Why are gypsies called Romaly? Gypsy secrets that everyone needs to know. Gypsies in North Africa

Until our time, there were many myths and legends about the origin of the gypsies. Probably the most common of them is that the gypsies are the descendants of the inhabitants of Atlantis, which has sunk into oblivion. I would like to believe... beautiful legend, but, of course, all this comes from ignorance of world history, ignorance of the Gypsy culture, language, customs, customs. In our time, at dawn information technologies and a decent amount of resources, it is no longer a secret to anyone that the gypsies are from India. From which region, province, locality one can argue for a long time and to no avail. Experts say that Indian bands started their career as a result of the economic crisis in India. These are groups, mainly artisans, artists, merchants, who began their career no later than the 6th century. There is an opinion that the gypsies descended from Indian caste"House", later the name, which was transformed into the well-known "Roma", from which the self-name of all Roma ethnic groups came from. How did the economic crisis in India affect the spread of gypsies in the world? The answer is simple ... The ancestors of the gypsies have too little space left to exist and conduct their trade. Even at the present time, artists cannot exist without touring, merchants move to new places if the demand for their goods has fallen, manufacturers sell their goods to different countries of the world. Perhaps someone will ask: "Why did only the ancestors of the Gypsies then start a nomadic?" But I have already given the answer to this question... The economic crisis... It is not necessary for wealthy people to wander in order to live, while Roma groups developed new spaces in small numbers, which is the reason for their long spread. Studying the history of the Gypsies, it is necessary to analyze the formation of the Gypsy language. Almost a third of the vocabulary of the Romani language is common with Sanskrit, which once again confirms Indian origin Gypsy. From this analysis, it is possible to trace the spread of Gypsy words borrowed from other languages. The Persian and Greek languages ​​had a significant influence on the Romani language. Before rather large groups of gypsies settled in Byzantium (this is the territory of modern Turkey, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, etc.), they passed through Persia. Roma settled in the Balkans large groups and for a long time (300-500 years). It's about politics Byzantine Empire, which not only did not drive the gypsies away, but also contributed to the development of their craft. Byzantium was Orthodox state; many gypsies converted to Christianity. But at the beginning of the 15th century, the territory of Byzantium was significantly reduced due to hostilities, after which many Roma began to leave for Western Europe, although the majority still remained in the Balkans. The Ottoman Empire, which later arose on the site of Byzantium, also properly treated the Roma groups and contributed to the development of their craft. Although in Ottoman Empire Islam was preached, but less than a quarter of the gypsies who remained in the Balkans accepted it; the majority remained faithful to Christianity. Gypsies who migrated to the West faced a difficult fate, because. countries Western Europe they were not needed at all; Gypsies were outlawed there. Roma groups were vagrants and beggars for everyone. Many were killed, many were branded, trying to expel from their lands. Of course, the persecution of the gypsies left a huge imprint in their psychology, teaching them not to trust anyone but themselves, rallying them and teaching them how to survive in the most difficult situations. IN early XVIII century, gypsies appeared in Russia, where, with their appearance, anti-gypsy laws were not introduced. This is due to the fact that the gypsies came to Russia later than to Europe, in which anger against the gypsies had subsided by that time, and Russian policy was aimed at European image life. The first gypsies modern group"Russka Roma" came to Russia through Poland and, as a result, ended up in their first major city, St. Petersburg. Later, other Roma groups appeared, coming from the Balkans. Time is running and in ours the gypsies were divided all over the world into different ethnic groups, differing from each other in certain customs, dialects, upbringing and other factors. There are a large number of Roma groups in the world, for example, "Polish Roma"-Polish group, "Latfitska Roma"-Latvian group, "Lithuanian Roma"-Lithuanian group, "Kale"-Spanish group, "Sinti"-German group, "Romanichel "-English group and many others. etc. Gypsy religion is also surrounded by myths ... Some gajyo (non-gypsies) believe that gypsies worship their pagan gods, some believe that the Roma change their faith depending on the environment around them ... But these are all fairy tales ... Yes, not all Roma groups belong to the same faith. It depends on what society they live in: Christian or Muslim. There is not even a conversation about pagan rites. Yes, of course, they existed, but did the Russians have their own specific religion before the adoption of Christianity? No... There were pagan rites. Now some gypsies are very reverent about their faith; be it Islam, be it Christianity, now this faith is Theirs too! I wish people could see modern gypsies not only in poor people asking for their bread, or criminals, but also in the surrounding people, literate and educated. But if they are nearby, then they hide, for the most part, their nationality because of the opinion that has developed about them!

