Message about Fabramov. Continuing education, teaching activities and a book about Sholokhov

Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov; v. Verkola, Arkhangelsk province; 02/29/1920 - 05/15/1983

Fyodor Abramov's books gained immense popularity during the author's lifetime. In all his works - love for native land and to his people, the exaltation of labor, the beauty of nature. Watching the war from the inside and working hard post-war years the writer definitely managed to convey the life of the peasants. Today we can read Fyodor Abramov in many languages of the world, and two of his works have even been filmed. The last of them is the television series "Two Winters and Three Summers", which was released in 2014.

Biography of Fedor Abramov

The biography of Fedor Abramov is full of various events. The writer was born in the midst of the civil war that took the life of his father. The writer's mother Stepanida was left alone with five children in her arms. Having lost a breadwinner, the family was below the poverty line, but by that time, like Fedor, he himself younger child in the family, ten years old, they already had a well-established economy: horses, cows, several sheep.

Fedya was very fond of studying and was considered one of the best students at school. IN high school he even received a scholarship. In the eighteenth year of his life, Fedor Abramov enters the university at the Faculty of Philology. When the young man was in his third year, the Second World War and he volunteered for the front.

Already in September 1941, he received the first slight wound in the arm. After a short treatment, he returned to duty and in November 1941 was again wounded. This time in the leg. A few hours later, among the many dead bodies, he accidentally finds funeral team. The wounded soldier is taken to the Leningrad hospital, which was located in the building of the writer's alma mater. In April 1942, he was lucky to be one of the last vehicles evacuated from besieged Leningrad.

Because of the wound, Fedor is recalled from the regiment and sent to work in a village school. There he sees how hard it is for women and children while the men are at war, how much hard work fell on their fragile shoulders. But three months later he was returned to service as a deputy company commander. Since April 1943, he has been working in the Smersh counterintelligence, first as an assistant detective, and since June 1944 as a senior investigator. Demobilized in 1945.

After demobilization, Fedor Abramov decides to continue his studies. In 1948, he graduated from Leningrad University and entered graduate school. In 1951 he defended his doctoral dissertation on. By that time, he already lives in a communal apartment with his wife Lyudmila, with whom he married in the same 1951.

Because of the article "People of the collective farm village in post-war literature" (1954), which criticizes the work of some writers, Abramov is threatened with dismissal and fines. His opinion that instead of describing the brutal post-war reality, the authors embellish it, caused an uproar. But in order to print one of the most famous works of the writer, the novel "Brothers and Sisters", Abramov refutes his article. The novel comes out in 1958 and becomes popular with both readers and critics. The writer plans to continue the story. He wants to turn the novel into a trilogy.

In 1963, another provocative article by Abramov was published. But, despite the rejection of work in the USSR, this article is taken to be printed by magazines in the USA and some European countries. In the summer of 1963, the writer receives a letter from his fellow villagers, in which they condemn his position. Fedor realizes that the letter does not really reflect the opinion of the people, but is one of the party's ways to influence him. Later, the villagers admitted that they were forced to sign the letter.

Subsequent novels and stories by Abramov were published with great obstacles in the form of severe censorship. Although later the works still received a good response among readers and were translated into several languages. In 1968, the second part of the Pryaslin trilogy was released under the title Two Winters and Three Summers. Published five years later the last part cycle ("Ways-crossroads").

His response letter to his fellow villagers, written in 1979, caused a wide resonance in the Soviet Union. In that letter, Abramov drew attention to the lack of order in the village, the negligence of the inhabitants in relation to their household. The writer called for love motherland, to work, to be the master of your land.

Except works of art Fedor Abramov wrote many essays about the countries he visited. Germany, Finland, France made a pleasant impression on him. But the writer spoke about the USA not in best light, emphasizing the indifference of Americans, their disinterest and dislike for their native land.

