsies, into Ancient Greece and from there it spread throughout Europe. It is not known for certain when puppeteers appeared in our country, but the Russian folk theater Petrushka was very popular with people of all ages and classes for about three centuries.

background

Researchers believe that in Russia there were 3 types:

  • puppet, in which the puppets were controlled with the help of threads;
  • Petrushka Theater - with figurines of characters put on the puppeteer's fingers;
  • nativity scene - a theater in which dolls were motionlessly fixed on rods and moved along slots made in a special box.

The latter option was popular only in the southern regions of the country and in Siberia, and until the end of the 19th century, puppets, due to the complexity of the figurines, were used quite rarely. Thus, speaking about Russian pre-revolutionary puppet shows, they most often have in Petrushka. It got its name from the name of the protagonist of funny performances played right on the street.

Who is Petrushka

Got this nickname glove doll, who was usually dressed in a red shirt, canvas pants and a pointed cap with a tassel. It is still not entirely clear why her physiognomy was traditionally given "non-Russian" features. In particular, he has an excessively large head and hands, a swarthy face, huge almond-shaped eyes, and most likely, Petrushka's appearance is due to the fact that he was created in the image and likeness of the Italian Pulcinella.

As for the nature of the character, then he is also a swindler, to whom no laws are written.

Appearance of Petrushka

In Russia, a glove puppet with strange features and named Ivan Ratyutu appeared in the 17th century. However, it received its greatest distribution and its final name only 200 years later. By the way, Petrushka himself introduced himself as Pyotr Ivanovich (sometimes Petrovich) Uksusov.

Description of the theater at an early stage

In the 17th century, performances were played without a screen. More precisely, traditional theater Petrushka assumed the participation of only one actor, who tied a skirt to his belt. A hoop was sewn to its hem, lifting which, the puppeteer was hidden from prying eyes. He could move his arms freely and imagine scenes with the participation of two characters. At the same time, the comedian almost always worked in tandem with the bear leader and also performed the functions of a clown.

Description of the theater after the middle of the 19th century

From the 1840s, screens began to be used. It consisted of three frames, which were fastened with staples and tightened with chintz. She was placed directly on the ground, and she hid the puppeteer. An obligatory attribute, without which it was impossible to imagine the Petrushka Theater, was a hurdy-gurdy. Her sounds invited the audience, and behind the screen, the comedian communicated with the audience through a special whistle. During the performance, he could run out to the audience with a long nose and a red cap. At the same time, the organ grinder became his partner, and together they acted out comical scenes.

puppeteers

The Petrushka Theater, whose history has not been fully studied, was considered purely masculine. To make the puppeteer's voice more squeaky and loud, a special whistle-beep was used, which was inserted into the larynx. In addition, the puppeteer tried to speak very quickly and laugh disgustingly at his every joke.

Plots

The plays of the theater (Petrushka was their main, but not the only hero) were rather monotonous. The main plots are: treatment and training for a soldier's service, a date with the bride, buying and testing a horse. The scenes followed one after another in a certain order. At the same time, the duration of the performance depended on how long the audience paid their attention to this street performance.

The action took place in the following sequence:

  • Petrushka decides to buy a horse from a gypsy horse-dealer. He negotiated with the seller for a long time. Then this occupation bothers him, and he beats the gypsy, who runs away.
  • Petrushka tries to get on the horse, but the horse throws him off and goes after the horse-dealer, leaving the cunning man lying motionless.
  • The doctor comes. He asks Petrushka about his illness. It turns out that he has a thousand diseases. The doctor and Petrushka fight because the patient calls the doctor rude. The bully hits the medic hard on the head with a baton.
  • The quarterly appears and asks Petrushka why he killed the doctor. Plut replies that he "does not know his science well." Then Petrushka beats the quarterman with a club and kills him. The dog comes running. Petrushka turns to the public and asks her for help. He then tries to appease the dog and promises to feed her cat meat. The dog grabs Petrusha by the nose and drags her away. With this the performance ended and the audience dispersed.

"Petrushka's wedding"

Sometimes, usually during Maslenitsa and other festivities, the performance, at the request of the public, could go on even longer. Then they played the scene "Petrushka's Wedding". Her story was crude and frivolous. Petrushka was brought a bride, whom he examined as if it were a horse. After he agreed to marry, long persuasion of the bride began to "sacrifice herself" before the wedding. From that moment on, the spectators left the performance, taking the children away. The remaining men listened with delight to Petrushka's greasy jokes.

There was also a scene with a priest or deacon. However, due to censorship considerations, it was not included in any of the collections where the texts of the performances with Petrushka were recorded.

"Death"

Among the characters of the Petrushka Theater was one of the most sinister, who defeated the main character. It was Death, who, after a verbal skirmish, took Petrushka with her. However, the hero soon resurrected in another place. This circumstance was the reason that some researchers began to find a connection between Petrushka and pagan deities, who endlessly died and were reborn here and there.

Puppet theaters in Moscow

Before October revolution such permanent cultural institutions did not exist, and performances were staged by single artists on the streets or in booths, or they were invited to private houses in order to entertain guests. The first real puppet theaters in Moscow appeared in the early 1930s. The most famous of them eventually became the largest in the world. This is the theater. S. Obraztsova. It is located at: st. Sadovaya-Samotechnaya, 3. In addition to it, at about the same time, the Moscow Puppet Theater appeared in the capital, originally created to popularize children's literature. He toured the country and introduced viewers to new works by Soviet authors written specifically for the younger generation.