Roma, Gypsies, Roma are a traditionally itinerant people originally from North India, spread throughout the world, mainly in Europe.

Language and origin

Most Romani speak a form of Romani, closely related to the modern Indo-European languages ​​of North India, and also the main language of the country in which they live. It is generally accepted that Romani groups left India many times, and by the 11th century they were already in Persia, at the beginning of the 14th century. - in South-Eastern Europe, and in the XV century. reached Western Europe. By the second half of the twentieth century. they spread over all inhabited continents.

Roma people call themselves one common name"rom" (which means "man" or "husband"), and all non-gypsies - the term "gadzho" or "gadzho" (a word with a derogatory connotation that means "hillbilly" or "barbarian"). Many Roma consider the name "Gypsies" offensive.

Demography

Due to their nomadic lifestyle, lack of official census data, and their mixing with other nomadic groups, estimates of the total global number of Roma are in the range of two to five million people. No reliable statistics based on sporadic reporting in different countries impossible to get. The majority of Roma still live in Europe, especially in the Slavic-speaking states of Central Europe and the Balkans. Many of them live in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Hungary, the countries of the former Yugoslavia and neighboring Bulgaria and Romania.

Eternal migrants

stereotypical view of nomadic gypsies often contradicts the fact that fewer and fewer of them are truly constantly migrating. However, their travel is limited. All nomadic Roma migrate along established routes that ignore national borders. They also follow a chain of kinship or tribal ties.

Roma predisposition to forced expulsions or deportations. 80 years after their first appearance in Western Europe in the 15th century, they were expelled from almost all countries of Western Europe. Despite the fact that Roma nationality became the cause of systematic persecution and export abroad, however, gypsies continued to appear in one form or another in the countries they left.

Objects of persecution

All non-settled groups living among settled peoples seem to be becoming comfortable. The same is the case with the Roma, who were regularly accused by the local population of many atrocities, which was a prelude to further official and legal persecution. Their relationship with host country authorities was marked by consistent controversy. Official decrees were often directed at their assimilation or coercion, but the local authorities systematically denied them the right to set up their camp.

During the Holocaust, the only fault of the Roma was their Roma, which led to the murder of 400,000 Roma by the Nazis.

French laws in our time forbid them to camp and made them the object of police supervision, taxed them and called for military service like ordinary citizens.

Spain and Wales are two countries that are often cited as examples of states where the Gypsies have become settled, if not fully assimilated.

Recently, the countries of the socialist camp of Eastern Europe attempted to implement forced settlement programs to end their nomadic lifestyle.

Gypsy professions

Traditionally, the Roma were engaged in jobs that allowed them to save nomadic image life, on the periphery of a settled society. The men were cattle dealers, animal trainers and entertainers, tinkers, blacksmiths, kitchen utensils menders, and musicians; women told fortunes, sold potions, begged and entertained the public.

Before the advent of veterinary medicine, many farmers sought out gypsies for advice on animal husbandry and herd health.

The modern life of the Roma reflects the "progress" of the Gajo world. Journeys are now made in caravans of cars, trucks and trailers, and the livestock trade has been replaced by the sale of used cars and trailers. Although the mass production of kitchen utensils has put tinkers out of work, some urban gypsies have become auto mechanics and repair car bodies. If some Roma people still lead a nomadic lifestyle, then many have settled down, practicing their skills or working as laborers. Traveling circuses and amusement parks also provide jobs for modern gypsies as trainers, stall holders and fortune tellers.

