Composition “Pictures of Russian nature in the novel “Eugene Onegin. Pictures of native nature in the novel A

ingenious creation Alexander Sergeevich is valuable not only detailed description Russian reality began 19th century, but also unsurpassed, colorful and poetic landscape. In the work, Alexander Sergeevich talks about himself and about his native land, where he experienced love, suffering and drew inspiration.

It took the poet eight years to write the novel. painstaking work. This is a great period in the life of a talented author. Over such a period of time, he turned from a timid young man into a mature personality and the greatest master words.

The difference in the perception of the beauty of the native land by Eugene Onegin and the author

In an unsurpassed literary creation, the poet's contemporaries considered reality, recognized themselves and their surroundings, the capital, the countryside, masters and serfs. Their ears caught the real purest Russian speech. And they saw how beautiful the nature of Russia was, and they were even more imbued with love for it.

In the first stanzas, readers are presented with a picture of St. Petersburg and Alexander Sergeevich’s thoughts about it: “I used to walk there too, but the north is harmful to me!” The author's irony is felt here, with which he talks about the years of exile. The boundless expanses of water and violent elements inspired the poet.

Eugene Onegin, unlike the creator of the novel, does not revel in the beauty of nature, moreover, he quickly gets bored with it, like everything else. Arriving at the uncle's estate, he was only a couple of days delighted new life and soon fell into despair. Why didn't nature heal him of longing?

In the city, Eugene revolved in high society, and he was rather bored with it. If we compare Vladimir and Yevgeny, then the latter was not an enthusiastic and naive nature, he was a connoisseur of beauty. But, as it sometimes happens, the outer shell is significantly different from the contents, for this reason, Eugene, quickly satiated with love, cooled to the object of passion.

The attitude of the poet, Tatyana Larina and Vladimir Lensky to their native nature

Alexander Sergeevich, like no one else, keenly feels nature and feels unity with it. most valuable and happy hours creative work was bestowed upon him by communion with nature. He feels sadness about an unfulfilled desire while writing the lines: "I was born for a peaceful life ..."

The closeness between the poet and Tatyana can be seen in their love and tender attitude towards their native nature. Most writers agree that young people whose childhood was spent in the wilderness subtly perceive beauty. “The village ... was a lovely corner”, “herds roamed the meadows”, “a huge ... garden” - great picture! This is where the Larins lived.

Vladimir is a suitable candidate for the role of Tatyana's lover: he could feel her refined nature. Lensky "fell in love with thick groves, solitude, silence ...". All this is nice to Tatiana early years, because she is also a romantic and dreamy nature. But Vladimir prefers Olga, endowing her with invented character traits.

The role of pictures of Russian nature in the work

The sketches of nature in the novel are incomparable. A significant part of the author's digressions is given to the description of the beauties of the surrounding world. They allow the reader to better understand life in old time, the thoughts of the poet, to feel the fullness and colors of life. landscape plays important role in the work: it helps to draw psychological picture everyone actor, authentically convey the spirit of the past era.

Amazing pictures of nature in a literary work contribute to the education of patriotism - you can love different cities and the country, but love will be unchanged and sincere only for native land. Lovely soul landscapes remain in memory for a lifetime, just like vivid memories childhood years. Communication with nature cleanses and enriches the soul.

The following chapters and stanzas of the novel are usually noted: Summer - chapter 4, stanza 40; chapter 7, stanza 15. Autumn - chapter 4, stanzas 40-41; chapter 7, stanza 29. Winter - chapter 4, stanza 42; chapter 5, stanzas 1-2, 9; chapter 7, stanza 30. Spring - chapter 7, stanzas 1-3. The sad lyrical mood of this description harmonizes well with the mood of the entire chapter, it gives the main lyrical tone to the chapter - therefore, the landscape in Pushkin's novel plays a certain compositional role. Pushkin describes several times in the novel different times years, this helps the reader to perceive the chronological framework of the novel, gives the perspective of time, the fluidity of life. Talking about the upcoming departure of Tatyana to Moscow, the poet concisely and vividly described the change of summer in autumn, autumn - in winter.

