Another Rigveda. Rigveda - a book of great secrets and high poetry
Rigveda
MANDALA I
I, 1. To Agni
1 Agni I call - at the head of the set
God of sacrifice (and) priest,
Hotara of the richest treasure.
2 Agni is worthy of the Rishi's invocations -
Both past and present:
May he bring the gods here!
3 Agni, through (him) may he attain wealth
And prosperity - from day to day -
Shining, manly!
4 O Agni, sacrifice (and) rite,
that you embrace from all sides,
They are the ones who go to the gods.
5 Agni-hotar with the foresight of a poet,
True, with the brightest glory, -
God be with the gods!
6 When you really desire,
O Agni, do good to the one who respects (you),
Then it is true with you, O Angiras.
7 To you, O Agni, from day to day,
O lighter of darkness, we come
With prayer, bringing worship -
8 To the one who reigns at the rites,
To the shepherd of the law, shining,
To him who grows in his house.
9 Like a father to a son,
O Agni, be available to us!
Follow us for good!
I, 2. To Vayu, Indra-Vai, Mitra-Varuna
Size - gayatri. This hymn, along with the following, is part of the ritual of inviting the gods to the morning soma sacrifice. The hymn is divided into three three lines, each of which is dedicated to a single or paired deity. Every verse, except the last two, begins with the name of a deity, and the text contains sound allusions to them.
1a O Vayu, come vayav a yahi…Sound, the purpose of which is to repeat the name of the deity
4c…drops (soma) indavo…- A sound allusion to the name of Indra.
7b…caring about someone else's ricadasam…- compound word unclear morphological composition
8 ... Multiplying the truth - Truth rta ... - Or the universal law, cosmic order
9 Mitra-Varuna… with a vast dwelling… - I.e. whose dwelling is the sky
1 O Vayu, come, pleasing to the eye,
These catfish juices are cooked.
Drink them, hear the call!
2 O Vayu, praised in songs of praise
You singers
With the catfish squeezed out, knowing the (destined) hour.
Goes to the worshiper (of you) to drink soma.
4 O Indra-Vayu, here are the squeezed juices (somas).
Come with joyful feelings:
After all, drops (soma) tend to you!
5 Oh Vayu and Indra, you understand
In the squeezed (soma juices), O rich in reward.
Come quickly, both of you!
6 O Vayu and Indra, to the squeezer (soma)
Come to a conditional place -
In an instant, with genuine desire, O two husbands!
7 I call Mithra, who has the pure power of action
And Varun, who cares about someone else's (?), -
(Both of them) assisting the greased prayer.
8 Truth, O Mitra-Varuna,
Multiplying the truth, cherishing the truth,
you have reached high strength spirit.
9 A pair of seers Mitra-Varuna,
A strong family, with an extensive dwelling
(They) give us the skillful power of action.
I, 3. To Ashwins, Indra, All-Gods, Saraswati
Size - Gayatri. The hymn is divided into three lines
3b Nasatyas is another name for the divine Ashvins. Here the idea of an exchange of gods and adepts is expressed: in exchange for the sacrificial gifts of adepts, the gods sacrifice to them various benefits requested from them
8a…crossing the waters apturah - i.e. who came from afar, through all obstacles, to sacrifice
8c…to the svasarani pastures
9c Let the drivers enjoy themselves - The gods are often called drivers either because they come to sacrifice, or because they generally ride chariots. Especially often this epithet defines the Ashvins and Maruts (who often identify All-Gods)
10-12 Saraswati - Sung here as the goddess of sacred speech, prayer that brings reward (10-11) and as a river goddess (12)
1 O Ashvins, rejoice
sacrificial libations,
O quick-handed lords of beauty, joyful ones!
2 O Ashwins, rich in miracles,
O two husbands, with great understanding
3 Oh wonderful ones, squeezed out for you (soma juices)
From the one who laid out the sacrificial straw, O Nasatya.
Come, both of you, on the shining path!
4 O Indra, come bright shining one!
These squeezed (soma juices) are striving for you,
Peeled in one step with thin (fingers).
