Gogol the night before Christmas description of nature. "Pictures of folk life and nature in the story N

A significant part of Gogol’s work consists of descriptions of nature. Gogol usually idealizes the nature of Little Russia. This should not be understood in the sense that he portrays her with traits that in reality are not characteristic of her. The nature of Little Russia is in fact the same as Gogol portrays it, but only he draws mostly positive, bright features, carefully glossing over the negative ones, although they also lie in Ukrainian nature.

The first story of "Evenings", "Sorochinskaya Fair", begins with a magnificent description summer day in Little Russia. “How delightful, how delightful a summer day in Little Russia is! How languidly hot are those hours when midday shines in silence and the blue, immeasurable ocean, bent over the earth like a voluptuous dome, seems to have fallen asleep, completely drowned in bliss, hugging and squeezing the beautiful one in its airy embrace.

There's not a cloud on it. No speech in the field. Everything seemed to have died; only above, in the heavenly depths, the lark trembles, and silver songs fly along the airy steps to the loving land, and occasionally the cry of a seagull or the ringing voice of a quail echoes in the steppe.

Lazily and soullessly, as if walking without a goal, the oak trees stand under the clouds, and the dazzling blows of the sun's rays ignite whole picturesque masses of leaves, casting over others a shadow dark as night, along which only when strong wind gold flashes.

Emeralds, topazes, and yachontes of ethereal insects rain down over the colorful vegetable gardens, overshadowed by stately sunflowers. Gray haystacks and golden sheaves of bread are encamped in the field and wander through its immensity. Wide branches of cherries, plums, apple trees, and pears bent over from the weight of fruit; the sky, its pure mirror - the river, in green, proudly raised frames... how full of voluptuousness and bliss the Little Russian summer is.”

In the above description, a clear idealization of Ukrainian nature is striking. The author, with his exclamation, seemed to want to express that in a summer day in Ukraine there is nothing else but rapture and luxury. However, he lost sight of the multitude of flies, mosquitoes and gadflies that are so characteristic of a summer day throughout Russia and Little Russia.

These insects, as you know, rush around in whole flocks, stinging not only animals, but also people, so that a summer day loses much of its delight and luxury. The person avoids going outside during the day and looks forward to the coolness of the evening. Gogol, however, mentions insects, but he transfers them only to vegetable gardens and at the same time again idealizes them, saying that “emeralds, topazes, yahonts of ethereal insects rain down over the motley vegetable gardens...”.

Gogol completely missed. In the same description, the murderous heat of a Little Russian summer day, which so relaxes a person, the terrible thirst that it causes in living beings and as a result of which the impression is not so intoxicating.

Further, in the description, the author loses sight of such a characteristic side of a summer day as dust, which floats in the air in clouds, fills the eyes, mouth and ears and does not allow either man or animal to breathe and move freely. This alone would be enough for the summer day to lose a good half of its luxury in the description.

The author, mentioning dust, significantly softened the horror of the idea of ​​​​it with his good-natured humor. “Lonely to the side was a cart dragged along by exhausted oxen, piled with sacks, hemp, linen and various household luggage, followed by its owner, in a clean linen shirt and soiled linen trousers.

With a lazy hand he wiped away the sweat that was rolling down from his dark face and even dripping from his long mustache, powdered by that inexorable hairdresser who, without being called, appears to both the beauty and the ugly, and has been forcibly powdering the entire human race for several thousand years.”

By jokingly comparing dust with powder, Gogol involuntarily achieves that the idea of ​​​​horrible dust is somewhat smoothed out.

These pathetic passages once again emphasize the general light tone characteristic of the stories “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka.” Of course, you can find in them both tragic situations and images of gloomy nature. But even in scary stories (“The Evening on the Eve of Ivan Kupala”, “ Terrible revenge") reveals more poetry of beauty than tragedy.

Belinsky considered one of the main advantages of Gogol’s stories to be their lyricism: “Does he describe young beauty - how much rapture and delight there is in his description! Does he describe the beauty of his native, his beloved Little Russia - this is a son caressing his adored mother! Do you remember his description of the boundless steppes of the Dnieper? What a wide, sweeping brush! What a riot of feeling! What luxury and simplicity in this description! Damn you, steppes, how good you are in Gogol!” exclaims the great critic.

