Russian academic youth theater. Russian Academic Youth Theater

“The roar of trams. All colorful, the square either moves forward, then suddenly stops, and thousands of human heads raise their eyes upward: flocks of airplanes are rushing over Moscow - sometimes in a goose triangle, sometimes changing formation, like pieces of glass in a kaleidoscope.”
V.A. Gilyarovsky,
"Moscow and Muscovites"

One of central squares Moscow Teatralnaya, has a long and very rich history. Before its construction began, there was a real swamp here - because the Neglinnaya River flowed through the square - on the site of the current Central Department Store and the Maly Theater, with a smooth bend crossing the square diagonally, feeding the Kremlin moat with water. But this did not prevent traders from selling flowers along its banks during periods free from floods. That's why she wore for many years such a romantic name - Flower Square.

History of Neglinka

However, Muscovites did not like this square: it smelled painfully bad, and the Neglinka River often overflowed its banks, spilling sewage onto the surface, which more than once caused typhoid epidemics. Moscow journalist and researcher Vladimir Gilyarovsky, known as Uncle Gilyai, writes about it this way: “In addition to the “legal” sewer pipes drawn from the streets for rain and utility water, most wealthy homeowners installed secret underground drains in Neglinka to discharge sewage, instead of transport them in barrels, as was the case everywhere in Moscow before the construction of sewerage systems. And all this sewage went into the Moscow River.”

The wooden bridge, thrown across the river in 1488, during times of heavy rains and river floods was the only possible way for passers-by and crews. But even if it continued across the entire square, it was not convenient enough to move around. The bridge was called Petrovsky in honor of the nearby Petrovka Street (following them, the square will receive its new name - Petrovskaya). But in 1516, a pond will be dug in the southern part of the square, Neglinnaya will be blocked by a dam, and it will no longer flood the square.
The pond through an underground tunnel will continue to provide water to the Kremlin moat. And after him from 1538 years will pass the fortress wall of Kitay-Gorod with a “water gate” through which the townspeople will come to the pond for water.
However, it is unlikely that the bridge will no longer be necessary - A. Vasnetsov’s painting clearly shows that the bridge, which began in the Cannon Yard area and stretched across the entire Petrovskaya Square for 256 meters in the 17th century, still exists.

The rubbish and sewage behind the dam will continue to accumulate, and the smell from them will continue to disturb passers-by. But not the city authorities, because the river will be removed underground only by the end of the 18th century, transferring it into a specially dug underground channel.

And here Neglinka’s story will not end yet. The channel will begin to throw away waste water to the Moscow River, pipes underground river will not clean; The authorities' indifference to this place will make it a den for many generations of criminals.
Vladimir Gilyarovsky once descended into these pipes, accompanied by “locals”:

“I pulled my hunting boots higher, buttoned up my leather jacket and began to descend. Elbows and shoulders touched the walls of the pipe. With my hands I had to firmly hold on to the dirty steps of a vertical, swinging staircase, supported, however, by the workers who remained at the top. With every step down, the stench became stronger and stronger. It was getting creepy. Finally, the sound of water and squelching was heard. I looked up. All I could see was a quadrangle of blue, bright sky and the face of the worker holding the ladder. A cold, bone-piercing dampness overcame me.”

The reporter's note he wrote about the central underground cesspool stimulates the putting of Neglinka's pipes in order. But such cleansing will require regular repetition. And the river will again be clogged, especially near the Maly Theater. Only in 1926 the Moscow City Council will clean the waters of the river and divert it from the Maly Theater.

Development of the area

In his amazing book-research “From the history of Moscow streets” Pyotr Vasilyevich Sytin says that the territory Theater Square historically refers to White City. In the 16th and 17th centuries, mainly boyars and nobles who were in the royal service lived here. Their land was called “white” - which means exempt from land taxes.
Already in the 14th century Zaneglimenie– western part White City- was fairly built up by people from Rzhev, Veliky Ustyug, Novgorod, Tver and Dmitrov. In the 15th century, the western part of the White City was built up with “country” courtyards of boyars and other nobility, churches and monasteries. Foreigners who came to Moscow a century later paid attention to large number churches in the city.