Family

The classic Roma family consists of married couple, their unmarried children and at least one married son, his wife and their children. After marriage, the young couple usually lives with the husband's parents until the young wife gets to know the way of life of her husband's family. Ideally, by the time the eldest son is ready to leave with his family, younger son marry and bring into his family new wife. Previously, marriages were traditionally organized by family or group elders to strengthen political and kinship ties with other families, groups, or, occasionally, confederations, although this practice was greatly reduced in the late twentieth century. Main Feature marriage unions of the Roma was the payment of kalym to the parents of the bride by the parents of the groom.

ethnic groups

Distinctive features of a Roma representative are territorial differences, reinforced by certain cultural and dialectal features. There are three main branches, or nations, of the gypsies:

• Kalderars are tinkers who came from the Balkans and then from Central Europe, being the most numerous.
• Iberian gypsies, or zhitanos, are a Romani nationality whose representatives live mainly on the Iberian Peninsula, in North Africa and in the south of France. Strong in the art of entertainment.
• Manouche (from the French manouche), also known as Sinti, is a Romani ethnicity whose representatives live mainly in Alsace and other regions of France and Germany. There are many traveling showmen and circus performers among them.

Each Roma nationality is divided into two or more sub-groups, distinguished by professional specialization or territorial origin.

Political organization

Not a single body, congress was ever officially created, and not a single “king” accepted by all Roma was elected, although “international” Roma congresses were held in Munich, Moscow, Bucharest, Sofia (in 1906) and in the Polish city of Ruvne (in 1936). However existence political authorities among the Roma is an established fact. Those who received noble titles such as "Duke" or "Count" in their early historical relations with the local population were probably no more than chieftains of groups that moved in numbers from 10 to several hundred households. These leaders (voivods) were elected for life from among prominent families. Their strength and power varied depending on the size of the association, traditions and relationships with other entities within the confederation.

The voivode was the treasurer for the whole group, determined the route of its migration and participated in negotiations with the local municipal authorities. He led through a council of elders who also consulted with the senior woman of the association. The influence of the latter was strong, especially with regard to the fate of women and children, and was based on the apparent ability to earn and organize women within the group.

social control

The strongest institution of the Roma people was the "kris" - the norms of customary law and justice, as well as the ritual and tribunal of the group. The basis of the Gypsy code was all-encompassing fidelity, coherence and reciprocity within a recognized political unit. The highest penalty of the tribunal, which dealt with all disputes and violations of the code, was excommunication from the group. The sentence of ostracism could exclude a person from participation in certain activities and punish him by performing unskilled work. In some cases, the elders granted rehabilitation followed by a feast of reconciliation.

social organization

Roma groups are made up of vics, i.e. associations of extended families with common origin both on the paternal and maternal lines, numbering at least 200 people. A large vice may have its own boss and council. You can apply for participation in vice as a result of marriage with a member of the genus. Loyalty and economic cooperation is expected at the household level, not at the vice level. IN gypsy absent general term for the household. A person can probably count on the support of a circle of significant relatives with whom he is physically close and not in a quarrel.

Spiritual Beliefs

Gypsies do not have an official faith, and in the past they tended to despise organized religion. Today, Roma often convert to the dominant religion of the country in which they live and describe themselves as "many stars scattered in the eyes of God". Some groups are Catholics, Muslims, Pentecostals, Protestants, Anglicans and Baptists.

Gypsies follow a complex set of rules that govern things like neatness, cleanliness, respect, honor, and fairness. These rules are called "romano". Romano means to behave with dignity and respect like a Roma person. "Romanipe" is the gypsy name for their worldview.

Tradition keepers

Roma were distributors folk beliefs and practitioners in the areas where they have settled (for example, Romania), while maintaining national customs, dancing and the like, which have largely disappeared from rural life at the turn of the XXI century. Their musical heritage is huge and includes, for example, flamenco. Although the Gypsies have a rich oral tradition, their written literature relatively poor.