In “Evenings” there are pictures of nature and cheerful folk life, behind which labors and hardships are not yet visible, amaze with their eloquence.

For example, how tenderly and passionately the author describes the Ukrainian night. “Do you know Ukrainian night? Oh you don't know Ukrainian night! Take a closer look at it: the moon is looking down from the middle of the sky; immense firmament rang out, spread even more immensely; it burns and breathes. The earth is all in a silver light; and the wonderful air is cool and sultry, and full of bliss, and moves with an ocean of fragrances.

Divine night! Charming night! The forests, full of darkness, became motionless and inspired, and cast a huge shadow from themselves. These ponds are quiet and calm; the cold and darkness of their waters is gloomily enclosed in the dark green walls of the gardens.

The virgin thickets of bird cherry trees timidly stretch out their roots in the spring cold and occasionally babble with their leaves, as if angry and indignant, when the beautiful anemone, the night wind, creeping up instantly, kisses them. The entire landscape is asleep. But the soul is both immense and wonderful, and crowds of silver visions harmoniously appear in its depths. Divine night! Charming night!

And suddenly everything came to life: forests, ponds, and steppes. The majestic thunder of the Ukrainian nightingale rains down; and it seems that even the month listened to him in the middle of the sky. As if enchanted, the village sleeps on the hill. Crowds of huts shine even more, even better during the month; Their low walls are cut out of the darkness even more dazzlingly. The songs fell silent. Everything is quiet. Godly people are already asleep. Somewhere, narrow windows glow. Before the thresholds of some huts, a belated family makes its late dinner.”

In the description eternal beauty nature, Gogol is the son of the south, lovingly enjoying them.

In the first part of “Evenings”, Gogol’s talent as a painter of nature manifested itself with particular brilliance in “May Night”, in the second - in “The Night Before Christmas”.

In “May Night”, inexpressible charm is felt in two or three sentences, depicting the bliss of a spring evening. “There was a time when, tired of the day’s labors and worries, boys and girls noisily gathered in a circle, in the brilliance of a clear evening, to pour out their fun into sounds that were always inseparable from despondency. And the thoughtful evening dreamily embraced the blue sky, turning everything into uncertainty and distance.” Here the description of nature is in perfect harmony with inner world person.

Gogol reaches particular perfection in “The Night Before Christmas,” where night is before his eyes, he breathes healthy frosty air and feels joy and cheerfulness in all his veins.

“The month shines wonderfully! It’s hard to tell how good it is to hang around on such a night between a bunch of laughing and singing girls and between boys, ready for all the jokes and inventions that a cheerfully laughing night can inspire. It's warm under the thick casing; the frost makes your cheeks burn even more vividly; the evil one himself pushes you from behind to play pranks.” All this really seems to “live and move in front of us.”
When depicting pictures of nature in “Evenings,” Gogol’s lyrical mood is especially clearly manifested. His famous descriptions of the Ukrainian night (“May Night”) or the Dnieper (“Terrible Revenge”), these wonderful paintings, involuntarily rise above the ground like an elusive ideal.

It's a summer day. The immeasurable blue ocean, which voluptuously squeezes the loving earth in its arms; and on the ground the oaks under the clouds stand motionless, and the dazzling blows of the sun's rays light up whole picturesque masses of leaves on them: wherever they reach, there is gold sprinkled there; Wherever they don’t penetrate, there lies a shadow dark as night... What colors and what contrasts!

But summer night. The vast vault of heaven, it burns and breathes; in this vast vault moves an ocean of fragrances; beneath it lies the earth, all in silver light, and on this huge sea of ​​silver light lies a huge shadow of forests full of darkness... What powerful strokes!

Or the majestic Dnieper. During the day it is a blue mirror road, without measure in width, without end in length, soaring through the green world; no one but the sun and blue sky, does not look into the middle of this immense mirror. At night it is an endless dark womb, in which all the stars that fell from God’s robe were heard at once. In a storm, these are watery hills hitting the coastal mountains, over which black clouds move along the mountains...