The writer did not like public performance, although each of his speech struck the listeners to the core. One of the largest meetings of Abramov with his readers can be called creative evening which took place in the fall of 1981. The whole country could watch the four-hour performance from TV screens. Fedor Abramov actively communicated with those present, answered all their questions.

The latest and one of the most important works the writer became a novel " blank book”, materials for which Fedor Abramov has been collecting for more than two decades. Unfortunately, the writer never managed to finish the novel. In the spring of 1983, he died of cardiac arrest after an operation. unfinished romance published after the death of the author.

In 2010, one of the St. Petersburg libraries began to bear the name of Fyodor Abramov. In the same year, Fedor Abramova Street appeared in honor of the writer in the St. Petersburg district of Parnassus.

Books by Fyodor Abramov on the Top Books website

Fyodor Abramov's books are rightfully considered classics domestic literature. But he got into ours with short story"What Horses Cry About", which is included in school curriculum. Thanks to this, we will probably see this famous Russian writer more than once in ours.

Fedor Abramov book list

Brothers and sisters:

Brothers and sisters
Two winters and three summers
Crossroads

Novels, short stories and essays:

Alka
Babyley
fatherlessness
Log mausoleums
Felt boots
around and around
wooden horses
Once upon a time there was a salmon
Skillful fingers
From the tribe of Avvakum
When you act according to your conscience
People of the collective farm village in post-war prose
Mamonikha
bear hunt
Hope
Christmas tree
From these veins Rus' went ...
Paid back
Arable land alive and dead
Pelagia
Trip to the past
Fields Open Your Eyes
The last old man of the village
The happiest
The Tale of the Great Communard
Elephant blue-eyed
pine children
Story and life
grass-ant
What do we live and feed on?
blank book

(29.02.1920 - 14.05.1983)

Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich (February 29, 1920, Verkola village, Pinezhsky district, Arkhangelsk region - May 14, 1983, Leningrad, now St. Petersburg), writer, publicist, one of the most well-known representatives so-called village prose- the most important branch of Russian literature of the 1960s-1980s.

Education. Teaching career

Was born in large family peasant old believer. At the age of two he lost his father. From the third year of Leningrad University, he volunteered for the front, because of the wound, he spent the most difficult months of the blockade in Leningrad, was evacuated across the ice of Lake Ladoga. Graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Leningrad State University (1948), postgraduate studies; in 1951 he defended his thesis based on M. A. Sholokhov's novel Virgin Soil Upturned.

In 1951-1960 - senior lecturer, then associate professor and head of the department Soviet literature LGU. literary activity started in 1949 as a critic. In the article "People of the collective farm village in post-war literature" (" New world”, 1954), which provoked a sharp rebuff from official criticism, spoke about the lacquer image of the village in the prose of those years.

"Pryasliny"

In 1958, Abramov published his first novel Brothers and Sisters (Neva), which tells about the life of a peasant family during the war years in the remote Arkhangelsk village of Pekashino. It was followed by the novels Two Winters and Three Summers (1968) and Crossroads (1973, Novy Mir), which made up the Pryaslina trilogy (USSR State Prize, 1975) - a chronicle of Pekasha's life, everyday struggle, full of drama peasant for existence. Despite the laureate, many of Abramov's works were not easily published, with censored cuts, causing reproaches for thickening gloomy colors.

Features of creativity

One of the most sober and socially minded "villagers", Abramov was alien to utopianism and idealization. Knowing the Russian North and living for a long time in his native Verkol, he was aware that " old village with its thousand-year history, today it is disappearing into oblivion ... The centuries-old foundations are crumbling, the centuries-old soil on which all our national culture».

That is why he looked so intently into the type of person created by the rural way of life - with his weaknesses and contradictions, but also with moral values that were deeply rooted in his life system. Distinguished by a stingy and strict manner of narration, Abramov, at the same time, carefully preserved the speech element of the Russian North.