There were also churches in the square. Opposite the entrance to the current RAMT there is a stone Church of the Transfiguration on Kopje(existed until 1817). And opposite the modern Bolshaya Dmitrovka and the end of the RAMT building, approximately where Okhotny Ryad Street now turns into Teatralny Proezd, 1458 appeared Church of Anastasia the Pattern Maker with a cemetery. In 1723, Peter the Great, decisively rebuilding Moscow, by his decree forbade burying the dead in the city center, but the cemetery at this temple is still for a long time remained. The temple will be demolished in 1793 according to the plan for the regulation of Moscow and the creation of Okhotny Ryad Square.

In general, the city began to resemble a city, and the square began to resemble a square, precisely under Peter. In the 16th century Moscow was still wooden, its streets are paved with wooden logs.
In the 17th century, the main streets of the White City were already covered wooden pavements with sidewalks made of logs and boards, across numerous rivers and streams are thrown bridges. There was no lighting at that time, passers-by walked with hand-held lanterns, and the path for the carriages of the nobility and the rich was illuminated by mounted servants riding in front and on the sides with lanterns.

In 1700 and 1705 Peter I issues decrees to pave the streets within the Boulevard Ring with cobblestones. And since 1712 - about the development of the White City stone buildings, adjacent to one another. By the end of the 18th century, he himself would no longer exist, but all his decrees would be carried out.

Peter either forbade or punished the construction of stone buildings in the White City, until after his death, in 1728, the Supreme Privy Council issued a decree according to which it was allowed to erect stone and wooden buildings in Moscow “whoever wants what” and wherever he wants.

However, at the end of the 18th century, on the main streets of the White City there were mostly stone houses of 2-3 floors, and in some places - real palaces. The streets were already covered cobblestone street and sidewalks made of crushed stone, with the onset of darkness on poles every 20 meters they burned oil lanterns(kerosene lamps will appear on the streets in 1865, gas lamps in 1869, and then electric lighting in 1896).

The new development was also facilitated by the great Moscow fire of 1737, when all the wooden courtyards burned down. By the middle of the 18th century, the courtyard between Pushkinskaya Street (now Bolshaya Dmitrovka) and the square belonged to princes of Cherkassy. To the east - on the square itself there were courtyards of princes Turkestan and Golitsyn. Opposite the Maly Theater on the square courtyards of the Prince of Siberia. On the site of the Bolshoi Theater park stood a tavern "Petrovsky circled."

Opposite B. Dmitrovka on the even side of the current Okhotny Ryad at the end of the 18th century there was school for training architectural students of Prince Ukhtomsky.
Next to the school to the east there was a large courtyard with wooden buildings and a garden to the Neglinnaya River. To the east of the courtyard there are wooden baths with a large well. In front of the bathhouse there is a pancake shop - a small shop selling pancakes.

In general, something special needs to be said about the baths. In everyday life, Muscovites were clean, they loved to wash and steam, and therefore there were many bathhouses in the White City - both commercial and in courtyards. To the south of the Petrovsky Bridge there were two wooden baths with cranes supplying water from the river. And in 1838-1842, on the site of the current " Metropol" merchant Chelyshev built two-story house the facade was similar to the Maly Theater, inside of which there were the same bathhouses beloved by Muscovites!
But the streets were poorly cleaned. In the 17th century, it was even necessary to issue decrees obliging people to clean the streets in front of their yards and take garbage out of the city.

Fire of 1812 – new story area

The fire of 1812 made adjustments to the design of the square. After him, large construction began under the leadership of the architect O. Bove. Many residential buildings were built in classical style, decorated with columns, stucco moldings, bas-reliefs. Moscow was at that time noble capital and served mostly nobles, that is why in the White City, in addition to mansions and palaces, there were noble institutions: the University, the Noble Assembly of the Nobility, the Manege, and, of course, theaters - which were all built in the same classic style. The streets were covered with asphalt in some places.