5 O Indra, come, encouraged by (our) thought,
Excited by inspired (poets) to prayers
Organizer of the sacrifice, squeezing out (soma)!
6 O Indra, come quickly
To prayers, O master of the buckskin horses!
Approve our squeezed (soma)!
7 Helpers guarding the people,
O All-Gods, come
Merciful to the squeezed (soma) of the donor!
8 O All-Gods crossing the waters,
Come, quick ones, to the squeezed out (soma),
Like cows - to pastures!
9 All-Gods, blameless,
Desirable, benevolent,
Let the drivers enjoy the sacrificial drink!
10 Pure Saraswati,
award-winning,
May he desire our sacrifice, who earns wealth by thought!
11 Inciting to rich gifts,
tuned to beneficence,
Saraswati accepted the sacrifice.
12 The Great Stream Illuminates
Saraswati with (his) banner.
She rules over all prayers.
I, 4. To Indra
1 Every day we call for help
Taking on a beautiful form,
Like a well milked cow - for milking.
2 Come to our push-ups (catfish)!
Drink soma, O drinker of soma!
After all, the intoxication of the rich promises the gift of cows.
3 Then we want to be honored
Your highest favors.
Don't overlook us! Come!
4 Go ask the wise man
About swift, irresistible Indra,
Who is your best friend.
5 And let our blasphemers say:
And you lost something else
Showing respect only to Indra.
6 (And) a stranger, and (our) people, O wonderful,
Let us be called happy:
Only with Indra we would like to be protected!
7 Give this fast (soma) to fast Indra,
(Him) decorating the sacrifice, intoxicating the husbands,
Flying (to a friend), pleasing friend!
8 Having drunk it, O mighty one,
You have become a killer of enemies.
Only you helped (in battles) for rewards rushing to the reward.
9 You, eager for reward (in battles) for rewards
We are pushing for a reward, o hundred-strong one,
For the capture of riches, O Indra.
10 Who is the great stream of wealth,
(Who) is a friend who ferries the squeezer (soma) to the other side.
To this Indra sing (glory)!
I, 5. To Indra
1 Come now! Sit down!
sing Indra,
Praising friends!
2 The first of many
Lord of the most worthy blessings,
Indra - with the catfish squeezed out!
3 Yes, he will change us on the campaign,
In wealth, in abundance!
May he come to us with awards!
4 Whose pair of buckskin horses cannot be held
Enemies upon collision in battles.
Sing (glory) to this Indra!
5 To the drinker of catfish these squeezed
pure and mixed with sour milk catfish juices
Flow, inviting (to drink them).
6 You were born, grew up at once,
For drinking squeezed (soma),
O Indra, for excellence, O auspicious one.
7 Let the fast ones join you
Soma juices, O Indra, thirsty for chanting!
May they be for the good of you, wise one!
8 Praises have strengthened you,
Songs of praise for you, O strong one!
May our praises strengthen you!
9 May Indra receive, whose help does not dry out,
This award of a thousand
(He,) in whom are all the forces of courage!
10 Let no mortals harm
Our bodies, O Indra, thirsty for chanting!
Turn away the deadly weapon, O (you), in whose (is) power!
I, 6. To Indra
Size - gayatri.
The anthem is dark and obscure. It contains reminiscences of the myth of Vala (vala - a cave in the rock, nom. pr. of the demon personifying it). The content of this myth is as follows. The cash cows were hidden by the demons of Pani in the rock of Vala. Indra with allies: the god of prayer Brihaspati, a crowd of divine singers Angiras and the god of fire Agni - went in search of cows. Finding them, Indra broke through the rock and released the cows (according to other versions of the myth, Vala broke the rock with his roar of Brihaspati and Angirasa with his singing). By cash cows, a number of commentators understand plentiful sacrificial libations, and then the hymn is interpreted as directed against non-Aryan tribes dasa / dasyu, who do not sacrifice to the Aryan gods. A cosmogonic interpretation of this myth is also possible, since having broken the rock, Indra (or his allies) found the light, the dawn, dispelled the darkness, let the water flow, i.e. established order in the universe.