And here, finally, is the Gogol steppe. This is the green-gold ocean again, millions splashed across it different colors, and above him - thousands of bird voices.

Reading these descriptions, you don’t so much see the pictures themselves as experience some kind of wonderful mood. And one involuntarily wants to exclaim, as Gogol exclaims in one of these descriptions (“May Night”): “And the soul is both immense and wonderful, and crowds of silver visions rise harmoniously in its depths”...

But Gogol’s paintings of nature are not only majestic: they are also alive. All his huge silhouettes live on their own life to the fullest. The vast vault of heaven burns and breathes, the earth basks in its embrace, the forests crowd towards the mirror of the Dnieper and admire their bright image; even the vast expanse of Rus' looks at the poet with eyes full of anticipation!

Sometimes these living silhouettes take on the most fantastic appearance. “It’s nice to look from the middle of the Dnieper,” said Gogol (“Terrible Vengeance”), “at high mountains, to wide meadows, to green forests!

Those mountains are not mountains: they have no sole; below them, as well as above, there is a sharp peak, and below them and above them is a high sky. Those forests that stand on the hills are not forests: they are hairs growing on the shaggy head of a forest grandfather. Under her, a beard is washed in water, and under the beard and above the hair there is a high sky.

Those meadows are not meadows: they are a green belt girdling the round sky in the middle; and in the upper half the month walks.” How much majestic, mythological fantasy there is here!

Such descriptions show: Gogol loved his native nature and contemplated it with reverent delight and the real enthusiasm of a lover, for whom there are no contours or details in his beloved object, but there is only one image full of charm and torn from the earth. The poet's enthusiastic mood created perfect image, and romanticism gave this image the appropriate form.

Nature in Gogol's works

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N.V. Gogol “The Night Before Christmas”

Open literature lesson

Topic: “Pictures of folk life and nature in the story”

Teacher of Russian language and literature Korgun L.P.

KSU "Zhuravlevskaya" high school»

Subject: Pictures of folk life and nature in the story.

Literary theory: Humor in the story.

Goals: 1. Summarize what has been learned about the story; calendar rituals and their role in the life of the people; determining the role of landscape in the story.

2. Development of students’ speech, the ability to highlight the main thing.

3. Foster respect and interest in the customs and traditions of peoples.

Lesson type: lesson summary.

Plan.

1. Organizational moment.

2. Check home building.

3. Christmas. Calendar rituals.

4. Analysis of the text of the story.

5. The concept of humor and methods of humorous storytelling.

6. Student creativity. Drawings for the lesson.

7. From the history of the holiday.

8. Lesson summary.

9. Evaluating answers.

10. Homework.

This is real gaiety, sincere,

Relaxed, without affectation, without stiffness... All this is so unusual in our current literature,

that I still haven’t come to my senses.

A. S. Pushkin.

About the collection “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”

Equipment: Collections of stories, portrait of the writer, drawings by students, textbooks, notebooks.

Progress of the lesson.

1. Organizational point: Today we are holding open lesson literature, completing the study of the works of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and his story “The Night Before Christmas”. During the lesson we will summarize what we have learned from the story, talk about the role calendar rituals in the life of the people, we will determine the goals of the landscape used by the author in the story, as well as the customs and traditions of the Ukrainian and Russian people.

2. Checking homework. Let's start our lesson by checking the homework that you did in groups. Each group of students prepared a story about one of the characters in the story.

Cossack Korniy Chub

Chub was a widow and quite rich: 8 stacks of bread stood in front of his hut, two pairs of oxen, a goat, and turkeys; Chub had a lot of linen and elegant clothes in his chests; The garden amazed with its abundance: cabbage, sunflower, poppy, tobacco. He himself was quite lazy, always went against each other and did not want to agree with anyone.

Chuba’s daughter is the beautiful Oksana.

Oksana was not yet seventeen years old. She was very beautiful, but capricious, like any beauty, the boys chased her in crowds, but lost patience and turned their attention to other girls. Only Vakula was stubborn and did not give up his courtship. But Oksana loved only herself and tormented the blacksmith. She loved to hang around the mirror and dress up.

