What does the gypsy word romali mean. Gypsies: who are they and where are they from? The nomadic lifestyle of the gypsies

Lev Davidovich Trotsky is a Russian revolutionary figure of the 20th century, the ideologist of Trotskyism, one of the currents of Marxism. Twice exiled under the monarchical system, deprived of all civil rights in 1905. One of the organizers October revolution 1917, one of the creators of the Red Army. One of the founders and ideologists of the Comintern, a member of its Executive Committee.

Leon Trotsky (real name Leiba Bronstein) was born on November 7, 1879 into a family of wealthy tenant landowners. In 1889, his parents sent him to study in Odessa to cousin, the owner of the printing house and scientific publishing house Moses Schnitzer. Trotsky was the first student in the school. He was fond of drawing, literature, composed poetry, translated Krylov's fables from Russian into Ukrainian language, participated in the publication of the school handwritten magazine.

He began to conduct revolutionary propaganda at the age of 17, joining a revolutionary circle in Nikolaev. On January 28, 1898, he was arrested for the first time and spent two years in prison, it was then that he joined the ideas of Marxism. During the investigation, he studied English, German, French and Italian, read the works of Marx, got acquainted with the works of Lenin.

Leiba Bronstein at the age of nine, Odessa

A year before going to prison for the first time, Trotsky joined the South Russian Workers' Union. One of its leaders was Alexandra Sokolovskaya, who became Trotsky's wife in 1898. Together they went into exile in the Irkutsk province, where Trotsky contacted Iskra agents, and soon began to cooperate with them, receiving the nickname "Pero" for his penchant for writing.

“I came to London as a big provincial, and in every sense. Not only abroad, but also in St. Petersburg, I had never been before. In Moscow, as in Kyiv, he lived only in a transit prison. In 1902, Trotsky decided to escape from exile. It was then, when receiving a fake passport, that he entered the name Trotsky there (the name of the senior warden of the Odessa prison, where the revolutionary was kept for two years).

Trotsky went to London, where Vladimir Lenin was then. The young Marxist quickly gained fame by making presentations at meetings of émigrés. He was extremely eloquent, ambitious and educated, everyone, without exception, considered him an amazing speaker. At the same time, for supporting Lenin, he was nicknamed "Lenin's club", while Trotsky himself was often critical of organizational plans Lenin.

In 1904, serious disagreements began between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. By that time, Trotsky had established himself as a follower of the "permanent revolution", moved away from the Mensheviks and married a second time to Natalia Sedova (the marriage was not registered, but the couple lived together until Trotsky's death). In 1905, together they illegally returned to Russia, where Trotsky became one of the founders of the St. Petersburg Council of Workers' Deputies. On December 3, he was arrested and, as part of a loud litigation was sentenced to eternal exile in Siberia with the deprivation of all civil rights, but fled on the way to Salekhard.

The split between the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks was brewing, supported by Lenin, who in 1912 at the Prague conference of the RSDLP announced the separation of the Bolshevik faction into an independent party. Trotsky continued to advocate unification of the party, organizing the "August Bloc", which the Bolsheviks ignored. This cooled Trotsky's desire for a truce, he preferred to step aside.

In 1917 after February Revolution, Trotsky, along with his family, tried to get into Russia, but was removed from the ship and sent to a concentration camp for interned sailors. The reason for this was the lack of documents from the revolutionary. However, he was soon released at the written request of the Provisional Government as a well-deserved fighter against tsarism. Trotsky criticized the Provisional Government, so he soon became the informal leader of the "mezhraiontsy", for which he was accused of espionage. His influence on the masses was enormous, so he played a special role in the transition to the side of the Bolsheviks of the soldiers of the rapidly decomposing Petrograd garrison, which had great importance in the revolution. In July 1917, the Mezhraiontsy united with the Bolsheviks, and Trotsky was soon released from prison, where he was on charges of espionage.

While Lenin was in Finland, Trotsky actually became the leader of the Bolsheviks. In September 1917, he headed the Petrograd Soviet of Workers and soldiers' deputies, and also became a delegate to the II Congress of Soviets and Constituent Assembly. In October, the VRC (Military Revolutionary Committee) was formed, consisting mainly of Bolsheviks. It was the committee that was engaged in armed preparations for the revolution: already on October 16, the Red Guards received five thousand rifles; rallies were held among the hesitant, at which Trotsky's brilliant oratorical talent was again manifested. In fact, he was one of the main leaders of the October Revolution.