In 1817-1821, on the site of courtyards, the Church of the Savior on Kopye and Petrovskaya Street, a square with modern outlines was planned. On the site of the Medox Theater (who, together with Prince Urusov, bought Golitsyn’s house and set it up Petrovsky Public Theater) in 1824 the architect Beauvais builds Bolshoi Theater, and in the same year - Maly Theater, leased to the theater management and acquired by it for the treasury only in 1830. On the square on the sides of the passage to Okhotny Ryad there were stone houses. On the northern corner - house of K.M. Poltoratsky, built in 1821 (now the RAMT building), on the south - Senate Printing House(1818-1821). In the 1830s they were obliged to make their facades similar to the Maly Theater. Since 1829, the square has already been called Teatralnaya - after the theaters located on it.

New home was a copy of the merchant V. Vargin who stood opposite the house. The first floor was occupied by shops and open gallery, the second was residential.

In 1840, the house was transferred to the merchant P.A. Bronnikov, and here an artistic circle began to gather under the leadership of A.N. Ostrovsky. The Artistic Circle Theater became one of the first private theaters in Russia.

I had the pleasure of knowing the mother of hacks personally. She was a person of unknown age, without a name or patronymic, who silently and mysteriously appeared at dusk at the entrance of the Artistic Circle (she was not allowed into the Circle), and here, on the stairs, she fished out those she needed. In her sleeved coat and eared bonnet, she resembled bat. Small, nimble and toothless.
Her name was Shkamorda.
Where does this surname come from? She insisted that her ancestor was Bogdan Khmelnytsky.
Be that as it may, instead of the current acting term “to hack,” in 1875 in Moscow there was “shkamordit.”

In 1889 A.S. Kaminsky rebuilt the building, and in 1898 B. Freidenberg remodeled it for the theater of the entrepreneur and director M.V. Lentovsky.

Since then, the building of the Russian Academic Youth Theater has remained virtually unchanged.

Lentovsky wanted to create an exemplary drama theater with a varied repertoire, where operetta, extravaganza, and drama would coexist. In September 1898, the Imperial Palace opened here. new theater. The youth of Maly and Bolshoi Theaters. The Lentovsky Theater operated until 1936.

- (RAMT), founded in 1921 as the Moscow Theater for Children, since 1938 Central Children's Theater, since 1992 modern name, academic since 1987. Director K.Ya. Shah Azizov (1945 74). IN different years Directors G. A. Tovstonogov worked in the theater,... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

RAMT Drama Theater (Teatralnaya Square, 2/7). Founded in 1921 as the Moscow Theater for Children under the direction of N.I. Sats. Since 1936 the Central Children's Theater (CDT), since 1987 academic, since 1992 RAMT. The main directors of the first years of the CDT Sats (1936... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)

Drama Theater (, 2/7). Founded in 1921 as Moscow under the leadership. Since 1936 the Central Children's Theater (CDT), since 1987 academic, since 1992 RAMT. The main directors of the first years of the CDT Sats (193637) and V.F. Dudin (193743);… … Moscow (encyclopedia)

Russian Youth Theater- Russian Youth Theater RUSSIAN YOUTH THEATER, founded in 1921 as the Moscow Theater for Children, since 1938 the Central Children's Theater, since 1992 the modern name, since 1987 academic. Director K.Ya. Shah Azizov (1945 74). Main directors M.O... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

RUSSIAN YOUTH THEATER, founded in 1921 as the Moscow Theater for Children, since 1938 the Central Children's Theater, since 1992 its modern name, since 1987 academic. Director K.Ya. Shah Azizov (1945 74). Main directors M.O. Knebel (1955 60, 1966 68) ... Modern encyclopedia

Russian Youth Theater- basic in 1921 as the Moscow Theater for Children, from 1938 the Central Children's Theater, from 1987 academic, from 1992 its modern name. Ch. directors M.O. Knebel (1955 60, 1966 68), A.V. Borodin (since 1980). Performances: Her Friends (1949), Page of Life... Pedagogical terminological dictionary

Entrance to RAMT from Teatralnaya Square. entrance to RAMT from B. Dmitrovka street Russian Academic Youth Theater RAMT Address: Moscow, Teatralnaya sq., 2/7 Phone 292 6572, 292 0069 Contents 1 ... Wikipedia

Drama Theater named after Fyodor Volkov Volkov Theater Location Yaroslavl, Volkov Square Coordinates ... Wikipedia

Shelaputin Theater (also Shelaputin Theater) name theater hall in Moscow in the second half XIX beginning XX centuries. It was named after one of the owners of the building, P. G. Shelaputin, in the literature the term is also used in relation to ... ... Wikipedia