Later, other puppet theaters in Moscow appeared: "Albatross", "Firebird", "Fairytale", "Chamber" and others. In them you can watch not only children's performances, but also performances specially created for adults.

To preserve the traditions of Russian street performances for children and adults, Andrey Shavel and artist Valentina Smirnova organized a new creative team. He received the name of the Russian folk theater "Petrushka" and made his debut in 1989 in the city of Fresino.

The theater puts on performances lasting 30 minutes right on the street and tries not to deviate from the traditional scenarios of farce performances.

The emergence of the theater "Petrushka" is associated with the desire of its creators to preserve the best that was in the street mass art past centuries.

Performances are also played indoors. In such cases, the audience is also introduced to the history of Petrushka and the Russian farce theater. In their work, actors use props that are an exact copy screens and dolls that their predecessors had, who entertained the public on the streets of Russian cities 150-200 years ago.

Now you know how the puppet Russian folk theater arose. Parsley is still of interest to children today, so be sure to take them to some performance in a farce style.

All people at least once in their lives visited a puppet theater as a child, or watched puppet shows on TV. The main characters of such performances are puppets. They are very diverse. But the main folk puppet hero, to this day, is Petrushka. His appearance in Rus' is unclear, but already in 1609, when the first puppet theaters were born, he was the main character in the action. His full name Petr Petrovich Uksusov.

But some historians who study puppet theater believe that his name was "Vanka Ratatouille", and attribute the origin of this puppet to France. The roots of Parsley actually come from overseas countries. he was always dressed in a "foreign manner": a red shirt, linen trousers and a cap with bells. His appearance is also not Russian, big hands and head big eyes and a huge hooked nose. His voice was also unusual.
The prototype of Petrushka is real man, historical person, favorite jester Russian empress Anna Ioannovna, whose name was Pietro Pedrillo. He was the son of an Italian and came to St. Petersburg as a court musician. But in the speed he had an incident with the court of the Empress, and one of her favorites suggested that he become a court jester. In this field, the Italian made a career, which helped him go down in history. He had intelligence and wit, which the Empress liked very much. She generously rewarded him, and after her death, Pietro Pedrillo went back to Italy, being a rich man. Among the courtiers, he had a variety of nicknames, one of which was "Petrushka", which served as the birth of the Russian doll, which became folk character puppet theatres.
Petrushka portrayed a silly character, but behind this there was a sharp mind. He was a bully, a wit, a fighter who always won everyone. All human vices were ridiculed in his face. In past centuries, puppet shows were played for the common people, they took place right on the squares, fairs. They ridiculed rulers, authorities and all those who treated people with disdain and unfairness. Parsley always won the rich, and the police, and the priests, and even death. The people saw themselves in him, and this helped them to believe that injustice could be overcome.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the image of Petrushka began to change. At first, there were persecutions of actors - puppeteers, and later, with the outbreak of the war, the people were not up to entertainment. And the actors began to play for children. Since then, Petrushka has become a good boy. His image has changed forever.

The origin of the doll

The origin of this doll, which appeared in Russia in the second half of the 19th century, has not been reliably clarified. Although in Russia Petrushki have been known since the 17th century. Russian puppeteers used marionettes (puppet theater on strings) and parsleys (glove puppets). Until the 19th century, preference was given to Petrushka, by the end of the century - puppets, as parsley-makers teamed up with organ-grinders.

Petrushka’s appearance is by no means Russian: he has exaggeratedly large hands and a head, facial features are hypertrophied, the face itself (carved from wood) is treated with a special vegetable liquid, which makes it look darker; large almond-shaped eyes and a huge aquiline nose, completely white eyeballs and a dark iris, due to which Petrushka's eyes appear black. He inherited Petrushka's appearance from the Italian Pulcinella. Many mistakenly believe that Petrushka's wide-open mouth is a smile, but this is not so; being negative character, Parsley constantly stretches his lips in a grin. He has four fingers on his hands possible symbol the fact that Petrushka is not a person, but a certain character from another world).

A typical misconception - to venerate Petrushka as an extremely ancient and primordially Russian hero, is based on his archetypal character traits, which originated in the depths human notions About Me. Parsley is the younger relative of much older ones: Italian Pulcinella, French Polichinel, English Punch, Turkish Karagöz, German Hanswurst and Kasperle, Spanish Don Cristobal and others, despite the fact that they are all theatrical puppet puppets and are controlled with the help of threads. The only analogue of Petrushka in terms of driving technique is Guignol glove doll, which appeared in Lyon in early XIX century.

The famous Russian writer Maxim Gorky, describing the image of Petrushka, wrote the following: “... a figure was created ... known to all nations ..... This is the invincible hero of the folk puppet comedy, he defeats everyone and everything: the police, priests, even the devil and death, himself remains immortal. In a rude and naive way, the working people embodied themselves and their belief that in the end it is they who will overcome everything and everyone.

Theater Description

The parsley screen consisted of three frames fastened with staples and covered with chintz. She was placed directly on the ground and hid the puppeteer. The hurdy-gurdy gathered the audience, and behind the screen the actor began to communicate with the audience through a beep (whistle). Later, with laughter and a reprise, he ran out himself, in a red cap and with a long nose. The organ-grinder sometimes became Petrushka's partner: because of the squeaker, speech was not always intelligible, and he repeated Petrushka's phrases, carried on a dialogue. The comedy with Petrushka was played out at fairs and in booths.