Leon Trotsky, Vladimir Lenin, Lev Kamenev

"Insurrection populace needs no justification. What happened is an uprising, not a conspiracy. We tempered the revolutionary energy of the Petersburg workers and soldiers. We openly forged the will of the masses for an uprising, and not for a conspiracy.”

After the October Revolution, the Military Revolutionary Committee remained the only authority for a long time. Under him, a commission for combating counter-revolution, a commission for combating drunkenness and pogroms were formed, and food supplies were established. At the same time, Leni and Trotsky took a tough stance against political opponents. On December 17, 1917, in his address to the Cadets, Trotsky announces the beginning of the stage of mass terror against the enemies of the revolution in a harsher form: “You should know that no later than in a month the terror will take very strong forms, following the example of the great French revolutionaries. The guillotine will await our enemies, and not just prison. It was then, formulated by Trotsky, that the concept of "red terror" appeared.

Soon Trotsky was appointed People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs in the first composition of the Bolshevik government. On December 5, 1917, the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee was dissolved, Trotsky handed over his affairs to Zinoviev and completely immersed himself in the affairs of the Petrograd Soviet. The "counter-revolutionary sabotage" of the civil servants of the old Ministry of Foreign Affairs began, suppressed by the publication of the secret treaties of the tsarist government. The situation in the country was also complicated by diplomatic isolation, which was not easy for Trotsky to overcome.

To improve the situation, he announced that the government would take an intermediate position "neither peace nor war: we do not sign treaties, we stop the war, and we demobilize the army." Germany refused to tolerate such a position and announced an offensive. By this time, the army did not actually exist. Trotsky admitted the failure of his policy and resigned from the post of People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs.

Leon Trotsky with his wife Natalia Sedova and son Lev Sedov

On March 14, 1918, Trotsky was appointed to the post of people's commissar for military affairs, on March 28 to the post of chairman of the Supreme Military Council, in April - military commissar for maritime affairs, and on September 6 - chairman of the revolutionary military council of the RSFSR. At the same time, the formation of a regular army begins. Trotsky became in fact its first commander in chief. In August 1918, Trotsky's regular trips to the front began. Several times Trotsky, risking his life, speaks even to deserters. But practice has shown that the army is not capable, Trotsky is forced to support its reorganization, gradually restoring unity of command, insignia, mobilization, a single uniform, military greetings and awards.

In 1922, Joseph Stalin was elected General Secretary of the Bolshevik Party, whose views did not coincide with those of Trotsky. Stalin was supported by Zinoviev and Kamenev, who believed that the rise of Trotsky threatened with anti-Semitic attacks on the Soviet regime, condemned him for factionalism.

Lenin dies in 1924. Stalin took advantage of Trotsky's absence from Moscow to nominate himself as "heir" and consolidate his position.

In 1926, Trotsky allied himself with Zinoviev and Kamenev, whom Stalin began to oppose. However, this did not help him, and soon followed by exclusion from the party, deportation to Alma-Ata, and then to Turkey.

Hitler's victory in February 1933 was regarded by Trotsky as the biggest defeat of the international workers' movement. He concluded that the Comintern was rendered incapacitated by Stalin's openly counter-revolutionary policies and called for the creation of the Fourth International.

In 1933, Trotsky was granted a secret asylum in France, which the Nazis soon discovered. Trotsky leaves for Norway, where he writes his most significant work, The Revolution Betrayed. In 1936, at a show trial in Moscow, Stalin called Trotsky an agent of Hitler. Trotsky is expelled from Norway. the only country Mexico became the refuge of the revolutionary: he settled in the house of the artist Diego Rivera, then in a fortified and carefully guarded villa on the outskirts of Mexico City - in the city of Coyocan.

After Stalin's speeches in Mexico, an International Joint Commission to Investigate the Moscow Trials was organized. The commission concluded that the accusations were slanderous and that Trotsky was not guilty.

Soviet secret services kept Trotsky under close surveillance, having agents among his associates. In 1938, under mysterious circumstances in Paris, his closest colleague, the eldest son Lev Sedov, died after an operation in a hospital. His first wife and his younger son Sergei Sedov.

