Outline of the lesson on the world around on the topic: Russia is a multinational country. What do we know about the peoples of Russia

Russia is a multinational state with more than 200 various peoples. This diversity is made possible by large area occupied by the state. Let's find out what we know about the peoples of Russia?

central Russia

Central Russia is the largest and most populated region of the country. It was here that our ancestors - the Slavs - lived from time immemorial. Dense forests, in which it was always possible to hunt well, pick a lot of berries and mushrooms, full-flowing rivers rich in fish, have always attracted people here.

Representative Eastern Slavs is the Russian people, which makes up 80% of the population of Russia. This is the most numerous ethnic group on the territory of Europe. National language- Russian.

Southern Russia

On South Russian Federation the most multinational region is located - North Caucasus. More than 100 different peoples live in a relatively small area. On the territory of Dagestan alone, representatives of 30 peoples have been living side by side for many years: the Lizgins, Avars, Dargins, Laks and many others. Moreover, each nation has its own language and customs.

Rice. 1. Inhabitants of the Caucasus

For all the peoples of the Caucasus long and good tradition is hospitality. Even unfamiliar or completely strangers welcome here very warmly. A guest in the house for every inhabitant of the Caucasus is the most honorable person who is given increased attention.

Volga region

In the east of the country there is an extended region - the Volga region. Many peoples live here, but the Kalmyks are the most remarkable. Three centuries ago, they lived in China, but due to numerous wars they were forced to leave historical homeland. Having moved to Russia, they settled in the Volga region, where they went about their usual business: breeding horses, camels, sheep.

Ural

In the center of the Russian Federation there is a beautiful region - the Urals, rich in all kinds of natural resources. Thanks to this, in the region you can meet representatives of the most different peoples. For example, the Bashkirs live here - in the past they were excellent shooters and riders. In translation, the name of this people is translated as “leader wolf”, which, according to ancient legends, was the ancestor of all Bashkirs.

Western Siberia

Among the vast expanses of Siberia, the most densely populated is its western part. chief natural wealth this region are deposits of coal, gas, oil. However, Siberians are not only Russians, but also representatives of many other peoples: Tuvans, Buryats, Yakuts, Evenks. On the northern outskirts, such small peoples as the Chukchi, Eskimos, and Koryaks live, who from time immemorial have been engaged in fishing and hunting for sea animals.

Most small people Siberia - Kets, the number of which does not exceed one thousand people. They have long lived in the taiga and speak a dialect that almost no one else understands. Outwardly, the Kets are very similar to the American Indians.

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The world(3rd grade)
PART 2. MY HOMELAND
Lesson 30.
SECTION VI. MODERN RUSSIA
Theme: PEOPLES OF RUSSIA
Goals:
- to acquaint students with two meanings of the term "people", a variety of cultures and customs of the peoples inhabiting
Russia.
Lesson stages
During the classes
Formation of UUD
and technology
evaluation of educational
success
Ι
. Update
knowledge and
staging
educational
Problems.
4 1 3
How do you understand the word "people"?
Based on the experience of previous lessons (for example, topic 23 was called “Power
people"), students can say that the people are all citizens of the state.
So, we can say that all citizens of Russia are the people of Russia.
There is a note on the board:
Citizens of Russia = united people Russia.
Teacher (addressing students, representatives different ethnic groups):
What languages do your peoples speak?
Pupils name, for example: in Russian, in Tatar, in Udmurt, etc.
OR:
Look at the map of Russia on p. 111. What is indicated by the words in red?
(Names of nations.)

Cognitive UUD
1. Develop skills
extract information from
schemes,
illustrations,
texts.
2. Represent
information in the form
scheme.
3. Reveal the essence,
features of objects.
4. Based on analysis
objects to draw conclusions.
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There is a note on the board:
There are many peoples in Russia.
- Look at the blackboard. What contradiction do you notice? Which arises
question?
With the help of the teacher, students formulate the main question (problem) of the lesson:
How many peoples live in Russia - one or many?
The problem of the lesson is written on the board. It needs to be constantly
contact during the lesson, especially on last step lesson.
- Make a lesson plan.
Plan (approximate) 3
The teacher and the children make a plan.
- What did we do now? (Planned our activities.)
- What skill did you develop?
The teacher invites the children to express their assumptions about the problem of the lesson.
Perhaps the children will guess that the word "people" has two meanings.
. A joint
ΙΙ
discovery of knowledge.
Finding a solution
Problems.
3 1 4 4 3 2
1. The population of Russia is a mosaic of peoples.
The check of assumptions is carried out according to the fragment “Children of different nations” up to
the words "... live throughout its territory."
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5. Summarize and
classify by
signs.
6. Focus on
textbook spread.
7. Find answers to
questions in the illustration.
Communicative
UUD
1. Develop the skill
listen and understand
others.
2. Build speech
statement in
According to
assigned tasks.
3. Design your
thoughts verbally.
4. Ability to work in
couples and in groups.
Personal
results
1. Develop skills
show one's own

relationship with heroes
express your emotions.
2. Evaluate actions in
According to
a certain situation.
3. We form motivation
to learning and
purposeful
cognitive
activities.