In Russia, only men "led" Petrushka. To make the voice louder and squeaky (this was necessary both for audibility at fair performances and for the special character of the character), they used a special beep inserted into the larynx. Petrushka's speech was supposed to be "piercing" and very fast.

Doll image

Before mid-nineteenth century in Russia, Petrushka did not yet have its current name. Most often, he was then called "Ivan Ratyutu" or "Ivan Ratatouy" (which betrays the French roots of the doll). There is a version about the origin of the nickname Petrushka from Ukrainian word"rescue" (save). The current name came to Petrushka after the appearance among his many everyday scenes of the miniature “Petrushka and the Policeman”, in which, during numerous attacks, the policeman says to Petrushka: “You don’t even have a passport!”, To which Petrushka proudly replies: “Yes! According to the passport, I am Pyotr Ivanovich Uksusov!

From some memoirs and diaries of the 1840s, it follows that Petrushka was called Pyotr Ivanovich Uksusov. The famous Russian puppeteer Sergei Obraztsov called Petrushka Petr Petrovich Uksusov (the story "Four Brothers") or Vanka Ratatuy.

Plots

There were main plots: the treatment of Petrushka, training in the soldier's service, the scene with the bride, buying a horse and testing it. The stories were passed from actor to actor, by word of mouth. No character in the Russian theater has had the popularity of Petrushka.

According to a widespread but unproven version, plays with the participation of Petrushka were still part of the repertoire of buffoons and consisted of humorous scenes and dialogues. Each scene depicted Petrushka's fight with one or another character (the fights were carried out with the help of fists, sticks, etc.).

Usually the performance began with the following plot: Petrushka decides to buy a horse, the musician calls a gypsy horse-dealer. Parsley examines the horse for a long time and bargains with the gypsy for a long time. Then Petrushka gets tired of bargaining, and instead of money, he beats the gypsy on the back for a long time, after which he ran away. Petrushka tries to get on a horse, which throws him off to the laughter of the audience. This could go on until the people laughed. Finally the horse runs away, leaving Petrushka lying dead. The doctor comes and asks Petrushka about his illnesses. It turns out that he is in pain. There is a fight between the Doctor and Petrushka, at the end of which Petrushka hits the enemy hard on the head with a club. “What kind of doctor are you,” Petrushka shouted, “if you ask where it hurts? Why did you study? He himself must know where it hurts! The quarter appears. "Why did you kill the doctor?" He replies: “Because he doesn’t know his science well.” After the interrogation, Petrushka beats the quarterly with a club on the head and kills him. A growling dog comes running. Parsley unsuccessfully asks for help from the audience and the musician, after which he flirted with the dog, promising to feed it with cat meat. The dog grabs him by the nose and drags him away, and Petrushka shouts: “Oh, my little head with a cap and a brush is gone!” The music stops, which means the end of the show.

If the audience liked it, they did not let the actors go, applauded, threw money, demanding continuation. Then they played a small scene "Petrushka's wedding." The bride is brought to Petrushka, he examined her the way they examine horses. He likes the bride, he does not want to wait for the wedding and begins to beg her to "sacrifice herself." From the stage where the bride “sacrifices herself”, the women left and took their children with them. According to some reports, another scene was very successful, in which there was spiritual person. She did not get into any of the recorded texts, most likely, censorship removed her. There were scenes in which Petrushka did not participate. It was dancing and juggling with balls and sticks.

Petrushka defeated all opponents, except for one - Death. In the last, final scene, Death took Petrushka with her. However, since Petrushka was used in the farce theater, it is natural that the performance was shown repeatedly and in different places. Thus, Petrushka, "dead" for one circle of spectators, "resurrected" for another. This gives rise to researchers to draw parallels between the image of Petrushka and many different pagan gods endlessly dying and resurrecting.

Here is what he remembers about Petrushka Alexander Benois:

“In fact, the first performances that I amused myself with were the performances of Petrushka.

In any case, I remember Petrushka at the dacha, when we were still living in the Cavalry houses. Already from a distance a piercing squeal, laughter and some words are heard - all this is pronounced Petrushechnik through a special machine, which he put on his cheek (the same sound can be reproduced if you pinch both nostrils with your finger). Motley cotton screens are quickly set up, the “musician” puts his barrel organ on folding goats, the nasal, plaintive sounds it makes are tuned in a special way ... And then a tiny and very ugly little man appears above the screens. He has a huge nose, and on his head is a pointed hat with a red top. He is unusually mobile and nimble, his hands are tiny, but he gestures very expressively with them, he deftly threw his thin legs over the side of the screen. Immediately, Petrushka teases the organ grinder with stupid and impudent questions...