1 They harness a yellowish (?), fiery,
Roaming around the still.
Lights shine in the sky.
2 They harness a couple of his favorites
Brown horses on both sides of the chariot (?),
Fiery red, fearless, carrying men.
3 Creating light for the lightless,
Form, O people, for the formless,
Together with the dawns you were born.
4 Then they arranged that by their own will
He began to be born again (and again),
And they made a name for themselves worthy of sacrifice.
5 With charioteers who break through even strongholds,
(Skt. ऋग्वेद, ṛgveda IAST, "veda of hymns") - a collection of predominantly religious hymns, the first known monument of Vedic literature. Written in Sanskrit. The Rigveda is included in number four Vedic texts known as the Vedas. The Rigveda is one of the oldest Vedic texts and one of the oldest religious texts in the world. The most ancient mandalas of the Rig Veda are II-VII. For centuries, it was preserved only in oral tradition and was first written down, probably only in early Middle Ages. "Rigveda" is the most ancient and significant of the Vedas, a valuable source for studying the ancient Vedic heritage and mythology. In 2007, UNESCO included the Rig Veda in the Memory of the World register.
The Samhita of the Rigveda is considered to be the oldest surviving Vedic text. The Rigveda consists of 1,028 Vedic Sanskrit hymns and 10,600 texts, which are divided into ten books called mandalas. The hymns are dedicated to the Rigvedic gods.
Scholars believe that the books of the Rigveda were compiled by poets from various groups of priests over a period of five hundred years. According to Max Müller, based on philological and linguistic features, the Rigveda was compiled in the period from the 18th to the 12th century BC. in the Punjab region. Other researchers give somewhat later or more early dates, and some believe that the period of compiling the Rigveda was not so long and took about one century between 1450-1350 BC.
There is a strong linguistic and cultural similarity between the Rig Veda and the early Iranian Avesta. This kinship is rooted in Proto-Indo-Iranian times and is associated with the Andronovo culture. The most ancient horse-drawn chariots were found in the Andronovo excavations in the Sintashta-Petrovka region in the Ural Mountains and are approximately dated to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC.
Each mandala is composed of hymns called sukta (sūkta IAST), which in turn are composed of individual verses called "rich" (ṛc IAST), plural- "richas" (ṛcas IAST). The mandalas are not equal in length or age. "Family (family) books", mandalas 2-7, are considered the oldest part and include the most short books, sorted by length, making up 38% of the text. Mandala 8 and Mandala 9 likely include hymns different ages, accounting for 15% and 9% of the text, respectively. Mandala 1 and Mandala 10 are the youngest and longest books, accounting for 37% of the text.
The main gods of the Rig Veda are Agni (the sacrificial flame), Indra (the heroic god praised for killing his enemy Vritra) and Soma (the sacred drink or plant from which it is made). Other prominent gods are Mitra, Varuna, Ushas (dawn) and Ashvins. Savitar, Vishnu, Rudra, Pushan, Brihaspati, Brahmanaspati, Dyaus (sky), Prithivi (earth), Surya (sun), Vayu (wind), Apas (water), Parjanya (rain), Vach (word), Maruts are also invoked. , Adityas, Ribhu, All-gods, many rivers (especially the Sapta Sindhu (seven streams) and the Saraswati River), as well as various lesser gods, persons, concepts, phenomena and objects. The Rigveda also contains fragmentary references to possible historical events, especially the struggle between the Vedic Aryans and their enemies, the Dasas.
"Rigveda" in 1989-1999 was completely translated into Russian by T.Ya. Elizarenkova. The translation takes into account the work on the text of European predecessors, being an unconditional most valuable contribution to domestic Indology, linguistics and philology.
Mandala 1 consists of 191 hymns. Hymn 1.1 is addressed to Agni and his name is the first word of the Rigveda. The rest of the hymns are mainly addressed to Agni and Indra. Hymns 1.154 - 1.156 are addressed to Vishnu.
Mandala 2 consists of 43 hymns dedicated mainly to Agni and Indra. It is usually attributed to the Rishis Gritsamada Shaunohotra (gṛtsamda śaunohotra IAST).