Question: Which heroine from "The Tale of dead princess and the Seven Bogatyrs” does Oksana, admiring herself in front of the mirror, resemble A. Pushkin?

The mother of the blacksmith Vakula is Solokha.

Solokha was the mother of the blacksmith Vakula. She was no more than forty years old, she was neither good-looking nor bad-looking. She knew how to charm sedate Cossacks and treat them in such a way that it never occurred to them that they had rivals. But Solokha was most friendly with Chub, since she dreamed of adding everything that Chub had to her household. That's why he quarreled between Vakula and Chub.

Question: Neighbors considered Solokha a witch. So was she considered a witch or was she really?

Pot-bellied Patsyuk.

Pot-bellied Patsyuk was once a Cossack. And now I’ve lived in Dikanka for 10-15 years. At first he lived like a real Cossack: he did not work, slept three-quarters of the day, ate for six mowers and drank almost a whole bucket at a time. He was short, but very fat. For this he was nicknamed Pot-bellied. In Dikanka he was considered a healer: he could heal with a spell, he could skillfully hit a choking person on the back without causing him any harm. But lately he almost never left the house: maybe it was laziness, or maybe it was because every year it became more difficult for him to get through the door.

Question: What is the name of the literary device used by Gogol when describing Patsyuk? (hyperbola)

3. Work on the topic of the lesson.

Vocabulary work:

Affection - behavior devoid of simplicity, naturalness, mannerism.

Stiffness– excessive severity, scrupulousness in behavior, in maintaining decorum.

Modest (food)– meat, milk (of animal origin), not fasting.

caroling- sing songs called carols.

Sarcasm- a caustic mockery containing a destructive assessment.

How is N.V. Gogol’s interest in folk beliefs, legends and his collection “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” connected?

(There is a growing interest in everything Ukrainian in Russian society: folk art, everyday life, lifestyle, that’s why his stories were such a success)

What holiday? we're talking about in the story? (About Christmas)

What kind of holiday is this? (Nativity of Christ - great holiday Christian)

Since ancient times folk holidays were associated with economic activity people and are confined to a certain time of year.

From December 22nd, the shortest day of the year, the sun began to increase in power, daylight gradually increases and increases. The holiday of the “resurrection” of the sun was called Kolyada and was celebrated in late December - early January. New Year at all times and for all peoples it meant the renewal of the world (in connection with the renewal, rebirth of the sun):

New Year has come

The old one stole away, showed himself,

Go, people

To meet the sun,

Drive away the frost.

On these days, when the sun began its annual journey, when a new year began in nature, and therefore in human life, it was natural to think about what the new year would be like, what it would bring to both nature and man. In predicting the future, weather, harvest, fate, etc. Carols or Christmastide (Christmas evenings) took place. The holiday lasted from the Nativity of Christ (January 7, new style) until Epiphany (January 19, new style). The central magical actions carried out during this period were caroling and fortune telling.

Among the people, the holiday of the Nativity of Christ was revered as one of the greatest. There are many customs and traditions associated with this day. One of them is the prayer of the owner with his household after the first star. After prayer, the eldest in the family brought an armful of hay into the hut and spread it in the red front corner on the bench. The hay was covered with a clean tablecloth, and an unthreshed sheaf of wheat or rye and kutia, a porridge made from grains of wheat, barley or rice, were placed on it. Hay and sheaves have always been an integral part of the ritual. After Vespers, caroling began. Kolyada is an ancient pagan name for the holiday.

What is paganism? (polytheism), which was around this time of year before the adoption of Christianity. The carol was that village youth, boys, girls, teenagers gathered in groups, dressed up in costumes, masks, and went from house to house. At each yard they “clicked” for Kolyada and Ovsenya, mythical creatures, which were supposed to bring a bountiful harvest and happiness to the house. They sang carols under the windows of the house or in the huts, and the owners gave treats and money as a reward. If the hosts treated generously, then, according to the sign, next year they should have a rich harvest.

The carol has arrived The carol has arrived

On Christmas Eve, on Christmas Eve,

I sow, I weed, I sow, I sow, I weed, I sow,

Happy New Year! Happy New Year!

For the New Year, for new happiness you will give us,

Be born, little wheat, We will praise you.