IN early XXI Roma continue to struggle with contradictions in their culture for centuries. Although they are less likely to have to defend themselves against persecution by a hostile society, some distrust and intolerance still remain. Perhaps an even greater problem they faced was the erosion of their way of life under the influence of the city in industrialized societies. The themes of familial and ethnic loyalty, typical of Roma music, have helped to preserve certain notions of what Roma nationality is, but some of the younger and more talented exponents of this music, under the influence of material rewards, have withdrawn into the outside world. Individual housing, economic independence and mixed marriages with non-Roma became more common.

What are they, the Roma, how do they treat each other and do they still collect their courts? About it Epoch Times spoke with Yulia Dmitrievna Kondur, president of the international charitable organization "Roma Women's Fund "Chirikli"" and her daughter Kapitolina Kondur.

Tabor and his head

Y.D.K.: My ancestors, grandparents, both on the side of my father and on the side of my mother, are nomadic Roma. Grandfather was the leader of the Roma, the Baron. The baron is the eldest. He led the camp at 15-20 carts. This different families, mostly close relatives of grandmothers, great-grandmothers gathered. They roamed together.

Traditions

K.K.: Older generation takes a bad attitude to the fact that they forget customs, move away from traditional clothing, behavior. This is one of the problems why girls cannot go to school, especially if they need to leave for another city or another country - they simply may not let her in. It is believed that if she goes herself, she may be offended. Now they began to travel more, and they began to let go more often - more active position guys take over. This is right.

Roma language

Y.D.K.: For us, this is a painful issue: young people forget their native language. In many camps it has already been lost. In Hungary, the influence of the Austro-Hungarian language is felt, they speak Hungarian. Finland also speaks its own dialect. The Chisinau Roma generally have half of the Moldovan words.

In what region, in what country the Roma live, it affects both the language and religion, because, in fact, they don’t have their own.

Rum is an honor

Y.D.K.: Help each other, regardless of whether he can financially or not. He will give the last, if necessary, in any case, the life of the Roma will find how to help. Especially God forbid in trouble - a person fell ill, a commemoration, or vice versa - the birth of a child, weddings - then they give generous gifts, or even give the last.

You know, when I communicate with high-ranking officials, they say, “I don’t understand how it is with you Roma, no one ever pours dirt on each other.” And we say, "Because that's what makes us different." Rum is a respectful term, it's not just that you'll be called that. This is pride, the very word "you are rum, you are rum" is an honor.

Not knowing each other help - only because he is a rum. This feature is manifested, probably, due to the fact that this people experienced a lot in life, and they held on to each other in order to survive - this is what has been preserved.

The concept of justice

Y.D.K.: The main thing is to show yourself that you are fair, so that you are responsible for your words, for your actions. We have our own laws, and we still collect our courts. If, say, you acted in an unhuman, unfair manner, the court of elders, respectable respectable people, gather and decide what to do next.

Position of a woman

Y.D.K.: Her position is like oriental woman always remain in the background, both in society and in the family. This concerns the right to take the floor, the right to speak out on some issues, the right to learn. The restrictions are very big.

Basically, a woman is a housewife. Her profession is mother (laughs). She is at home, she looks after, cleans, she does everything to create comfort for the family, for her husband. Moreover, she is also responsible for earning for the family.

Hospitality

Y.D.K.: Sometimes Russians, representatives of other nationalities come to our house and are surprised: we do not ask why you have come, who you are - you yourself will say. If you came to me, then you knew where you were going and why. We open the door, we will feed this person, up to the fact that we offer to spend the night, stay with us, and he himself will tell. That's when you fed and watered him, then he will tell you everything why he came to you.

Roma national cuisine

K.K.: When the whole family gathers for the holidays, we are very fond of preparing sauce: we call this dish “helitz” - this corn porridge, gravy is cooked separately for it and cheese is rubbed. Looks like banosh, which is made in Western Ukraine. Delicious cooked lamb.