Russian Academic Youth Theater is rightfully proud of its history and traditions. Anna Kern once visited the magnificent ancient building of the architect O. Bove in the very center of Moscow - on Teatralnaya Square. This house has always been known as the center cultural life Moscow. In 1840, the Artistic Circle met here under the leadership of A.N. Ostrovsky, in 1898 the Imperial New Theater opened. At the beginning of the twentieth century, F. Chaliapin and L. Sobinov performed on this stage, in S. Zimin’s private opera. From 1924 to 1936, the Moscow Art Theater-II was located here, directed by Mikhail Chekhov.

History of the Russian Academic Youth Theater (formerly the Central Children's Theater) begins July 13, 1921, when in Moscow there is a performance in the Ars cinema "Adalmina's Pearl" The country's first theater for children opened. Then it was called the Moscow Theater for Children. Its organizer and first leader was the young Natalya Ilyinichna Sats. In 1936, the theater was renamed the Central Children's Theater and in the same year it received its current premises - on Teatralnaya Square, next to the Bolshoi and Maly theaters.

In the 50s the theater was headed by an associate of K. S. Stanislavsky, a person who became a teacher for a whole galaxy of wonderful actors and directors, Maria Osipovna Knebel. With her, young Anatoly Efros came to the theater, revealing the talents of young aspiring playwrights Viktor Rozov and Alexander Khmelik.

On our wall the most popular actress worked all her life, who worked all her life in Central children's theater Valentina Sperantova. Sergei Mikhalkov, Viktor Rozov, Grigory Polonsky, Yuri Shchekochikhin wrote their plays especially for our theater. In our theater they started their professional life Oleg Efremov, Oleg Anofriev, Gennady Sayfulin, Lev Durov, Irina Muravyova, Yan Arlazorov, Sergey Shakurov. Olga Pyzhova, Pyotr Fomenko, Georgy Tovstonogov, Pavel Chomsky, Sergei Yashin staged plays here. Oleg Efremov made his directorial debut here. The first play by Viktor Rozov, “Her Friends,” was staged here. Evgeny Dvorzhetsky and Igor Nefedov played on this stage.

Artistic directors V different times there were L. Volkov, V. Dudin, O. Pyzhova, V. Kuzmin, M. Knebel. And now for more than 25 years artistic director RAMTa is People's Artist Russia, laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation, laureate of the Moscow Prize Alexey BORODIN.

In 1992 the theater changed its name and became the Russian Academic Youth (RAMT). The word “youth” did not appear by chance. In the dictionary V.I. Dahl’s word “youth” includes all periods of the formation of the human personality: childhood, adolescence, adolescence. And the theater’s repertoire fully corresponds to its name. Here you can find performances for all ages: children’s, which are attended by young spectators with their parents, teenagers and adults. This is the uniqueness of our theater.

RAMT experiments a lot with new forms, without forgetting the traditions of the Stanislavsky school. The repertoire is based on literary fairy tales and folklore, on classics, domestic and foreign and modern dramaturgy. Artistic sincerity is extremely important for the theater, highest level culture and intelligence. This is the position of everything creative team RAMTa.

Today in the RAMT poster you can find performances based on the works of Mark Twain and Nikolai Nosov, Alfred de Musset and Tennessee Williams, Alexey Arbuzov and Evgeny Schwartz, F. Dostoevsky and A. Chekhov, Eugene Ionesco and William Golding, Boris Vasiliev and Boris Akunin, who wrote plays especially for RAMT “Yin and Yang. White version" and "Yin and Yang. Black version."