Mandala 3 consists of 62 hymns addressed mainly to Agni and Indra. Verse 3.62.10 is of great importance in Vedism and is known as the Gayatri Mantra. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to Vishwamitra Gathina (viśvāmitra gāthinaḥ IAST).
Mandala 4 consists of 58 hymns, addressed mainly to Agni and Indra. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to Vamadeva Gautama (vāmadeva gautama IAST).
Mandala 5 consists of 87 hymns, addressed mainly to Agni and Indra, the Vishvedevs, the Maruts, the dual deity Mitra-Varuna and the Ashvins. Two hymns are dedicated to Ushas (dawn) and Savitar. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to the Atri family (atri IAST).
Mandala 6 consists of 75 hymns, addressed mainly to Agni and Indra. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to the barhaspatya (bārhaspatya IAST) family of the Angiras.
Mandala 7 consists of 104 hymns addressed to Agni, Indra, Vishvadevs, Maruts, Mitra-Varuna, Ashvins, Ushas, Varuna, Vayu (wind), two - Saraswati and Vishnu, as well as other deities. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to Vasistha Maitravaurni (vasiṣṭha maitravaurṇi IAST). It is in it that the “Mahamrityumjaya-mantra” is first encountered (Hymn “To the Maruts”, 59.12).
Mandala 8 consists of 103 hymns addressed to various gods. Hymns 8.49 - 8.59 - Valakhilya Apocrypha (vālakhilya IAST). Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to the Kanva family (kāṇva IAST).
Mandala 9 consists of 114 hymns, addressed to Soma Pavamana, the plant from which the sacred drink of the Vedic religion was made.
Mandala 10 consists of 191 hymns addressed to Agni and other gods. It contains the Nadistuti-sukta, a prayer to the rivers, important for the reconstruction of geography. Vedic civilization, and Purusha-sukta having great importance in tradition. It also contains the Nasadiya Sukta (10.129), perhaps the most famous hymn in the West about Creation.
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Mandala 1 + Mandala 2 + Mandala 3 + Mandala 4
MANDALA 1
1.,1.. "To Agni" 1. I call on Agni - at the head of the appointed God of the sacrifice (and) the priest, Hotar of the richest treasure. 2. Agni is worthy of the rishi's invocations Both past and present: May he bring the gods here! 3. Agni, through (him) let him achieve wealth And prosperity - from day to day Shining, most manly! 4. O Agni, sacrifice (and) rite, Which you cover from all sides, It is they who go to the gods. 5. Agni-hotar with the foresight of a poet, True, with the brightest glory, God with the gods come! 6. When you really desire, O Agni, to do good to the one who honors (you), Then this is true with you, O Angiras. 7. To you, O Agni, from day to day, O illuminating darkness, we come With prayer, carrying worship 8. To the one who reigns at the rites, To the shepherd of the law, sparkling, To growing in his house. 9. Like a father to a son, O Agni, be available to us! Follow us for good! 1., 2. "To Vayu, Indra-Vai, Mitra-Varuna" 1. O Vayu, come, pleasing to the eye, These soma juices are prepared. Drink them, hear the call! 2. O Vayu, the singers praise You in songs of praise, With the soma squeezed out, knowing the hour. 3. O Vayu, your (all?) filling Voice, extending far, Goes to the worshiper (you) to drink soma. 4. O Indra-Vayu, here are the squeezed juices (somas). Come with joyful feelings: After all, drops (soma) are striving for you! 5. O Vayu and Indra, you are versed in the squeezed (juices of soma), O rich in reward. Come quickly, both of you! 6. O Vayu and Indra, to the squeezer (soma) Come to the designated place In an instant, with genuine desire, O two husbands! 7. I invoke Mitra, who has the pure power of action And Varuna, who takes care of someone else's (?), (both of them), helping prayer, smeared with fat. 8. By the truth, O Mitra-Varuna, Multiplying the truth, cherishing the truth, you have reached a high fortitude. 9. A pair of seers of Mitra-Varuna, a strong family, with a vast dwelling (They) give us a skillful power of action. 1., 3.. "To the Ashvins, Indra, All-Gods, Saraswati" 1. O Ashvins, rejoice at the sacrificial libations, O quick-handed lords of beauty, many-joyful! 2. O Ashvins, rich in miracles, O two men, with great understanding Accept favorably (our) voices, O reverent ones! 3. O miraculous ones, (soma juices) are squeezed out for you From the one who laid out the sacrificial straw, O Nasatya. Come, both of you, on the shining path! 4. O Indra, come shining bright! These squeezed (soma juices) tend to you, Purified in one go with thin (fingers). 