Opened a "second front"

In the novels and short stories "Fatherless" (1961), "Pelageya" (1969), "Wooden Horses" (1970), "Alka" (1972) and others, the peasant world is shown in its everyday worries, sorrows and joys. For Abramov, the ordinary fate of his characters - Mikhail and Liza Pryaslin, Yegorsha Lukashin, Pelageya, Milentyevna, and others - is an image of the fate of the people, in which not only the tragedy of history is revealed, but also great dedication simple peasants, especially rural women who opened in 1941, according to the writer, the "second front".

Anxious reflection on what is happening to peasant world, became the closing cycle of "Pryasliny" novel "House" (1978), where Abramov turned to the 1970s, exposing moral trouble with journalistic sharpness modern village, showed decaying family ties growing mismanagement and indifference to the land. In the novel, the Pryaslins' grandfather's house, destroyed during the division, grows into a tragic symbol.

Publicism

In journalism, Abramov relied primarily on facts, and not on his own speculative constructions or renewed soil myths. In 1963 for the essay "Around the bush" about pressing issues rural life, which caused fierce controversy, he was removed from the editorial board of the Neva magazine.

In 1979, Abramov published in the newspaper "Pinezhskaya Pravda" open letter fellow countrymen "What we live and feed on" (then reprinted by the central "Pravda"), where he reproached them for the loss of a master's attitude to the land, to village life. The letter caused a wide resonance, but was perceived ambiguously, since Abramov did not criticize the authorities, destroying Agriculture illiterate leadership, but the peasants themselves.

According to the works of Abramov, the performances "Two Winters and Three Summers" were staged at the Leningrad Theater. Lenin Komsomol (1971), "Wooden Horses" at the Taganka Theater (1974), etc.

Soviet literature

Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov

Biography

ABRAMOV, FEDOR ALEKSANDROVICH (1920−1983), Russian writer. Born February 29, 1920 in the village. Verkola of the Arkhangelsk region in a peasant family. During the Great Patriotic War 1941−1945 student of the Faculty of Philology of Leningrad University went to the front. Completed after the war higher education, became a candidate of sciences, head of the department of Soviet literature at Leningrad State University. From 1949 he published literary critical articles. The first novel, Brothers and Sisters (1958), marked the beginning of Pryaslin's epic cycle (the other novels are Two Winters and Three Summers, 1968, and Crossroads, 1973), published in full in 1974 and awarded the USSR State Prize (1975). In 1978, Abramov supplemented the cycle with the novel Dom.

Pryaslin's tetralogy is set in the village of Pekashino in northern Russia and spans the period from World War II to the early 1970s. After the death of his father at the front, fourteen-year-old Mikhail Pryaslin becomes the head of the family. The teenager is not only responsible for the care of younger brothers and sisters, but also the obligation to work on a collective farm on an equal basis with adults. The story of the Pryaslins, a typical Russian peasant family that experienced all the cruel vicissitudes of the 20th century, made Abramov one of the most prominent representatives of the "village prose" - a galaxy of writers who studied artistic research deep layers folk life. The tetralogy is characterized by an epic style, a scrupulous description of village life and the fate of the characters. Abramov's work was generally favorably assessed by critics, but the prose writer was upset that the main attention was given to his novels, while he considered his works of other genres also important. So, milestone In the work of Abramov was the story Wooden Horses (1978), which takes place in his native places - in the Russian North, in Pinezhye. Pictures of rural life, lovingly drawn in the story, remind of the "wooden and birch bark kingdom", in which the future writer spent his childhood. The main character, the old woman Vasilisa Milentievna, Abramov gave the features of his mother. In 1973, the story was staged, and a performance was staged at the Taganka Theater (directed by Yu. Lyubimov). Abramov comprehends the life of his heroes both in the war and post-war years, and in the late 1970s, when the focus of the “village” writers was not so much the struggle of the peasant for survival as the attitude of a person spiritually connected with nature. The natural industriousness, mind and moral strength of the peasants shown in the works of Abramov are stronger than harsh external circumstances. Abramov died in Leningrad on May 14, 1983.