RAMT troupe is rightfully considered one of the best in Moscow. The theater has repeatedly won awards at theater festivals and competitions. In 1985, the play “Les Miserables” by V. Hugo was awarded the State Prize of Russia; in 1994, the plays “Berenice” by J. Racine and “Our Town” by T. Wilder received the Moscow City Hall Prize. In 2001, the Moscow City Hall award was given to the play “The Diary of Anne Frank,” in which Chulpan Khamatova, a student of A.V. Borodin, shone. Theater artists invariably become laureates of various competitions and receive prestigious professional awards. Young artists constantly receive festival awards “Moscow Debuts”, “Chaika”, “ Golden mask" In 1999, the play “Victory over the Sun” was awarded National Award“Golden Mask” in the “Novation” nomination, in 2005 the play “Rules of Conduct in modern society"was presented in 2 categories at once: best performance small form and Best Actress. In 2002, the play “Erast Fandorin” received 3 “Seagull” awards in the categories “Breakthrough” (P. Krasilov), “Dazzling Moment” (A. Sipin) and “Seductive Woman” (I. Nizina). In 2003, Alexander Ustyugov received “The Seagull” for playing the role of the Shadow in the play of the same name based on the play by E. Schwartz. In 2004, the play “The Idiot” received 2 “Seagulls” (artists Irina Nizina and Alexander Ustyugov in the “Some Like It Hot” category and the director of the play Regis Obadiah in the “Take a Step” category). In 2003, actresses Tatyana Matyukhova and Elena Galiina received the International K.S. Foundation Award. Stanislavsky "Moscow Premiere" for the performance of the main roles in the play "The Miracle Worker" based on W. Gibson. And in 2004, for the same work they were awarded the Moscow Prize. Daria Semenova, performed main role in the play “Tanya” based on A. Arbuzov (director - A. Ponomarev), received 3 professional awards at once: the Moscow Debuts award, the Reader’s Choice Award of the newspaper “ Komsomolskaya Pravda» for best performance female role and a prize from Planet Beauty magazine. The theater has won awards at numerous festivals. He toured throughout the country and abroad: in Bulgaria, Holland, the USA, Canada, France, Yugoslavia, England, Germany, etc. In 2004, RAMT toured China with great success. This was the first Russian drama theater to visit this country in the last 50 years. And in 2005, RAMT became the first domestic theater to go on tour to Iceland.

The theater is loved by audiences and highly praised by critics. In February 2002, RAMT became the first winner of the Moscow Association prize theater critics at Charitable Foundation Oleg Efremov “For achievements in the field theatrical arts" The theater's performances invariably evoke a huge response from professionals and great interest from audiences. RAMT is a sold-out theater! We love our viewer, and he loves us back.

The history of the Russian Academic Youth Theater (formerly the Central Children's Theater) begins on July 13, 1921, when the country's first theater for children opened in the Ars cinema in Moscow with the play "Adalmina's Pearl". Then it was called the Moscow Theater for Children. Its organizer and first leader was young Natalya Ilyinichna Sats. In 1936, the theater was renamed the Central Children's Theater and in the same year it received its current premises - on Teatralnaya Square, next to the Bolshoi and Maly theaters.

In the 50s, the theater was headed by an associate of K. S. Stanislavsky, a person who became a teacher for a whole galaxy of wonderful actors and directors, Maria Osipovna Knebel. With her, young Anatoly Efros came to the theater, revealing the talents of young aspiring playwrights Viktor Rozov and Alexander Khmelik.

The most popular actress, Valentina Sperantova, who worked all her life at the Central Children's Theater, worked on our wall all her life. Sergei Mikhalkov, Viktor Rozov, Grigory Polonsky, Yuri Shchekochikhin wrote their plays especially for our theater. Oleg Efremov, Oleg Anofriev, Gennady Sayfulin, Lev Durov, Irina Muravyova, Yan Arlazorov, Sergey Shakurov began their professional lives in our theater. Olga Pyzhova, Pyotr Fomenko, Georgy Tovstonogov, Pavel Chomsky, Sergei Yashin staged plays here. Oleg Efremov made his directorial debut here. The first play by Viktor Rozov, “Her Friends,” was staged here. Evgeny Dvorzhetsky and Igor Nefedov played on this stage.

The artistic directors at different times were L. Volkov, V. Dudin, O. Pyzhova, V. Kuzmin, M. Knebel. Since 1980, the artistic director of RAMT has been People's Artist of Russia, laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation, laureate of the Moscow Prize Alexey Borodin.

In 1992, the theater changed its name and became the Russian Academic Youth Theater (RAMT).

RAMT experiments a lot with new forms, without forgetting the traditions of the Stanislavsky school. The repertoire is based on literary fairy tales and folklore, classics, domestic and foreign and modern drama.