5. O Indra, come, encouraged by (our) thought, Excited by inspired (poets), to the prayers of the Organizer of the sacrifice, who has squeezed out (soma)! 6. O Indra, come, hastening to prayers, O owner of the buckskin horses! Approve our squeezed (soma) 1. 7. Assistants protecting people, O All-Gods, come Merciful to the squeezed out (soma) of the donor! 8. O All-Gods, crossing the waters, Come quick, to the squeezed out (catfish), Like cows to pastures! 9. All-Gods, blameless, Desired, supportive, Let the drivers enjoy the sacrificial drink! 10. Pure Saraswati, Rewarding with rewards, May she desire our sacrifice, who earns wealth with her thought! 11. Inciting to rich gifts, Attuned to beneficence, Saraswati accepted the sacrifice. 12. A great stream illuminates Saraswati with (its) banner. She rules over all prayers. 1.,4.. "To Indra) 1. Every day we call for help Who has taken on a beautiful appearance, Like a well-milked cow - for milking. promises the gift of cows. 3. Then we want to be honored with Your highest favors. Do not miss us! Come! 4. Go ask the wise man About the swift, irresistible Indra, Who is your best friend. 5. And let our detractors say: "And the other 6. (And) a stranger, and (our) people, oh amazing, Let us be called happy: Only with Indra we would like to be protected! 7. Give this quick (soma) swift Indra, (His) adorning sacrifice, intoxicating husbands, Flying (to a friend), pleasing friend! 10. Who is the great stream of wealth, (Who) is the friend who ferries the squeezer (soma) to the other side, To this Indra sing ( glory)! 1.,5.. "To Indra" 1. Come! Sit down! Sing to Indra, praise-giving friends! 2. The first of many, the Lord of the most worthy blessings, Indra - with the soma squeezed out! 3. Yes, he will change us on the campaign, In wealth, in abundance! May he come to us with awards! 4. Whose pair of buckskin horses the Enemies cannot hold when they clash in battles, sing (glory) to this Indra! 5. To the drinker of catfish, these pure and mixed with sour milk juices of catfish Flow, inviting (to drink them). 6. You were born, having grown up at once, For drinking squeezed out (soma), O Indra, for excellence, O auspicious. 7. May the quick Soma Juices flow into you, O Indra, thirsty for chanting! May they be for the good of you, wise one! 8. You were strengthened by glorifications, You - laudatory songs, O worthy one! May our praises strengthen you! 9. May Indra, whose help does not dry out, receive This reward in the number of a thousand, (He,) in which all the forces of courage! .0 May mortals do no harm to Our bodies, O Indra, thirsty for chanting! Turn away the deadly weapon, O (you), in whose (is) power! 1., 6.. "To Indra" 1. They harness the yellowish (?), flaming, Wandering around the motionless. Lights shine in the sky. 2. They harness a pair of his favorite Bulany horses on both sides of the chariot (?), Fiery red, fearless, carrying men. 3. Creating light for the lightless, Form, O people, for the formless, Together with the dawns you were born. 4. Then they arranged that by their own will He began to be born again (and again), And made for themselves a name worthy of sacrifice. 5. With drivers breaking through even strongholds, O Indra, you found the cows, Even (when they were hidden) in a hiding place. 6. As aspiring to God (offer) a prayer, the Chantings extolled the Seeker of wealth, great, famous. 7. Oh if you appeared together with Indra, Moving along with the fearless, (You both) joyful, with equal brilliance. 8. With impeccable, celestial crowds (singers) Desirable for Indra, the Generous one sings loudly ( song of victory). 9. Come from there, O wandering around, Or from the bright expanse of the sky! To him rushed together (all) voices. O We pray to Indra for prey, whether from here or from the sky, from the earth (whether space) or from the great (air). 1., 7.. "To Indra" 1. After all, this is Indra loudly - singers, Indra - with praises of praise, Indra called voices. 2. This Indra is associated with a pair of buckskin horses. (Let) with (dress up his horses), harnessed by the word, Indra the Thunderer, golden! 3. Indra raised the sun to the sky, so that one could see (him) for a long time. He split the rock with the cows (in it).