Leon Trotsky was killed with an ice pick in his home near Mexico City on August 24, 1940. The executor was an NKVD agent, the Spanish Republican Ramon Mercader (pictured), who infiltrated Trotsky's entourage under the name of Canadian journalist Frank Jackson.

Mercader received 20 years in prison for the murder. After his release in 1960, he emigrated to the USSR, where he was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union. According to some estimates, the assassination of Trotsky cost the NKVD about five million dollars.

The ice pick that killed Trotsky

From the testament of Leon Trotsky: “There is no need for me to refute the stupid and vile slander of Stalin and his agents here again: there is not a single spot on my revolutionary honor. Neither directly nor indirectly have I entered into any behind-the-scenes agreements or even negotiations with the enemies of the working class. Thousands of Stalin's opponents died victims of similar false accusations.

For forty-three years of my conscious life I remained a revolutionary, of which forty-two I fought under the banner of Marxism. If I had to start over, I would, of course, try to avoid this or that mistake, but general direction my life would remain unchanged. I see a bright green strip of grass under the wall, clean blue sky over the wall and sunlight everywhere. Life is Beautiful. May future generations cleanse it of evil, oppression, violence, and enjoy it fully.

"Gypsies" is a collective term, the same as "Slavs", "Caucasians", "Scandinavians" or "Hispanics". Gypsies include several dozen nationalities.

The gypsies have national anthem, flag and artistic culture, including literature.

Gypsies are conditionally divided into eastern and western.

The word "lave" in Russian jargon is borrowed from the gypsy language, where it has the form "love" (gypsies do not "akay") and the meaning is "money".

An earring in one ear of a gypsy means that he is the only son in the family.

Gypsies as a nation were formed in Persia (eastern branch) and the Roman Empire (aka Romea, aka Byzantium; western branch). In general, usually, when speaking of gypsies, they mean precisely the western gypsies (Roma and Kale groups).

Since the Roma are Caucasians and originated as a nation in a European country, they are Europeans, and not a “mysterious oriental people”, as journalists like to write. Of course, like the Russians and the Spaniards, they have some legacy of the Eastern mentality.

"Eastern" gypsies began to be called gypsies only in the 19th and 20th centuries, when Europeans visiting Asia drew attention to their resemblance to gypsies, as well as some common crafts and traditions. The "Eastern" Gypsies have a culture that differs sharply from the "general Gypsies" (i.e., the culture of the noticeably more numerous and culturally developed "Western" Gypsies), although they both have a common cultural heritage of Indian ancestors. "Eastern" and "Western" gypsies practically do not communicate.

Romani languages ​​are overwhelmingly descendants of Sanskrit. Ethnically, the gypsies are the descendants of the Aryans, with a Dravidian admixture (the Dravidians are indigenous people India, conquered by the Aryans, one of the oldest written cultures, at the time of the conquest was more developed than the culture of the nomadic Aryans).

Contrary to the claims of some people who are far from ethnography and history, no "expulsion of the gypsies" from India and the Roman Empire was ever an event. There were no gypsies in India at all, there were Indians. According to the latest genetic and linguistic studies, the ancestors of the Gypsies, a group of Hindus of the "home" caste of about 1000 people, left India sometime in the 6th century. It is assumed that the Indian ruler presented this group of musicians and jewelers to the Persian, as was the custom of that time. Already in Persia, the size of the group grew greatly, a social division appeared within it (mainly by profession); part of the pratsygans in the 9th-10th centuries began to gradually move westward and finally reached Byzantium and Palestine (two different branches). Part remained in Persia and from there spread to the east. Some of these gypsies, in the end, reached their homeland distant ancestors- India.

The gypsies left Byzantium during the period of its conquest by Muslims, in the hope of getting help from fellow Christians (people and times were naive). The exodus from the Roman Empire lasted for decades. Some of the Gypsies, however, for various reasons, remained in their homeland. Their descendants eventually converted to Islam.