* Golden autumn has come.
* Nature is quivering, pale
* How the victim is magnificently removed ...
* (chapter 7, stanza 29)

Let's compare this picture with the description of autumn in the fourth chapter (stanzas 40-41) - here there are completely different colors, different moods. We feel that this autumn is especially close to Tatyana's mood now, it is somehow connected with her fate, with her future.

* Here is the north, catching up the clouds,
* He breathed, howled, and here she is
* The sorceress winter is coming.
* Compare this description with the merry, joyful winter in chapter four:
* Flashes, winds the first snow,
* Stars falling on the shore.

In Chapter 7, another winter is cold, cruel, and it is again connected with the fate of Tatyana, with her unknown future, from which Tatyana does not expect either joy or happiness:

* Only Tanya's heart is not happy with her ...
* Tatyana is afraid of the winter way.

So the landscape helps Pushkin to reveal the spiritual moods of the characters, the turns in their life destiny. Exceptionally large compositional role landscape in the fifth and sixth chapters, closely related to each other by the unity of developing events: from the winter landscape there is a transition to the characterization of Tatiana - "Russian soul", against the background of a cold winter night Tatiana's fortune-telling is given, against the background of a winter landscape her dream is reproduced, foreshadowing troubles, misfortunes, against the same background, the poet describes the duel and death of Lensky.

* That he sees: on melted snow
* The young man lies motionless,

Against almost the same background of late winter and the beginning of early, still winter-like cold spring, last meeting Onegin and Tatyana.

Action in the first and last chapters the novel takes place in winter and spring. This repetition of landscapes is a subtle artistic technique, with the help of which the poet will give a feeling of the monotonous inevitable course of life, the change of years, ages, moods, life destinies, "the withering of our years, for which there is no rebirth."

landscape plays big role and in the disclosure of the main images of the novel: Onegin and Tatyana. rural landscape in the second - sixth chapters of the novel is not connected with the image of Onegin, and Onegin himself does not like nature:

* Two days seemed new to him
* Secluded fields,
* The coolness of the gloomy oak,
* The murmur of a quiet stream;
* On the third grove, hill and field
* He was no longer occupied;
* Then they put me to sleep
* (chapter 1, stanza 54)
* “However, it is already dark in the iole;
* Hurry! go, go, Andryushka!
* What stupid places!
* (chapter 3, stanza 4)

In contrast to Onegin, the image of Tatyana is given by the author against the backdrop of nature, he is inseparable from the rural landscape. The sunrise that Tatyana meets on the balcony (chapter 2, stanza 28), and the garden where Tatyana goes to be sad, where the scene of a meeting with Onegin takes place (chapter 3, stanza 16; stanzas 38-39), and night landscape by the light of the moon during a conversation with a nurse (chapter 3, stanzas 16, 20, 21), and early morning after a sleepless night (chapter 3, stanza 32), and a winter morning at the beginning of the fifth chapter (stanza!-2), and a cold winter” night, when Tatyana is guessing (chapter 5, stanza 9), and her winter landscape bad dream(chapter 5, stanza 13), and the night before the name day (chapter 6, stanza 2), and spring landscape the seventh chapter, and a summer evening, when the lonely Tatyana comes to Onegin's house (chapter 7, stanza 15), her farewell to her native places before leaving for Moscow (chapter 7, stanza 28 and the following).

The theme of the motherland sounds bright in the novel, the air of its fields lives, the noise of its forests, the life and historical past of its people (the theme of Moscow in the seventh chapter), the boundless distance of “gloomy Russia” is seen (Chapter 1, stanza 50). All this expands not only the spatial, but also the temporal framework of the novel.

Pictures of nature in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".