4. O Indra, help us in competitions for a reward, And (where) where the prey is a thousand, Strong, with strong reinforcements! 5. We invoke Indra in great battle , Indra - in small As an ally in beating enemies, (as) a thunderer. 6. O bull, that pot of food, O (you) giving in full, open for us, (You) unopposed! 7. In what impulses (surge) high Praises to Indra the Thunderer - I have no shortage of praising him! 8. Like a mighty bull - herds, He drives the people with force, Domineering, not meeting resistance. 9. Who alone over people, Reigns over riches, Indra - over five settlements (tribes), 10. (This) Indra for you we call From everywhere around, (away) from all tribes Let it be only ours! 1.,8.. "To Indra" 1. O Indra, grant (us) in support Wealth, bringing prey, victorious, Always winning, supreme, 2. With the help of which, with your support, We could repel enemies In fistfight (i) on a horse. 3. O Indra, with your support, let us take clubs like (you are) a vajra, (And) defeat all rivals in the fight! 4. We are with the brave arrows, O Indra, with you - an ally, we want to overcome the warring (with us)! 5. Great is Indra. And even greater Greatness be the (destiny) of the thunderer! Like the sky wide, the strength (of him)! 6. (Those) men who obtained (reward) in a fight Or upon reaching offspring, Or endowed with the power of vision, inspired ... 7. (That) belly that drinks soma most of all, Swells like an ocean, (Ta) the pharynx is like wide waters. . . 8. Indeed, his mercy is Great (and) plentiful (and) brings cows, (She) is like a ripe branch for the one who honors (him). 9. Verily, your Supports are strong, O Indra, for such as I; They are immediately (available) for the worshiper (you 10. Truly, he desires Glorification and laudatory song, Which must be performed so that Indra drinks soma. 1.,9.. "To Indra" 1. O Indra, come! days of soma offering, O Great One, who excels (all) in strength! 4. Released, O Indra, songs of praise to you, They rushed to meet you, Insatiable - to the bull-husband. 6. (And) drive us here well, To wealth, O Indra, impatient, O you sparkling with power, (us) worthy of honor. 7. Create for us, O Indra, the glory of (many) cows (And) awards 8. Raise high glory to us, Shine that obtains thousands, O Indra, chariots full of those reinforcements! 9. Singing songs of praise worthy of hymns, the Lord of blessings Indra, who comes to the call to help. . . 10. Rejoicing at every squeezing of the soma by Indra high, noble man He lifts up a loud song. 1.,10.. "To Indra" 1. The chanters sing of you, The praisers praise you with praise. The Brahmins lifted you, o mighty one, like a beam (under the roof). 2. When he climbed from peak to peak (And) saw how much to do, Then Indra notices (his) goal. Like a ram (leader), he sets in motion along with the herd. 3. Harness a pair of lush-maned buckskins, Stallions with a tight girth, And come to us, O Soma-drinking Indra, To hear our laudatory song. 4. Come to praise, pick up the song, Glorify, roar, And together with us, O Vasu, Strengthen, O Indra, prayer and sacrifice! 5. It is necessary to perform a song of praise for Indra As a reinforcement for the many-merciful One, So that the mighty one enjoys the Squeezed (soma) and our company. 6. Only to him we turn for friendship, To him - for wealth, to him - for heroic strength And he, mighty, should try for us, Indra, endowing with good. 7. (Cow pen,) easy to open, easy to empty, O Indra, (this is) a distinction given only by you! Open the cow pen! Do a good deed, O owner of the crushing stones! 8. After all, even both worlds will not cope with you, the Raging One. conquer heavenly waters! (Wind) blow us cows! 9. O sensitive, hear the call! Listen to my chants! O Indra, this is my praise Make closer to yourself than to a comrade! .0 After all, we know you as the most ardent bull, Hearing the call in the competition. We invoke the thousands-bringing Support of the most ardent bull. And Drink, Indra, dear kind of Kushik, Rejoicing, our squeezed (soma)! Extend (us) more new term life! Make the rishis conquer thousands! 