Russian writer Fyodor Alexandrovich Abramov, born February 29, 1920, was from the village of Verkola, Arkhangelsk region, from a peasant family. He was remembered not only as a literary critic, but also as a publicist of the 1960-1980s.

When Fedor was two years old, his father dies. In 1933 the boy graduated from Verkolskaya primary school and, in order to study at the "ten-year school", he moves with his mother to the village of Karpogory, which is 45 km from Verkola. In 1938, Fedor graduated with honors and entered Leningrad University without exams. In 1941, as a student of the Faculty of Philology, he went to the front.

While still a student, Abramov met Lyudmila Krutikova, whom he married in 1951. In 1951-1960. Fedor becomes first a senior lecturer, and then an associate professor, head of the department of Soviet literature at Leningrad State University.

From 1949 he published literary critical articles. His novel "Brothers and Sisters", published in 1958, served as the beginning full cycle story "Pryasliny", published in 1974, and in 1978 by the completion of the cycle of the novel "House". In 1954, he published an article in the Novy Mir magazine entitled "People of the Kolkhoz Village in Post-War Literature", in which he opposes the varnishing of provisions in the village.

The story of the Pryaslin family is a typical Russian peasant family that has experienced all the hardships of the twentieth century. This tetralogy is characterized by a description of the fates village life and the fate of the heroes. Elderly woman, Vasilisa Milentievna, who was assigned the main role in the story, reminded features mother Abramov.

Years of life: from 1920 to 1983

Fedor was born on Pinega, in the village of Verkole, in the Arkhangelsk region in 1920 on February 29. He began his working life in his native northern land, he defended these lands at the front, and he was brought here when he was wounded. He is connected with his village through creativity and his books.

In 1948, Fedor Aleksandrovich graduated from the Faculty of Philology at the University of Leningrad, then postgraduate studies. Abramov worked as an assistant professor, head of the department, appeared in print with critical articles about Soviet literature.

In the 49th he first appeared as literary critic in the press. And in the 58th year, his first novel was published, which was called Brothers and Sisters.

Abramov was often referred to by critics as "a writer of rural themes."

After all, his work is characterized by respect for the hard life of the village people, for their work. With his novels and stories, Fyodor Alexandrovich made the reader think about the complex and sometimes contradictory social and economic processes that are encountered "at every step" of collective farm life.

1961, the story "Fatherlessness";

1968, the novel Two Winters and Three Summers was written;

1969, the story "Pelageya";

1970, the story "Wooden Horses";

1972, the story "Alka";

1973, Crossroads, which continued the village theme;

1975, Abramov receives the State Prize, for several novels at once, which made up a trilogy called Pryaslins. Fedor Aleksandrovich dedicated this trilogy to the life of one Russian village during the war years and after the war.

IN last years life, Fyodor Abramov wrote a story, which was called "Mamonikha", and a little later, a collection short stories"Grass-murova".

The works were repeatedly staged for theatrical production.

Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov died in 1983 ....

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Difficult childhood

Abramov's parents were peasants, the family was in dire need of money. Father died early. Fedor, the youngest of five children, was only a year old at that time, and his elder brother Mikhail was barely 15. Mother did not give up, but, on the contrary, began to raise the household and after 10 years they were already considered middle peasants. That's just got it too high price. Initially, the whole burden fell on the mother and older brother, and then the rest of the children pulled themselves up. From morning until evening, the Abramov family worked, not straightening their backs, both in the field and at home.

Studies

heavy financial situation prevented the children of the Abramov family from receiving a full-fledged education. Mikhail and Nikolai graduated from only 3 classes, Vasily - 7. Sister Maria was able to go to school only when she turned 12. Fedor, although he was the youngest, went to school from the age of seven, that is, before his sister. He studied with pleasure and received awards for good academic performance.