There is a hypothesis that the gypsies received the nickname "Egyptians" back in Byzantium, for their swarthyness and for the fact that the most conspicuous part of the gypsies were engaged, like visiting Egyptians, circus art. Another nickname was also connected with circus art and fortune-telling, from which the word “gypsies” also came: “atsingans”. Initially, this was the name of some sectarians seeking secret knowledge. But over time, apparently, the word has become a household word, ironic for anyone who is engaged in esotericism, magic tricks, divination and divination. The gypsies themselves then called themselves "Roma" and gave themselves the nickname "Kale", that is, dark-haired, swarthy

It is believed that it was the gypsies who widely spread belly dance in Muslim countries. However, there is no proof or refutation of this.

Traditional Gypsy occupations are the arts, trade, horse breeding and handicrafts (from prosaic brick making and basket weaving to romantic jewelry and embroidery).

Soon after coming to Europe, the gypsies became one of the victims of major socio-economic crises and were subjected to severe persecution. This has led to strong marginalization and criminalization of Roma. From the complete annihilation of the gypsies, on the whole, the neutral or friendly attitude of the majority of the common people, who did not want to carry out bloody laws against the gypsies, saved them.

It is said that the famous Papus learned fortune telling from the gypsies.

The Inquisition was never interested in gypsies.

Medicine knows no cases of leprosy among the gypsies. The most common blood types among gypsies are III and I. The percentage of III and IV blood is very high compared to other European nations.

In the Middle Ages, Gypsies, like Jews, were accused of cannibalism.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, with increasing tolerance for them in European society, the criminality of the Gypsies dropped sharply and greatly. In the 19th century, a very rapid process of gypsy integration into society began in Europe.

Gypsies came to Russia more than 300 years ago. Like other now rooted peoples (for example, the Kalmyks), they received imperial permission to live in Russia and engage in traditional crafts (trade, horse breeding, fortune telling, singing and dancing). After some time, these gypsies began to call themselves Russian Roma, until now it is the most numerous of the gypsy nationalities in Russia. By 1917, the Russian Roma were the most integrated and educated Roma in Russia.

IN different time Kalderars (Kotlyars), Lovaris, Serves, Ursaris, Vlachs and other Gypsies also immigrated to Russia.

Almost all the names of Romani nationalities are either the names of key professions or reflect the name of the country they consider to be their home. This says a lot about gypsy priorities.

famous gypsy National Costume was invented in the 19th century. The Kalderars were the first to wear it. The Russian Roma national costume was invented by the artists to create a more exotic stage image. Historically, gypsies have always tended to wear clothing specific to their country of residence.

Gypsies are notorious pacifists. However, at different times they served in the armies and in the armies of Germany, Prussia, Sweden and Russia. In 1812, Russian gypsies voluntarily transferred to the maintenance of the Russian army large sums. Young gypsy guys fought as part of the Russian troops. At the same time, which is funny, many French gypsies fought in Napoleon's army. There is even a description of the meeting during the battle between the Spaniards and the French of two gypsies from different sides. During the Second World War, the Gypsies participated in hostilities as part of regular armies(USSR, France; privates, tankers, military engineers, pilots, medics, artillerymen, etc.), and partisan groups, mixed and purely gypsy (USSR, France, Eastern Europe). Gypsy guerrilla actions against the Nazis are sometimes called "Aryans against the Aryans".

As a result of the systematic targeted extermination of Roma by the Nazis, about 150,000 (for comparison, in the USSR lived from 60,000, according to the census, to 120,000, according to assumptions) died in Europe. The "Gypsy Holocaust" is called Kali Trash (there are also variants of Samudaripan and Paraimos).

Among the prominent Gypsies there are scientists, writers, poets, composers, musicians, singers, dancers, actors, directors, boxers (including champions), football players, historians, politicians, priests, missionaries, artists and sculptors. Some are better known, for example, like Mariska Veres, Ion Voicu, Janos Bihari, Jem Mays, Mateo Maximov, Yul Brynner, Tony Gatlif, Bob Hoskins, Nikolay Slichenko, Django Reinhardt, Bireli Lagren, others less, but also can boast of significant contributions to gypsy culture.

Seeing in an article about Russian gypsies the phrase " nomadic people Without quotes, you can not read it. The author will not write anything really reliable if he does not even know the fact that only 1% of Russian gypsies wander.

According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, despite the fact that in the media, according to the mention in criminal articles, gypsy frauds are in the first place, they are in the last place in the statistics. Ethnographers believe that the situation with gypsy fraud and drug trafficking is similar in Russia.