Y.D.K.: In fact, the peculiarity of our cuisine is that food is cooked on a fire and, of course, has a completely different taste. If there is a house, then a stove was always installed in the yard, and everything was cooked on it. I remember my grandmother and my parents were like that. Even though they lived in good houses, they had something inside the yard where they could cook delicious, healthy food on real wood.

Where I was born, in Bessarabia, we borrowed a lot of dishes from Romanian and Hungarian cuisine.

© Wiki:
"Roma is one of the western branches of the gypsies (in the singular - rum)."
"In studies on the religion of the gypsies, the fact of the spread among them of a religion characteristic of the country of residence (corresponding areas of Christianity or Islam) is most often noted. However, along with the official religion, elements of magical and animistic ideas also remain in the beliefs of the gypsies. There are specific names for god (devel 'devel' from the Indian Deva - deity) and the devil (beng 'bang'), coinciding in different gypsy dialects. There is belief in various spirits of nature. Some researchers have suggested the influence of Zoroastrianism with its dualistic opposition of Ahura-Mazda-Ahriman on the beliefs of the gypsies.
!!! The Hungarian gypsyologist Jozsef Vekerdi declared the strict monotheism of the gypsies, believing that the remnants of Hinduism in their ideas are limited to a couple of words (falsehood). The Soviet ethnographer Lexa Manush believed that in the gypsy vocabulary and beliefs one can find much more signs indicating a connection with Hinduism and especially Shaivism. For example, the word trusul (trusil, truxul, trixul) is used to designate a cross in many gypsy dialects in Europe, which Manush considers to be derived from Shiva's trishula attribute.
And this shows the main, prescribed in the literature, the activity of the Roma - fortune-telling, magic, to which they have innate abilities all Shivay women.


That is why the Inquisition tried to burn the "gypsies" along with the "witches", for which that Inquisition paid with the peoples. For every inquisitor and the whole church + inquisition are cursed with the sacred dying curse of the slain ...
From 2005 to 2015, money was suddenly allocated for socialization with the Roma from the Soros fund and other money ... but things did not work out in real - the Roma did not need those buns! Do not buy roms. That's why governments fear them...

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AND NOW THE TRUTH.
* Roma are the true inhabitants of the Roman Empire (Rome in Italian Rome), who were expelled from the remaining lands of the empire after the flood for NOT SUBMISSION to the newly arrived religion of necrophiles - Christians.
* The Roma who survived after the flood knew and remembered the history, therefore they preferred to become nomadic "camps" - families, and thanks to this they were saved in the flood and after it.
* The Roma, as in the traditions of the Roman Empire, have a strict set of rules, a responsible Baron, they live by the rules all the time and few dare and want to dare to break them.
* Roma were persecuted by Christians and THEREFORE they have a lot of gold on themselves and in accumulation, they are ready to break loose at any moment and will be provided to some extent anywhere. A lot of skirts on every woman is a tradition not out of bad taste or greed - it’s more convenient, it’s convenient for quick collections in case of persecution of the Roma.
* Roma professions are forced to choose those that will give a lot of money and are not tied to the area. THEY HAVE BEEN FORCED TO HAVE THIS LIFESTYLE BY THE CHRISTIANS AND THE INQUISITION.
* Roma keep their traditions and secrets better than "ancient books" in the underground Vatican. For there is no information from them in the public domain about who they are and who their enemies are. That the Christian world is not 2000 years old, but 400 years old, the Roma also know, but they are silent. Looks like an agreement with the Vatican, and which of the "popes" did it - no info.
******
It is also clear that the "popes" seized power for themselves immediately after the flood and the schism natural phenomena The Roman Empire, they turned all the information upside down, hid "extra" evidence in hiding places underground, wrote what was beneficial to themselves, and their system STARTED TO PARASITATE.