Peas, lentils! And you won’t give

On the field - in heaps, We will reproach you!

There are pies on the table! Kolyada, Kolyada,

Happy New Year, Serve some pie!

With new happiness,

Master, hostess!

And what fun on the eve of Christmas does Gogol describe in the story?

So, "The Night Before Christmas"

4. Working with text.

What is this description? (scenery)

Landscape (French “terrain”) is a description of nature in literature.

What role does he play in further development stories? (This is the background against which events take place)

This night is special: the night before the greatest Christian holiday - the Birth of Jesus Christ, but at the same time on this night evil forces - the devil, the witch - behave more actively, boldly, try to take out their evil on good people. So that night a witch appears riding on a broom and “a German in front, a provincial solicitor in a uniform behind” - in fact, just a devil.

2. Why did the devil steal the month from the sky?

3. Why is he so angry with the blacksmith?

4. What kind of person was Vakula? (God-fearing, believing person)

5. What can you say about Vakula’s love for Oksana? (He is ready for anything: even to sell his soul to the devil, to commit suicide, and this is very terrible sin)

6. Why did Vakula go to Pot-bellied Patsyuk?

7. What miracles did he see in his house?

8. Why is the devil so happy when he realizes that the blacksmith wants to give him his soul? (Vakula is the most devout person in the village and the devil will then be able to brag to everyone)

9. How did Vakula defeat the devil?

10. Why did Vakula end up in St. Petersburg?

11. How did he see the city? (My God! Knock, thunder, shine. Vakula is amazed, amazed)

12. Through whose eyes was the palace seen? (Through the eyes of the master: a magnificent canopy, a staircase - it’s a pity to trample underfoot, a railing - one piece of iron worth 50 rubles; paintings, and especially the copper handle and lock)

13. Did Vakula fulfill Oksana’s wish?

14. How does Oksana behave at the beginning of the story? And at the end?

15. Does she need slippers? (No, because she loves Vakula)

5. Methods of humorous storytelling.

Now let's move on to other episodes of the story.

1. What happened to Solokha’s boyfriends?

2. How did they manage to get out of the bags?

3. Why did Chub and Head, when they got out of the bags, start talking about the weather? (they are annoyed that Solokha deceived them, and they had no idea about anything)

4. What is this funny situation in the story based on? (unexpectedly, this is humor)

Humor (English: “temper, mood”) – depiction of heroes in a funny way. Humor is a cheerful, friendly laugh.

How does reading The Night Before Christmas make you feel? (Light, joyful, cheerful)

There are many ways of humorous storytelling:

a) Surprise. The thoughts and actions of the characters and the development of the plot may be unexpected. So the devil wanted to take possession of Vakula’s soul, and he himself found himself under his power.

b) Inconsistency. The word “courageously” does not really correspond to the appearance of the heroes and makes us smile when we read: “The weaver and godfather bravely defended the sack.”

c) Hyperbole, that is, exaggeration. “Patsyuk lived like a real Cossack: he worked nothing, slept three-quarters of the day, ate for six mowers and drank almost a whole bucket at a time.”

What other funny episodes were found in the story?

Why did we take the words of A. Pushkin as the epigraph of the lesson?

6. Creative work students.

What episodes of the story did you draw drawings for? Students' stories.

7. From the history of the holiday.

From ancient times, the custom of decorating a Christmas tree has come down to the present day. And the custom came from ancient Germany. The ancient Germans were pagans. They believed that they lived in spruce trees good spirits. The ancient Germans decorated a Christmas tree in the forest to appease the spirits so that they would be favorable to them.

How much beautiful poems written about Christmas.