Petrushka courts the terribly ugly Akulina Petrovna, he proposes to her, she agrees, and both make a kind of wedding walk, firmly holding on to the arm. But a rival appears - this is a gallant mustachioed policeman, and Akulina apparently gives him preference. Petrushka, in a rage, beats the guardian of order, for which he falls into the soldiers. But the soldier's teaching and discipline are not given to him, he continues to commit excesses and, oh horror, kills his non-commissioned officer. Here is an unexpected interlude. For no reason, they emerge two, in bright costumes of dressed, black -haired Arap. Each has a stick in their hands, which they deftly toss up, throw to each other, and, finally, loudly clobber each other on wooden heads with it. The interlude is over. Again on the screen Petrushka. He became even more fidgety, even more mobile, he enters into impudent altercations with the organ grinder, squeals, giggles, but the fatal denouement immediately comes. Suddenly, next to Petrushka, a figure gathered into a shaggy lump appears. Petrushka is extremely interested in her. In a nasal tone, he asks the musician what it is, the musician replies: "it's a lamb." Petrushka is delighted, strokes the "learned, soaked" lamb and sits on it. The “lamb” obediently makes two or three rounds with its rider along the side of the screen, but then suddenly throws it off, straightens up and, oh horror, this is not a lamb at all, but the devil himself. Horned, all overgrown with black hair, with a hooked nose and a long red tongue protruding from a toothy mouth. The devil butts Petrushka and ruthlessly pats him, so that the arms and legs dangle in all directions, and then drags him into the underworld. Three more times the pitiful body of Petrushka takes off from some bowels high, high, and then only his death cry is heard and an “eerie” silence sets in ... "

Life of the Artist. Memories. Volume 2. Alexandre Benois

In the 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th century, the "Comedy about Petrushka" begins to collapse. Parsley began to appear at children's parties and New Year trees, the text of the scenes changed, losing its sharpness. Petrushka stopped killing. He brandished his club and dispersed his enemies. He spoke politely, and the "wedding" changed, turning into a dance with the bride. The rude common language has disappeared, and with it the individuality of the hooligan-joker, to whom both old and young ran.

Literature

  • O. Tsekhnovitser. History of folk puppet theater in Asia and Europe
  • Parsley. Street theatre. [M., 1918]
  • Simonovich-Efimova N. Ya. Notes of a parsley. M. - L., 1925
  • Goldovsky B.P. Dolls. Encyclopedia. - M.: Time, 2004
  • Smirnova N. I. Soviet theater dolls 1918-1932. M., 1963

Sources

Links

  • Parsley is not just a toy. Petr Petrovich Uksusov // klopp.ru

see also

  • Pedrillo is one of the likely prototypes of Petrushka the character.
  • Petrushka (theatre)

Initially, the puppets at the performances “acted out” fairy tales, the main characters of which were gods, later biblical stories became popular.

In the Middle Ages, every buffoon-artist had his own “tame” hero - a mocker-puffer, releasing obscene and evil witticisms against those in power. What is the demand from the doll?

Hosts-buffoons, itinerant actors dressed pranksters in a red cap corresponding to their title and rank and gave their jesters sonorous, bright names. The first Italian Parsley was called Pulcinella, which means "cockerel".

Italian Pulcinella

The French colleague Petrushka was called Polichinelle

In Germany Casper or Ganswurst

Funny Englishmanmr punch


In Turkey - Karagöz, in Spain - Don Cristobal. Russian Petrushka - a ruddy joker, a participant in fair scenes, a character in Russian folk puppet shows, a glove doll in a red shirt, canvas pants and a cap with a tassel.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov in the poem “To Whom It Is Good to Live in Rus'” described the “Comedy with Petrushka” as follows:

Comedy with Petrushka,

With a goat with a drummer

And not with a simple hurdy-gurdy,

And with real music

They looked here.

Comedy is not smart

However, not stupid

Khozhalom quarterly

Not in the eyebrow, but right in the eye!

Petrushka in a red cap, with a big nose, and a piercing voice has been preferred by Russian puppeteers for more than three centuries for a reason. Jesters have always been considered in Rus' as a special caste, which was allowed to tell the truth, dressing it in a witty and sparkling joke.

PETRUSHKA, “a nickname for a farce doll, a Russian jester, a joker, a wit in a red caftan and in a red cap; the name of Petrushka is also the whole clownish, puppet den ”(V.I. Dal).

The origin of this doll, which appeared in Russia in the second half of the 19th century, has not been reliably clarified. The first written mention of a puppet theater in Russia dates back to 1609. The most famous doll of that time was Petrushka. It was first seen in Russia by the German writer, traveler and diplomat Adam Olearius. This happened almost 400 years ago! In 1730, an article about the puppet theater and its protagonist was first published in the St. Petersburg Vedomosti newspaper.

Many descriptions of these street screen performances have survived. IN late XIX centuries parsley usually paired with organ grinders. From morning until late evening, puppeteers went from place to place, repeating the story of Petrushka's adventures many times a day - it was small, and the whole performance lasted 20-30 minutes. The actor carried a folding screen and a bundle or a chest with dolls on his shoulder, and the musician carried a heavy, up to thirty kilograms, hurdy-gurdy.

Russian puppeteers used marionettes (the theater of puppets on strings) and glove puppets-parsley (in Russia only men “led” Petrushka). The set and order of the scenes varied slightly, but the core of the comedy remained the same. Petrushka greeted the audience, introduced himself and started a conversation with the musician. The organ grinder from time to time became Petrushka's partner: entering into a conversation with him, he either exhorted him, or warned him of the danger, or suggested what to do. These dialogues were also conditioned by a very important technical reason: Petrushka's speech was not always intelligible because of the squeaker, and the organ grinder, while conducting the dialogue, repeated Petrushka's phrases, thus helping the audience to understand the meaning of his words. The fact is that Petrushka speaks in a special voice with the help of a special instrument - a squeaker or "talker". Anyone who has ever blown into a blade of grass sandwiched between the palms can understand the principle of its action, extracting either a squeak or a "crowing". So the squeaker is arranged in exactly the same way, only instead of a blade of grass - a strip of fabric, and instead of palms - metal plates. Parsley presses the squeaker with its tongue against the upper palate; when exhaling, the tissue oscillates (like vocal cords), here's the sound! Until the middle of the 19th century in Russia, Petrushka did not yet have its current name. Most often, he was then called "Peter Ivanovich Ukusov", "Samovarov", "Vanka Ra-ta-tu-em."