The first big injustice

Fedor graduated from elementary school with honors and was supposed to go to five years. But only the children of the poor were enrolled in it, and Abramov, best student, they didn’t take it, because it was believed that he was from a middle peasant family. This became a great disappointment for him. But everything ended well and a little later he was nevertheless accepted into the five-year plan.

Leningrad Front

Abramov himself believed that there were two miracles in his life. The first miracle happened to him at the front, in the frosty winter of 1942. The shock battalion was ordered to make holes in the wire fence under the incessant mortar fire of the enemy. Abramov crawled towards the goal. Suddenly, a German appeared right in front of him. Fedor threw a grenade at the enemy, but before that the fascist managed to fire a burst. The bullets pierced the soldier's legs and, bleeding, he lost consciousness.

Under the cover of night, a special brigade arrived to pick up the dead. Abramov was put on a raincoat and dragged to mass grave, believing dead. But one of the soldiers on the way accidentally stumbled and spilled water from the pot on Abramov's face, and he groaned. So, miraculously, he survived.

Salvation from besieged Leningrad

Wounded soldier in serious condition delivered to Leningrad. There was a question of amputation of the legs, but the doctors managed to avoid this. In the besieged city, Fyodor Abramov spent the first, most difficult months of the blockade. In the spring of 1942, he was evacuated across the ice of Lake Ladoga to the mainland.

Later, the writer told how hard he managed to get out. The cars in front - one with children under blockade, the second with wounded soldiers, went to the bottom of Ladoga. And the car in which he was riding managed to slip through under fire. The writer called it his second miracle.

in the rear

After being wounded, Fedor Abramov was released on leave. At home, he will face what he later calls the "second front": the men went to war, only women, children and the elderly remained. Hunger, back-breaking work, and, in spite of everything, unbending fortitude - all this would subsequently form the basis of most of his works.

Service in counterintelligence

Having improved his health, Abramov returned to the front, but because of the wounds he received, he was sent not to the front line, but to the SMERSH army counterintelligence troops. He is demobilized as a senior investigator.

university

In 1938 future writer enrolled in the Leningrad University at the philological faculty. But he managed to unlearn only three courses. On June 22, the day war was declared, he applied for enrollment in the Red Army and volunteered for the front. He had to finish his studies after returning from the army. In 1951, the writer completed his postgraduate studies and remained teaching, and from 1956 to 1961 he headed the department of Soviet literature.

Within the walls of the university, he met his love, also a student of the philological faculty, Lyudmila Krutikova. The wedding took place in 1951. Since then Lyudmila long years will become his faithful companion and best companion.

"People of the collective farm village in post-war prose"

In 1954, Abramov published his first article in the Novy Mir magazine. In it, he allowed himself to speak negatively about fellow writers who glorify the carefree life of the villagers.

Immediately after the publication of the article, an avalanche of indignation fell upon him. And Alexander Tvardovsky, Chief Editor magazine, lost his position.

Creation

Novels under common name"Pryasliny" - the most famous works author. In 1975, for his indisputable talent, Abramov was awarded the State Prize of the USSR, the second most important (after the Lenin Prize) in the field of literature, art, science and technology.

Last intention

Since 1981, Abramov began to collect material for his new book. For days on end he searched in the regional archive of the city of Arkhangelsk for information on the topic civil war in the Russian North. Previously, the writer did not work with historical documents, relying only on his own experience. The main theme was to be the idea of the intelligentsia serving the people. He called his novel "Clean Book", but did not have time to finish it. Fedor Abramov died on May 14, 1983. Subsequently, his wife painstakingly collected all the available sketches and published the book posthumously.

Other facts

Fedor Abramov from a family of Old Believers.
He called his older brother Mikhail “father-brother”, he will name the main character of the “Pryasliny” cycle after him. And the prototype of the old woman Vasilisa Milentievna in the story "Wooden Horses" was his mother.
In 1969, he signed a letter against Alexander Solzhenitsyn's exclusion from the Writers' Union. Only 25 out of 8,000 writers came to his defense.