The students, with the help of the teacher, come to the conclusion that many people live in Russia.
different peoples. You can imagine the diversity of the population of Russia with the help of
model "Mosaic of peoples".
The teacher before the lesson distributes to the children the details of the puzzle with the names of the peoples of Russia.
Details can be of the usual shape (square with two ledges and two
grooves) or in the form of a regular hexagon, square, etc. All
the parts must be the same and fit together in any order.
The desks in the classroom are shifted so that four large tables are obtained, on
which are exhibited signs: "European part of Russia", "Northern
Caucasus”, “Far North”, “Siberia and Far East". Each table has a sheet
paper, glue.
Before composing the mosaic, it is necessary to carefully consider the map on p.
125. Students should pay attention to the fact that the territory of Russia is huge
and conditionally it can be divided into several parts. Every citizen of Russia
can move freely throughout the territory, live and work in any
place of Russia. Next, the students in a chain read the names under the map
peoples of Russia and the names of the territories where the majority of representatives live
these peoples.
Assignment to students (not done on time, at a calm pace!): using
maps on p. 125 and 111 find out where the people indicated on the puzzle piece live. On
a sheet of paper lying on the appropriate table, stick the puzzle pieces (to
there was no crowd, you can put a condition that near each table can
no more than two people). Attach the resulting four sheets to
map of Russia on the blackboard.
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ΙΙΙ
.
Independent
application
knowledge.
The resulting model serves as an illustration of the main idea of the lesson that
individual peoples ethnic groups are united by one homeland - Russia and represent
one Russian people.
2. Folk culture.
Further, the lesson can be built as a game "Fair", where children will
represent, beat, tell everything they know about food,
costumes, legends, tales, traditional activities, fisheries of different
peoples inhabiting Russia.
– What were we doing now?
- What skills did you develop?
2 1 4 4 6
Group work.
Let's go back to the main question of our lesson. What do we want today
to figure out? (Is there one people in Russia or many?)
- What answer can you give to this question?
Pupils confer in groups, and representatives from groups express their version
problem solving. With the help of the teacher, the students should come to the conclusion that
the word "people" has two different meanings. In the first sense, "the people" is everything
citizens of one state. In the second sense, "people" is a large group
people, which differs from others by its name and special culture.
The application of new knowledge can be organized using questions 1-9 after
text. Special attention should be given to questions 7 and 8:
7. Explain how different peoples of Russia differ from each other. Tell me what
unites the peoples of Russia.
Regulatory UUD
1. Develop the skill
express one's own
assumption based on
work with material
textbook.
2. Evaluate training
action in accordance
with the assigned task.
3. Predict
future work
(to make plan).
4. Exercise
educational and
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When students answer, it is important that the teacher mark as unifying
peoples, the moment is not only state unity, but also the fact that culture, life
representatives of different peoples connect them with each other. Families where mother and
father are representatives of different peoples living in Russia, meet
Often!
8. Why do you think Russia has become common motherland for many nations?
!!! On this question it will be difficult for students to answer, since they have not yet
possess sufficient historical and cultural knowledge. The question is called
to orient students to the constant expansion of their knowledge in this
areas. Nevertheless, all versions of students should be heard and noted.
It is not necessary to answer all the questions in class, select one or two questions,
children liked, and the rest can be given to those who wish to take home.
personal reflection.
TOUU

What was the level of the assignment?

Work in workbook.
Completion of task No. 1, 2 N (independently), task No. 1, 2 P (work in
couples).
Questions to the student (formation of the self-assessment algorithm):
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Vi . homemade
exercise.
V. Summary of the lesson.
- What did you have to do?
Did you manage to complete the task?
Did you do everything right or were there any mistakes?
Did you do it yourself or with someone's help?
What was the level of the assignment?
What skills did you develop while doing this task?
- Now, together with ... (student's name) we learned to evaluate our work.
Mandatory task for everyone: complete one of the tasks in the workbook for
topic 25, choosing from those that weren't done in class. The teacher can
invite students who wish to read the topic in its entirety, and also complete
creative task:
– Draw or describe features traditional costume one of the nations
Russia.
What work are we doing now?
– What have you learned?
- Who handled it easily?
Who has had a hard time so far?
Who or what helped you cope?
Who is happy with their work today?
Who would like to fix something? What? What do I need to do?
What mark would you give yourself?
– What did you learn new?
What did you find most interesting at the lesson today?
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§ 1 Multinational Russia

The main wealth of every country is its population. About one hundred and forty million people live in Russia.