Petrushka was portrayed as a stupid character, but behind this stupidity lurked worldly cunning. He is a mocker, sometimes rude, he is pugnacious and cocky. In the person of Petrushka, the people ridiculed their bosses and masters - their hypocrisy, arrogance, passion for wine and delicacies, neglect of common people. Maxim Gorky, describing the image of Petrushka, wrote the following: “... a figure was created ... known to all peoples ... This is the invincible hero of the folk puppet comedy, he defeats everyone and everything: the police, priests, even the devil and death, himself- Joe remains immortal. In a rude and naive way, the working people embodied themselves and their belief that in the end it is they who will overcome everything and everyone.

With the onset of the 20th century, the "Comedy of Petrushka" begins to rapidly collapse. The reason for this was the strict control of the authorities, which amounted to direct persecution and prohibitions. Petrushka's situation worsened even more when the first World War. Famine and devastation gripped Russia; the people had no time for entertainment, and Petrushka was losing its audience catastrophically quickly. In order to earn a living, puppeteers are increasingly beginning to play their comedy in front of "well-bred" children's audiences. They are invited to children's parties, Christmas trees; in the summer they go to the dachas. Naturally, under such conditions, the text and action of many scenes inevitably changed. Petrushka became almost a good boy. Now he was brandishing a club and just dispersing his enemies, talking politely. The vulgar speech disappeared, and with it the individuality of the bully-joker, to whom both old and young ran. Tradition folk theater dolls in the XX century was interrupted.

It's curious

The prototype of the Petrushka fair doll is a real historical person - the favorite jester of Anna Ioannovna, the Russian Empress from 1730 to 1740. The name of that jester was Pietro Mira Pedrillo, he was the son of Italian sculptor. Pedrillo came to St. Petersburg to the court of the Empress as a musician playing the role of buffa and playing the violin. At the very beginning of his career, he had an incident with the courtiers. Count Biron, a favorite of the Empress, invited the young musician to try himself as a court jester.

Pietro Pedrillo, with such a sonorous surname, natural wit and brilliant mind, was able to make a dizzying career at the court of Anna Ioannovna. He was her constant card partner, generously rewarded and treated kindly by her. The jester left Russia as a very wealthy man after the death of the empress. His palace nicknames were varied - "Adamka", "Antonio", "Petrushka". It was the last name that the puppet joker of all fairs and booths of that time was named. So the Italian court jester became the "father" of the Russian doll, which will forever remain part of the national color.

And Petrushka’s appearance is by no means Russian: he has exaggeratedly large hands and a head, facial features are hypertrophied, the face itself (carved from wood) is treated with a special vegetable liquid, which makes it look darker; large almond-shaped eyes and a huge hooked nose, completely white eyeballs and a dark iris, due to which Petrushka's eyes appear black. He inherited Petrushka's appearance from the Italian Pulcinella. Many mistakenly believe that Petrushka's wide-open mouth is a smile, but this is not so; being a negative character, Petrushka constantly stretches his lips in a grin. He has four fingers on his hands (a possible symbol that Petrushka is not a person, but some character from another world).

Here is what Alexandre Benois recalls about Petrushka in his book “The Life of an Artist” (Memoirs, Volume 2): “In fact, the first performances that I amused myself with were the performances of Petrushka.

In any case, I remember Petrushka at the dacha, when we were still living in the Cavalry houses. A piercing squeal, laughter and some words are already heard from afar - all this is uttered by Petrushechnik through a special typewriter, which he put on his cheek (the same sound can be reproduced if you pinch both nostrils with your finger). Motley cotton screens are quickly set up, the “musician” puts his barrel organ on folding goats, the nasal, mournful sounds it makes are tuned in a special way ... And then a tiny and very ugly little man appears above the screens. He has a huge nose, and on his head is a pointed hat with a red top. He is unusually mobile and nimble, his hands are tiny, but he gestures very expressively with them, he deftly threw his thin legs over the side of the screen. Immediately, Petrushka bullies the organ grinder with stupid and impudent questions....

Petrushka courts the terribly ugly Akulina Petrovna, he proposes to her, she agrees, and both make a kind of wedding walk, firmly holding on to the arm. But a rival appears - this is a gallant mustachioed policeman, and Akulina apparently gives him preference. Petrushka, in a rage, beats the peace officer, for which he gets into the soldiers. But the soldier's teaching and discipline are not given to him, he continues to commit excesses and, oh horror, kills his non-commissioned officer. Here is an unexpected interlude. For no reason, they emerge two, in bright costumes of dressed, black -haired Arap. Each has a stick in their hands, which they deftly toss up, throw to each other, and, finally, loudly clobber each other on wooden heads with it. The interlude is over. Again on the screen Petrushka. He became even more fidgety, even more mobile, he enters into impudent altercations with the organ grinder, squeals, giggles, but the fatal denouement immediately comes. Suddenly, next to Petrushka, a figure gathered into a shaggy lump appears. Petrushka is extremely interested in her. In a nasal voice, he asks the musician what it is, the musician replies: "it's a lamb." Petrushka is delighted, strokes the "learned, soaked" lamb and sits on it. The "lamb" obediently makes two or three rounds along the side of the screen with its rider, but then suddenly throws it off, straightens up and, oh horror, this is not a lamb at all, but the devil himself. Horned, all overgrown with black hair, with a hooked nose and a long red tongue protruding from a toothy mouth. The devil butts Petrushka and ruthlessly pats him, so that the arms and legs dangle in all directions, and then drags him to the underworld. Three more times the pitiful body of Petrushka takes off from some bowels high, high, and then only his death cry is heard and an “eerie” silence sets in ... "