(Students read poems by S. Cherny, B. Pasternak)

Rozhdestvenskoe In the manger I slept on fresh hay Quiet tiny Christ. The moon has emerged from the shadows I stroked the flax of his hair... A bull breathed on a baby's face And, rustling like straw, On an elastic knee I stared, barely breathing, Sparrows through the roof poles They flocked to the manger, And the bull, clinging to the niche, I crumpled the blanket with my lip, The dog, sneaking up to the warm leg, Licked her secretly. The cat was the most comfortable of all In a manger to warm a child sideways... Subdued white goat I breathed on his forehead, Just a stupid gray donkey He pushed everyone helplessly: "Look at the child Just a minute for me too!” And he cried loudly In the pre-dawn silence... And Christ, having opened his eyes, Suddenly the circle of animals moved apart And with a smile full of affection, He whispered: “Look quickly!” Sasha Cherny

Christmas star It was winter. The wind was blowing from the steppe. And it was cold baby in a nativity scene (cave) On the hillside. The breath of the ox warmed him Pets We stood in a cave. A warm haze floated over the manger. B. Pasternak

8. Lesson summary.

What do you remember from today's lesson?

What was new for you?

9. Grades for the lesson.

10. Homework: Write an essay “Blacksmith Vakula and good hero from a fairy tale. What are their similarities and differences?”

I read “Evenings near Dikanka”, they amazed me. This is real gaiety, sincere, relaxed, without affectation, without stiffness.
And sometimes there is such poetry! What sensuality!
A.S. Pushkin.

Goals: give students an idea of ​​the pages of N.V. Gogol’s life, the unique national flavor of the story “The Night Before Christmas”, develop students’ speech and imagination; cultivate love for the Motherland, nature, respect for national traditions, emotional responsiveness.

Equipment:

• multimedia equipment,
• interactive whiteboard,
• video film,
• literature textbook for 6th grade "The Year After Childhood" and workbook edited by R.N. Buneev and E.V. Buneeva,
• CD with Rimsky-Korsakov's opera "The Night Before Christmas".

Lesson progress

I. Reading the epigraph.

This high praise was received by a collection of stories entitled “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” by the unknown “beekeeper Rudy Panko” in St. Petersburg. The young writer N.V. Gogol was hiding under this name. The collection brought fame to the aspiring writer.

II. Computer presentation about N.V. Gogol.

The writer's childhood.

Years of study at the gymnasium.

Petersburg.

Release of "Evenings:"

III. Conversation.

2009 marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of N.V. Gogol. The first of April is the writer's birthday and April Fool's Day. Maybe this is not a coincidence. Gogol loved to laugh at himself, at those around him, and at his heroes. It is not without reason that on the pages of his works we encounter bright, cheerful episodes.

Where was the writer born?

In Ukraine, which in those days was also called Little Russia. This region was sung by N.V. Gogol in his stories.

An expressive reading of an excerpt from the story “Sorochinskaya Fair” with the words “How delightful, how luxurious a summer day in Little Russia!” to the words “How full of voluptuousness and bliss the Little Russian summer is!”

Every word is imbued with love for the Motherland. Nature native land and folk Ukrainian legends and tales told by the grandmother on long winter evenings, inspired the writer to create a collection of stories “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”.

Let's get acquainted with the history of the creation of the story "The Night Before Christmas" (task I.1 page 11 in the workbook).

How do you understand the expression “decently processed”?

A talented writer, Gogol managed to combine folk legends and his own imagination. "Pictures of folk life and native nature in the story "The Night Before Christmas" is the topic of our lesson.

IV. Text analysis.

1. Checking homework.

You have read the story "The Night Before Christmas".

Did you like the story?

Which episodes do you remember and why?

What intonation is permeated by the work? (The story has many funny, bright episodes).

List the rituals and beliefs known to you associated with Christmas night (Task I.2 page 11 in your workbook).

(Caroling, treating mummers to kutia, tricks of evil spirits (witches, devil)).

2. Vocabulary work.

What words did you not immediately understand? Let's find out their meaning together and complete the crossword puzzle.

Horizontal:

1. A festive ritual on the eve of Christmas.
2. Porridge with raisins, served on the eve of Christmas.
3. Hat with ears.
4. Type of women's shoes.

Vertical:

1. Dumplings.
2. Tube.
3. Boy.
4. Young woman.

3. Reading and analysis of episodes.

Reread aloud those episodes that describe caroling. What does it mean to "carol"? (On Christmas Eve on the eve of Christmas (in the evening of January 6), a festive ritual of caroling takes place. Costumed boys and girls walked around the village and sang carols - short ritual songs in which they wished the owners well-being, and they treated them to kutia. And the more plentiful the treat was, the more satisfying must be next year.)