If we look at the main document of the Russian Federation - the Constitution, we will see that it begins with the words "Russia is a multinational country."

Let's discuss and figure it out. What do these words mean? What peoples live in our country?

Listen to a poem by Vladimir Stepanov:

Different people live in Russia

peoples for a long time.

One likes the taiga

Others - the steppe expanse.

Every people

Your own language and attire.

One wears a Circassian

The other put on a robe.

One is a fisherman from birth,

The other is a reindeer herder,

One koumiss is preparing

Another prepares honey.

One sweeter autumn

Another mile is spring.

And Motherland Russia,

We all have one.

More than one hundred and eighty peoples inhabit its territory. Each nation has its own traditions, customs, holidays, its own language, its own costume. Such multinationality is the real wealth of Russia.

§ 2 Peoples of Russia

Russians make up most of the population of our country, therefore the state language is Russian.

Ancestors of the peoples Central Russia are Slavs. The Slavs include such peoples as Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians. Initially, these territories attracted people with their forests with mushrooms, berries, animals; rivers full of fish. Tatars, Mordovians, Maris, Chuvashs also live in Central Russia.

Siberia is the largest territory of Russia. It is inhabited by many different peoples who have well preserved their traditions, customs and languages. They live as a single family, helping each other. The most numerous indigenous peoples of Siberia are Buryats, Yakuts, Tuvans. Evenks settled in the taiga. Shorts and Altaians live in the mountains. Mansi and Khanty settle between the Yenisei and Ob rivers. But the seculpas, the Nenets, have adapted to the harsh conditions of the Tundra. In the North of the Far Eastern land live such peoples as the Chukchi, Eskimos, Koryaks. They catch fish and other marine life.

Multinational and the North Caucasus. Dagestanis, Chechens, Ingush, Ossetians and other peoples live in the Caucasus. The Caucasian land is very fertile, so people are engaged in agriculture and gardening. Its peoples have long been considered excellent warriors. They shoot and ride very well.

Since ancient times, many peoples lived on the territory of Rus'. Shoulder to shoulder they stood up to defend their country. IN mass graves Russians, Udmurts, Altaians, Nenets, Ossetians and other peoples who fought in the Great Patriotic war. Once, during an interrogation, one of the Dagestan soldiers proudly answered the Nazis: “I am also Russian. We are all children of the same Motherland - Russia.

§ 3 Friendship of peoples

It is impossible to imagine Russian culture without such names as Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev and others famous figures who sang the Russian land in their works. They were different nationalities but gave their whole soul and life to the service of Russia.

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, whose father was a Dane and his mother a German, created " Dictionary living Great Russian language. He always claimed: "I am Russian in spirit."

All peoples must live in friendship, peace and harmony. Living on the same land, representatives of different nations become similar to each other, enrich their culture and traditions. With great pleasure they see off Shrovetide with pancakes and pies. The Russian people like this holiday very much. Tatars celebrate their holiday - Sabantuy. In the summer, when all the work in the fields is finished, the people come out to celebrate him with dances, games, competitions in valor. The Buryats also have a similar holiday - Surkharban.

There are different religions in our country. But they all teach that you need to live in peace, love each other, respect and honor elders, do good, defend your homeland.

An educational resource (summary, presentation, interactive test on the topic under study) can be used in the study of national-regional, ethno-cultural characteristics of the Ural region (including Chelyabinsk region) within the framework of the subject "The World around" in grades 3-4 of the EMC "School of Russia", "School 2010", "School of the XXI century", "Harmony", etc., as well as in the systems of developmental and correctional education at extracurricular activities.

Name of UMC: educational resource can be used in the study of national-regional, ethnocultural features of the Ural region (including the Chelyabinsk region) within the framework of the subject "World around" in grades 3-4 of the teaching materials "School of Russia", "School 2010", "School of the XXI century", "Harmony ”, etc., as well as in the systems of developmental and remedial education at extracurricular activities.

Purpose: acquaintance with the national composition of the Ural region, with the peculiarities of the life of the Bashkirs, Tatars and Russian peoples in the old days.