At the very beginning of his work on “Eugene Onegin”, Pushkin wrote to P.A. Vyazemsky: "Now I am writing not a novel, but a novel in verse - a diabolical difference." In fact, the poetic form gives "Eugene Onegin" features that sharply distinguish and show pictures not only of nature, of life.

Chased by spring rays,
There is already snow from the surrounding mountains
Escaped by muddy streams
To flooded meadows.

We directly feel the victorious power of spring, which drives the snow, turning them into muddy streams...
In "Excerpts from Onegin's Journey" describes the Caucasus, the Crimea, gives a detailed poetic and at the same time realistically true image of Odessa. The whole poetic geography of Russia, presented to us brilliant poet! A special place in "Eugene Onegin" is occupied by descriptions of rural Russian nature. Pushkin describes spring, draws winter, autumn scenery. At the same time, as in the depiction of people and their characters, he does not at all strive to choose some exceptional, unusual paintings. On the contrary, everything with him is simple, ordinary and at the same time beautiful. Before Pushkin, poets depicted nature in classical and romantic works, searched for beauty, poetry only in grandiose, unusual paintings for a Russian person high mountains, abysses, waterfalls, rapidly flowing rivers, seas. Pushkin says this about the romantic tastes of his youth:

At that time I seemed to need
Deserts, pearly waves,
And the noise of the sea, and piles of rocks ...

With his highly poetic depictions of the simple, modest nature of central Russia, Pushkin decisively changed the tastes of readers and writers, too. He showed how much charm and poetry lies in these paintings, familiar to everyone, dear, but not sufficiently appreciated by us.

… Waking up early,
Tatyana saw through the window ...
Forty merry ones, in the yard
And softly padded mountains
Winters are a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white around.

This is the beginning of winter. And here is how spring is described in the village. Here is a clear sky, and the first fluff on the trees, and the first flight of bees for honey, and the appearance of flowers in the meadows, and the first pasture of cows to pasture, and, finally, completing and making even more poetic this image of awakened life in nature, - nightingale songs at night. Pushkin, who managed to see beauty in the most simple and ordinary, who managed to find the most faithful, most poetic words to express this beauty, infects us too. He teaches us to see, understand and love our modest nature compared to the south, but beautiful in its simplicity.
So much in the novel bright paintings, so much soul-pleasing beauty in the depiction of life, nature, so many heartfelt descriptions of good, honest, high feelings, experiences and deeds that this light content of the novel takes precedence over the sad thoughts of the author.

When V.G. Belinsky called the novel “Eugene Onegin” “an encyclopedia of Russian life”, then, first of all, of course, he singled out a variety of scenes and paintings public life, rural and urban life, shown by the writer. But in this "encyclopedia" a prominent place was also occupied by descriptions of nature, which appear on the pages of the novel either in the form of separate strokes and comparisons, or in the form of expanded pictures in several stanzas.

It is interesting to note that the poet begins to describe his native nature at length only from the fourth chapter, in which he gradually reveals to us poetic soul Tatyana. It seems that the author, through the perception of nature, is trying to reveal the character of the characters. In Larina, a special perception of the world, love, life through nature merges. And it’s not for nothing that Pushkin said:

Tatiana ( Russian soul,

I don't know why.)

With her cold beauty

loved Russian winter...

One can guess why, of all the seasons, Alexander Sergeevich chose winter in order to emphasize “Russianness”. After all, the first thing that foreigners who lived in Russia have always noted is a long winter (there is nothing like it in Europe), Russian cold, snow. This is a characteristic time of the year for the country. But the novelist chuckles at the summer:

But naked northern summer,

southern winters cartoon,

Flicker and no...

If, talking about his “sweet ideal”, the creator of the novel gives juicy, free descriptions, then the unpoetic Onegin sometimes causes him a slightly mocking attitude towards nature. Even the comparisons that Eugene uses show how indifferent he is to her beauties. So, in a conversation with Lensky, he compares Olga with the moon:

She is round, red-faced,

Like that stupid moon

In this stupid sky.