Galina Morozova

Abstract complex lesson on the topic« Cheerful Parsley»

Compiled and conducted: Morozova Galina Viktorovna

Location classes: MDOU kindergarten of combined type No. 25 "Teremok" city ​​of Volzhsk, Republic of Mari El

Item: Visual activity V kindergarten- artistic origami construction, decorative drawing.

Children's age: preparatory group kindergarten - 6 - 7 years.

Duration Algorithm time classes:

1 lesson - 40 minutes.

Organizational moment - 2 minutes.

Presentation « parsley different countries » - 3 minutes.

Didactic game "Choose your pay"- 3 minutes.

Examination of the step-by-step map of folding the toy « parsley» origami method - 2 minutes.

Finger gymnastics "Cap"- 1 minute.

Folding crafts - toys Parsley - 10 minutes.

Physical education minute « Merry Parsley » - 2 minutes.

Decorative costume decoration Parsley - 15 minutes.

Analysis of work - 2 minutes.

Materials for occupation:

Didactic material: technology TCO computer multimedia presentation on the topic « parsley different countries and peoples"- 12 slides, step-by-step map of step-by-step folding of the toy parsley.

Handout: Didactic game "Choose your pay", square sheets of paper 15x15 or 20x20, blanks cut out of paper - pink palms and wigs - brown, red, black, yellow, origami boxes, glue stick, felt-tip pens, scissors.

Methods and techniques used on lesson:

information-receptive method,

verbal method,

visual method,

practical method,

game method.

IN lesson included: Organizing time, art word, riddle, presentation « Parsley from different countries» , didactic game, finger game, physical culture minute, analysis of children's work, surprise moment.

Target: Introduce children to the Russian theater glove toy parsley enrich children's knowledge by introducing parsley different countries and peoples.

Tasks:

Learning tasks:

Learn to fold a new origami craft by folding a square into different directions, using familiar basic shapes when working - a triangle and a kite, clearly following the instructions of the teacher;

To consolidate the skills of decorative decoration of finished crafts in various ways different patterns and Mari national ornaments, use a combination of bright, colorful colors to create expressive image toys.

Development tasks:

Develop constructive thinking, eye, fantasy, imagination.

Educational tasks:

Cultivate accuracy, the desire to help a friend.

Dictionary:

Nouns: Parsley, buffoon, jester, theater, puppeteer, glove puppets, clothes, patterns.

adjectives: beautiful, mischievous, funny, funny, elegant, colorful, motley, decorative, vegetable.

Verbs: plays, amuses, jokes, laughs, performs.

preliminary work:

Reading fairy tales, playing various types of theater, learning teasers, tongue twisters, proverbs.

Proverbs

What a buffoon's wife, always cheerful.

Laughter - that he blew a bagpipe, played and threw it.

Vesel like a spring lark.

Pleases, like a buffoon on his whistle.

A buffoon is like a broom, dancing around the hut.

Riddles:

He is with a bell in his hand,

In a blue-red cap.

He funny toy,

And his name is... Parsley

I start the show, the audience is surprised,

Louder you call me, rattle rattles,

I funny, mischievous, who will tell who is ... Parsley

He beats loudly on the laurels,

He invites everyone to the feast.

fun toy, our good friend… Parsley

For a long time we waited for the holiday, everyone thought, wondered,

Whom to invite to visit, small children to amuse ... Petrushka

A guy in a red hat rides on a silver horse,

It rings like a golden bridle, looks in all directions,

He waves his whip, a horse dances under him ... Parsley

In him puppet show play, in the lobby there is a buffet for children.

But you don’t need to eat in the hall, no chocolate, no sweets. Puppet show

Conversation "Who are the people amused» - buffoons, jesters, parsley

Encyclopedic information about object: Parsley is a doll, which is put on the hand, he is the hero of the Russian folk puppet theater. Motherland Petrushki - Russia. The puppet theater is one of the most favorite spectacles of children, it attracts with its brightness, colorfulness, dynamics. The most common type of puppet theater in our country is the theater parsley or just puppet theater. Parsley, by whose name the dolls are called, boastful, cheeky jovial, with a long nose, with a club in his hands, bold and cheerful bully who doesn't mind fighting. He threatens with a stick, bullies himself, taunts everyone, makes faces and jumps. He is dressed in a red shirt, on his head is a bright cap with bells and tassels. His loud cry once resounded through courtyards, fairs and squares. Today parsley can be found on the puppet theater stage. Stage in the theater parsley serves as a screen. The puppeteers, hidden behind a screen, control the puppets and speak for them. Theater parsley has a history, 300 years before the October Revolution vagrant parsley walked around towns and villages, with a piercing voice gathered crowds of people around the screen, inviting them to watch their unpretentious performance. Theater repertoire parsley was not varied, various options showing the same comedy about how Parsley was taken to the soldiers how he pretended to be sick, how he bought a horse from a gypsy and how he got married. But in the main text, the puppeteers inserted replicas and small interludes on hot topics, sharply and caustically ridiculed the local authorities, the tsarist government, the police and the clergy. Simple tricks theater parsley, lively, expressive play of small actors, simple scenes imbued with folk humor, all taken together represented a cheerful, close and understandable spectacle to the general public. Dolls knew how to make people laugh and amuse, to sympathize with the sorrows of people, to rejoice at their successes. Theater parsley I bought big success and soon became a favorite of the people amusement, without which not a single fair, not a single holiday took place.