Now listen to a fragment of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera "The Night Before Christmas". Do you think the composer was able to convey the national flavor of the holiday?

Remember what condition Oksana set for the blacksmith when she agreed to marry him?

Why, of all the farmer's wishes for Christmas, did Vakula's most difficult wish come true - to get the Tsarina's little slippers and win Oksana's love? Write down your answer. Task 4 page 12 in the workbook. (Throughout the entire story, Gogol shames pride, arrogance, gluttony, and rewards hard work, faith, loyalty, chastity.)

Watch a fragment of the film about Vakula’s meeting with the Cossacks.

Did Gogol manage to give the heroes any national traits?

What is their manner of speech?

How does the author relate to his characters? (Folk traditions are manifested both in the portraits and in the characters of the heroes. Tall slender figures of the boys, clothes decorated in red and green, embroidery on the shirt in the spirit of folk traditions. The speech of the heroes is poetic, it has a lot of figurative expressions, it has a folk song style).

Our Russian language is truly beautiful and rich! There are so many words in it, with the help of which Gogol conveys not only the colors, but also the sounds, even the smells of the Ukrainian night. The landscape becomes a means of expressing the author’s mood, his state of mind.

Read aloud the description of the night before Christmas

What color dominates in the landscape? What environment does this color create?

What figurative and expressive means does Gogol use to describe the night? (epithets, comparisons, personifications)

(The night before Christmas is special: the night before the greatest Christian holiday - the Birth of Jesus Christ. On Christmas Eve on the eve of Christmas (in the evening of January 6), the festive ritual of caroling takes place. But at the same time, on this night, evil forces - the devil, the witch - behave most actively, boldly , trying to take out the evil.)

V. Homework.

Complete task III.1 from the workbook.

Task II.4: The action in the story unfolds as in a den, folk theater. Think about which scene of the story you would call the most theatrical. Which role would you choose for yourself?

Task II.5: The mystical and fantastic in Gogol’s depiction is not at all scary, but rather funny. Watch how the writer portrays the witch, damn it.

VI. Summing up the lesson.

Summing up the lesson, I would like to remember the words of V.G. Belinsky: “Gogol does not write, but draws, his images breathe the living colors of reality. You see and hear them.”

find a description of nature in the story. Which literary devices make them more beautiful and mysterious? Christmas Eve

Answers:

Gogol wrote the story The Night Before Christmas, which describes beautiful scenery. The writer constantly jumps from the main characters to the description of nature. After all, it is so important that the reader knows where the action takes place and at what time, and to create a mood of mystery and enigma. Here are the words from the story: “... night is a miracle! It’s light, the snow shines in the month. Everything was as visible as day. I didn’t have time to go out the door - and now, at least gouge out my eyes! "A snowstorm has arisen. The air turned white. The snow rushed back and forth like a net and threatened to cover the eyes, mouths and ears of pedestrians.” “... and the month, taking advantage of this opportunity, flew out through the chimney of Solokhina’s hut and smoothly rose through the sky. Everything lit up. The snowstorm was gone. The snow lit up in a wide silver field and was sprinkled with crystal stars. The frost seemed to have warmed up. Crowds of boys and girls showed up with bags. The songs rang, and under the rare hut there were no crowds of carolers.” “The month shines wonderfully! It’s hard to tell how good it is to hang around on such a night between a bunch of laughing and singing girls and between boys, ready for all the jokes and inventions that a cheerfully laughing night can inspire. It's warm under the thick casing; the frost makes your cheeks burn even more vividly; and in the case of pranks, the evil one himself pushes from behind.” “And the night, as if on purpose, glowed so luxuriously! and the light of the month seemed even whiter from the shine of the snow.” These lines make natural phenomena mysterious: and the month, taking advantage of this opportunity, flew out through the chimney of Solokhina’s hut and smoothly rose through the sky. It was warm under a thick casing; the frost makes your cheeks burn even more vividly; and in the case of pranks, the evil one himself pushes from behind.” “a month... looked in” The witch collects stars in her sleeve; The devil, getting burned, grabs the month, throws it “from one hand to the other, like a man who got fire for his cradle with his bare hands.”