The buildings of the Roma Empire were not temples for prayers and priests sitting there ... each building was useful, but Christians could not understand the purpose of houses, columns, ceilings of 15 meters)))) and decided to make them their "temples", which NEVER used more than intended!
Not a single cathedral is open! And the relics brought into them disfigure the energy of everything around them. Because true Roma cannot be believing Christians! They know where the power is and it is not in the breadcrumbs of their people.
The involution of the whole world took place precisely then ... the flood washed away a lot, but only a new one helped such a large-scale degradation of peoples. christian religion. It was easy for her to wedge herself into THAT MOMENT - after the flood, normal people were interested in survival and development, and not in power and religion - they simply did not take corpse-eaters and necromancers seriously. And the necromancers took advantage of the moment... like any parasite, they are ready to breed on a weakened immune system.

***
© Wiki: " Antigypsyism - hostility and / or hatred towards the Roma, their language and culture. This type of xenophobia/racism is traditionally represented most widely in European countries, where gypsies began to arrive from the 13th century.
Ibid: "Currently, the countries of Europe are experiencing a new surge of antigypsyism. In many states of Europe, the gypsies have become the only ethnic group, the number and proportion of which are steadily increasing.
Similar situation observed in Latvia, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria over the past 20 years. Almost the same situation is observed in the Czech Republic and Slovakia ... On last elections in the country, the extremely nationalist Jobbik party, which called for the collection of gypsies in concentration camps, gained 17% of the vote and took 3rd place. After the entry of new countries into the European Union, Eastern European gypsies began to move more actively around Europe. A significant number of gypsies settled in northern France, where many of them set up camps in the hope of moving to the UK.
***********
HERE .. The Pope of Rome carried out a campaign to incite all Euro-peoples to Roma - like they steal Christian children (although many of them regularly give birth to their children at home until now, they are married from 13-15 years old and everything is fine with them with children ) ... fortune-telling witches are not reliable, etc. - anti-advertising and persecution of the Roma for centuries tried to break them, but it turned out to be impossible for Christians.
***
The Roma keep the secrets of their empire, some technology, some rules... a strict hierarchy.
Have you changed your attitude towards Roma yet???))) We have changed stereotypes for interest, we want to know the Roma.
Info came from Spirit today . I convey what has come and do with the info whoever wants! :-)))

In total, there are more than 12 million gypsies in the world. It is practically impossible to count their exact number, since most of them are not registered in the general civil censuses. Most of the gypsies do not want to recognize their real national origin. The reasons for this can be both economic and social.

The Gypsies are a distinct ethnic minority whose main difference lies in their Gypsy blood and the Gypsy language. Until now, scientists around the world are wondering where the gypsies came from on earth.

Gypsy history

Scientists from the University of Rotterdam managed to reveal the secret of the gypsy genealogy. The main part of this people lives in Europe, but most of all the gypsies live in Hungary and Romania. Because gypsies don't have monuments written history, about them historical homeland practically nothing is known at present. The history of the gypsies originates from the northern west of India. migrating to European countries, they mixed marriage bonds with representatives of other peoples. At least, such conclusions were made by scientists who compared the genomes of people belonging to 13 separate gypsy groups living in Europe.

According to the results of a genetic examination, it was found that the birthplace of the gypsies is Rajasthan, Gujarat and Kashmir - states located in the northwestern part of India. At present, peoples such as Pandits and Meghawals live in these regions. Their genomes are very close to the gypsy ones.

Interestingly, the gypsies themselves do not call themselves gypsies. The most common name among them is "Roma". Most likely, this name came from Byzantium.

Gypsy resettlement

The question of who the gypsies are and where they came from can be answered by analyzing several waves of their migration to other parts of the world. The reason why the gypsies began to migrate to other continents, scientists have not yet figured out. Only the following facts are known about the resettlement:

1. The first wave of migration from India was about 1000 years ago.
2. The second - in the XIV century. At this time, for some reason, the gypsies massively left Asia and moved to Europe.
3. The third wave came in the 19th - early 20th centuries. During this period of time, gypsy slavery was abolished in Europe, which probably caused the third wave of resettlement.
4. Some experts argue that today there is a fourth wave of resettlement, the cause of which was the fall of " iron curtain» in the eastern part of Europe.