During Stalin's time, Roma were subjected to targeted repression.

The term "gypsy baron" has been used by gypsies for only the last couple of decades, and by no means by all. This is a borrowing from the media and romantic literature. The term is used specifically to communicate with non-Roma.

There are several notable gypsy theaters in the world: in Russia, Ukraine, Slovakia, Germany, as well as smaller theaters and studios in these and other countries.

One of the most interesting gypsy concepts is the concept of "filth". It is associated with the lower body of a married woman or simply adult woman. It is enough for her to walk over something, as this place becomes "desecrated". Clothes worn below the waist by a woman and shoes are automatically considered "desecrated". Therefore, many gypsies of the world include a large apron in the women's national costume. And for the same reason, in order not to be defiled, gypsies prefer to live in small, one-story houses.

Gypsy short hair is a symbol of dishonor. Hair was cut off by the exiled and isolated. Until now, the gypsies avoid very short haircuts.

Short form of Roman. Roma, Romasya, Romulya, Romanka, Romaha, Romasha, Romanya, Roro, Ro.
Synonyms for Roman. Romanus, Romano, Raman.
Nationality. The name Roman is Russian, Orthodox, Catholic.

Origin and meaning of the name Roman The name Roman comes from Latin word"Romanus", in translation means "Roman", "Roman", "from Rome". The name of the city of Rome was originally given from the names of the brothers Romulus and Remus. The name Roman is a derivative, a variant of the pronunciation of the name Romulus. Paired female name- Romana. Close in meaning will also be another female name - Romina.

Character and destiny. Novels love everything new, but they find it difficult to bring everything to the end. Everything distracts - now illnesses, now new hobbies. Each time he rushes with fervor to the implementation of his idea, but he needs great patience and endurance to achieve a result. But if it succeeds, then the result will be impressive!

The novel is a little reckless, frivolous, he will not look for a way out of difficult situation, but prefers to let everything take its course, give up on what did not work out and take on another matter, not at all regretting the missed opportunities. Roman is an optimist by nature and tries to see the good in everything, he will try to look at any bad event in his life with humor.

The novel will always help to find a way out, as it is not subject to stereotypes of thinking. Roman is a wonderful pioneer, not a single trip can do without him. Even a banal shopping trip can turn into a memorable event. The novel is proud, witty. He will not try to be a leader, achieve records or show his best side.

Roman is a very mobile boy, patience is not his thing, he needs to get everything at once. But main reason in that his thoughts run ahead of his capabilities, he is constantly distracted, quickly switches his attention. Too much strict upbringing and rigid limits will only encourage Roman to inventively lie. Roma good memory, he quickly grasps everything on the fly, he will not have problems with his studies if his parents do not try to make him a diligent student.

The novel has a pronounced ability for art, he likes what was before, but he accepts modern trends with great difficulty. The novel values ​​freedom above all else. He does not like change, but sometimes he is ready to do things that are completely unimaginable for him. For example, just pick up and move to another country, or suddenly change your preferences.

Roman uses his enormous energy in his work. The owner of this name prefers professions related to communication with people. Often men with this name can be found among actors, directors, sales managers, advertising.

Roman never experiences problems with colleagues, difficulties in communication, he makes contact very easily and quickly finds common topics for conversation even in a completely new and unfamiliar company. The owner of this name is a very sociable person. Roma loves to talk very much, so she can accidentally give out someone's secret.

It is quite difficult for Roman to find that one, but having found her, he protects her more than his eyes. After all, it is she who will help Roman to be faithful to the end of his ideas and help bring them to life. Novels are most often monogamous and value family values.

Popularity. The name Roman is quite popular. For more than 15 years, the name Roman has not left the top 30 most popular names in Russia. Behind Last year the level of attention to this name even increased slightly, reaching a maximum in November 2016.

Roman's name day

Roman celebrates name days on January 18, February 11, February 16, March 2, March 29, May 15, June 5, June 13, August 1, August 6, August 11, August 15, August 23, September 24, October 8, October 14 November 13, December 1, December 10.