12. May these chants embrace you from all sides, O thirsty for chanting! May they be (to him), strong with vitality, as reinforcements! Let them rejoice! 1., II. "To Indra" 1. All songs of praise strengthened Indra, containing the (whole) sea, the Best of the drivers, the Lord of rewards, the lord of (all) things. 2. In friendship with you, O Indra, the rewarder, We, O lord of strength, (have nothing) to fear. We rejoice to meet you, the Victor, the undefeated. 3. Indra has many gifts, (his) mercy does not dry out, If from the reward (herd) of cows, He gives the singers a generous gift. 4. Breaking through fortresses, young poet, He was born with exorbitant strength, Indra, supporting any (our) cause, The much-glorified thunderer. 5. You opened the cave at Vala, the owner of cows, O thrower of stones. You were supported by the gods, (by You) fearless inspired. 6. With your gifts, O hero, I returned (home), announcing (them) to the river. They were there, oh thirsty for praise, The singers know this about you. 7. With magical charms, O Indra, you cast down the magical Shushna. The wise know this about you. Raise their glory! 8. Praises invoked Indra, the Ruler by (his) strength, (Indra), whose gifts are a thousand Or even more.
Rig Veda(veda of hymns) - a collection of predominantly religious hymns; the oldest of famous monument Indian literature.
The Rigveda is a collection of hymns written in the Vedic language and one of the four Hindu religious texts known as the Vedas. The Rig Veda was probably compiled around 1700-1100. BC e. and is one of the oldest Indo-Iranian texts and one of the oldest religious texts in the world. For centuries it was preserved only in oral tradition and was probably first written down only in the early Middle Ages. The Rig Veda is the most ancient and significant of the Vedas, a valuable source for the study of ancient Indian history and mythology. In 2007, UNESCO included the Rig Veda in the Memory of the World Register.
The main gods of the Rigveda are Agni (the sacrificial flame), Indra (the heroic god praised for killing his enemy Vritra) and Soma (the sacred drink or plant from which it is made). Other prominent gods are Mitra, Varuna, Ushas (dawn) and Ashvins. Savitar, Vishnu, Rudra, Pushan, Brihaspati, Brahmanaspati, Dyaus (sky), Prithivi (earth), Surya (sun), Vayu (wind), Apas (water), Parjanya (rain), Vach (word), Maruts are also invoked. , Adityas, Ribhu, All-Gods, many rivers (especially the Sapta Sindhu (seven streams) and the Saraswati River), as well as various lesser gods, persons, concepts, phenomena and objects. The Rigveda also contains fragmentary references to possible historical events, especially the struggle between Vedic Aryans and their enemies, the dasas.
Mandala First consists of 191 hymns. Hymn 1.1 is addressed to Agni, and his name is the first word of the Rigveda. The rest of the hymns are mainly addressed to Agni and Indra. Hymns 1.154 - 1.156 are addressed to Vishnu.
Mandala II consists of 43 hymns, dedicated mainly to Agni and Indra. It is usually attributed to the rishis Gritsamada Shaunhotra.
Mandala Third consists of 62 hymns addressed mainly to Agni and Indra. Verse 3.62.10 is of great importance in Hinduism and is known as the Gayatri Mantra. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to Vishwamitra Gathina.
Mandala Four consists of 58 hymns addressed mainly to Agni and Indra. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to Vamadeva Gautama.
Mandala Fifth consists of 87 hymns addressed mainly to Agni and Indra, the Vishvedevs, the Maruts, the dual deity Mitra-Varuna and the Ashvins. Two hymns are dedicated to Ushas (dawn) and Savitar. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to the Atri family.