Tasks
Subject: to acquaint students with the national composition of the Ural region, with the peculiarities of the life of the Bashkirs, Tatars and Russian peoples in the old days; to continue work on the formation of such concepts as: country, region (region), administrative center - city; learn to find physical map Russia Ural region; learn to find on the map of the Chelyabinsk region hometown(Kyshtym) and the regional center - the city (Chelyabinsk).

Meta-subject: to develop the ability of students to accept and maintain the learning goal and objectives; develop the ability to self-regulate behavior; develop the ability to independently seek means of solving the problem; develop the ability to collaborate with peers in solving educational problems take responsibility for the results of your actions.

Personal: to cultivate interest in professions (in particular, in the profession of "archaeologist"); to cultivate interest in the way of life of the peoples inhabiting motherland; to cultivate respect for the culture of peoples of different nationalities; develop awareness of their ethnicity.

Handout: for conducting organizational moment- cards with written letters (“P”, “O”, “C”, “I”, “I”; cards are distributed randomly, the total number of cards is equal to the number of students in the class); printout of a geographical map of the Chelyabinsk region (for work in pairs); printout of the final test (according to the number of students).

Hardware and software
With individual and group work required technical support: computer (laptop), computer mouse. When working from the front, it is recommended to use a multimedia projector, speakers and screen with the above equipment. Recommended programs: PowerPoint 2007 / 2010 / 2013.

Progress of an extracurricular activity
I. Organizational moment
- A cheerful bell rang.
Is everyone ready? All is ready?
We don't rest now
We are starting to work.
. Game for the development of attention "Clouds"
- Look, guys, at your desk. Each of you has a card with a letter written on it. Before you sit down on your workplace, we will play the game "Clouds" with you. Listen to the rule of the game: a cloud with a written letter will float on the screen; those guys who have the same letter with your card on the desk should sit quietly. (The letters "P", "O", "C", "I", "I" are written on the clouds)
slide number 2

Pupils listen to the instructions for the game; match their letter written on the card with the letter on the screen; in accordance with the requirement, they must QUIETly sit down at their workplace.

II. Classroom theme message
-Let's, guys, remember what letters we met in the game. (The teacher listens to the children's answers.)

Game "Make a word"
- In the round dance of our letters, I will add another cloud with the letter "C". Rearrange the letters in places, and you get a word.
-What word did you get? (It turned out the word "Russia").
-What does this word mean? (This is the name of the country in which we live).
slide number 3

Today, guys, class hour we will visit little Yegorka. Egor is an inquisitive boy, and every minute he asks grandfather Matvey different questions. And then one day the grandson asked his grandfather: what peoples live in our region? This question will be the topic of our class hour.
slide number 4

Pupils listen to the instructions for the game; perform the task in accordance with the requirements; fix the name of our country.

III. Work on the formation of the concepts of "country", "region", "administrative city"
. Acquaintance with the name of the region (region) "Ural"
-To answer Egorka's question, grandfather Matvey first invites you to look at the map of our Motherland. Our country - Russia occupies a vast territory. (The teacher shows the borders of Russia with a pointer). Our region, where we live, is located near the Ural Mountains. (The teacher shows on the map the extent of the Ural Mountains). The name of the mountains tells you the name of our land, region.
What is the name of our region? (Our region is called Ural.)

slide number 5
. Acquaintance with the administrative centers - cities of the Urals
- There are 140 cities in the Urals region; let's read the names of the administrative centers that are the most major cities Ural.
-Which of these cities is our regional center? (Our regional center is the city of Chelyabinsk.)

slide number 6
. Working with maps of the Chelyabinsk region
-You have a map of the Chelyabinsk region on your desk. Help Yegorka find the name of her city and the city of Chelyabinsk on the map. (Work in pairs.)
slide number 7

Check (frontal)
Conclusion: our city, like the city of Chelyabinsk, is located in the southern part of the Urals, so in the conversation of adults you can often hear that we live in the Southern Urals.
. Focusing on the main issue of the class hour
- So we come to the main question that Egor asked his grandfather: what peoples live in our region. Students get to know geographical map Russia, correlate the name of the Ural Mountains with the name of the region (region) in which they live; learn to find the Ural region on the physical map of Russia.