Notable people named Roman

• Roman Viktyuk (theater director)
• Roman Klein ((1858 - 1924) Russian architect)
• Roman Vreden ((1867 - 1934) the founder of Russian surgical orthopedics)
• Roman Kartsev (variety, theater and film artist)
• Roman Balayan ((born 1941) film director)
• Roman Girshman ((1895 - 1979) French archaeologist)
• Roman Ivanychuk ((born 1929) Ukrainian writer)
• Roman Yakobson ((1896 - 1982) Russian and American linguist, literary critic)
• Roman Polanski (one of the greatest filmmakers of the post-war era)
• Roman Kostomarov (Russian figure skater)

Other

carriers unique culture, Roma cause mixed feelings. Some are intimidating, others are inspiring. There are no indifferent.

Where are you heading from?

Previously, it was mistakenly believed that the Gypsies were Egyptians. Today's genetic research unequivocally prove that the starting point of the migration of the "free people" was India. Indian tradition preserved in the gypsy culture in the form of practices for working with consciousness. The mechanisms of meditation and gypsy hypnosis are in many ways similar, gypsies, like Indians, are good animal trainers. Gypsies are also characterized by the syncretism of spiritual beliefs, which is one of the features of modern Indian culture.

The gypsies had a huge impact on world culture. The Balkan music and Boho style that are trending today are products of the Gypsy influence.

There is no such people as gypsies. This is the collective name for several ethnic groups. The gypsies call themselves Roma (emphasis on the last syllable). Most likely, this is the influence of the life of the gypsies in Byzantium, which began to be called Byzantium only after its fall. Prior to that, it was thought of as part of Roman civilization. The common "Romale" is a vocative case from the ethnonym "Roma".

“Talk at least you with me, seven-string friend”

Roma are unique in their musical culture. They are not only deeply integrated into the music themselves, but also influence the culture of the peoples of the countries in which they find themselves. This influence can be found almost everywhere. Sometimes cultures are so intertwined that we do not always know when we are listening to a romance - to call it Russian or gypsy.

Seven string guitar Is she Russian or gypsy?

It is believed that the seven-string guitar was invented in the 1790s by Andrey Osipovich Sikhra. He made the first sample of the instrument in Vilnius, and later, upon arrival in Moscow, he finalized it. He became real star, they signed up for lessons, he gave concerts and had an undoubted musical gift. His father was also a musician. I will not draw facts and claim that Sircha was a gypsy, but the instrument was developed precisely in the gypsy environment.

Before the 1917 revolution, a seven-string guitar, hallmark which is the system - G major - was very popular instrument. Gypsy romances and Pushkin, and Tolstoy, and Turgenev, and Leskov listened to the accompaniment of a seven-string guitar.

As one of the symbols of the "royal system", the seven-string in the USSR lost its position, and was replaced by six-string guitar with classic Spanish tuning.

However, the gypsies did not leave the seven-string guitar. Furthermore, it was the Russian gypsies who first brought these guitars after the revolution across the ocean - to Brazil. The seven-string guitar still sounds today - not only in the Romen Theater, but also on the pop scene. For example, Madonna had a whole tour, where she was accompanied by Vadim Kolpakov, soloist of the Via Romen ensemble.

Also, Balkan music has gained immense popularity today, the flesh of the flesh is gypsy. Its development, by the way, is facilitated by the magnificent films of Emir Kusturica, who is also a musician, leader of the No smoking Orchestra group.
The seven-string guitar survived in the USSR also thanks to the bard song. Vladimir Vysotsky, Bulat Okudzhava, Yuri Vizbor, Sergei Nikitin - they are all "seven-stringers".

"Gild the pen!"

Gypsy hypnosis is a typical example of Neuro-Linguistic Programming. There is nothing mysterious, let alone frightening, in it. If you are so afraid of gypsy hypnosis, you can even attend hypnosis seminars, where they will tell you everything about the nature of trance and methods for suppressing a person’s will centers by capturing his attention.

Gypsy hypnosis is an incredibly fascinating and voluminous topic, so I will only talk about some of its basic principles and techniques.

The main thing that any hypnotist achieves is to obtain the so-called rapport - a control contact. The technique of gypsy hypnosis is based on the control of consciousness through attention, so the first thing a hypnotist does is try to switch your external attention to internal.

Psychologist Sergei Zelinsky, in his work on gypsy hypnosis, emphasizes: " Gypsies are well aware of the phenomenology of deep trances, so if they notice a sign of a phenomenon, they immediately contribute to its development, thereby plunging the client into an even deeper state of trance.".