Mandala Six consists of 75 hymns addressed mainly to Agni and Indra. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to the barhaspatya family of Angiras.
Mandala Seven consists of 104 hymns addressed to Agni, Indra, Vishvadevs, Maruts, Mitra-Varuna, Ashwins, Ushas, Varuna, Vayu (wind), two - Saraswati and Vishnu, as well as other deities. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to Vasistha Maitravaurni. It is in it that the "Mahamrityumjaya-mantra" is first encountered (Hymn "To the Maruts", 59.12).
Mandala Eighth consists of 103 hymns addressed to various gods. Hymns 8.49 - 8.59 - Valakhily Apocrypha. Most of the hymns in this book are attributed to the Kanwa family.
Mandala Ninth consists of 114 hymns addressed to Soma Pavamana, the plant from which the sacred drink of the Vedic religion was made.
Mandala Tenth consists of 191 hymns addressed to Agni and other gods. It contains the Nadistuti Sukta, a prayer to the rivers, important for the reconstruction of the geography of the Vedic civilization, and the Purusha Sukta, which is of great importance in the Hindu tradition. It also contains the Nasadiya Sukta (10.129), perhaps the most famous hymn in the West about Creation.
ऋग्वेद
Rig Veda is a collection of inspired hymns or songs and is the main source of information about the "Rigvedic civilization". This ancient book in Indo-European, which contains the oldest forms of Sanskrit mantras dating back to the period 1500-1000 AD. e. Some scholars believe that the Rig Veda was created in such early period like 12000 BC – 4000 BC e.
The Rigvedic "samhita" or collection of mantras consists of 1017 hymns or suktas, which include 10,600 verses divided into eight "ashtakas", each containing eight "adhyayayas" or chapters; they, in turn, are subdivided into various groups. In total there are ten books of the Rig Veda called mandalas (literally "circles"). These hymns are the creations of many authors or sages called "rishis". There are seven main rishis: Atri, Kanva, Jamadagni, Gotama and Bhardwaja.
Rig Veda contains detailed descriptions social, religious, political and economic realities of Rigvedic civilization. Although some of the hymns of the Rig Veda are characterized by monotheism, in the religion of the Rig Veda one can discern features of naturalistic polytheism and monism. Being one of the oldest and most important religious texts ancient india, the Rig Veda is the oldest of the four collections of hymns and other sacred texts known as . These writings are regarded as the "sacred knowledge" of the people who invaded India around 1600 BC. When the Aryans settled in India, their beliefs gradually developed into the religion of Hinduism, and the Rig Veda and other Vedas became the most sacred Hindu texts.
The Vedas were compiled between 1500 and 1000 BC. e. in Vedic Sanskrit, an ancient Indo-European language. They were passed down through oral tradition for centuries until they were eventually written down. By 300 AD e. The Vedas took their present form. The Rig Veda contains more than a thousand mantras or hymns addressed to the gods and natural elements.
According to ancient Hindu tradition, mantras are based on divine revelations received by members of certain families. Some families grouped mantras to form new mandalas. Within each mandala, the mantras are grouped according to the deities with which they are associated.
Vedic concept of time
The Vedas are primordial knowledge. Where did the Vedic texts come from? Four Vedas. Rig veda. Veda herself. Yajur Veda. Atharva Veda. The discoveries of modern scientists have long been described in the Vedas. Vedas - practical knowledge. The hidden power of the Vedas. Puranas in the goodness of passion and ignorance. Sutra. Vedic time scale. Maha kalpa. Satya Yuga - golden age. Tretta yuga - silver age. Dvapara Yuga - Copper Age. Kali Yuga is the Iron Age. Evidence in ancient scriptures. ancient Greek sources. Traditions of the Indians. Scandinavian sagas. astronomical records. Bible confirmation. Kali Yuga Society. The story of Siddhartha Gautama. History of Isha putra. Levels of consciousness. Level 1 - anomaly. Level 2 - pranamaya. Level 3 - manomaya. Level 4 - vigyanamaya. Level 5 - anandamaya. Different perception