Theatrical puppets puppets

The clown and the horse lived a long theatrical and museum life. They were made in the last century by unknown talented craftsmen and together with other theater puppets parsley"performed" on festivities in Moscow. In the early 1920s, the puppet theater was acquired by the toy museum. Today these are its most valuable exhibits. Every puppet in the theater parsley- characteristic traditional image. Parsley- one of the characters of Russian folk puppet shows. For several centuries Parsley, in a red cap, in a red shirt, remained the favorite hero of the Russian people. The plot of the performance was always the same, but over time, new characters, new jokes, new anecdotes appeared in the performance. The plot of the show is simple. Several on stage dolls: horse, Parsley and Gypsy.

In total, the puppeteers had more than twenty scenes, and in each Parsley- he is Peter Ivanovich Uksusov, he is Peter Petrovich, Samovarov, Vanya, Vanka Ratatouy, Vanka Ru-tyu-tyu, Ivan Ivanovich Gulyaka - “the nickname of a farce doll, a Russian jester, a joker, a wit in a red caftan and a red cap; name is parsley also the whole clownish, puppet den " (V. Dahl)

Usually the performance began with the fact that laughter or a song was heard from behind the screen and the Parsley in a clownish komzolchik and in a high cap with a tassel. He waved his arms, bowed in all directions, squealed piercingly, beat on a copper plate, danced, joked with the audience. In some scenes Parsley met with the bride Matrena Ivanovna, in others he studied soldiery, fought with the devil or death, to the approving hubbub of the crowd he beat the quarter or master with a club. Mandatory companion Parsley was a horse. "Not a horse, but wonder: runs - trembles, but if he falls, he will not get up. Drive in the wind without a collar in two whips, it flies like an arrow and does not look back. He will run up the mountain - he will cry, and he will run from the mountain - he will jump, but he will get stuck in the mud, so take him from there yourself. Great horse!" - for such reincarnations, the master of the theatrical horse adapted. The toy is movable, its legs are carefully carved. These living running legs with black hooves, freely suspended from the body on wires, correspond to the slightest movement of the figure. Their movement is varied in the game. In the dexterous hands of the puppeteer, the horse is transformed with the help of threads. She then - flies with a dashing rider parsley, then dances, ringing bells and waving her tail, then sits down or lies down, then kicks, dropping her rider, then slowly trudges, tired amuse the audience. The horse is decorative, beautiful. White in gray apples, decorated with an elegant horsecloth with golden fringe, round-browed with protruding leather ears, it is close in image to the formation of folklore fairy-tale horses.

Lesson progress

teacher:

Everything is in place, everything is in order,

Is everyone seated correctly?

Is everyone watching closely?

Well, let's guess the riddle in order

Who will find the answer faster

The first one and the subject classes will be called.

Mystery: His outfit is colorful, his cap is sharp,

jokes laughter, amuse everyone!

He - funny toy and his name is...

Children: Parsley.

A glove puppet appears from behind a screen Parsley

(all actions and text for Parsley says the teacher changing the tone of your voice).

Parsley: Hello guys,

Snub-nosed girls, perky boys.

I Parsley is a merry fellow - he knows it, everyone!

I will play with you and help you!

I did not come to you alone, but I brought friends with me.

Parsley from different countries.

Do you want to get to know us?

Children's answers

Parsley: In past years, wandering puppeteers went around cities and villages, who gave performances at fairs, bazaars and courtyards. I have many friends in different countries, all of them different nationalities, each has its own name and its own beautiful outfit.

Do you want to get to know them?

Children's answers

Parsley: Let's get acquainted?

I Parsley- the hero of the Russian folk theater. Russia is my homeland.

teacher: Guys, look what Parsley! In a red shirt, he has a cap with bells and tassels. He threatens with a stick all lazy people, liars, villains of all stripes and is always ready to stand up for honest and hardworking people. Loud petrushkin cry"E-ge-gay!" used to be distributed in courtyards, at fairs and squares. Today Parsley moved to the stage of the puppet theater.

Do you like this funny hero?

Children's answers

Children are shown a computer multimedia presentation through a projector « parsley different countries and peoples", the teacher comments on the slides for the toy - parsley

Slides text:

Parsley: “First, the open was born. He lives in France. He is seven hundred years old!”

And then Guignol was born. He was so loved that even in the city of Lyon a monument was erected. He is very young - he is two hundred years old.

Kashparek, he is over three hundred years old. But even today he takes part in many performances of the Czechoslovak puppet theater.

Pulcinella was born in sunny Italy. He loves jokes and good song. He is always wearing a mask.