Anyhow, to whom the gypsies will not approach. They possess well developed intuition and easily stand out from the crowd of people with high level hypnotizability - that is, a predisposition to suggestion. Traditionally, hypnosis takes place in crowded places. This is again part of the ritual - the attention of a person in a crowd is absent-minded. Traditionally, these are markets and shops, that is, places where a person obviously comes with money, as well as in a state of psychological imbalance (shopaholism is one of the signs of hypnosis).

The art of gypsy hypnosis has been passed down from generation to generation. It is taught both verbally and empirically. Each gypsy hypnotist is an excellent psychologist who, through long practice, has developed tactile, visual, auditory, even olfactory perception. Any human movements, even micromovements, such as blinking or the work of facial muscles, speak of something. And the gypsies know what.

Divination and cards

In the Middle Ages, gypsies in Europe were considered Egyptians. The word Gitanes itself is derived from the Egyptian. There were two Egyptians in the Middle Ages - upper and lower. The gypsies were so nicknamed, obviously, by the name of the upper one, which was located in the Peloponnese region, from where they migrated, but belonging to the cults of lower Egypt is visible even in the life of modern gypsies.

Tarot cards, which are considered the last surviving fragment of the cult of the Egyptian god Thoth, were brought to Europe by the gypsies. They were not in vain called "Pharaoh's tribe." It was also striking for the Europeans that the gypsies embalmed their dead and buried them in crypts, where they laid everything necessary for life after death. These funeral traditions are alive with the gypsies today.

Passed down from generation to generation and the skill of prediction on the cards. Both tarot and regular. Not every gypsy can guess. In large gypsy families, in camps, no more than 5% of girls choose to study. This art cannot be mass, its secrets are kept, and a good fortune-teller in the gypsy community is worth its weight in gold.

You should not romanticize fortune-tellers, and even more so envy their gift. Taking on this role requires a gypsy to clearly understand the enormous burden that she places on herself. In the Middle Ages, gypsies were not particularly ceremonial, while fortunetellers were recognized as witches and burned at the stake. The modern Christian church has a sharply negative attitude towards gypsy fortune-telling rituals.

According to gypsy concepts, a woman should not be above a man. The Roma have the concept of “badness” associated with the lower body of a married or just an adult woman. The place she passed over becomes "desecrated". Clothing worn below the waist by a woman and shoes are also considered "desecrated". Therefore, many gypsies of the world include a large apron in the women's national costume, and gypsies prefer to live in one-story houses.

That image gypsy baron, which we know from films and TV shows, is rather a negotiator, a person representing the camp with a “face”. Usually this is a richly dressed, stately, adult, bearded, imposing man with good communication skills. His task is purely representative, a real baron prefers not to stand out, although it is on him that all the threads of tabor life converge.

© Wiki:
"Roma is one of the western branches of the gypsies (in the singular - rum)."
"In studies on the religion of the gypsies, the fact of the spread among them of a religion characteristic of the country of residence (corresponding areas of Christianity or Islam) is most often noted. However, along with the official religion, elements of magical and animistic ideas also remain in the beliefs of the gypsies. There are specific names for god (devel 'devel' from the Indian Deva - deity) and the devil (beng 'bang'), coinciding in different gypsy dialects. There is belief in various spirits of nature. Some researchers have suggested the influence of Zoroastrianism with its dualistic opposition of Ahura-Mazda-Ahriman on the beliefs of the gypsies.
!!! The Hungarian gypsyologist Jozsef Vekerdi declared the strict monotheism of the gypsies, believing that the remnants of Hinduism in their ideas are limited to a couple of words (falsehood). The Soviet ethnographer Lexa Manush believed that in the gypsy vocabulary and beliefs one can find much more signs indicating a connection with Hinduism and especially Shaivism. For example, the word trusul (trusil, truxul, trixul) is used to designate a cross in many gypsy dialects in Europe, which Manush considers to be derived from Shiva's trishula attribute.
And this shows the main, prescribed in the literature, the activity of the Roma - fortune-telling, magic, to which they have innate abilities all Shivay women.