Pupils read the names of the administrative cities of the Urals.
IV. Acquaintance with the national composition of the Ural region,
with the features of the life of the Bashkirs, Tatars and Russian peoples in the old days
. Acquaintance with the concept of "archaeologist"
-When Grandfather Matvey was young, he worked as an archaeologist.
How many of you know what the word "archaeologist" means? (The teacher listens to the children's answers.)
slide number 8

An archaeologist is a scientist who studies human history by material sources. Material sources include tools, utensils, jewelry, art objects, remains of buildings and other objects that were once created by man. The work of an archaeologist is associated with constant excavations, campaigns, expeditions, research that help to make great discoveries and bit by bit recreate all stages of people's lives from the moment of the birth of mankind.
When grandfather Matvey worked as an archaeologist, he visited many places in the Urals.

The story of the first man in the Urals
- A very interesting study was conducted by grandfather Matvey in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Together with other scientists - archaeologists, he discovered in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Karabalykty, not far from the village of Tashbulatovo, ancient parking primitive man. A skeleton was also found there. ancient man. According to the remains of the skeleton, scientists have recreated its appearance.
And in the Shulgan-tash cave, on the banks of the Belaya (Agidel), scientists discovered cave paintings of primitive man. Here are figures of mammoths, horses and rhinos. The pictures show that the ancient people who once inhabited our region saw these animals in close proximity.
slide number 9

Fizminutka " Cave drawings»
- And now we will play the game "Rock paintings". We perform the exercises in accordance with the picture.
slide number 10

General information about national composition Ural
-Ural is known as a multinational region with rich culture, not only Russians live here, but also Bashkirs, Tatars, Komi, Mansi, Nenets, Mari, Chuvashs, Mordvins and others.
- In the Chelyabinsk region, most of all live Russians, Bashkirs and Tatars. Grandfather Matvey will tell us about people of this nationality.
slide number 11

The story of the Bashkir peoples
- In ancient times, there lived a nomadic people. Nomadic people wandered from place to place, best places searched. had nomadic people a lot of livestock, and animals need spacious steppes rich in herbs, and rivers with clean water.
Where nomads lived, grass and water are scarce. They decided to look for the best places.

The nomads walked for a long, long time, they were tired. The elders thought: what to do? Where to go, west or east, north or south? Aksakals are the eldest, most smart people. And suddenly, they saw a pack of wolves. The leader of the pack, the smartest wolf, approached the elders. The wolf leader stood in front of the caravan and led it further.

People followed the wolf for a long time, until they reached a fertile land rich in rivers and lakes with clean water, steppes with green grass, forests and mountains. Having reached this place, the wolf leader disappeared.

After consulting among themselves, the aksakals of the nomadic people decided: “We cannot find a land more beautiful than this. Let us stop here and make her our camp." And they began to live on this land, the beauty and richness of which has no equal in the world. They set up yurts, began to breed livestock: horses, sheep, goats, cows, camels.

Since then, this people began to call themselves "Bashkortar", that is, people who came for the main wolf. The descendants of the "Bashkorts" still live in the Urals today, they are called Bashkirs.

In summer, the Bashkirs roamed the steppe, taking yurts with them. A yurt is a house. A yurt was assembled from slats and covered with felt. It is warm in the yurt in the cold, cool in the heat. Inside the yurt, in the center - a hearth, he is happy to warm and feed his family. Beds and chests, warm carpets on the floor. Bashkirs drink and eat on carpets, they do not sit on chairs.

In winter, the Bashkirs lived in auls, in wooden houses. Auls were built in river valleys or near dense forests. The Bashkirs fished in the rivers. In the forests they hunted, collected berries, mushrooms and honey from wild bees.
slide number 12

The story of the Tatar people
- Not only the Bashkirs were attracted by our fertile land. Tatars settled on the lands of the Urals. By tradition, Tatar villages were located on the banks of rivers. traditional dwelling Tatars had a hut, fenced off from the street by a fence. The outer facade of the hut was decorated with multi-color painting.
Tatars hardworking people. They were engaged in crafts and trade. Tatar children with early years teach to respect the elders and not offend the younger. Tatars are very hospitable, guests are treated to sweet chak-chak, sherbet, honey and fragrant tea, they offer to spend the night.

slide number 13

The story of the Russian people
Russian people settled in the Urals, uprooted the forest, built huts. Grain growers plowed the land, sowed rye and oats. Harvested in autumn. Russian artisans mined ores, worked in factories. The military built fortresses. The merchants traded.
slide number 14

So the Bashkirs, Tatars and Russians live nearby. Each nation speaks its own language, prays to its gods, wears its own national dress. The peoples of the Urals observe their customs, do not forget about friendship.
slide number 15

V. Consolidation
. Conclusion
- In our region, as in all of Russia, different peoples live.
Strong great power
Sons, daughters.
Russia's glory will not fade,
As long as we are together and united!