But Tatyana in the fifth chapter is also compared with the moon, but in a completely different way: “And, the morning moon is paler ...”

Onegin was bored in the city, where "he was equally yawning among the fashionable and ancient halls," he was also bored in the estate, although "the village where Yevgeny was bored was a lovely corner."

The creator of the novel in verse, locked up for a long time in Mikhailovsky, of course, he laughed at the boring village monotony, and rushed to the capital, but at the same time he enjoyed the beauties native nature. As you know, he loved autumn most of all.

Already the sky was breathing in autumn,

The sun shone less

The day was getting shorter

Forests mysterious canopy

With a sad noise she was naked,

Fog fell on the fields

geese noisy caravan

Moved south...

Descriptions of nature in the work are inextricably linked with the life of the people, the unity of peasant life and nature. Pushkin caustically contrasts his “low” description of fields and forests with the way other poets describe nature in “luxurious style” in a romantic style. But it is precisely these pictures of “lower nature” that sink surprisingly deep into the soul.

Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,

On firewood updates the path;

his horse, smelling snow,

Trotting somehow;

Reins fluffy exploding,

A remote wagon flies;

The coachman sits on the irradiation.

In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.

Here is a yard boy running,

Planting a bug in a sled,

Transforming himself into a horse;

The scoundrel already froze his finger:

It hurts and it's funny

And his mother threatens him through the window...

great artist words in their descriptions is very diverse. The style and language of his descriptions are constantly changing depending on what goals he sets. I just brought a household sketch. And in the scenes of Tatyana's dream, as romantic as the love of this girl for her hero, nature becomes mysterious, enigmatic.

Before them is a forest; motionless pines

In its frowning beauty;

All their branches are weighed down

patches of snow; through the peaks

Aspens, birches and lindens naked

A beam of night luminaries shines;

There is no road; bushes, rapids

All are covered with a blizzard,

Buried deep in the snow.

And the place where Lensky, “a poet, a pensive dreamer”, killed by a friendly hand, is buried, is again described in such a way as to emphasize how this young man saw the world.

There is a place: to the left of the village,

Where did the offspring of inspiration live,

Two pine trees fused with their roots...

There the plowman likes to rest,

And plunge the reapers into the waves

Ringing jugs are coming...

There by the stream in the thick shade

A simple monument was erected.

Pushkin's descriptions of winter and autumn are beautiful. And I would like to end the essay with a no less wonderful description of spring, with which the seventh chapter begins:

Chased by spring rays,

There is already snow from the surrounding mountains

Escaped by muddy streams

To flooded meadows.

Nature's clear smile

Through a dream meets the morning of the year;

The skies are shining blue.

Still transparent, forests

As if they are turning green.

Nature appears in the novel in different images: these are landscape sketches, and a natural, harmonious world, opposing vanity and confusion human soul, soothing and ennobling, and the source means of expression to recreate various mental states heroes.
Affirming impermanence, changeability female feelings, Onegin compares them with fast-flowing natural phenomena:

The young maiden will change more than once
Dreams are light dreams;
So the tree has its leaves
Changes every spring.
So, apparently, the sky is destined.

Bright, colorful paintings nature, scattered over the motley storyline novel, sparkle and shimmer like precious stones. Many of them became winged, gained life, like independent works. However, the author depicts nature not enthusiastically romantically, but subjectively realistically - after all, the eternal and many-sided nature is objectively perfect and does not need verbal decoration. Sometimes Pushkin even allows himself light irony when describing not the most favorite seasons of the year:

But our northern summer
southern winters cartoon,
Flickers and no: it is known,
Even if we don't want to admit it...
Fog fell on the fields
Noisy geese caravan
Stretched to the south: approaching
Pretty boring time;
November was already at the yard.