That is why the Inquisition tried to burn the "gypsies" along with the "witches", for which that Inquisition paid with the peoples. For every inquisitor and the whole church + inquisition are cursed with the sacred dying curse of the slain ...
From 2005 to 2015, money was suddenly allocated for socialization with the Roma from the Soros fund and other money ... but things did not work out in real - the Roma did not need those buns! Do not buy roms. That's why governments fear them...

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AND NOW THE TRUTH.
* Roma are the true inhabitants of the Roman Empire (Rome in Italian Rome), who were expelled from the remaining lands of the empire after the flood for NOT SUBMISSION to the newly arrived religion of necrophiles - Christians.
* The Roma who survived after the flood knew and remembered the history, therefore they preferred to become nomadic "camps" - families, and thanks to this they were saved in the flood and after it.
* The Roma, as in the traditions of the Roman Empire, have a strict set of rules, a responsible Baron, they live by the rules all the time and few dare and want to dare to break them.
* Roma were persecuted by Christians and THEREFORE they have a lot of gold on themselves and in accumulation, they are ready to break loose at any moment and will be provided to some extent anywhere. A lot of skirts on every woman is a tradition not out of bad taste or greed - it’s more convenient, it’s convenient for quick collections in case of persecution of the Roma.
* Roma professions are forced to choose those that will give a lot of money and are not tied to the area. THEY HAVE BEEN FORCED TO HAVE THIS LIFESTYLE BY THE CHRISTIANS AND THE INQUISITION.
* Roma keep their traditions and secrets better than "ancient books" in the underground Vatican. For there is no information from them in the public domain about who they are and who their enemies are. That the Christian world is not 2000 years old, but 400 years old, the Roma also know, but they are silent. Looks like an agreement with the Vatican, and which of the "popes" did it - no info.
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It is also clear that the "popes" seized power for themselves immediately after the flood and the schism natural phenomena The Roman Empire, they turned all the information upside down, hid "extra" evidence in hiding places underground, wrote what was beneficial to themselves, and their system STARTED TO PARASITATE.

The buildings of the Roma Empire were not temples for prayers and priests sitting there ... each building was useful, but Christians could not understand the purpose of houses, columns, ceilings of 15 meters)))) and decided to make them their "temples", which NEVER used more than intended!
Not a single cathedral is open! And the relics brought into them disfigure the energy of everything around them. Because true Roma cannot be believing Christians! They know where the power is and it is not in the breadcrumbs of their people.
The involution of the whole world took place precisely then ... the flood washed away a lot, but only a new one helped such a large-scale degradation of peoples. christian religion. It was easy for her to wedge herself into THAT MOMENT - after the flood, normal people were interested in survival and development, and not in power and religion - they simply did not take corpse-eaters and necromancers seriously. And the necromancers took advantage of the moment... like any parasite, they are ready to breed on a weakened immune system.

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© Wiki: " Antigypsyism - hostility and / or hatred towards the Roma, their language and culture. This type of xenophobia/racism is traditionally represented most widely in European countries, where gypsies began to arrive from the 13th century.
Ibid: "Currently, the countries of Europe are experiencing a new surge of antigypsyism. In many states of Europe, the gypsies have become the only ethnic group, the number and proportion of which are steadily increasing.
Similar situation observed in Latvia, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria over the past 20 years. Almost the same situation is observed in the Czech Republic and Slovakia ... On last elections in the country, the extremely nationalist Jobbik party, which called for the collection of gypsies in concentration camps, gained 17% of the vote and took 3rd place. After the entry of new countries into the European Union, Eastern European gypsies began to move more actively around Europe. A significant number of gypsies settled in northern France, where many of them set up camps in the hope of moving to the UK.
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HERE .. The Pope of Rome carried out a campaign to incite all Euro-peoples to Roma - like they steal Christian children (although many of them regularly give birth to their children at home until now, they are married from 13-15 years old and everything is fine with them with children ) ... fortune-telling witches are not reliable, etc. - anti-advertising and persecution of the Roma for centuries tried to break them, but it turned out to be impossible for Christians.
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The Roma keep the secrets of their empire, some technology, some rules... a strict hierarchy.
Have you changed your attitude towards Roma yet???))) We have changed stereotypes for interest, we want to know the Roma.
Info came from Spirit today . I convey what has come and do with the info whoever wants! :-)))