Caspele from Germany, he is many years old, he could be found at fairs and squares, and now on the stage of the theater.

The hero of folk puppet shows, Palvan - Kachal, performs in Iran and other countries of the East.

Englishman Punch, cunning, mischievous, bold, laughs a lot.

The brave knight Laszlo lives in Hungary, he is ready at any moment to join the battle for truth and justice.

And in the Mari Republic I have a young friend Parsley. Mari children's writers Margarita Fadeeva and Anatoly Smirnov wrote big book "Adventures Petrushka and his friends» .

The teacher shows the book to the children.

In this book Parsley is still very young but already very brave - real hero fairy tales. The book was published in 1961 and was immediately liked by young readers, in this 2011 it has a golden anniversary of 50 years since it was written and published.

1 slide Presentation « parsley different countries and peoples"

2 slide 3 slide 4 slide 5 slide 6 slide 7 slide 8 slide 9 slide 10 slide 11slide 12slide

Parsley:

Guys, do you like my friends?

I have a lot "relatives" in different countries?

Have you noticed how different and beautiful everyone has Parsley costumes, multicolored?

Children's answers

Parsley: - spinning, showing his suit, oh - oh, yes, I have a problem, while I was jumping and playing with you, somewhere I tore my suit, help you friends, find a patch for my outfit, and I'll see if you can make beautiful patterns.

Conducted didactic game "Choose your pay"

Purpose of the game: Develop visual perception, attention, logical thinking, memory, imagination.

Material: A-4 size cards with six sectors, each sector has its own drawing in which there is a space in the form of a geometric figure, geometric shapes with patterns.

Game progress: There is a card on the tables in front of each child, the children must lay out the missing figures "patchwork" into a card, selecting them according to their shape, color and pattern, if inserted correctly geometric figure which is decorated with a suitable card pattern, then the patterns coincide with the main one, and the correct ornament is obtained.

Didactic game "Choose your pay"

Children do the task

Parsley: What kind of masters are you? Famously made up all the patterns. For such work, remuneration is required, and I always have new ideas ready. I will teach you a toy - fold parsley.

Do you want to learn?

Children's answers

Parsley: Then look at the operational map, how to do it.

What, you can make such Petrushek, are your pens skillful or so-so?

teacher: Skillful, skillful, still what skillful. Now we will show you a game about your cap with our skillful fingers.

finger game "Cap"

The cap is sewn, - hands above the head "caps"

Yes, not in - Kolpakovsky - hands are lowered to the bottom.

It is necessary to recalp the cap - the rotation of the brushes from oneself and towards oneself.

Yes, re-digging - the rotation of the brushes away from you and towards you.

Parsley: interesting game you know, and now friends to work.

The teacher shows the operational map and comments on the sequential folding of the toy to the children

Manufacturing sequence parsley

1. Adding the basic shape "kite", bend the square diagonally, we get a triangle shape, expand it and bend both sides to the middle.

2. Turn the workpiece on reverse side, and bend both sides to the center.

3. Straighten the resulting triangles up, and bend the resulting workpiece back in the middle of the resulting triangles.

4. Cut out the triangle, and insert the sharp corner of the future cap into the cut off triangle.

5. At the bottom we cut an acute angle in the center - these are future shoes parsley.

6. Glue the round head, wig and hands.

When the work is ready, prepared paper palms and wigs are glued.

Parsley: We are all cheerful and amuse everyone around, and why are you sitting, quickly we all get up together to play with you, we will start.

Physical education minute « Merry Parsley»

We funny Parsley,

We play too loud.

We all clap our hands and stomp our feet.

We puff out our cheeks, we jump on our toes.

And we even show our tongues to each other.

Let's stick out our ears, cap on top,

I put my hands up to my nose and jump up to the ceiling.

Let's open our mouth wide "A", we will build faces.

How do I say the word "Three", all freeze with a grimace - the children read the poem and beat it, performing all the movements indicated in it.

Parsley reminds children of their beautiful outfit

Parsley: Guys, you have not forgotten what beautiful costumes we have, colorful, bright pants from two halves different color, one can be with a floral pattern, the other with a stripe, a check, and what elegant shirts, the cap on the head must be painted over in one color. You really try, decorate the costume with different patterns, oh, I almost forgot and we always have a smile on our face, we merry fellows, and our eyes are burning with sparks, and we also have a cap with a brush.

The teacher puts the elements of decorative patterns on the board.

Children decorate costumes Petrushka.

teacher: invites children to collect all the toy figures Petrushek together and analyze classes using a game exercise "Find your parsley» , asks by what signs the children recognized their parsley.

What is special about your parsley how did you know him?

If one of the children finds it difficult to describe his toy, the teacher helps to him: yours parsley the most - a painted outfit, a multi-colored shirt, a colorful cap, striped pants, a mischievous look, how slyly screwed up his eyes, funny he has a beautiful smile, colorful, amazing.

Parsley: Children, you are great, what wonderful friends I have and in your kindergarten, I like your parsley.

Children and teacher: Thank you Parsley, you are so cheerful all of us amused and amused, he taught to fold an interesting toy, come to visit us more often, we are always glad to see you.

Parsley: Thank you guys, and now you all close your eyes and I will stroke the head of the one whose Parsley I liked it the most, but don't look too hard.

Parsley pats all the children on the head.

Now open all your eyes class is over, in parting, I give you a delicious candy called « Parsley» .