How do gypsies live?

About how the gypsies live, most modern people knows from known feature film"The Return of Budulay", as well as from other paintings about gypsies. Often these peoples live either in extreme poverty or in truly fabulous luxury.

So, in the Romanian city of Baia Mare, there are almost 1,500 gypsies. To earn a living, they sell scrap metal, which they search for by descending into local abandoned mines. The gypsies of Baia Mare live in the slums. Missing here pure water and electricity.

Looking at the photo of the life of the gypsies of Baia Mare, many will simply be horrified.

In 2011, the decision was taken by the local authorities to relocate the Roma to various buildings, such as no longer used factories or old government offices. These gypsies are considered illegal in Romania.

The life of gypsies in Slovakia is not much different from the life of Romanian gypsies. They live in no less dilapidated dwellings and in the same poverty.

One of the main gypsy customs is the adoption, selection and feeding of homeless orphans.

This is how the Transcarpathian gypsies live:

It is customary for Bulgarian gypsies to organize bride fairs on religious holidays, where poor families get the opportunity to find profitable parties for their children.

However, not all representatives of this nationality live below the poverty line. For example, Romanian gypsies living near Bucharest in the city of Buzescu made their city one of the richest in the world. The wealthy residents of this provincial town, who were previously wandering traders, today live not in wagons, but in luxurious mansions.

There are approximately 800 mansions in Buzescu, each costing between $2 million and $30 million.

Where did the gypsies come from in Russia?

Where did the gypsies come from in Russia? The appearance of the first gypsies on the territory of Russia was observed in the 17th century. At that time they lived on the territory of modern Ukraine. It was previously assumed that these peoples came to Russia and other countries of the world from Egypt, and today scientists have evidence of this.

However, since genetic research showed that the gypsies came from India, this version also considered correct. In gypsy culture Indian tradition can be traced by the ability of these peoples to work with consciousness. Indian meditation and gypsy hypnosis have a lot in common. In addition, the Gypsies and Hindus own the practice of animal training, and the spiritual beliefs of both these peoples (syncretism) are also very similar to each other.

The increase in the gypsy contingent began with the expansion of the territory of Russia. When to Russian state part of Poland was annexed, Polish Roma appeared in the country, when Bessarabia joined, Moldovan gypsies appeared, and with the annexation of Crimea, Crimean gypsies joined the ranks of Russian gypsies. So, the southern gypsies came to Russia from Balkan countries approximately in the 15th century, and the northern ones - from Germany and Poland in the 16th-17th centuries.

Video about where the gypsies came from

Gypsies were traditionally engaged in horse trading, blacksmithing, and tinning. The main occupation of women was divination. The nomadic gypsies, as a rule, hunted by begging.

In the 30s of the 19th century, settled gypsies appeared in Moscow and St. Petersburg, most of whom participated in choral ensembles. At the same time, the government of the country freed many gypsy choirs from serfdom. Popularity gypsy music during these years was extremely high, the music of the gypsies was in vogue, and the gypsies themselves very often became members of noble families. Often famous and famous people married gypsy girls.

Musical culture of the gypsies

Gypsy culture is very rich and diverse. Since these nomadic peoples spread widely around the world, they quite strongly influenced the world musical culture. Especially the songs of the gypsies spread to such countries as:

• Romania.
• Hungary.
• Russia.
• Spain.
• Balkan countries.

The musical culture of the gypsies left a noticeable imprint on classical music these countries and jazz. In addition to music, acting and circus skills are also close to gypsies.

Today most of Gypsies continue to live in poverty, beg and trade in theft and deceit. But many of the representatives of this nationality are literate and educated people However, most of them prefer not to talk about their belonging to the Roma nationality because of the prevailing opinion about them.

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