But even in these ironic sketches there is amazing accuracy, amazing accuracy in conveying moods. The poet paid tribute to all the seasons of the year. Following the dreary, expectant (“nature was waiting, waiting for winter”) sometimes when the rich, bright colors mature nature were replaced by plain black, gray, the long-awaited winter is coming:

Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow...

Loyal life truth, Pushkin paints not just a winter landscape, he creates a psychological portrait of the beginning of the season, the image of winter perceived by the peasants. Nature for the people is not only an object of admiration, but also a favorable period for sleigh rides after the autumn off-road. The details of peasant winter life are recreated quite poetically: a red sash against the background of a bright white, brilliant snow carpet, the swift flight of a wagon, exploding “fluffy reins”. And yet, the poeticization of simple, unremarkable life phenomena is defiantly bold for belles-lettres that time. But Pushkin defiantly emphasizes the principle of a realistic view of the world:

But maybe this kind
Pictures will not attract you:
All this is low nature;
Not much beauty here.

Contrasting his winter landscape saturated with realistic details with exquisite depictions of “luxurious style” of “all shades of winter bliss”, the poet defends the right to creative independence, naturalness.
But Pushkin is changeable and multifaceted. Through the eyes of his beloved heroine, he recreates the image of a colorful and poetic winter:

Tatyana (Russian soul,
I don't know why.)
With her cold beauty
I loved Russian winter
Frost in the sun on a frosty day,
And the sleigh, and late dawn
Shine of pink snows,
And the darkness of Epiphany evenings.

The arrival of spring Pushkin paints with bright, light colors.
The joy of the awakening of nature, the renewal of life is conveyed by a variety of definitions, epithets, an abundance of verbs:

Nature's clear smile
Through a dream meets the morning of the year;
The skies are shining blue.
Still transparent, forests
As if they are turning green.

But Pushkin not only reflects the outside world, nature is the backdrop against which the spiritual life of a person flows. The inner life is not always consonant with changes in nature, in this case the contrast between naturalness natural phenomena and emotional confusion emphasizes the mood of the hero. A clear, cloudless sky, transparent air make spiritual sadness even more difficult.

How sad is your appearance to me,
Spring, spring! it's time for love!
What a languid excitement
In my soul, in my blood!
With what heavy tenderness
I enjoy the breath
In the face of the blowing spring...

What in youth inspired, gave strength and energy, now causes only sadness. There is no joy in the soul of the discovery of the world - there is only the weight of the years lived and unfulfilled hopes.
Pushkin perfectly described a summer evening filled with moonlight filled with peaceful sounds. Every sound is heard clearly, even the quietest. Silence fascinates with the harmony of resting nature, peace and tranquility.
True, Tatyana, immersed in her dreams, this time does not admire the beauty of nature, heartache swallowed her whole.

It was evening. The sky was dark. Water
They flowed quietly. The beetle buzzed.
The round dances were already dispersed;
Already across the river, smoking, blazing
Fishing fire.

And finally, autumn. Pushkin's favorite time, a riot of colors of mature nature, a fruitful time creative work, inspiration. Bright, saturated colors delight the eye and soul, but anxiety is already creeping into the heart - the age of prosperity is short, the harsh winter will soon swallow this farewell smile of nature:

Golden autumn has come
Nature is quivering, pale,
Like a sacrifice, magnificently removed ...
Here is the north, catching up the clouds,
He breathed, howled - and here she is
The magical winter is coming.

The image of autumn is also tragic because it is perceived through the eyes of Tatyana, whose feelings are sharpened to the limit. She says goodbye to her girlish dreams, to her loved ones rural scenery. Childhood is over, she is being taken “to the bride fair”, and her heart is breaking from unrequited love, hopelessness.
Pushkin's nature is a world of harmony, a source of inner peace. Spiritual connection with nature is a sign of deep nature, rejection of it is a feature of spiritual poverty, the limitations of a person.